Mode Of Induction Research Articles

Using Peircean abduction to understand teacher mentoring

Lesson observation is frequently used in teacher induction programmes to support newly-qualified teachers in their reflection and classroom enquiry. This article uses an elaboration of Peirce’s abduction to illustrate how the post-observation conversation supports a teacher’s reflection on her teaching, and in particular, her teaching of language to young children. It shows that abduction involves an expert-like intuition, where the interaction and co-enquiry with the advisor was crucial. The analytical framework used is based on six modes of abductive reasoning or inference that deal with potential or possibility, three modes of induction dealing with actuality, and one mode of deduction focusing on rules and regulations. In a context of lifelong learning, with emphasis on teacher learning across the professional lifespan, the article shows how newly-qualified teachers can be supported in using abductive reasoning and engage in worthwhile classroom enquiry. The article contributes to edusemiotics, a recently developed direction in educational theory that explores the philosophical specifics of semiotics in educational contexts.

Reshaping Digital Competition: The New Platform Regulations and the Future of Modern Antitrust

This article reflects on the way in which the new initiatives to regulate powerful online platforms in the European Union, the United States, the United Kingdom, and Germany challenge well-established fundamentals of modern antitrust and thereby reshape the future of competition law. It shows that the new platform regulations set in motion a profound transformation of modern antitrust law that operates along four parameters. First, the new platform regulations unsettle the long-standing baseline assumption that the maximization of consumer welfare constitutes competition law’s core mission. Second, the new instruments repudiate the orthodox understanding of error costs that advocates under-enforcement as the optimal standard of intervention in innovation-driven markets. Third, by relying primarily on rule-like presumptions as legal commands to regulate digital competition, the new platform regulations reverse the trend toward an increasingly inductive mode of analysis that characterized modern antitrust under the “more economic” or “effects-based” approach. Fourth, the new platform regulations also fundamentally diverge from a purely probabilistic standard of proof which requires the showing that impugned conduct is more likely than not to cause anticompetitive harm. The reconfiguration of modern antitrust along these four vectors, the article concludes, foreshadows a new, more inclusive model of innovation and growth in digital markets.

Hepatic inflammation elicits production of proinflammatory netrin-1 through exclusive activation of translation.

Netrin-1 displays protumoral properties, though the pathological contexts and processes involved in its induction remain understudied. The liver is a major model of inflammation-associated cancer development, leading to HCC. A panel of cell biology and biochemistry approaches (reverse transcription quantitative polymerase chain reaction, reporter assays, run-on, polysome fractionation, cross linking immunoprecipitation, filter binding assay, subcellular fractionation, western blotting, immunoprecipitation, stable isotope labeling by amino acids in cell culture) on in vitro-grown primary hepatocytes, human liver cell lines, mouse samples and clinical samples was used. We identify netrin-1 as a hepatic inflammation-inducible factor and decipher its mode of activation through an exhaustive eliminative approach. We show that netrin-1 up-regulation relies on a hitherto unknown mode of induction, namely its exclusive translational activation. This process includes the transfer of NTN1 (netrin-1) mRNA to the endoplasmic reticulum and the direct interaction between the Staufen-1 protein and this transcript as well as netrin-1 mobilization from its cell-bound form. Finally, we explore the impact of a phase 2 clinical trial-tested humanized anti-netrin-1 antibody (NP137) in two distinct, toll-like receptor (TLR) 2/TLR3/TLR6-dependent, hepatic inflammatory mouse settings. We observe a clear anti-inflammatory activity indicating the proinflammatory impact of netrin-1 on several chemokines and Ly6C+ macrophages. These results identify netrin-1 as an inflammation-inducible factor in the liver through an atypical mechanism as well as its contribution to hepatic inflammation.

Obstacles to Digital Innovation in KIBS — The Case of Law Firms in Poland

As digitalization continues to fundamentally change professional work, we examine obstacles to technological innovation in the legal sector, which is a notable outlier when compared to other knowledge-intensive business services (KIBS). This paper aims to explain the lower engagement with technological novelty in legal services in contrast to other KIBS spearheading global innovation. We adopted a mixed-method approach, combining both deductive and inductive inferential modes in a pragmatic manner. We used a quantitative analysis of law firms (n = 258) to establish baseline observations that were used to understand the attitudes toward the use of technology in addition to interviews with individual lawyers (n = 28). The study broadens the understanding of obstacles to digital change in small law firms operating on the periphery of the global market. Six different barriers clustered in two groups were identified: three reflect the character of individual work, two are related to law firm performance, and the last reveals an overarching problem in technology design. The discussion extends the debate on technological disruption in legal services. The reluctance to adopt digital innovations is not irrational when the drawbacks of creative disruption are considered. Endogenous change would require altering fragmented structures of local markets for companies to grow via an economy of scale. It is more likely that digital novelties will continue to develop from the global market delimited by the English language. A better understanding of obstacles to technological innovation may serve lawyers, managers, and LegalTech providers with material concerns that need to be addressed.

Validation of three models (Tolcher, Levine, and Burke) for predicting term cesarean section in Chinese population

Background: Some models predicting cesarean section (CS) have been proposed, with Tolcher, Levine, and Burke model well acknowledged. Tolcher model targets nulliparous women with term labor induction; Levine model targets women with term labor induction with intact membranes and an unfavorable cervix. Burke model targets term nulliparous woman with an uncomplicated pregnancy. Our objective was to assess the predictive performance of these three models, and to disclose the variables which may predict the risk of CS in Chinese population. Methods: A retrospective study was conducted on women with singleton, term, cephalic pregnancies at a tertiary academic center (2011–2017). A predicted probability for CS was calculated for women in the dataset by the algorithm of each model. The performance of the model was evaluated for discrimination. Univariate analysis was used to screen out the factors that may increase the risk of CS. Results: The three models predicted CS as following (expressed by an area under the receiver operating characteristic curve [AUC ROC]) (in the population defined/employed by each model): Tolcher model with AUC ROC of 0.659; Levine model with 0.697; and Burke model as 0.623. Different interventional measures or characteristics of labor were also evaluated; the nulliparous and multiparous were analyzed separately. Still, most of the results were unsatisfactory (AUC ROC <0.7). Univariate analyses on the clinical parameters that may affect the incidence of CS were performed. The followings affected the incidence/probability of CS: maternal age, height, body mass index (BMI), weight gain during pregnancy, gestational age, mode of labor induction, meconium-stained amniotic fluid, presence of complications, neonatal weight/gender. Conclusion: These three models may not be suitable for predicting CS for Chinese population. Some maternal and fetal characteristics increased the risk of CS, which should be taken into account in creating some appropriate models for predicting CS in Chinese population.

Mode of Tumor Necrosis Induction <i>in vivo</i> by Heat-generating Nanoparticles of Magnetite Cationic Lipid Composite Particles Dispersing toward Neighbor Naïve Tumor Zone and its Therapeutic Use

Mode of Tumor Necrosis Induction <i>in vivo</i> by Heat-generating Nanoparticles of Magnetite Cationic Lipid Composite Particles Dispersing toward Neighbor Naïve Tumor Zone and its Therapeutic Use

Primordial Germ Cell Development in the Poeciliid, Gambusia holbrooki, Reveals Shared Features Between Lecithotrophs and Matrotrophs.

Metazoans exhibit two modes of primordial germ cell (PGC) specification that are interspersed across taxa. However, the evolutionary link between the two modes and the reproductive strategies of lecithotrophy and matrotrophy is poorly understood. As a first step to understand this, the spatio-temporal expression of teleostean germ plasm markers was investigated in Gambusia holbrooki, a poecilid with shared lecitho- and matrotrophy. A group of germ plasm components was detected in the ovum suggesting maternal inheritance mode of PGC specification. However, the strictly zygotic activation of dnd-β and nanos1 occurred relatively early, reminiscent of models with induction mode (e.g., mice). The PGC clustering, migration and colonisation patterns of G. holbrooki resembled those of zebrafish, medaka and mice at blastula, gastrula and somitogenesis, respectively—recapitulating features of advancing evolutionary nodes with progressive developmental stages. Moreover, the expression domains of PGC markers in G. holbrooki were either specific to teleost (vasa expression in developing PGCs), murine models (dnd spliced variants) or shared between the two taxa (germline and somatic expression of piwi and nanos1). Collectively, the results suggest that the reproductive developmental adaptations may reflect a transition from lecithotrophy to matrotrophy.

Exploratory study on innovation management in startups, an attempt to design it through the business model

Startups operate in markets where uncertainty is high. As a consequence, they must constantly adapt their Business Model (BM) to the needs and requirements of their stakeholders, leading to the adoption of more reactive and flexible management methods. Innovation is predefined by the process of implementing the invention in the market. This requires the integration of: resources, competences, partners, tools and management methods allowing to create, propose and share value from an innovative BM. This paper aims at citing the different methods of innovation management in startups in order to develop a combinatorial model linking the three approaches: Lean Startup, Effectuation and Design Thinking. By adopting an exploratory approach, we have designed this model that calls upon the different innovation management approaches that allow the successful creation, development and growth of startups. Our empirical study focuses on the innovation management process in Moroccan startups. Thanks to the LaFactoryStartup incubator, we were able to select radically innovative startups. Four out of seven companies responded favorably to our request. For confidentiality reasons, we finally conducted interviews with four startups. The four innovation phases developed (Idealization, Startup Product Design, Product Launch and Testing, Business Growth) are the main coding categories. We then defined sub-categories of coding resulting from an inductive mode of reflection from the empirical data collected. Thanks to the inter-case and intra-case analysis, we were able to build a model of innovation management in startups integrating the three innovation methods: lean startup, effectuation and design thinking.

An Oil Multipollutant Detection Sensor With High Sensitivity and High Throughput

Oil is rich in information about the operating status of machinery and equipment, and oil condition monitoring is essential for maintaining the safety and reliability of machinery and equipment. Most sensors not only have the problem of small detection throughput and low detection efficiency, but also large-sized contaminants can easily block or even scratch the detection channel. A sensor with high sensitivity and high throughput for detecting multiple oil contamination is designed in this paper. The sensor comprises four glass capillary detection channels and four detection units, including a planar coil, solenoid coil, cylindrical parallel plate capacitor and rectangular parallel plate capacitor. Detection flux of the sensor is increased by 12 times its initial value, which significantly improves the detection efficiency. Through experimental research, in the inductance mode, the best excitation frequency is 2 MHz, and the voltage is 2 V. In the capacitance mode, the best excitation frequency is 1.8 MHz, and the voltage is 2 V. In addition, the sensor has a higher detection capability for Fe than Cu in the inductance mode, and a higher detection capability for water droplets than air bubbles in the capacitance mode. By analyzing the signal characteristics of each sensor unit, the sensor can distinguish between Fe of 38~900 μm and Cu of 88~900 μm, as well as water droplets greater than 130 μm and air bubbles greater than 100 μm. This research provides a new idea for online oil monitoring.

Capacitive–Inductive Magnetic Plug Sensor With High Adaptability for Online Debris Monitoring

A capacitive–inductive magnetic plug sensor for online condition monitoring is proposed in this article, which can achieve particle counting, debris measurement, and wear rate estimation. The sensor can detect capacitance and inductance parameters, the coil is the outer electrode to detect the dielectric change in capacitance mode, and the coil directly induces magnetic field disturbance in inductance mode. Through introducing a reference unit, Wheatstone bridge circuits are constructed to enhance the response to debris and reduce the interference of oil temperature and viscosity. A postprocessing circuit with filtering and amplifying functions is adopted to improve accuracy. The sensor output characteristics and debris position effect are studied through the experiment. The comprehensive analysis of the detection results in two modes can improve sensor adaptability and overcome the deficiency of low reliability based on a single detection method. This sensor can provide more accurate debris information for the fault diagnosis of hydraulic equipment and is of great significance for intelligent maintenance.

Current channel in plasma of inverse exploding planar foils

In the research of <i>Z</i>-pinch, the initial establishment of current in load, current density distribution mode and current evolution characteristics in different stages are of great significance in studying the development of plasma dynamics, analyzing plasma instability mode, and carrying out the MHD numerical simulation. Thin planar foil is an ideal configuration with continuous two-dimensional structure to study the problem. Based on an ideal model that consists of foil-backpost configuration under the assumption of infinite length in reverse exploding condition, the establishment, distribution and evolution of the current channel, magnetic field distribution characteristics and the force state of foil plasma by the inductive mode are calculated and analyzed theoretically. Relevant experiments are carried out on the QG-1 facility with about 1.4 MA peak current and 100 ns rise time to verify the calculated results. The self-emission graphs of exploding foils are recorded by visible-light frame cameras from side-on view and end-on view. Different load configurations are utilized including symmetric and asymmetric condition both assembled with two 20-μm-thick aluminum foils. The results show that the establishment of the initial current in foil (0–70 ns) accord with the expectation of the inductance model. The inductance feature determines the distribution of the current in this stage, which causes the current to aggregate in foil edges and then the edges will suffer much higher magnetic field and <i> <b>J</b> </i> × <i> <b>B</b> </i> force than the center. This results in the formation of a clamp plasma morphology. The later images (70–120 ns) show that the intense emission region will transfer from the foil edges to the center, which proves a transfer of current channel. So the magnetic field and <i> <b>J</b> </i> × <i> <b>B</b> </i> force in the foil center increase and a peak convex plasma morphology forms then. It shows that the current distribution will be affected by the plasma evolution process. The convergence process of ablated plasma with current finally leads to rapidly switch the current channel (in 60–80 ns).

A Multi-Parameter Microfluidic Particle Sensor Based on Permalloy for High Sensitivity

Technologies for particle detection in lubricating or hydraulic oil are essential in mechanical industries to avoid constant machinery failure. The existing technologies utilize offline or online methods. Some of the online methods either have weak sensitivity or can only detect one type of particle. This article presents a highly sensitive, multi-parameter sensor for detecting various particles in hydraulic oil. This design takes advantage of high magnetic permeability and shielding efficiency of permalloy, placed behind dual opposite planar coils with a straight microchannel structure to improve the sensitivity of the sensor. The design includes both an inductive mode sensor, which can detect and distinguish ferromagnetic and nonferromagnetic metallic particles, and a capacitive mode sensor, which can detect and distinguish air bubbles and water droplets. Comparative COMSOL simulation and experiment were used to investigate the effect of permalloy and the results show that the sensor with permalloy has higher sensitivity compared to the sensor without permalloy. The sensor with permalloy successfully detected 15-<inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\mu \text{m}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> iron particle, 55-<inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\mu \text{m}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> copper particle, 75-<inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\mu \text{m}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> water droplet, and 95-<inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\mu \text{m}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> air bubble. This research shows the application of permalloy in the sensitivity improvement of microfluidic sensors.

Dual-Mode Brushless Wound Rotor Synchronous Machine for High Starting Torque

This paper proposes a dual-mode brushless wound rotor synchronous machine (DBL-WRSM) for high starting torque. The proposed DBL-WRSM consists of two modes: induction and brushless (BL)-synchronous modes. First, the induction mode operates as a wound rotor induction machine (WRIM) to achieve a high starting torque. Second, the BL-synchronous mode operates as a brushless wound rotor synchronous machine (BL-WRSM) using the subharmonic of the stator magnetomotive force (MMF) in the steady state. To realize the dual-mode topology of the proposed machine, the stator is composed of two divided armature windings and two inverters that can produce subharmonics. The rotor has five switches that convert the rotor winding configuration between the two modes. To verify the proposed topology of DBL-WRSM, finite element analysis (FEA) was performed. Through the FEA results of the transient electromagnetic torque for the voltage source, it was confirmed that the proposed DBL-WRSM not only operates as a BL-WRSM in a steady state but also has a sufficiently high starting torque even under a full-load condition.

AP2M1 mediates autophagy-induced CLDN2 (claudin 2) degradation through endocytosis and interaction with LC3 and reduces intestinal epithelial tight junction permeability

ABSTRACT The intestinal epithelial tight junctions (TJs) provide barrier against paracellular permeation of lumenal antigens. Defects in TJ barrier such as increased levels of pore-forming TJ protein CLDN2 (claudin-2) is associated with inflammatory bowel disease. We have previously reported that starvation-induced macroautophagy/autophagy enhances the TJ barrier by degrading pore-forming CLDN2. In this study, we examined the molecular mechanism underlying autophagy-induced CLDN2 degradation. CLDN2 degradation was persistent in multiple modes of autophagy induction. Immunolocalization, membrane fractionation, and pharmacological inhibition studies showed increased clathrin-mediated CLDN2 endocytosis upon starvation. Inhibition of clathrin-mediated endocytosis negated autophagy-induced CLDN2 degradation and enhancement of the TJ barrier. The co-immunoprecipitation studies showed increased association of CLDN2 with clathrin and adaptor protein AP2 (AP2A1 and AP2M1 subunits) as well as LC3 and lysosomes upon starvation, signifying the role of clathrin-mediated endocytosis in autophagy-induced CLDN2 degradation. The expression and phosphorylation of AP2M1 was increased upon starvation. In-vitro, in-vivo (mouse colon), and ex-vivo (human colon) inhibition of AP2M1 activation prevented CLDN2 degradation. AP2M1 knockout prevented autophagy-induced CLDN2 degradation via reduced CLDN2-LC3 interaction. Site-directed mutagenesis revealed that AP2M1 binds to CLDN2 tyrosine motifs (YXXФ) (67–70 and 148–151). Increased baseline expression of CLDN2 and TJ permeability along with reduced CLDN2-AP2M1-LC3 interactions in ATG7 knockout cells validated the role of autophagy in modulation of CLDN2 levels. Acute deletion of Atg7 in mice increased CLDN2 levels and the susceptibility to experimental colitis. The autophagy-regulated molecular mechanisms linking CLDN2, AP2M1, and LC3 may provide therapeutic tools against intestinal inflammation. Abbreviations: Amil: amiloride; AP2: adaptor protein complex 2; AP2A1: adaptor related protein complex 2 subunit alpha 1; AP2M1: adaptor related protein complex 2 subunit mu 1; ATG7: autophagy related 7; CAL: calcitriol; Cas9: CRISPR-associated protein 9; Con: control; CPZ: chlorpromazine; DSS: dextran sodium sulfate; EBSS: Earle’s balanced salt solution; IBD: inflammatory bowel disease; TER: trans-epithelial resistance; KD: knockdown; KO: knockout; MAP1LC3/LC3: microtubule associated protein 1 light chain 3; MβCD: Methyl-β-cyclodextrin; MET: metformin; MG132: carbobenzoxy-Leu-Leu-leucinal; MTOR: mechanistic target of rapamycin kinase; NT: non target; RAPA: rapamycin; RES: resveratrol; SMER: small-molecule enhancer 28; SQSTM1: sequestosome 1; ST: starvation; ULK1: unc-51 like autophagy activating kinase 1; WT: wild type.

Numerical research on the instabilities of CLT propeller wake

Optimising contracted and load tip (CLT) propellers has proven difficult due to the lack of research on flow fields. In this study, the hydrodynamics and wake of the P1727 propeller, a CLT propeller, are investigated using large eddy simulation for three advance coefficients. Fluctuations in the thrust and torque are minimal, with a frequency of up to 1000 Hz, as indicated by the simulations, which are verified based on experimental data and study on spatial and temporal convergences. Instantaneous, phase-averaged, and azimuthal-averaged flow fields are used to analyse propeller wake, including the tip vortices of endplate, secondary tip vortices, merged and trailing sheet vortices and the hub vortex. Based on previous works, we present a novel mutual inductance mechanism for the instabilities in CLT propeller wake. The merged vortices formed by merging between the tip vortices of endplate and the secondary tip vortices are strengthened, stretched by the outer trailing vortices that are caused by the crack of trailing sheet vortices, then the reinforced merged vortices trigger the leapfrogging phenomenon and induce the outer instabilities. While the inner trailing vortices, or root vortices, remain coherent, they undergo contraction and approach the hub vortex. Thereafter, they intertwine with the spiraling hub vortex, acting as the dominant mutual inductance mode of the inner CLT propeller wake.

Germline development during embryogenesis of the larvacean, Oikopleura dioica

Germ cells develop into eggs and sperms and represent a lineage that survives through multiple generations. Germ cell specification during embryogenesis proceeds through one of two basic modes: either the cell-autonomous mode or the inductive mode. In the cell-autonomous mode, specification of germ cell fate involves asymmetric partitioning of the specialized maternal cytoplasm, known as the germplasm. Oikopleura dioica is a larvacean (class Appendicularia) and a chordate. It is regarded as a promising animal model for studying chordate development because of its short life cycle (5 days) and small genome size (∼60 ​Mb). We show that their embryos possess germplasm, as observed in ascidians (class Ascidiacea). The vegetal cytoplasm shifted towards the future posterior pole before the first cleavage occurred. A bilateral pair of primordial germ cells (PGC, B11 ​cells) was formed at the posterior pole at the 32-cell stage through two rounds of unequal cleavage. These B11 ​cells did not undergo further division before hatching of the tadpole-shaped larvae. The centrosome-attracting body (CAB) is a subcellular structure that contains the germplasm and plays crucial roles in germ cell development in ascidians. The presence of CAB with germplasm was observed in the germline lineage cells of larvaceans via electron microscopy and using extracted embryos. The CAB appeared at the 8-cell stage and persisted until the middle stage of embryogenesis. The antigen for the phosphorylated histone 3 antibody was localized to the CAB and persisted in the PGC until hatching after the CAB disappeared. Maternal snail mRNA, which encodes a transcription factor, was co-localized with the antigen for the H3S28p antibody. Furthermore, we found a novel PGC-specific subcellular structure that we call the germ body (GB). This study thus highlights the conserved and non-conserved features of germline development between ascidians and larvaceans. The rapid development and short life cycle (five days) of O. dioica would open the way to genetically analyze germ cell development in the future.

The role of apoptotic bone marrow cells in activation of liver regeneration

Objective: using an adoptive transfer model to study the cellular mechanisms involved in the formation of the initial stage of liver regeneration during intraperitoneal injection of a healthy recipient with apoptotic bone marrowderived mononuclear cells (BM-MNCs) from a donor after extended liver resection.Materials and methods. Male Wistar rats (n = 40) were used to create a model of adoptive transfer of apoptotic BM-MNCs (a-BM-MNCs) taken from the donor after extended liver resection to a healthy recipient. During the experiments, the animals were divided into five groups. Four experimental groups with intraperitoneal injection of the same doses to the recipient: freshly isolated BM-MNCs (group 1); BM-MNCs subjected to apoptosis for 48 hours by storage at t = 4–6 °C in phosphate-buffered saline (PBS) (group 2) or in a Custodiol HTK solution (group 3). In group 4, the animals were injected with PBS after storing BM-MNCs in it. The control animals were animals injected with saline (group 5). For selection of effective modes of apoptosis induction, BM-MNCs stained with 7AAD after incubation in solutions were analyzed by flow cytometry. Targeted transfer of regenerative signals to the recipient was assessed by the mitotic activity of hepatocytes in the liver and tubular epithelium in the kidneys, as well as by the intensity of microstructural changes in the liver 24, 48 and 72 hours after injection of the studied material.Results. BMC incubation in PBS and HTK for 48 hours at t = 4–6 °C provides the most effective accumulation of a-BM-MNCs in early apoptosis. It was shown that a-BM-MNCs retain the ability to target-focused transmission of regulatory signals to the liver supported by autophagy process during adoptive transfer. It was established that a-BM-MNCs (groups 2 and 3) in comparison to native BM-MNCs (group 1) at adoptive transfer increased the regenerative potential of the liver due to pronounced increase in the activity of autophagy processes and directed infiltration of immunomodulatory mononuclear cells in the liver.Conclusion. a-BM-MNCs create a stronger basis for development and implementation of a targeted and effective regeneration program by enhancing autophagy processes and immunomodulatory effect on mononuclear cells, which are regenerative signal carriers.

The induction of social pessimism reduces pain responsiveness.

Past work has found that optimism reduces a person's responsiveness to pain, but the effects of pessimism are not clear. Therefore, we gave pessimistic forecasts of participants' future social life and measured changes in their pain responsiveness. In particular, some participants were told that they would end up alone in life. Seventy-five subjects were investigated in three conditions (negative forecast, positive forecast, no forecast) for changes in pain threshold and pain tolerance threshold. Pressure pain induction was accomplished by either human- or machine-driven algometers. A randomly assigned bogus forecast promising either a lonely or a socially satisfying future was ostensibly based on a personality questionnaire and an emotional dot-probe task. As potential covariates, questionnaires assessing dispositional optimism (LOT-R), pain catastrophizing (PCS), and self-esteem (SISE) were given. Pain thresholds suggested a change toward unresponsiveness only in the negative forecast condition, with only small differences between the modes of pain induction (i.e.,human or machine). The results for pain tolerance thresholds were less clear also because of limiting stimulation intensity for safety reasons. The covariates were not associated with these changes. Thus, people expecting a lonely future became moderately less responsive to pain. This numbing effect was not modulated by personality measures, neither in a protective fashion via dispositional optimism and self-esteem nor in a risk-enhancing fashion via trait pain catastrophizing. Alternative mechanisms of action should be explored in future studies.

Quantitative measurements of singlet molecular oxygen in a low pressure ICP

We present measurements of the densities and temperatures (rotational and translational) of the metastable a1Δg (v = 0) state of O2 in a cylindrically symmetric RF driven plasma operating in inductive mode at 100 mTorr total pressure and 300 W applied power. Line-of-sight absorption across the plasma region was determined by diode laser cavity ringdown spectroscopy on the (0, 0) vibrational band of the O2(b1Σg +) ← O2(a1Δg) transition near 1.9 μm. Four rotational quantum states were studied, with a population distribution corresponding to a rotational temperature of 346 ± 38 K. The translational temperature was determined to be 359 ± 16 K from the width of the strongest absorption line, Q(12), and in equilibrium with the rotational distribution. The absolute concentration of O2(a1Δg, v = 0) was measured as (9.5 ± 1.3) × 1013 cm−3, and corresponds to an apparent (3.5 ± 0.45)% contribution to the total number density. Time-resolved CRDS measurements following plasma extinction were used to deduce a wall loss coefficient, γ, of (2.8 ± 0.3) × 10−3 on predominantly Al surfaces. Surmising reasonable concentrations for O2(b1Σg +) and an upper limit for the vibrational temperature places the total contribution of O2(a1Δg) at between 3.6% and 5.85%. The variation of the O2(a1Δg, v = 0) state concentration with RF power shows a clear transition from the E to H mode excitation near an applied power of 150 W. Allan variance analysis yields a minimum measurable concentration of O2(a1Δg, v = 0) of 1.1 × 1012 cm−3 over 100 ringdown events, an order of magnitude more sensitive than previously reported.

Modelling and Performance Analysis of a DSTATCOM using ISCT Control Technique

This paper chiefly deals with the performance of DSTATCOM as a load compensator. For enhancing the power quality and so as to mitigate harmonics it is employed on the load side. The reactive power is absorbed or generated by DSTATCOM by regulating the bus voltage. The most reason for occurring of the power quality issues is because of the non-liner loads that were employed by the consumers. DSTATCOM works as inductive or capacitive modes basing on the system voltage. The analysis is performed on the issues in the distribution side by employing the DSTATCOM compensation in this paper. In this paper,we had adopted Instantaneous Symmetrical Compound Theory (ISCT) controller to mitigate harmonics on the source side. The harmonics are due to the increase in the usage of non-linear loads by the consumers. The DSTATCOM regulates the bus voltage by absorbing or generating reactive power. The results are extracted using extensive digital simulation performed in MATLAB/SIMULINK environment.