Induced Ulcer Model Research Articles

Preclinical Evaluation of Antiulcer activity of hydroalcoholic extracts of Macrotyloma uniflorum seed

This is a comprehensive study of anti ulcer activity of Macrotyloma uniflorum (horse gram) on experimental gastric ulcer models in rats. Macrotyloma uniflorum, the whole seeds of horse gram are also known as Kulthi bean, Madras gram. In Telangana and Andhra Pradesh, horse gram is prescribed for persons suffering from jaundice or water retention, colic pain and ulcer and GI disorder. Its seeds are rich in linoleic acid and ester, mome inositol, alpha-d-glucopyranoside, vitamin E, ethyl derivatives, stigmasterol and 3-beta stigmast-5en-3-ol, phenolic acid. The present study evaluates the antiulcer activity of the ethanol extract of the seeds of Macrotyloma uniflorum by using pyloric ligation and stress induced ulcer model. Macrotyloma uniflorumhas already shown potent antioxidant activity and a potent antioxidant is obvious to show the healing capability as per as general pharmacology concern. In the pyloric ligation model the untreated control has shown 4.3 m Eq/L of acidity where as the ranitidine treated standard gp shown 2 m Eq/L and Macrotyloma uniflorum has shown 2.8 mEq/L acidity respectively. In the stress induced antiulcer model the activity was more prominent, in the untreated control there was 26 no of sores were present whereas the standard group shown only 1 number of ulcer sore and in the Macrotyloma uniflorum treated group there was 5 number of ulcer sore present. It is established that Macrotyloma uniflorumis having significant antiulcer activity while compare with the untreated control group.

Preliminary screening of anti-ulcerati ve colitis activity of aqueous leaf extract of Spondias mombin Linn. (Anacardiaceae) and the possible mechanisms of action in rats

Spondias mombin L. (Anacardiaceae) commonly known as ‘yellow mombin’ is a multipurpose herb cultivated in parts of the Brazilian Northeast for its edible fruits, oil and leaves. The bark is used to carve figures and leaves and roots used as medicine. Efforts in this study were devoted to evaluating the effect of aqueous leaf extract of Spondias mombin Linn. on SMB sub-acute dosing in a rat model of acetic acidinduced ulcerative colitis and acetic-acid induced ulcerative colitis (curative) models. Three graded doses of the extract were administered orally (50, 100 and 200mg/kg) for the prophylactic model and 200mg/kg for the curative model. The involvement of endogenous nitric oxide, prostaglandins and potassium ion in the cytoprotective action of S. mombin L. was also investigated. The extract showed a significant (p<0.05) colonic cytoprotective effect in acetic-acid induced ulcerative colitis (prophylactic) and acetic-acid induced ulcerative colitis (curative) models when compared to control. Antioxidant analysis showed the ability of S. mombin L. to attenuate oxidative stress by decreasing the lipid peroxide level and to inhibit accumulation of free radicals’ generation during LPO (lipid peroxidation) process. S. mombin L. showed presence of flavonoids, tannins, reducing sugar, cardiac glycosides and steroids/terpenes. S. mombin L. exhibited cytoprotective effects in all acetic-acid induced ulcer models via the mechanism of reducing the aggressive activity of the immune system on the colonic mucosa thereby protecting the colonic mucosa.

Phytochemical Screening, Anti-Oxidant Potential and Anti- Ulcer Activity of Leucas diffusa Plant Extract

Leucas diffusa (lamiaceae) a branched herb collected from the Guntur region, A.P. India. Phytochemical studies of Leucas diffusa, methanolic fraction subjected to column chromatography and estimation of total flavanoid content and to evaluate antioxidant potential and anti-ulcer activity of methanolic extract of Leucas diffusa. The plant powder was subjected to continuous hot extraction in Soxhlet Apparatus & extracted successively with n-hexane, ethyl acetate and methanol solvents. The extracts prepared were tested for the type of chemical constituents present by known qualitative tests. Total flavanoid content of methanolic and ethylacetate extract of Leucas diffusa were done. In vitro Antioxidant activity of methanolic extract was evaluated using hydroxyl radical, reducing power & hydrogen peroxide scavenging abilities. Anti-ulcer activitiy of methanolic extract was evaluated through pylorus ligation method and ethanol induced ulcer models. Statistical analysis was performed by one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) followed by the tukey’s test for multiple comparisons. Our findings suggest that methanolic extract of whole plant Leucas diffusa have got profound antioxidant effect and showed significant anti-ulcer activity at higher dose.
 Keywords: Leucas diffusa; Antioxidant; Flavanoid; anti-ulcer activity.

Phytochemical Screening and Evaluation of Antiulcer Activity of Hydroalcoholic Extract of Lilium Candidum Flowers

Peptic disorders like gastro esophageal reflux disease, gastritis, peptic ulcer, duodenal ulcer etc., are the common in today’s life style. This may be due to stressful life style or improper balance diet. The pathology behind these disorders may be discrepancy between offensive and defensive mechanisms either by excess secretion of acid and pepsin or diminished ability of the gastro-duodenal mucosal barrier to protect against stomach acid-pepsin secretion. Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) are a class of the most commonly used medicines and proven to be effective for certain disorders. Some people use NSAIDs on daily basis for preventive purpose. But a variety of severe side effects can be induced by NSAIDs. Studies have shown that edible natural ingredients exhibit preventive benefit of gastric ulcer. Therefore present study was designed to evaluate antiulcer activity of hydroalcoholic extract of Lilium candidum flowers in rats. Qualitative analysis of various phytochemical constituents and quantitative analysis of total phenolics and flavonoids were determined by the well-known test protocol available in the literature. The in vivo anti-ulcer activity of hydroalcoholic extract was assessed against Aspirin-induced gastric ulcer in rats. Depending on the model, outcome measures were pH of gastric fluid and ulcer index as well as percent inhibition of ulcer index. Preliminary phytochemical screening revealed the presence of flavonoids, carbohydrates, saponins, polyphenols and amino acids. The total phenolics content of L. candidum extract was (1.039mg/100mg), followed by flavonoids (0.941mg/100mg) respectively. Further hydroalcoholic extract of 100 and 200mg/kg/p.o significantly (p˂0.01) reduced the gastric pH, ulcer index in aspirin induced ulcer models in rats. The findings of this study confirmed that L. candidum extract has anti-ulcer pharmacologic activity due to one or more of the secondary metabolites present in it. Therefore, this study validates its anti-ulcer use in Indian folk medicine. Further investigations on isolation of specific phytochemicals and elucidating mechanisms of action are needed. Keywords: Lilium candidum, Phytochemical constituents, Antiulcer, Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, Aspirin-induced gastric ulcer.

Evaluation of anti-ulcer activity of extract of Moringa oleifera Lam. using Acetic acid induced ulcer model

Moringa oleifera Lam commonly known as Moringa, a native plant from Africa and Asia, and the most widely cultivated species in Northwestern India, is the sole genus in the family Moringaceae. It comprises 13 species from tropical and subtropical climates, ranging in size from tiny herbs to massive trees. It is grown for its nutritious pods, edible leaves and flowers and can be utilized as food, medicine, cosmetic oil or forage for livestock. Its height ranges from 5 to 10 m. Several studies have demonstrated the beneficial effects in humans. MO has been recognized as containing a great number of bioactive compounds. The most used parts of the plant are the leaves, which are rich in vitamins, carotenoids, polyphenols, phenolic acids, flavonoids, alkaloids, glucosinolates, isothiocyanates, tannins and saponins. The present investigation was carried out to evaluate anti-ulcer activity of various extract of the plant. Keywords: Moringa oleifera, Anti-ulcer activity, acetic acid induced

GASTRO-PROTECTIVE POTENTIAL OF FLOWERS OF HIBISCUS ROSA-SINENSIS (L.) IN MUCOSAL LESION ON RATS

study was conducted to evaluate the gastro-protective activity of aqueous (HAE) and ethanolic (HEE) extracts of Hibiscus rosa-sinensis Linn. (Malvaceae) flowers in experimental animals. Aqueous and ethanolic extracts were investigated for pylorus ligation and indomethacin induced ulcer models in albino wistar rats. The pH, gastric volume, ulcer index, ulcer score and free and total acidity were determined by pylorus ligation induced ulcer model and ulcer score, ulcer index and percentage protection were determined by Indomethacin induced ulcer model. Phytochemical screening of aqueous and ethanolic extracts were conducted for and it showed that extracts have alkaloids, glycosides, tannins, flavonoids and mucilage. Both the extracts at dose of 200 and 400mg/kg showed significant (P<0.05) reduction in gastric volume (1.20±0.17, 0.83±0.20, 0.90±0.12, 0.96±0.17) and ulcer index (1.50±0.19, 1.33±0.11, 2.16±0.03, 0.75±0.17, 0.92±0.22, 0.31±0.04, 0.42±0.06, 0.19±0.04) as compared to the control group (1.47±0.15, 3.00±0.21, 1.64±0.13) in both of the models. It can be concluded that both the extracts possess gastro-protective activity that might be due the presence of flavanoids, tannins and/or mucilage.

Evaluation of Gastro-protective Activity of Myristica fragrans on Ethanol-induced Ulcer in Albino Rats.

Myristica fragrans seeds are traditionally used totreat dyspepsia, vomiting and abdominal pain. The purpose of this study was to investigate the protective effect of Myristica fragrans in ethanol induced gastric ulcer. Study was carried out on rats, divided into four groups; negative control, positive control, standard drug control, and Myristica fragrans extract treated rats. The pH, ulcer index, acidity values and histopathological examination of stomach were evaluated. Myristica fragrans significantly (P<0.05) reduced gastric lesions by 41.68% in ethanol induced ulcer model at 200 mg/kg when compared to sucralfate (60.41%). However, histopathological findings appeared similar in Myristica fragrans extract treated and standard drug control groups, where stomachs were found with mild erosion of superficial epithelium and few infiltrated inflammatory cells. pH of gastric contents of rats from extract treated was increased (4.25 ± 0.25) as compared to positive control group (2.25 ± 0.25). Ulcer index of extract treated rats was improved (41.74%). Moreover, total acidity of extract treated group (60.0 ± 0.47) was decreased as compared to control group (74.50 ± 1.04). It is concluded that Myristica fragrans showed significant protecting activity in ethanol induced ulcer. Isolation and purification of phytochemicals responsible for gastroprotective activity becomes necessary.

Cytoprotective, antioxidant and anti-inflammatory mechanism related to antiulcer activity of Cissampelos sympodialis Eichl. in animal models

Ethnopharmacological relevanceThe leaves and roots of Cissampelos sympodialis (Menispermaceae) are used by indian tribes and in folk medicine to treat genitourinary infections, inflammation, asthma and gastrointestinal disorders. Material and methodsThe standardized ethanolic extract (Cs-EtOHE) and alkaloids total fraction (Cs-TAF) obtained from aerial parts of C. sympodialis were evaluated in several models of acute gastric ulcers. The antisecretory and/or neutralizing mechanisms of the gastric acid secretion, cytoprotective, antioxidant and immunoregulatory mechanisms were also evaluated. ResultsCs-EtOHE and Cs-TAF presented a reduction in gastric mucosa lesions against ethanol, NSAIDs, hypothermic restraint-stress and gastric juice containment induced ulcer models. This activity is related to alkaloids present in the extract, and involves the participation of sulfhydryl compounds, nitric oxide, KATP channels, prostaglandins, decreased levels of IL-1β and TNF-α and increased levels of GSH and IL-10. ConclusionThe data indicate gastroprotective activity, due to the participation of the cytoprotective, antioxidant and immunoregulatory mechanisms.

Propagation Measurements during Daytime for RazakSAT S-band Space to Earth Satellite Signal Transmission

Two novel quinazoline derivatives named as; 3-[(4-hydroxy-3-methoxy-benzylidene)-amino]-2-ptolyl-3H-quinazolin-4-one (5) and 2-p-Tolyl-3-[3,4,5-trimethoxy-benzylidene-amino]-3H-quinazolin-4- one (6) in addition to one acetamide derivative named as 2-(2-Hydroxycarbonylphenylamino)-N-(4- aminosulphonylphenyl) 11 were synthesized, and evaluated for their anti-ulcerogenic & AntiUlcerative colitis activities. All of the three compounds showed curative activity against acetic acid induced ulcer model at a dose of 50 mg/kg, they produced 65%, 85% & 57.74% curative ratio for compounds 5, 6 & 11 respectively. The effect of the tested compounds 5, 6 & 11 at dose 50 mg/kg were significantly (P < 0.01) more effective than dexamesathone (0.1 mg/kg) in reducing all parameters. Compounds showed curative activity of for peptic ulcer (induced by absolute alcohol (at a dose of 50 mg/kg, it produced Curative of control ulcer 56.00%, 61.70% & 87.1% for compounds 5, 6 & 11 respectively at dose 50 mg/kg, while the standard drug (Omeprazole 20 mg/kg) produced 33.3%. In both tests, the activity of our target compounds were higher than the standard drugs used for treatment of peptic ulcer and ulcerative colitis. No side effects were reported on liver and kidney functions upon prolonged oral administration of this compounds. (C) 2017 The Authors. Production and hosting by Elsevier B.V. on behalf of King Saud University.

ANTIULCER ACTIVITY OF METHANOLIC EXTRACT OF ROOTS OF BETA VULGARIS, CHENOPODIACEAE

Beta vulgaris (chenopodiacea) is a medicinal plant reported for its variety of ethnic medicinal uses. Beta vulgaris showed antioxidant, anticancer, hepatoprotective, nephroprotective, wound healing, and anti-inflammatory activities. Hence we have planned to screen antiulcer activity of root of the plant with the methanolic extract. Root powders successively extracted with methyl alcohol and were subjected for phytochemical screening to identify different phytoconstituents. The methanolic extracts of roots of Beta vulgaris were investigated for ulcer protective activity against pyloric-ligation, ethanol induced gastric lesion and cold restraint stress induced ulcers. Preliminary phytochemical screening revealed the presence of flavonoids, saponins, sterols, and alkaloids. The extract was tested for their lethal effect up to the dose level of 2000 mg/kg. None of them have produced abnormal behavior or mortality in rats. Further methanolic extract of 200 and 400 mg/kg/p.o significantly (p˂0.01) reduced the ulcer score, ulcer number, ulcer index, free acidity and total acidity in pyloric-ligation, ethanol induced gastric lesion and cold restraint stress induced ulcer models in rats. The present study revealed that the root extract of Beta vulgaris has antiulcer activity.

Gastro Protective effect of Standardized Ethanolic leaf extract of Indigofera tinctoriao on experimental Gastric Ulcers in Rats

Objective:The anti-ulcer activity of ethanolic extract of Indigofera tinctoria (Fabaceae) leaf (EEIT) was investigated in Indomethacin and ethanol induced ulcer models in wistar rats. Methods: The preliminary Phytochemical evaluation was carried out by standard methods. Indomethacin and ethanol induced ulcer models the common parameter determined was ulcer index. Animals are divided in to four groups. First groups serves as control, second group treated with standard drug third and fourth group treated with EEIT at doses of 200 and 400 mg/kg p.o produced significant inhibition of the gastric lesions induced by Indomethocin induced ulcer and Ethanol induced gastric ulcer. Results: Phytochemical evaluation shows that alkaloids and flavonoids are present in extract.The extract (200 mg/kg and 400 mg/kg) showed significant (P<0.01) reduction in gastric volume, free acidity and ulcer index as compared to control. This present study indicates that Indigofera tinctoria extract have potential anti ulcer activity in the both models.Cellular level changes was reveled with histopathological studies. Conclusion:These results may further suggest that ethanolic extract was found to possess antiulcerogenic as well as ulcer healing properties, which might be due to its antisecretory activity.

Investigation of Gastroprotective Potential of Grape Seed Proanthocyanidin Exract in Experimental Models of Gastric Ulcer, in Wistar Rats

Aim and Objective: To investigate the anti-ulcer activity of grape seed proanthocyanidin extract (GSPE) in various experimental models of gastric ulcer, in wistar rats. Materials and Methods: Rats were assigned to 5 groups in each model; Normal control, Vehicle control (5% CMC treated), GSPE (50 mg/kg, p.o. 4 days), GSPE (100 mg/kg, p.o. 4 days), Famotidine (40 mg/kg, p.o) or Omeprazole (50 mg/kg, p.o.). Three animal models used in study were (n=6) 1. Pylorus ligation model: After 4 days of pretreatment, fasted rats were anaesthized and abdomen was incised and pylorus part was ligated. Immediately after ligation drug and vehicle was administered. 4 hours later, animals were sacrificed, abdomen was opened and stomach was removed and assessed; Indomethacin treated model: In this model after 4 days of pretreatment, indomethacin (50 mg/kg) was given to the fasted rats to induce ulceration. After 5 hour rats were sacrificed and stomach was removed and assessed; Stress induced ulcer model: After 4 days of GSPE pretreatment, on day 4th fasted animals were immobilized in restrainer. The restrainer was exposed to cold environment (4-7°C) to produce gastric ulcer. At the end of 3 hour stress exposure animals were sacrificed stomach was removed for ulcer assessment. Results: Gastric acidity and ulcer index in pylorus ligation models were significantly decreased on GSPE (100 mg/kg) drug treatment. Administration of GSPE extract led to significant decrease in MDA levels, in both 50 and 100 mg/kg treated groups. Similar results were obtained in case nitrite/nitrate and MPO levels in each model. Furthermore, the obtained results revealed that pylorus ligation; indomethacin and stress models also significantly decreased the anti-oxidant levels like catalase, SOD and GSH. Antioxidant levels were lowered in vehicle treated control rats in each model and these levels were significantly increased in GSPE treated groups in each model. Discussion: In the present study GSPE (100 mg/kg) prevented both the increase in markers of oxidative stress and the decrease in levels of endogenous oxidants. In contrast of Famotidine and omeprazole only prevented the increase in the markers of oxidative stress. Conclusion: Hence, the GSPE higher doses are a better therapeutic option for the treatment of gastric ulcer in terms of better therapeutic health benefits and lesser side effects.

In- vivo diuretic and antiulcer activity in fruits of &lt;em&gt;Buchanania lanzan&lt;/em&gt;

&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Ethnopharmacological relevance:&lt;/strong&gt; The fruits of &lt;em&gt;Buchanania lanzan&lt;/em&gt; are used traditionally in the treatment of skin afflictions, sores, ulcers, inflammation and as diuretic (1,21,35,42). The aim of the study was to investigate the antiulcer and diuretic activity of the crude ethanolic and pet. ether extract from the fruits of &lt;em&gt;Buchanania lanzan&lt;/em&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Materials and methods:&lt;/strong&gt; The antiulcer activity of the crude extracts was evaluated in ethanol and pylorus ligation induced model for gastric lesions in Wister albino rats (2,8,12,19). Parameters such as gastric volume, pH and acidity were determined in the pylorus ligation model. Furthermore the diuretic activity was evaluated in comparison of Standard drug i.e. Furosemide.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Results: &lt;/strong&gt;The acute toxicity studies revealed that LD50&amp;gt; 2000mg/kg for the extract.&lt;strong&gt; &lt;/strong&gt;The extract caused a significant (p&amp;lt;0.05) dose-dependent inhibition of ulcer in the ethanol and pylorus ligation induced ulcer models at the dose of 250mg/kg, respectively. And the diuretic activity of extract also found significant (p&amp;lt;0.01) dose dependent increase in urine volume. Both ethanol and aqueous extracts have showed a significant dose-dependent increase in the excretion of electrolytes when compared to the control group.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Conclusion:&lt;/strong&gt; Our data provide a rational base for the folkloric use of &lt;em&gt;Buchanania lanzan&lt;/em&gt; in the treatment of ulcers and as diuretic.&lt;/p&gt;

Gastroprotective effect and mode of action of methanol extract of Sphenodesme involucrata var. paniculata (C.B. Clarke) Munir (Lamiaceae) leaves on experimental gastric ulcer models

Sphenodesme involucrata var. paniculata (C. B. Clarke) Munir, endemic to South Asia, is used by tribal for alleviation from abdominal disorders, inflammation and body pain. However, the gastroprotective properties of this species have not yet been studied. The leaves of S. involucrata were extracted by Soxhlet extraction using different solvents successively and the extracts were analyzed for antioxidant and anti-Helicobacter pylori activities using different in vitro assays. The chemical composition of methanol extract of S. involucrata (MESi) was analysed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC–MS). The gastroprotective action of the MESi at the doses of 100, 200, and 400 mg/kg were evaluated in absolute ethanol, acidified ethanol (EtOH/HCl) and nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) induced rat experimental models. To elucidate the mode of antiulcerogenic action, the antisecretory parameters (gastric juice volume, pH, and total acidity) and the catalase (CAT) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) enzymes activity and malondialdehyde (MDA) level were evaluated in gastric ulcer tissue. Also the stomachs of the animals were subjected to histological assessment. MESi presented a high antioxidant activity in several oxidants in vitro systems (DPPH•, ABTS•+ and FRAP) and it demonstrated a good spectrum of inhibitory activity against H. pylori growth (MIC, 100 μg/mL). GC–MS analysis of MESi indicated the presence of twenty one compounds, among them phenol (21.84%), hexadecanoic acid (15.96%), (9E, 12E)-9, 12-octadecadienoyl chloride (11.15%) and palmitic acid-β-monoglyceride (8.80%) were found higher. MESi (100, 200 and 400 mg/kg, p.o.) produced significant reduction (p < 0.01) of lesion area in the ethanol, acidified ethanol and indomethacin-induced ulcer models. In the pylorus ligation induced ulcer model, the treatment with MESi significantly altered the gastric secretion by decreasing total gastric juice volume and gastric acidity as well as by increasing the gastric pH. MESi pre-treatment significantly (p < 0.05) restored the depleted activity of SOD, CAT enzymes and reduced MDA levels in the gastric tissue as well as the histological analysis of the stomachs of the animals showed that the MESi also prevents local action of offensive factors. Collectively, the present study results suggest that the methanol extract of S. involucrata leaves demonstrates gastroprotective action, supporting the folkloric usage of the plant to treat gastro-intestinal disturbances.

Novel quinazoline and acetamide derivatives as safe anti-ulcerogenic agent and anti-ulcerative colitis activity

Two novel quinazoline derivatives named as; 3-[(4-hydroxy-3-methoxy-benzylidene)-amino]-2-p-tolyl-3H-quinazolin-4-one (5) and 2-p-Tolyl-3-[3,4,5-trimethoxy-benzylidene-amino]-3H-quinazolin-4-one (6) in addition to one acetamide derivative named as 2-(2-Hydroxycarbonylphenylamino)-N-(4-aminosulphonylphenyl) 11 were synthesized, and evaluated for their anti-ulcerogenic & Anti-Ulcerative colitis activities.All of the three compounds showed curative activity against acetic acid induced ulcer model at a dose of 50mg/kg, they produced 65%, 85% & 57.74% curative ratio for compounds 5, 6 &11 respectively. The effect of the tested compounds 5, 6 &11 at dose 50 mg/kg were significantly (P<0.01) more effective than dexamesathone (0.1 mg/kg) in reducing all parameters.Compounds showed curative activity of for peptic ulcer (induced by absolute alcohol (at a dose of 50 mg/kg, it produced Curative of control ulcer 56.00%, 61.70% & 87.1% for compounds 5, 6 &11 respectively at dose 50 mg/kg, while the standard drug (Omeprazole 20 mg/kg) produced 33.3%. In both tests, the activity of our target compounds were higher than the standard drugs used for treatment of peptic ulcer and ulcerative colitis. No side effects were reported on liver and kidney functions upon prolonged oral administration of this compounds.

Protective effect of oleane-12-en-3β-ol-28-oic acid 3β-D-glucopyranoside in ethanol induced gastric ulcer by enhancing the prostaglandin E2 level

Ethnopharmacological relevanceLantana camara is a popular invasive weed utilized in the management of ulcer in different part of world. Study of specific compound present in this plant responsible for their antulcer activity is main topic of concern. Current study designed for evaluation of the antiulcer activity of oleane-12-en-3β-ol-28-oic acid 3β-D-glucopyranoside (OAG) from Lantana camara L. Materials and methodsAntiulcer activity was carried out on NSAID’s (Aspirin) and ethanol induced ulcer model. The efficacy of the OAG on ulcer index, percentage protection and gastric acid secretion were evaluated. ResultsUlcer protection percentage (38.37%) was significant (P < 0.001) higher in the groups treated with the higher OAG dose (50mg/kg), it also recover the mucosa with no redness, no inflammation, mild dilation of blood vessels. OAG significantly (P < 0.01 and P < 0.001) reduce acidity, free acidity and gastric acid volume. It also significantly (P < 0.01) increases the pH of stomach. ConclusionOn the basis of results, it can be concluded that OAG shows significant gastroprotective activity by gastric acid secretion inhibition and afford protection against gastric mucosal damage. Further increase of prostaglandin E2 level establishes the mechanism of antiulcer activity of OAG.

Antiulcerogenic Potentials of Fermented Aqueous Extract of &lt;i&gt;Pentaclethra macrophylla&lt;/i&gt; (Benth) Seeds

Pentaclethra macrophylla popularly known as African oil bean is a member of the Leguminosae family. A decoction of fermented extract of the plant has been known to be effective in the management of malnutrition, gastrointestinal disorders and dental caries. This study evaluated the antiulcerogenic potentials of aqueous extract of fermented P. macrophylla seeds using acetic acid, aspirin, ethanol, indomethacin and pyloric ligation of ethanol induced ulcer models at the doses of 400 and 800mg/kg body weight. Omeprazole at 5mg/kg was used as a standard reference drug. The result of the acute toxicity test showed that up to 5,000mg/kg body weight of the extract did not cause any mortality of the animals. The different doses of the extract and the reference drug decreased significantly (pP. macrophylla seeds. However, the decoction of the plant could be employed in ethnomedicine for the treatment of peptic ulcer.

Chemical characterization, toxicology and mechanism of gastric antiulcer action of essential oil from Gallesia integrifolia (Spreng.) Harms in the in vitro and in vivo experimental models

Gallesia integrifolia is a Brazilian Amazon tree whose bark decoction is popularly used to treat peptic ulcer. The essential oil from the inner stem bark of G. integrifolia (EOGi) was chemically characterized by GC/MS. The in vitro cytotoxicity and genotoxicity were evaluated in CHO-K1 cells, while the in vivo oral acute toxicity was performed in mice. The gastroprotective effect of EOGi was assessed in acidified ethanol and piroxicam and ulcer healing on acetic acid -induced ulcer models in rodents. Anti-secretory, mucus, K+-ATP channels, prostaglandins (PGs), nitric oxide (NO), TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-10, catalase (CAT) and myeloperoxidase (MPO) activities and in vitro Helicobacter pylori action by EOGi were evaluated. EOGi exhibited cytotoxic effects only at 72h and no acute toxicity. EOGi showed gastroprotective and ulcer healing effects. EOGi gastroprotection was attenuated by indomethacin pre-treatment. Gastric volume and total acidity were reduced, while gastric pH was elevated. EOGi increased mucus and NO productions and CAT activity, and inhibited MPO activity, TNF-α and IL-1β concentrations and augmented IL-10. EOGi was not active against H. pylori. These results indicated that EOGi is safe and exerts preventive and curative gastric ulcer effects by multitarget actions. Twenty compounds were identified and (−)-alpha-santalene was the main compound.

Evaluation of antiulcer and antioxidant potential of Ipomoea Reniformis leaf extract against experimentally induced ulcer in rats

Background: Ulcer is a major disease of gastrointestinal system which affects about 10% of the world’s population. As conventional drugs can produce undesirable side effects on long term use it can be replaced by herbal medicines more safely. The study was designed to evaluate the antiulcer activity of ethanolic leaf extract of Ipomoea reniformis against pyloric ligated ulcer and cold restraint stress induced ulcer models in rats.Methods: Male Wistar albino rats were used. 0.1% Carboxy Methyl Cellulose (CMC) was used as vehicle. Ethanolic leaf extract of Ipomoea reniformis was employed at two dose levels (200 and 400mg/kg). Omeprazole (10mg/kg) was used as reference control in both the models. The test drugs were administered by suspending in CMC, through oral route. In pyloric ligated ulcer model, gastric volume, ulcer index and percentage protection were measured. In cold restraint stress induced ulcer model, ulcer index and percentage protection was measured. The stomach homogenate was subjected to antioxidant profiles.Results: Ethanolic leaf extract of Ipomoea reniformis dose dependently decreased the gastric volume in pyloric ligated ulcer model and significantly reduced the ulcer index in both the models. Ipomoea reniformis in both the doses significantly protected the animals against stress-induced free radical damage due to decrease in LPO and reversal of changes induced by stress on SOD and CAT.Conclusions: From the result, it was concluded that the Ipomoea reniformis leaf extract exhibited antiulcer activity in both the tested models were due to its antisecretary and antioxidant property.

Pharmacological and Phytochemical Evaluation Of Gastric Anti-Ulcer Activity of Parthenium hysterophorus In Different Models

The cause of ulceration in patients is mainly due to hyper secretion of gastric juice and also due to hyper secretion of pepsin. In traditional system of medicine a number of herbal preparations have been used for the treatment of peptic ulcers. There are various medicinal plants has been used for the treatment of gastrointestinal disorders. In view of this, in present study we have to evaluate the anti-ulcer activity of parathenium hysterophorus. Study was carried out, by using three methods i.e., alcohol, paracetamol and stress induced ulcers in rats pretreated with the doses of 250 mg/kg AQPH and ALPH, 20mg/kg Omeoprazole and 50 mg/kg Ranitidine. To evaluate the antiulcer activity of aqueous and alcoholic extracts of parathenium hysterophorus leaves (AQPH and ALPH) at 250 doses using different experimentally induced gastric ulcer models in rats. Gastric ulcers were induced in rats by 80% alcohol, paracetamol and forced immersion stress induced methods. In alcohol induced ulcer model, paracetamol induced ulcer model and stress induced model the ulcer index was determined. Where as in stress induced ulcers stress plays an important role in ulcerogenesis. In alcohol-induced ulcers, AQPH and ALPH were effective in reducing lesion index and increasing the gastric mucus content. It was also effective in decreasing ulcer index in paracetamol-induced ulcers. All the results obtained with parathenium hysterophorus were dose dependent. The results suggest that AQPH and ALPH possesses significant and dose dependent antiulcer activity. The antiulcer activity of AQPH and ALPH can be attributed to its cytoprotective and antisecretory action.