Induction Of Quinone Reductase Activity Research Articles

Composição nutricional e atividades antioxidante e quimiopreventiva de câncer de frutos de Psidium myrtoides (O. Berg)

ABSTRACT: Psidiummyrtoides fruits food industries produce by-products such as liqueurs, ice cream, jellies, and juices. However, there needs to be more information about the nutritional composition of fruits, as well as the biological potential, mainly of seed flour.Therefore, the present study aimed to evaluate the nutritional composition and antioxidant and cancer chemopreventive activities of pulp and seed of fruits of Psidiummyrtoides. Moisture content, total minerals and mineral profile, total lipids and fatty acids profile, total proteins, dietary fiber (soluble and insoluble) and total carbohydrates were analyzed. Vitamins C and complex B, organic acids and the profile of phenolic compounds were also determined. DPPH and ABTS methods evaluated the antioxidant activity, and cancer chemopreventive activity was evaluated by quinone reductase induction and NF-κB inhibitory activity. The fruits are a good source of thiamine, iron, phosphorus, potassium, fiber, and protein. Linoleic acid was the major fatty acid in both pulp and seed. Quercetin (1600 µg/100g) and pyrogallol(819 µg/100g) were the major phenolic compounds pulp and seed, respectively. The fruits showed strong antioxidant capacity, mainly the seeds, and the ability to induce quinone reductase activity, highlighting a cancer chemopreventive activity. Seed flour has a high potential to enrich food, in addition to valuing agro-industrial by-products, where we can highlight 25%, 13% and 37% of the recommended daily intake for iron (1.6 mg/100g), phosphorus (58 mg/100g) and vitamin B1 (450 µg/100g), respectively, in addition to antioxidant and cancer chemopreventive activities.

Three new compounds from the twigs and leaves of Nageia fleuryi Hickel

Two new diterpenoids, 12,15-di-O-acetylhypargenin B (1) and taiwanin F-12-O-β-D-glucopyranoside (2), one new monoterpenoid, (S)-7-methyl-3-methyleneoct-6-ene-1,2-diyl diacetate (3), together with eight known compounds (4−11), were obtained from the twigs and leaves of Nageia fleuryi Hickel. The structures of the new compounds were elucidated by extensive spectroscopic techniques including HR-ESI-MS and 1 D and 2 D NMR experiments. Spectroscopic data of the known compound 4 were provided for the first time. Compounds 1 and 11 exhibited strong inhibitory activity on LPS-stimulated production of NO in RAW 264.7 murine macrophages, while compounds 1, 3, and 5 showed significant quinone reductase inducing activity in Hepa 1c1c7 murine hepatoma cells. Moreover, compounds 7 and 8 showed inhibitory activity against the proliferation of the human prostate carcinoma DU145 cells.

Two new isoquinoline alkaloids from Cryptocarya wrayi and their biological activities

Two new isoquinoline alkaloids, cryptowrayines A (1) and B (2), along with one known pavine alkaloid (-)-12-hydroxyeschscholtzidine (3), were isolated from the twigs of Cryptocarya wrayi. The structures of new compounds were elucidated by extensive spectroscopic data analysis and electronic circular dichroism (ECD) calculations. Both compounds 1 and 2 exhibited moderate quinone reductase inducing activity in Hepa 1c1c7 cells.

Dolabrane Diterpenoids from the Chinese Liverwort Notoscyphus lutescens.

Nine new dolabrane-type diterpenoids, notoscarins A-I (1-9), including an unprecedented 6,18-cyclo-dolabrane-type diterpenoid (1) obtained through intramolecular cyclization, two rare 19-nor-2-chloro-dolabrane diterpenoids (2 and 3), six new related dolabrane-type diterpenoids (4-9), and one new butyrolactone derivative (10), were isolated from the Chinese liverwort Notoscyphus lutescens. The 6,18-cyclo-dolabrane and 19-nor-dolabrane carbon skeletons are reported for the first time. The structures of these compounds were determined on the basis of MS and NMR spectroscopic data, single-crystal X-ray diffraction, and electronic circular dichroism calculations. Preliminary bioassays showed that compounds 1-10 exhibited moderate to weak quinone reductase-inducing activity in Hepa-1c1c7 cells.

Svalbamides A and B, Pyrrolidinone-Bearing Lipodipeptides from Arctic Paenibacillus sp.

Two new secondary metabolites, svalbamides A (1) and B (2), were isolated from a culture extract of Paenibacillus sp. SVB7 that was isolated from surface sediment from a core (HH17-1085) taken in the Svalbard archipelago in the Arctic Ocean. The combinational analysis of HR-MS and NMR spectroscopic data revealed the structures of 1 and 2 as being lipopeptides bearing 3-amino-2-pyrrolidinone, d-valine, and 3-hydroxy-8-methyldecanoic acid. The absolute configurations of the amino acid residues in svalbamides A and B were determined using the advanced Marfey’s method, in which the hydrolysates of 1 and 2 were derivatized with l- and d- forms of 1-fluoro-2,4-dinitrophenyl-5-alanine amide (FDAA). The absolute configurations of 1 and 2 were completely assigned by deducing the stereochemistry of 3-hydroxy-8-methyldecanoic acid based on DP4 calculations. Svalbamides A and B induced quinone reductase activity in Hepa1c1c7 murine hepatoma cells, indicating that they represent chemotypes with a potential for functioning as chemopreventive agents.

Terpenoids from Chinese Liverworts Scapania spp.

An investigation of the chemical composition of Chinese liverworts led to the isolation of six new caged clerodane-type diterpenoids, scaparins A-C (1-3) from Scapania koponenii and scaparins D-F (4-6) from S. verrucosa. An unknown ent-trachylobane diterpenoid (7) and three known terpenoid derivatives (8-10) were obtained from S. verrucosa. The structures of the compounds were established on the basis of physical data (IR, UV, HRESIMS, and 1D and 2D NMR), and the absolute configurations were unequivocally confirmed by comparison of the experimental and calculated electronic circular dichroism spectra. Preliminary bioassays showed that compounds 1-7 exhibited moderate to weak quinone reductase-inducing activity in Hepa-1c1c7 cells.

New terpenoids and triketides from culture of the fungus Botrysphaeria laricina

Three new isopimarane-type diterpenoids, botrysphins G-I (1–3), a new muurolane-type sesquiterpenoid, 11,12-dihydroxylentideusether (4), and two new triketides, 4-dechlorobotrysphone C (5) and 4,5-dihydroxy-3-methoxy-6-undecanoyloxy-2-cyclohexen-1-one (6), together with one known diterpenoid, sphaeropsidin A (7), one sesquiterpenoid, lentideusether (8), and one triketide sphaeropsidone (9), were isolated from culture of the fungus Botrysphaeria laricina associated with the moss Rhodobryum umgiganteum. The structures of the new compounds were established on the basis of extensive spectroscopic techniques including HRMS and 1D and 2D NMR data. Compounds 1 and 2 exhibited NO inhibitory activity with IC50 values of 13.9 μM and 41.9 μM, respectively. At the same time, these two compounds showed quinone reductase inducing activity with 2.7-fold of induction for 1 at 12.5 μM and 1.6-fold for 2 at 25.0 μM.

Dolabellane and Clerodane Diterpenoids from the Twigs and Leaves of Casearia kurzii.

A pair of enantiomeric 15-nordolabellane diterpenoids, (-)- and (+)-caseadolabellols A (1a and 1b), three dolabellane diterpenoids, caseadolabellols B-D (2-4), two dolastane diterpenoids, caseadolastols A and B (5 and 6), 10 clerodane diterpenoids, caseakurzins A-J (7-16), and nine known diterpenoids (17-25) were isolated from the twigs and leaves of Casearia kurzii. The structures of the new compounds were established on the basis of extensive spectroscopic data, and those of compounds 1a, 1b, and 2 were verified by single-crystal X-ray crystallographic analysis. The enantiomers 1a and 1b were separated by chiral-phase HPLC. The absolute configurations were determined by experimental and calculated ECD data, the modified Mosher's method, or literature comparison. Compounds 1a and 5 showed significant quinone reductase-inducing activity in Hepa 1c1c7 cells, while 1b showed moderate activity. Molecular docking studies showed that 1a had greater binding affinity with Nrf2 protein (5FNQ) than 1b. The cytotoxic activity of compounds 1a, 1b, 2-12, 15, and 16 was evaluated, among which compounds 8 and 16 exhibited significant inhibitory activity against the A549 cell line. Compounds 8 and 16 induced the A549 cells to arrest at G2/M and S phases, respectively, and both compounds induced apoptosis in A549 cells.

Formicolides A and B, Antioxidative and Antiangiogenic 20-Membered Macrolides from a Wood Ant Gut Bacterium.

Two new macrolides, formicolides A (1) and B (2), were isolated from Streptomyces sp. BA01, a gut bacterial strain of the wood ant (Formica yessensis). Their 20-membered macrocyclic lactone structures were established using NMR and mass spectrometric data. The relative configurations of the formicolides were determined by J-based configuration analysis utilizing ROESY, HETLOC, and HECADE NMR spectroscopic data. Genomic and bioinformatics analysis of the bacterial strain enabled us to identify the type-I polyketide synthase pathway employing a trans-acyltransferase system. The absolute configurations of 1 and 2 are proposed based on detailed analysis of the sequences of the ketoreductases in the modular gene cluster and statistical comparative analysis of the experimental NMR chemical shifts and quantum mechanical calculations. Formicolides A and B (1 and 2) induced quinone reductase activity in murine Hepa-1c1c7 cells and antiangiogenic activity by suppression of tube formation in human umbilical vein endothelial cells.

Stilbenoids from the roots of Stemona tuberosa

Two new stilbenoids, stemobenoids A (1) and B (2), together with three known compounds were obtained from the roots of Stemona tuberosa. The structures of the new compounds were established by extensive spectroscopic analysis, including HRMS, 1D and 2D NMR data. Compounds 1 and 2 displayed potent quinone reductase inducing activity in Hepa 1c1c7 cells.

Novel secondary metabolites from the endobryophytic fungus Botrysphaeria laricina and their biological activity

One novel polyketide synthase-nonribosomal peptide synthetase (PKS-NRPS) hybrid metabolite, laricinin A (1), two new meroterpenoids, tricycloalternarenes X and Y (2 and 3), one new coumarin, 3,4,7-trihydroxy-6-methylcoumarin (4), together with the known ethyl acetylorsellinate (5), diorcinol K (6), and tricycloalternarenes C and D (7 and 8) were obtained from culture of the fungus Botrysphaeria laricina isolated from the moss Rhodobryum umgiganteum. The structures of the new compounds were elucidated based on extensive spectroscopic techniques including HRMS and 1D and 2D NMR measurements. The absolute configuration of compound 1 was determined by ECD calculation and it was the first example of a novel group of PKS-NRPS hybrids possessing an unprecedented methyldihydropyran-isobutylpyrrolidinone skeleton. Compounds 2, 7, and 8 showed significant quinone reductase inducing activity in Hepa 1c1c7 cells.

Physalin A regulates the Nrf2 pathway through ERK and p38 for induction of detoxifying enzymes

BackgroundPhysalin A isolated from Physalis alkekengi var. franchetii has been known to have many pharmacological properties. However, its effect through the Nrf2 pathway has not yet been elucidated. In the present study, we determined the effects of physalin A on cancer chemoprevention via the Nrf2 pathway.MethodsExperiments were performed in Hepa-1c1c7 and HepG2 cells. The quinone reductase (QR) activity assay was used to assess the activity of physalin A and other compounds isolated from P. alkekengi. The antioxidant response element (ARE) reporter assay was used to determine physalin A induced transcription of Nrf2 target genes, whereas the oligonucleotide pull-down assay was used to investigate Nrf2 binding to the AREs post physalin A treatment. Real-time PCR and western blotting were performed to determine the expression of Nrf2 target genes. Immunocytochemistry was used to determine Nrf2 localization after treatment with physalin A. Kinase inhibitors were used to test the involvement of Nrf2-targeting kinases and the role of ERK and p38 phosphorylation was confirmed using western blotting.ResultsPhysalin A significantly induced QR activity. As an upstream effector of QR, Nrf2 induced genes containing the ARE, which encode various antioxidants and detoxification enzymes. We observed that physalin A increased the expression of Nrf2 and its target genes in HepG2 cells. Moreover, we observed that physalin A-induced Nrf2 activation was regulated by ERK and p38 kinase in HepG2 cells.ConclusionsTaken together, we showed that physalin A increased detoxifying enzyme expression via activation of Nrf2 and its target genes. These results imply that physalin A could be a potential chemopreventive agent for liver diseases, as well as cancer.

Chemical composition and in vitro chemoprevention assessment of Eugenia jambolana Lam. (Myrtaceae) fruits and leaves

Eugenia jambolana has been used as an antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and antidiabetic. This study performed a chemical and chemopreventive screening of extracts and fractions from leaves and fruits from Eugenia jambolana. The purification of the crude extract from leaves afforded two known flavonoids, tricetin-4′-O-α-l-rhamnopyranoside (1), and myricitrin (2), whereas the purification of crude extract from fruits afforded one anthocyanin, malvidin-3-O-gentibioside (3). Additionally, seven anthocyanins were tentatively identified. The antigenotoxicity results showed that post-treatment with extracts and fractions mitigated the damage induced by hydrogen peroxide. In assessing the antimutagenicity, the samples were able to reduce the frequency of micronucleus formation for both pre-treatment and post-treatment. Also, extracts and fractions promoted the induction of quinone reductase activity. Such extracts and fractions were able to induce detoxifying enzymes and reverse DNA damage, an essential balance for its applicability as a chemopreventive agent.

Antimutagenic and Antioxidant Activities of Thai Rice Brans.

BackgroundRice bran is the outer layer of the rice grain, and contains high amounts of bioactive phytochemicals. Here, we investigated and compared chemopreventive properties of purple and white rice bran extracts.MethodsRice bran was extracted with dichloromethane and methanol. Chemical constituents in the extracts were analyzed by colorimetric assay and high performance liquid chromatography. The mutagenicity and antimutagenicity of the extracts were determined via the Salmonella mutation assay. The anticarcinogenic enzyme induction and antioxidant activities of the extracts were examined using Hepa1c1c7 cells and 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl radical scavenging assay, respectively.ResultsThe methanol extracts of rice bran contained high amounts of phenolic acids, flavonoids, anthocyanins, and phytic acid, whereas large amounts of γ-oryzanol and vitamin E were presented in the dichloromethane extract. None of the extracts were mutagenic to Salmonella typhimurium. All rice bran extracts had strong antimutagenic effects against aflatoxin B1- and 2-amino-3,4-dimethylimidazo [4,5-f]quinoline-induced mutagenesis. The inhibitory effect against 2-aminofluorene-induced mutagenesis was found in the dichloromethane extract, while only the methanol extract of purple rice bran exhibited antimutagenic effects against benzo(a)pyrene. None of the extracts induced quinone reductase activity in Hepa1c1c7 cells. Additionally, the greatest antioxidant capacity was found in the methanol extract of purple rice bran.ConclusionsThe methanol extract of purple rice bran containing high amount of phenolic acids, flavonoids, anthocyanins, and phytic acid showed the most effective antioxidant and antimutagenic activities by inhibiting mutagenic metabolizing enzymes and/or scavenging free radicals. These results demonstrate the nutritional and medical value of Thai rice for cancer prevention.

Botrysphones A-C and Botrysphins A-F, Triketides and Diterpenoids from the Fungus Botrysphaeria laricina.

Three new triketides, botrysphones A-C (1-3) and six new isopimarane-type diterpenoids, botrysphins A-F (4-9), together with the known triketides sphaeropsidone (10) and chlorosphaeropsidone (11) and diterpenoids sphaeropsidins A and B (12 and 13), were obtained from culture of the fungus Botrysphaeria laricina associated with the moss Rhodobryum umgiganteum. The structures of the new compounds were established on the basis of extensive spectroscopic techniques including HRMS and 1D and 2D NMR data. Compounds 7 and 12 showed significant quinone reductase inducing activity in Hepa 1c1c7 cells.

Profiles of Glucosinolates, Their Hydrolysis Products, and Quinone Reductase Inducing Activity from 39 Arugula (Eruca sativa Mill.) Accessions.

Glucosinolates, their hydrolysis product concentrations, and the quinone reductase (QR) inducing activity of extracts of leaf tissue were assayed from 39 arugula (Eruca sativa Mill.) accessions. Arugula accessions from Mediterranean countries (n = 16; Egypt, Greece, Italy, Libya, Spain, and Turkey) and Northern Europe (n = 2; Poland and United Kingdom) were higher in glucosinolates and their hydrolysis products, especially glucoraphanin and sulforaphane, compared to those from Asia (n = 13; China, India, and Pakistan) and Middle East Asia (n = 8; Afghanistan, Iran, and Israel). The QR inducing activity was also the highest in Mediterranean and Northern European arugula accessions, possibly due to a significant positive correlation between sulforaphane and QR inducing activity (r = 0.54). No nitrile hydrolysis products were found, suggesting very low or no epithiospecifier protein activity from these arugula accessions. Broad sense heritability (H(2)) was estimated to be 0.91-0.98 for glucoinolates, 0.55-0.83 for their hydrolysis products, and 0.90 for QR inducing activity.

Chemical profile of mango (Mangifera indica L.) using electrospray ionisation mass spectrometry (ESI-MS)

Mangifera indica L., mango fruit, is consumed as a dietary supplement with purported health benefits; it is widely used in the food industry. Herein, the chemical profile of the Ubá mango at four distinct maturation stages was evaluated during the process of growth and maturity using negative-ion mode electrospray ionisation Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry (ESI(−)FT-ICR MS) and physicochemical characterisation analysis (total titratable acidity (TA), total soluble solids (TSS), TSS/TA ratio, and total polyphenolic content). Primary (organic acids and sugars) and secondary metabolites (polyphenolic compounds) were mostly identified in the third maturation stage, thus indicating the best stage for harvesting and consuming the fruit. In addition, the potential cancer chemoprevention of the secondary metabolites (phenolic extracts obtained from mango samples) was evaluated using the induction of quinone reductase activity, concluding that fruit polyphenols have the potential for cancer chemoprevention.

Mohangic Acids A-E, p-Aminoacetophenonic Acids from a Marine-Mudflat-Derived Streptomyces sp.

Mohangic acids A-E (1-5) were isolated from a marine Streptomyces sp. collected from a mudflat in Buan, Republic of Korea. Comprehensive spectroscopic analysis revealed that the mohangic acids are new members of the p-aminoacetophenonic acid class. The relative and absolute configurations of the mohangic acids were determined by J-based configuration analysis and by the application of bidentate chiral NMR solvents followed by (13)C NMR analysis, chemical derivatization, and circular dichroism spectroscopy. Mohangic acid E (5), which is the first glycosylated compound in the p-aminoacetophenonic acid family, displayed significant quinone reductase induction activity.

Chemopreventive Agents from Physalis minima Function as Michael Reaction Acceptors.

Background:The fruits of some varieties of genus Physalis have been used as delicious fruits and functional food in the Northeast of China.Materials and Methods:To reveal the functional material basis, we performed bioactivity-guided phytochemical research and chemopreventive effect assay of the constituents from Physalis minima.Results:It was demonstrated that the ethyl acetate extract of P. minima L. (EEPM) had potential quinone reductase (QR) inducing activity with induction ratio (IR, QR induction activity) value of 1.47 ± 0.24, and glutathione binding property as potential Michael reaction acceptors (with an α, β-unsaturated ketone moiety). Furthermore, bioactivity-guided phytochemical research led eight compounds (1–8), which were elucidated as 3-isopropyl-5-acetoxycyclohexene-2-one-1 (1), isophysalin B (2), physalin G (3), physalin D (4), physalin I (5), physordinose B (6), stigmasterol-3-O-β-D-glucopyranoside (7) and 5α-6β-dihydroxyphysalin R (8) on the basis of nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy analyses and HRESIMS. Then, isophysalin B (2) and physordinose B (6) showed significant QR inducing activity with IR value of 2.80 ± 0.19 and 2.38 ± 0.46, respectively.SUMMARY An ultra-performance liquid chromatographic method with glutathione as the substrate was used to detect the Michael reaction acceptors in extracts of Physalis minima (EPM)We investigated the chemical constituents of EPM guided by biological activity methodIsophysalin B (1) and physordinose B (6) showed strong quinone reductase inducing activity with induction ratio values of 2.80 ± 0.19 and 2.38 ± 0.46This study generated useful information for consumers and many encourage researchers to utilize edible fruits from Physalis as a source of phytochemicals Abbreviations used: EPM: Extracts of Physalis minima, EEPM: Ethyl acetate extract of Physalis minima L., GSH: Glutathione, MRAs: Michael reaction acceptors, QR: Quinone reductase.

The Effect of High Pressure Hormesis on Pterostilbene Content and Biological Activity in Blueberries

This study was performed to investigate the enrichment of pterostilbene content and improvement of biological activity in harvested blueberries through the modulation of metabolism with high pressure treatment at hormetic doses. After harvested blueberries were pressurized under 2, 10, and 20 MPa for 5 min at 25C along with a set of control, pterostilbene content and induction of quinone reductase activity were observed. As a result, the content of pterostilbene in high pressure treated blueberries was enriched up to 1.33 times while quinone reductase activity was improved compared to the untreated sample. These results suggest that a mild high pressure treatment can enrich pterostilbene content and improve biological activity in harvested blueberries according to hormetic response.