Induction Of Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia Research Articles

Pterostilbene Effect on Inflammatory and Oxidation Markers in Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia Rats Model

Pterostilbene is a potent anti-inflammatory and antioxidant used to treat benign prostatic hyperplasia, which is brought on by the induction of testosterone propionate. The objective of the current experiment was to assess the efficacy of pterostilbene treatment in comparison to finasteride and resveratrol by tracking various inflammatory and oxidative markers in a male rat with lower urinary tract symptoms consistent with benign prostatic hyperplasia. The forty-eight male rats were divided into sex groups: the control group, which included eight rats given oil vehicle subcutaneously for 42 days; the induction group, which included eight rats given testosterone propionate(4mg/kg/day) subcutaneously daily dose for fourteen days; and the finasteride group, which included eight rats given finasteride 0.44 mg/kg orally for twenty-eight days after induction Benign prostatic hyperplasia , and the Pterostilbene group, which consisted of 8 rats, got Pterostilbene 200 mg/kg administered orally for 28 days after 14 day Benign prostatic hyperplasia induction, and the other group, which consisted of 8 rats, received Pterostilbene at a dose of 100 mg/kg Use oral gavage to provide 100 mg/kg for the same time period. While the Resveratrol group, which received 100 mg/kg of resveratrol orally. During the identical time frame after Benign prostatic hyperplasia Induction. There were significant differences in the tissue levels of inflammatory markers and oxidative markers Tumor necrosis factor alpha and Glutathione-peroxidase & Malondialdehyde when comparing the pterostilbene 200 group to the induction group (P ≤0.05). Pterostilbene has potent antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties that help to lessen the growth of the benign prostatic hyperplasia that testosterone propionate causes.

Diacerein provokes apoptosis, improves redox balance, and downregulates PCNA and TNF-α in a rat model of testosterone-induced benign prostatic hyperplasia: A new non-invasive approach.

One of the most prevalent chronic conditions affecting older men is benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH), causing severe annoyance and embarrassment to patients. The pathogenesis of BPH has been connected to epithelial proliferation, inflammation, deranged redox balance, and apoptosis. Diacerein (DIA), the anthraquinone derivative, is a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug. This study intended to investigate the ameliorative effect of DIA on the prostatic histology in testosterone-induced BPH in rats. BPH was experimentally induced by daily subcutaneous injection of testosterone propionate for four weeks. The treated group received DIA daily for a further two weeks after induction of BPH. Rats' body and prostate weights, serum-free testosterone, dihydrotestosterone, and PSA were evaluated. Prostatic tissue was processed for measuring redox balance and histopathological examination. The BPH group had increased body and prostate weights, serum testosterone, dihydrotestosterone, PSA, and oxidative stress. Histologically, there were marked acinar epithelial and stromal hyperplasia, inflammatory infiltrates, and increased collagen deposition. An immunohistochemical study showed an increase in the inflammatory TNF-α and the proliferative PCNA markers. Treatment with DIA markedly decreased the prostate weight and plasma hormones, improved tissue redox balance, repaired the histological changes, and increased the proapoptotic caspase 3 expression besides the substantial reduction in TNF-α and PCNA expression. In conclusion, our study underscored DIA's potential to alleviate the prostatic hyperplastic and inflammatory changes in BPH through its antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antiproliferative, and apoptosis-inducing effects, rendering it an effective, innovative treatment for BPH.

Evaluation of Therapeutic Potential of Plantain Root Extract in Testosterone-Induced BPH in Male Albino Rats

Plantain root extract (Musa paradisiaca) used as herbal treatment of various disease condition was used to treat testosterone-propionate induced Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia (BPH) in male Albino rats. Thirty six (36) male Albino rats weighing between 180 - 240g were used for this study. Benign prostatic hyperplasia was induced by daily injection of 4mg/kg of testosterone propionate for 12 days. Each rat in the appropriate groups was given 4mg/kg of TP dissolved in 1ml of vehicle oil. The rats were grouped into 6 groups of 6 rats each as follows: Group 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 & 6 known as negative control, positive control, plantain root extract, Avodart treated, combination therapy and prophylactic groups respectively. The treatment was done using 1000mg/kg of plantain root extract for 28 days. The rats were sacrificed on the 29th day after an overnight fast and blood samples were collected into lithium heparin bottles. The conventional drugs used for the management of BPH have been reported to have some undesirable side effects, this study evaluated the therapeutic potential of plantain root extract in albino rats. The plantain root extract was prepared by maceration infusion method using ethanol. Prostate specific antigen (PSA), C-Reactive Protein (CRP), oxidative stress markers Superoxide Dismutase (SOD) and Malondialdehyde (MDA) were determined using the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) method. Prostate weights of the rats were measured. Qualitative and quantitative phytochemical analysis of the plantain root extract was determined. After BPH induction, the PSA level of the rats in the treatment groups 3 and 5, showed significant decrease (p<0.05) compared to the positive control, the rats treated with Avodart showed more decrease compared to the negative control group. There was no significant difference in the SOD levels of the rats in the three treatment groups (3-5). The prostate weight of the rats in the extract/avodart groups was significantly decreased to levels comparable to negative control group. From the results of this study plantain root extract has the potential to ameliorate BPH. The combination with avodart, showed therapeutic effects indicating that there was no negative interaction. The extract exhibited antioxidant properties.

In Vivo and in Silico Assessment of Ameliorative Effects of Xylopia aethiopica on Testosterone Propionate-Induced Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia

Abstract Xylopia aethiopica (XAE) is a commonly used herbal medicine and contains rich active ingredients for a variety of biological activities. The study aimed to explore the role of XAE in the management of benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH). In the study, testosterone propionate-induced BPH in albino rats was established and treated with different concentrations of ethanol extract of XAE leaf. After treatment, the rats were sacrificed, and the body and prostate weights were recorded. The prostate-specific antigen (PSA) and acid phosphatase (ACP) levels in the blood samples were also determined. Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry was conducted to assess the active chemical compounds. Docking analysis was performed to screen chemical compounds by evaluating their binding affinity with two pro-BPH protein targets (cellular prostatic ACP and PSA). Our data showed the presence of 44 chemical compounds in XAE leaf extract. The body and prostate weights, as well as the levels of PSA and ACP, were significantly increased in BPH induction, and the changing trend was significantly reversed by additional XAE treatment. Interestingly, PSA and ACP levels in XAE-treated groups were reduced to almost the same levels as those in the healthy control. Docking analysis identified four top-posed compounds: β-amyrin, α-amyrin, α-amyrenone, and lupenone with stronger binding energies to prostatic ACP being −9.8, −8.3, −8.4, and −8.6, respectively, compared with the standard drug finasteride (−8.3). Furthermore, the two-dimensional analysis revealed strong interactions through hydrogen bonding, covalent interactions, and several van der Waal forces between the lead compounds and the target proteins. Notably, there was a recurrence interaction between similar residues Asn-1062, Lys-1250, Lys-1059, and Phe-1060 on the protein targets and the lead compounds. The study first revealed the role of XAE in BPH therapy and will help in drug design based on the lead compounds discovered in this work.

Biochemical and Histopathological evaluation of prostatic tissue under effect of Pterostilbene in benign prostatic hyperplasia rat model

Background: Benign prostatic hyperplasia [BPH] is the urologic condition that affects elderly men the most frequently Benign prostatic hyperplasia. Benign prostatic hyperplasia must be distinguished from
 lower urinary tract symptoms and benign prostatic enlargement. which refers to an enlarged prostate, benign prostatic hyperplasia is a purely histological term the development, maintenance, and secretory activity of the prostate and other sex-accessory tissues are stimulated by the presence of certain hormones and growth factors. the pathophysiology of Benign prostatic hyperplasia is significantly influenced by the activity of the enzyme 5α-reductase. It's important to remember that 5-αreductase is responsible for creating Dihydrotestosterone a stronger androgen. Pterostilbene Mostly found in blueberries and grapes and pterostilbene substance with a number of biological properties including anticancer properties. pterostilbene is a lipid-soluble molecule that exists in both cis and trans forms with the latter being more prevalent. The conventional medication for Benign prostatic hyperplasia utilized in this trial was finasteride which inhibits the 5α-reductase enzyme and lowers the amount of Dihydrotestosterone.
 Methods: Forty-eight male rats were divided into six groups; the control group consisted of eight rats who received subcutaneous injections of oil vehicle for a period of 42 days. The induction group consisted of eight rats who received subcutaneous injections of testosterone propionate for a period of fourteen days. The finasteride group consisted of eight rats who received finasteride 0.44 mg/kg by oral gavage for a period of twenty-eight days following the induction of Benign prostatic hyperplasia and Pterostilbene 200 group included 8 rats were given pterostilbene 200mg/kg by oral gavage for 28 days after 14 days of Benign prostatic hyperplasia induction. pterostilbene 100 group included 8 rats were given a pterostilbene 100mg/kg per day kg by oral gavage for 28 days after 14 days of induction Benign prostatic hyperplasia dose and the resveratrol group included 8 rats were given a resveratrol 100mg/kg per day kg by oral gavage for 28 days after 14 days of induction Benign prostatic hyperplasia After twenty-eight days.
 Results: Histological section of prostate Pterostilbene 200 were similar those in control negative revealed numerous variable sizes alveoli that filled with homogenous eosinophilic secretion, had normal epithelial and stromal tissue.
 Conclusion: Pterostilbene have a potent anti-proliferative effect by decrease the hyperplastic nodules for prostate and return epithelial cell to normal and have a very good scavenging activity for free radical [very good as antioxidant] in compare with Vitamin c and resveratrol.
 Aim of study: evaluate the effect of Pterostilbene as Anti proliferative on Benign prostatic hyperplasia and assess the antioxidant activity for Pterostilbene by DPPH Assay.

Effects of methanol extract of Allium sativa (MEAS) on hepatic and renal function biomarkers and Lipid profile of Testosterone propionate induced Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia male Rats

The increasing incidence of mortality due to benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) in ageing men globally is of serious concern and needed collective efforts to arrest it. The benign prostatic hyperplasia result from excessive growth of the prostate gland due to proliferating cells which impairs urethral functions by compressing it. This present study evaluated the effect of methanol extract of Allium sativa (MEAS) on lipid profile, renal and hepatic function biomarkers of testosterone induced benign prostate hyperplasia in male rats. The study was done using 25 adult male albino rats, divided into 5 groups, which comprises of normal control, negative control, positive control, and BPH induced rats treated with 200 and 400 mg/kg /day of MEAS respectively. Hepatic and renal biomarkers (ALT, AST, ALP, Urea, Creatinine) and lipid profile (HDL, LDL, TAG, CHOL were evaluated. The BPH induction caused significant (p<0.05) increases in lipid profile with exception HDL; hepatic and renal biomarkers of the negative control when compared with the normal control. The MEAS treated BPH-induced rats had significant (p>0.05) reduction in the biochemical biomarkers with significant (p<0.05) increase HDL. The findings of this study indicated that BPH impairs cellular functionality and treatment of BPH with methanol extract of Allium sativa showed to be effective. Therefore, extract of Allium sativa is a potential agent for the treatment of benign prostatic hyperplasia.

Biochemical evaluation of Ceiba pentandra leaf on the amelioration of testosterone induced-benign prostatic hyperplasia in Wister rats

Benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) is a considerable public health problem prevalent among older men. Despite its eminent prevalence, the etiology of BPH is not well understood. Accumulating evidence indicates that modifiable risk factors of cardiovascular disease may also increase the risk of BPH and potentially contribute to BPH development. This study evaluated the ameliorative effect of Ceiba pentandra leaf on some lipids profile indices and bilirubin concentration of rats induced BPH. Thirty six Wistar rats were divided randomly into six groups (n = 6). All the experimental groups except the normal control were induced benign prostatic hyperplasia using testosterone propionate and estradiol valerate at a dose of 400 µg and 80 µg respectively, for 21 days. After induction, rats in the negative control (BPH Control) group received no treatment. Rats in the standard control group received finasterides (1mg/kg body weight), while rats in the low dose extract, medium dose extract and high dose extract groups received the plant extract according to their body weights in kilogram at 500 mg/kg, 1000 mg/kg, and 1500 mg/kg respectively. Normal Control group received only feed without any special treatment. The animals in all the groups were allowed access to water and feed ad libitum for 28 days. The rats were anaesthetized after treatment period. Blood samples were collected and serum harvested for analyses using standard methods. Result showed that Ceiba pentandra leaf had ameliorative effect on the lipids profile analyzed.

Effects of Calocybe indica Mushroom on Oxidative Stress and Hematological ‎Alterations in Rats with Testosterone-induced Experimental Benign Prostatic ‎Hyperplasia

This study was designed to evaluate the protective effect of Calocybe indica extract (CLE) on testosterone propionate (TP)-induced hematological changes and oxidative stress in rats. The rats were grouped into six equal groups of ten rats each as follows:(a) control, (b) TP 3 mg/kg only, (c) 3mg/kg TP+ 5 mg/kg finasteride, (d) 3 mg/kg TP+250 mg/kg CLE, (e) 3 mg/kg TP+ 500 mg/kg CLE and (f) 3 mg/kg TP+1000 mg/kg CLE. The rats were administered TP subcutaneously for 28 days to induce benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) and simultaneously administered three graded doses of CLE, and finasteride as the standard drug. Hematological parameters, lipid peroxidation, antioxidant enzyme activities and histopathological examination of the prostate were assessed. BPH induction showed higher red blood cells (RBCs) count, haemoglobin (Hb) concentration, packed cell volume (PCV), serum prostate specific antigen (PSA), malondialdehyde (MDA) and lower white blood cell (WBC) count, lymphocyte count as well as lower catalase (CAT) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) activities. The simultaneous oral administration of CLE with testosterone injection did not significantly lower RBC count, Hb concentration and PCV but significantly lowered serum PSA and MDA. There was also a significantly higher WBC count, lymphocyte count, CAT and SOD activities. The results from this study suggest that dietary consumption of Calocybe indica, a mushroom with high antioxidant activity ameliorated BPH induced oxidative tissue damage and hematological alterations.

Alteration of Gut Microbes in Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia Model and Finasteride Treatment Model.

Gut microbes are closely associated with disease onset and improvement. However, the effects of gut microbes on the occurrence, prevention, and treatment of benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) are still unclear. We investigated the alteration of gut microbiota with implications for the diagnosis, prevention, and treatment of BPH and identified correlations among various indicators, including hormone indicators, apoptosis markers in BPH, and finasteride treatment models. BPH induction altered the abundance of Lactobacillus, Flavonifractor, Acetatifactor, Oscillibacter, Pseudoflavonifractor, Intestinimonas, and Butyricimonas genera, which are related to BPH indicators. Among these, the altered abundance of Lactobacillus and Acetatifactor was associated with the promotion and inhibition of prostate apoptosis, respectively. Finasteride treatment altered the abundance of Barnesiella, Acetatifactor, Butyricimonas, Desulfovibrio, Anaerobacterium, and Robinsoniella genera, which are related to BPH indicators. Among these, altered abundances of Desulfovibrio and Acetatifactor were associated with the promotion and inhibition of prostate apoptosis, respectively. In addition, the abundances of Lactobacillus and Acetatifactor were normalized after finasteride treatment. In conclusion, the association between apoptosis and altered abundances of Lactobacillus and Acetatifactor, among other gut microbes, suggests their potential utility in the diagnosis, prevention, and treatment of BPH.

Combined Spermacoce radiata and Hypselodelphys poggeana Extract (CESH) Protect against Oxidative Stress and Enhances Haematological Parameters in Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia-induced Rats

This study investigated the therapeutic effect of a combined extract of Spermacoce radiata and Hypselodelphys poggeana (CESH) on oxidative markers and haematological parameters in benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) induced rats. The study adopted five groups containing equal numbers of rats (n = 6), including normal control, BPH control, Finasteride control, BPH-induced rats treated with 200 mg/kg CESH, and BPH-induced rats treated with 600 mg/kg CESH. The rats were induced BPH by the subcutaneous administration of a 5 mg/kg testosterone propionate injection. At the same time, treatment finasteride and CESH to the respective groups were given orally 60 minutes after the BPH induction for 28 uninterrupted days. The induction of BPH with testosterone propionate injection caused a significant reduction in the serum levels of haematological parameters, including haemoglobin (Hb), packed cell volume (PCV), red blood cells (RBC), and platelet counts of the BPH control compared with normal control. The glutathione (GSH) concentration, glutathione peroxidase (GPx), superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione S-transferase, and catalase activities decreased significantly in the BPH control relative to the normal control. The BPH control had elevated white blood cell (WBC), and malondialdehyde (MDA) concentrations contrary to the high WBC and MDA in the normal control and CESH treated BPH induced rats, respectively. Conversely, the Hb, PCV, platelet count, GPx, SOD, catalase, GST, and GSH increased significantly in the finasteride and CESH-treated BPH-induced rats, respectively, compared to the BPH control. These findings show that CESH attenuates adverse effects of BPH on antioxidant parameters and oxidative markers, which may prevent BPH progression.

Anti-BPH Activity of Polyherbal Formulation on Testosterone Induced Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia in Rats

Benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) is an enlargement of the prostate gland caused by progressive hyperplasia, or abnormal growth of cells of the glandular epithelial and stromal cells. Globally, it has been documented that more than 80% of men by the age of 80 will suffer from BPH. Most men are hesitant to undergo surgical interventions for fear of losing potency and the perception of other adverse side effects. Effectto® is a polyherbal formulation designed by Vasu Research Center to be used for the treatment of BPH. It can also be indicated that it can be used for lower urinary tract symptoms and bladder outlet obstruction. The formulation is expected to provide significant BPH relief. The present study was planned to evaluate the effect of a polyherbal formulation on testosterone- and citral-induced Prostatic Hyperplasia. The activity of the polyherbal formulation for BPH was evaluated using testosterone depot injection as the inducing agent in a testosterone-induced model and citral-induced model for the atypical type of BPH in rats. Also, the acute toxicity study was done using OECD 423 guidelines to check the toxicity of the test compound. Data are expressed as mean ± SD and statistical significance was evaluated using one way ANOVA followed by Tukey’s multiple comparison tests. The polyherbal formulation was found to be safe at oral doses of 2000 mg/kg. Effectto® significantly decreased the weight of the prostate in the testosterone model as well as the citral model in rats. The effect on biochemical markers like serum PSA and TNF-α was also seen in both the cases. In particular serum PSA, the decrease was majorly significant in both the models when XIII compared. The formulation was able to reverse the effect of inducing agents on the prostate’s size.

Attenuating potential of aluminum sulphate (alum) on testosterone propionate-induced benign prostatic hyperplasia in male Wistar rats

The effect of aluminum sulphate (alum) on Testosterone propionate (TP)-induced Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia (BPH) in male Wistar rats was studied. Eighty mature male Wistar rats, with an average weight of 210g, were randomly distributed into eight groups comprising ten rats. Group 1 received only food and water, while Groups 2, and 4 to 8 were given 3 mg/kg b.w of TP subcutaneously and Group 3 received only 25 % alum solution for 28 days. Thereafter, Groups 4 to 8 were treated with 10%, 20%, 25%, 30%, and 40% alum solution respectively while group 2 remained untreated for another 28 days. The animals were fed with standard rat chow and clean water ad libitum. Sperm morphology and characteristics were observed and measured. A variety of haematological and biochemical markers were assessed. Histopathology of the testes was examined. The volume (0.10 ± 0.00 ml) viability (68.33 ± 4.41 %), activity (41.25 ± 1.25 %), and sperm count (36.67 ± 3.33 ×106) were significantly decreased (p<0.05) in group 2 when compared with the respective values obtained in group 1. Treatment with different concentrations of Alum solution significantly (p<0.05) reversed abnormal sperm features observed in group 2. Superoxide dismutase (0.90 ± 0.01 U/L) was significantly increased (p<0.05) in group 2, but the values were restored to normal after treatment with varying concentrations of Alum solutions. Photomicrographs of the testis of group 2 rats revealed a distorted testis, however, there was a significant recovery after treatment which suggested that treatment with Alum reduces TP-induced BPH.

Anti-Inflammatory Potentials of Aqueous Soursop Pulp Extracts on Induced Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia in Adult Male Wistar Rats

Background: Benign Prostate Hyperplasia (BPH) is an age associated prostate gland enlargement in men that can lead to urination difficulty. The exact etiology of BPH is unknown. However, inflammation is a critical factor in the development of BPH. Soursop as a traditional medicine has anti-inflammatory properties. This study investigated the anti-inflammatory potentials of soursop pulp extracts on induced benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) in adult male wistar rats. Materials and methods: Twenty-four adult male rats grouped into five were used for the study. BPH was induced subcutaneously in the inguinal region with testosterone propionate 3mg/kg/day. Acute toxicity test was carried out to determine the safety of the extract. The rats in group A served as the control group. Rats in group B, C and D were administered 200mg, 400mg, and 600mg of aqueous soursop extract per kg body weight/day. Biochemical analyses of the protein specific antigen, albumin, white blood cell count, testosterone, and C-reactive protein were performed after the trial. Statistical analysis was done using SPSS version 23. Results: Aqueous soursop pulp extract significantly decreased (p<0.05) the protein specific antigen by 58.87%. The extract at 400mg resulted in a percentage decrease in white blood cell count by 35.37% and albumin by 31.23 %. The extract at 600mg significantly decreased the testosterone and C- Reactive Protein by 59.88% and 69.47% respectively. Conclusion: The inflammatory bio-markers (prostate specific antigen, albumin, white blood cell count, testosterone, and C-reactive protein) studied after treatment revealed that aqueous soursop pulp extract is promising in the management of benign prostate hyperplasia.

Comparative application of testosterone undecanoate and/or testosterone propionate in induction of benign prostatic hyperplasia in Wistar rats.

Testosterone undecanoate is a hormone agent with long-acting potential and is used for testosterone replacement therapy for hypogonadism. This study was designed to investigate application of testosterone undecanoate in maintaining high androgen levels for inducing benign prostatic hyperplasia more conveniently than that for testosterone propionate. We conducted two-part studies to determine the optimal dosage and dosing cycle for efficient and stable induction of benign prostatic hyperplasia using testosterone undecanoate. In the injection dosage substudy, single testosterone undecanoate dose (125, 250, 500, 750, or 1000 mg/kg body weight) was administered, and the optimal concentration was determined for 8weeks by measuring changes in testosterone, dihydrotestosterone, and 5-alpha reductase levels. And then, testosterone undecanoate was administered at the optimal dose at intervals of 1, 2, 3, or 4 weeks for 12weeks to induce benign prostatic hyperplasia. The injection dosage substudy showed dose-dependently higher and more stable levels of testosterone in groups administrated testosterone undecanoate than in groups administered testosterone propionate. In the injection cycle substudy, testosterone undecanoate-administered group stably maintained high levels of testosterone, dihydrotestosterone, and 5-alpha reductase compared with testosterone propionate-administered group for the same injection cycle; moreover, the prostate measurements, an important sign of benign prostatic hyperplasia, were significantly increased. Based on these two substudies, we determined the optimal conditions for inducing benign prostatic hyperplasia stably and more conveniently than that for testosterone propionate. This study suggests an extended application of testosterone undecanoate for inducing benign prostatic hyperplasia that can improve research reliability considering the half-life of testosterone as well as injection dosage and concentration.

Biochemical Characterization of the Pharmacological Effects of Yagari in Experimentally Induced Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia

AbstractBenign prostatic hyperplasia is a progressive pathologic condition common in ageing men, constituting a health burden. Benign prostatic hyperplasia is characterized by the proliferation of prostatic tissues, prostate enlargement, and lower urinary tract symptoms. The use of herbal medicine in the management and treatment of benign prostatic hyperplasia has shown some promise. The efficacy and potency of some polyherbal extracts have been scientifically proven in the management and treatment of diseases, while many others are yet to be investigated. The aim of this study was to determine the effect of the herbal mixture Yagari on experimentally induced benign prostatic hyperplasia in rats and to identify its pharmacologically active agents. The effect of the herbal mixture on experimentally induced benign prostatic hyperplasia in rats was determined using 36 male Wistar rats grouped randomly into 6 groups of 6 rats each. The test rats were treated subcutaneously using a combination of dihydrotestosterone and estradiol valerate in a 10:1 ratio for 28 days according to the standard method. The test rats were thereafter treated with the herbal mixture for 21 days. Prostate-specific antigen, inflammatory cytokines, assay of prostate function hormonal and prostate function enzyme activities, and kidney function test were evaluated in the blood samples collected by ocular puncture applying standard methods. Prostates were harvested and examined for histopathological changes. Biological activity-guided fractionation of Yagari in a silica gel column was carried out and using phospholipase A2 activity as a biomarker. The identity of the bioactive compounds was determined using mass spectroscopy and nuclear magnetic resonance. The herbal mixture showed a positive effect on prostatic hyperplasia by decreasing urinary obstruction through the inhibition of 5-alpha reductase, anti-inflammatory activity, and decreased level of sex hormones. Characterization by spectral studies revealed apigenin (4´,5,7-trihydroxyflavone, molecular weight).

Aescin Protects against Experimental Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia and Preserves Prostate Histomorphology in Rats via Suppression of Inflammatory Cytokines and COX-2.

Background: Benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) is the most common urogenital condition in aging males, while inflammation and tissue proliferation constitute the main pathophysiological factors. The adverse effects of currently available BPH medications limit patient compliance. We tested the protective effect of aescin against the development of BPH in rats. Methods: A total of 18 male Wistar rats were divided into 3 groups: control (sesame oil 1 mL/kg, s.c.); BPH (testosterone oenanthate 3 mg/kg, s.c., in sesame oil), and BPH-aescin rats (testosterone oenanthate 3 mg/kg, s.c. + aescin 10 mg/kg/day, p.o.). All treatments continued for 4 weeks. Serum and prostatic samples were harvested for biochemical and histopathological examination. Results: Induction of BPH by testosterone increased the prostate weight and prostate weight index, serum testosterone, prostate expression of inflammatory (IL-1β, TNF-α, and COX-2), and proliferative markers (PCNA and TGF-β1). Concurrent treatment with aescin decreased the testosterone-induced increase in prostatic IL-1β, TNF-α, and COX-2 expression by 47.9%, 71.2%, and 64.4%, respectively. Moreover, aescin reduced the prostatic proliferation markers TGF-β1 and PCNA by 58.3% and 71.9%, respectively, and normalized the prostate weight. Conclusion: The results of this study showed, for the first time, that aescin protected against the development of experimental BPH in rats via its anti-inflammatory and antiproliferative effects. These findings warrant further studies to clinically repurpose aescin in the management of BPH.

Anti-proliferative, Anti-angiogenic and Anti-inflammatory Effects of Moringa peregrina Leaf Extracts on Testosterone- Induced Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia in Rats.

Aim:To investigate the potential anti-inflammatory and biochemical effects of Moringa peregrina leaf extracts on testosterone-induced benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) in rats. Methods:Six groups of rats (each group included 5 rats) were included in this study. The groups included: 1) the control group, 2) the testosterone-induced BPH group, 3) with 50 mg/kg bwt (bodyweight) oil-treated BPH, 4) with 100 mg/kg bwt. oil-treated BPH, 5) with 500mg/kg bwt. ethanol treated BPH and 6) with 1,000 mg/kg bwt. aqueous treated BPH group. Biochemical markers were measured to evaluate the effect of M. peregrina leaf extracts.Results:Our results showed a significant improvement in the thickness of epithelial cells of the BPH glandular tissues when treated with different M. peregrina extracts (p < 0.05). In addition, M. peregrina extracts showed anti-inflammatory, anti-proliferative and anti-angiogenesis effects on the BPH tissues by reduction of IL-6, PCNA and VEGF-A, respectively. Conclusion:Our preclinical study concluded that M. peregrina leaf extracts showed a significant effect on BPH by reducing inflammation, proliferation, and angiogenic processes with no signs of toxicity.

Sphenostylis stenocarpa Seed Extract Attenuates Dyslipidemia in Testosterone Propionate-induced Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia in Rats.

Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia (BPH) is a prevalent disease among older men caused by abnormal proliferation of the prostatic cells. Findings indicate an association between dyslipidemia and BPH. This study aimed at evaluating the effect of ethanol extract of Sphenostylis stenocarpa seed on the lipid profile of rats with testosterone propionate-induced BPH. A total of 25 male Wistar rats randomized into five groups of five rats each were used. BPH was induced in the rats by subcutaneous injection of testosterone propionate in olive oil for 28 days. The test rats (after BPH induction) were treated with ethanol extract of the plant seed at doses of 200 and 400 mg kg-1 b.wt. The concentrations of total cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) and triacylglycerol were evaluated on the sera of the rats. The BPH control rats (model group) showed a significant (p<0.05) increase in concentrations of total cholesterol, LDL-C, triacylglycerol, with a significant decrease in HDL-C compared to the normal control. Oral administration of the seed extract to the rats significantly reversed these dyslipidemia indicators when compared to the model group. This study has shown that ethanol extract of S. stenocarpa seed ameliorated dyslipidemia in testosterone propionate-induced BPH in rats. This suggests that the plant seed may be useful in the prevention of cardiovascular disease.

Effect of Cassia fistula Hydroalcoholic Extract on Testosterone Induced Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia in Wistar Rats

Background and Purpose: Men of age 40 years and above are at risk of non-cancerous enlargement of the prostate gland also known as benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH). Adverse drug reactions and treatment relapse limit the effectiveness of orthodox pharmacotherapies. This study evaluated the effect of Cassia fistula hydroalcoholic extract on BPH.&#x0D; Methods: BPH was induced in Wistar rats by subcutaneous injection of 10 mg/kg/day of testosterone propionate (TP) for 7 days. The rats were randomly allotted to five groups: corn oil only; finasteride (FS) 5 mg/kg/day; and C. fistula extract at doses of 100, 200, and 400 mg/kg/day. A sixth group in which BPH was not induced received only the vehicle. At the end of 28 consecutive days of treatment, prostate and testicular weights and indices were evaluated. The in vitro antioxidant capacity of the extract was evaluated using the DPPH free radical scavenging method.&#x0D; Results: The extract showed a very strong free radical scavenging activity with IC50 value of 1.58 µg/mL (IC50 of gallic acid = 0.63 µg/mL) due to the presence of secondary metabolites. The results also showed significant (P?0.0001) reduction in the prostate weight, prostatic index, testes weight, and testes index of C. fistula extract-treated rats when compared with the untreated BPH group.&#x0D; Conclusion: These results suggest that C. fistula extract possesses potentials as a remedy for the treatment of BPH.

Histostereological Restorative and Inhibitory Effects of Crude Methanolic Bark Extract of Prunus Africanus on Testosterone-Induced Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia in Wistar Rats

Aim: To evaluate the histostereological effects of P. africanus on testosterone induced Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia (BPH) in Wistar rats.&#x0D; Place and Duration of Study: The study was carried out for six weeks in Jomo Kenyatta University of Agriculture and Technology.&#x0D; Methodology: A sample size of sixty Wistar were used as the experimental model and they were divided into two study groups of 30 rats in the restorative group and 30 rats in the inhibitory group. Each group was further categorized into 5 control and 25 experimental rats. The experimental rats were further subdivided into 5 sub-groups based on varying doses of the crude methanolic bark extract of P. africanus (0 mg, 25 mg, 50 mg, 125 mg, and 200 mg). BPH in experimental animal was induced by subcutaneous injection of testosterone propionate (7.5 mg/kg) for 10 days.&#x0D; Results: The findings of the study showed that the restorative group had a statistical significant (P&lt;0.05) ((dose dependent reduction of the prostate volume, the stromal and epithelium volume was observed. While in the inhibitory group a statistical significant (P&lt;0.05) dose-related inhibition, in the increase of the prostate volume, the stromal and epithelium volume was observed. In conclusion, the maximal restorative effect was observed to be up to 85.6% and at a dose of 200 mg, while the optimal inhibitory effects were observed to be between 66.7- 68.4% in the dose range of 100-200 mg/kg/body weight.&#x0D; Conclusion: Crude methanolic bark extract of P. africanus has both restorative.