Indoor Test Facility Research Articles

1308 解析モデルと実験同定モデルを組み合わせたタイヤモデルの開発(OS2-1:自動車のダイナミクス,OS2:交通・物流システムのダイナミクス,オーガナイズド・セッション(OS),第18回交通・物流部門大会(TRANSLOG2009))

This paper deals with a method of tire modeling for vehicle dynamics analysis. In recent year, we are used the empirical model in the field of vehicle dynamics to to perform more precise analysis. But it is very difficult to make the acculate tire model because it requires a large number of exprimental data and the huge indoor test facility. In this paper, we develop a new tire model combined the analytical model and the experimental model to reduce the experimental data. The characteristics of lateral force with camber angle calculated by this method is very similar as those of expelimental data.

Ball launch conditions for skilled golfers using drivers of different lengths in an indoor testing facility

The displacement of the golf ball struck by a driving club is affected by several player characteristics and equipment parameters and their interrelationships. Some modelling and simulation studies have shown a relationship between shaft length and clubhead speed, supported by a few experimental studies. The aim of the present study was to examine the relationship between driver length and ball launch conditions in an indoor test facility using a ball launch monitor. Nine males considered to be skilled golfers participated in the study. Four driving clubs of total length 117, 119, 124, and 132 cm were assembled from commercially available components and were used to strike golf shots while initial ball velocity, backspin rate, and launch angles were measured. Statistical analysis identified a significant difference in initial launch speed due to club length, a significant difference between participants, but no difference between the trials for a given golfer. A positive trend was noted between backspin and launch angle for all four clubs, and significant inverse associations between initial launch speed and backspin rate and launch angle. However, the combined launch conditions associated with increasing length were not considered optimal, with uncontrolled swingweight and moment of inertia effects considered to be limiting factors.

Development of Tire Force Model for Vehicle Dynamics Analysis Including the Effect of Tire Surface Temperature

The results of vehicle performance tests often vary depending on differences in the road surface temperature. It is believed that these changes can partially be attributed to the effect of tire surface temperature. The aim of this study is to develop a tire force model considering the dependence of tire surface temperature. The newly developed tire model is composed of two functions, the thermodynamic function that allows us to consider changes in the tire surface temperature and the force function that allows for the effects of tire surface temperature. The parameters of this model are identified using the measured data obtained with an indoor test facility. To prove the validity of the developed model, the surface temperature and the tire force values are predicted using this model. The simulation results agreed rather well with the experimental results.

Development of a tyre force model incorporating the influence of the tyre surface temperature

The results of vehicle performance tests often vary depending on the season or with differences in the road surface temperature. It is believed that these changes can partially be attributed to the effect of the tyre surface temperature. The aim of this study is to develop a tyre force model that incorporates the influence of the tyre surface temperature. The newly developed tyre force model incorporates a thermodynamic model that allows us to consider changes in the tyre surface temperature and a force model that allows for the effects of the tyre surface temperature. The tyre model parameters were identified using the results of an indoor test facility. The surface temperature and the force values predicted using this model agreed well with actual measurements, proving the validity of the developed model.

Experimental and Numerical Development of a Two-Phase Venturi Flow Meter

An algebraic model is developed access the gas and the liquid flow rates of a two-phase mixture through a Venturi tube. The flow meter operates with upward bubbly flows with low gas content, i.e., volumetric void fraction bellow 12%. The algebraic model parameters stem from numerical modeling and its output is checked against the experimental values. An indoor test facility operating with air-water and air-glycerin mixtures in a broad range of gas and liquid flow rates reproduces the upward bubbly flow through the Venturi tube. Measurements of gas and liquid flow rates plus the static pressure acroos the Venturi constitute the experimental database. The numerical flow modeling uses the isothermal, axis-symmetric with no phase change representation of the Two-Fluid model. The numerical output feeds the Venturi’s algebraic model with the proper constants and parameters embodying the two-phase flow physics. The novelty of this approach is the development of each flow meter model accordingly to its on characteristics. The flow predictions deviates less than 14% from experimental data while the mixture pipe Reynolds number spanned from 500 to 50,000.

1210 温度依存性を考慮した車両運動解析用タイヤモデルの開発

The results of vehicle performance tests often vary depending on differences in the road surface temperature. It is believed that these changes can partially be attributed to the effect of tire surface temperature. The aim of this study is to develop a tire force model considering the dependence of tire surface temperature. The newly developed tire model is composed of two functions, the thermodynamic function that allows us to consider changes in the tire surface temperature and the force function that allows for the effects of tire surface temperature. The parameters of this model are identified using the measured data obtained with an indoor test facility. To prove the validity of the developed model, the surface temperature and the tire force values are predicted using this model. The simulation results agreed rather well with the experimental results.

Dynamic evaluation of maximum power point tracking operation with PV array simulator

This paper presents an innovative method to measure the dynamic control ability of maximum power point tracking for PV inverters under the condition of irradiance fluctuation. The PV array I–V curve simulator is a kind of indoor testing facility and easy to be adopted by industries. Basic functions are given by a specially designed PV array I–V curve simulator composed of the active power load. Most of the parameters are controllable by sophisticated software with capability of treating a lot of 1-s data for a very long period of time. In this paper, detailed structure of the equipment is described and test examples are also given by using a commercial PV inverter.

Potential of Propane Flamers for Reduction of Apple Scab Primary Inoculum on Orchard Ground

The potential impact of propane flamers on the development and release of ascosporic inoculum of Venturia inaequalis (Cke.) Wint. from infected dead apple (Malus domestica Borkh.) leaves that overwintered on the soil of an experimental orchard was assessed. Thermal reduction of scab primary inoculum was first conducted under controlled conditions using an indoor testing facility. At the time of ascospore maturation, heavily infected leaves were submitted to temperature rises ranging from 150 to 200 °C with open-flame burners, thus reducing the number of ascospores subsequently released by 76% and 87%, respectively. During Spring 1995, thermal treatments of overwintered dead leaves were performed directly on the ground of an apple orchard with an experimental propane flamer design to generate uniform heat at ground level. Four thermal treatment strategies, involving two dates of flaming and two heat intensities, were tested. Flaming orchard ground, when performed in early May, before significant development of ground cover, reduced the number of ascopores released from infected dead leaves by half. A significant residual effect of the treatments on ascospore ejection was still observed 2 and 4 weeks after the treatments, thus indicating that ascospore maturation inside the leaves may be reduced by heat treatment. These results indicate potential for propane flamers to reduce apple scab primary inoculum in orchards.

Laboratory Tests of Buried Pipe Installation Procedures

Laboratory testing of buried pipe was conducted to evaluate the pipe-soil interactions that take place as pipes are backfilled. The program consisted of 25 tests with metal, plastic, or concrete pipe. In addition to pipe type, test variables included trench conditions, backfill material, compaction method, haunching effort, and bedding condition. The tests were conducted in an indoor test facility designed to allow for the installation of pipe in a realistic manner. Pipe and soil behavior were monitored during installation, and measurements included pipe deflections, pipe strain, pipe-soil interface pressures, soil density, soil strength, and horizontal soil stresses. Backfill was placed to at least 150 mm above the spring line to observe the effects in the important haunch zone. Ten of the tests were continued until the backfill was at least 300 mm over the pipe. The results indicated significant variations in pipe behavior because of installation practices. The wider trench produced greater upward deflections during sidefill compaction. The rammer compactor was the most effective means of achieving high backfill density and stiffness, forcing backfill into the haunch zone, and developing beneficial lateral soil stresses at the sides of the pipe. Installation in trenches with walls of soft materials results in lower lateral pressures and higher invert pressures on the pipe. The coarser-grained backfill material achieved suitable soil unit weight and stiffness with less compactive energy than the finer-grained material. The haunching effort provided improved pipe support in the lower haunch zone.

Laboratory Tests of Buried Pipe Installation Procedures

Laboratory testing of buried pipe was conducted to evaluate the pipe-soil interactions that take place as pipes are backfilled. The program consisted of 25 tests with metal, plastic, or concrete pipe. In addition to pipe type, test variables included trench conditions, backfill material, compaction method, haunching effort, and bedding condition. The tests were conducted in an indoor test facility designed to allow for the installation of pipe in a realistic manner. Pipe and soil behavior were monitored during installation, and measurements included pipe deflections, pipe strain, pipe-soil interface pressures, soil density, soil strength, and horizontal soil stresses. Backfill was placed to at least 150 mm above the spring line to observe the effects in the important haunch zone. Ten of the tests were continued until the backfill was at least 300 mm over the pipe. The results indicated significant variations in pipe behavior because of installation practices. The wider trench produced greater upward deflections during sidefill compaction. The rammer compactor was the most effective means of achieving high backfill density and stiffness, forcing backfill into the haunch zone, and developing beneficial lateral soil stresses at the sides of the pipe. Installation in trenches with walls of soft materials results in lower lateral pressures and higher invert pressures on the pipe. The coarser-grained backfill material achieved suitable soil unit weight and stiffness with less compactive energy than the finer-grained material. The haunching effort provided improved pipe support in the lower haunch zone.

Verified Accurate Performance Simulation Model of Direct Thermosyphon Solar Energy Water Heaters

A detailed analysis of the heat transfers and fluid flows within direct thermosyphonic solar energy water heaters has been undertaken. The collector energy equations were cast in a two-dimensional form in order that the heat transfer and thermal capacitance effects can be simulated accurately at the small flow rates encountered commonly in these buoyancy-driven systems. The use of an appropriate nonisothermal friction factor correlation when calculating energy losses in the collector’s riser pipes, produced predicted flow rates which were corroborated to within 2 percent by the values measured under steady flow conditions. For the laminar flow rates and the store configuration investigated, relaxation of the thermocline was shown to be dominated by axial conduction in the store walls. An indoor test facility, monitored and controlled by a microcomputer, enabled “real” operating conditions to be simulated. The predicted responses of the system to identical conditions showed good agreement with the corresponding experimental observations, the predicted heat delivery being within 2.8 percent of that measured.

Characterization of Tire Emissions Using an Indoor Test Facility

Abstract A tire emission facility has been built in which several tire-wear modes can be simulated while the gaseous, airborne particulate, and sedimentary particulate emissions are collected. The facility was shown to produce tire temperatures and wear rates typical of operating tires. This approach to tire-emission research has many advantages over previous attempts to study tire emissions. The emission rate of gases and airborne particulate matter was nearly independent of wear rate and accounted for only 1–20% of the total emissions. The balance of the emissions were large particles which would be expected to settle on or very close to roadways. Chemical analysis of these large particles showed that approximately 30% of the SBR is unvulcanized, compared to only 1–2% in the tread. The total organic content of the particles was unchanged. This degradation of the rubber leads to enhanced oxygen absorption rates. However, the full significance of the increased rate of oxidation is not known.

Electroacoustic modeling of magnetostrictive shells and rings

The mathematical model of the electroacoustic performance of a force-driven free-flooding magnetostrictive cylinder shell used as an underwater sound transducer, originally presented at the 86th Meeting of the Acoustical Society of America in 1973 [J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 55, 471(A) (1974)] and later developed in NRL Report 7767 (Dec. 1974), has been coded into a computer program called EIGSHIP. This program is designed to predict electrical and mechanical impedances of the loaded shell, transmitting responses, electroacoustic efficiency, surface velocities, farfield beam patterns, and other relevant performance parameters. An experimental check on the predictive capabilities of EIGSHIP was undertaken using three specially constructed magnetostrictive shells which were tested under water load conditions in an indoor test facility. A discussion of the comparison of predicted and measured performance is presented. Also samples of typical computer runs are displayed and commented on.