Previous studies on improving indoor thermal environments focus on plain areas. However, the scattered rural residences in highland pastoral areas have special climatic conditions and living habits. This article presents an approach to utilize the abundant renewable energy in the local area to create an indoor thermal environment that residents need. A rural village in Qinghai province of China was taken as the target; we used field investigation and questionnaire survey to explore typical layout. Combined with local building codes, two envelope and two heating systems were proposed to achieve indoor thermal comfort. We also introduce building simulation models and field tests to discover four combinations’ energy-saving effects in maintaining indoor thermal comfort. The average energy-saving rate in the heating season of the four schemes is 89.31%, and the mean temperature is 16.64 °C. The results suggest the heating system has a more significant influence on energy consumption than the enclosure structure, which needs attention under the same budget situation. The solar air heating system has better indoor temperature maintenance effects than the carbon fiber floor heating system. Regarding construction, the prefabricated integrated enclosure structures improve thermal insulation performance significantly.