Indonesian Population Research Articles

Validity and reliability testing of the Shatri Sinulingga psychosomatic test (SSPT) questionnaire as a screening instrument for psychosomatic disorders in Indonesia

The incidence of psychosomatic disorders is increasing in Indonesia, and therefore screening instruments that are culturally appropriate for the Indonesian population are needed. The aim of this study was to assess the validity and reliability of the Shatri Sinulingga psychosomatic test (SSPT) questionnaire as a screening instrument for psychosomatic disorders in Indonesia. An analytic descriptive cross-sectional study divided into two stages (questionnaire formulation and distribution through the Psikosom.id application) was conducted in 2023. The validity test was carried out using the product moment technique, and Cronbach's alpha assessment was carried out to evaluate the reliability of the questionnaire. A total of 372 participants were included, with a mean age of 39.24 years old. The SSPT questionnaire scores had strong correlations with the scores of hospital anxiety and depression scale (HADS) (r=0.668; p<0.001) and the Symptom Checklist-90 (SCL-90) (r=0.674; p<0.001); and moderately correlated with the score of fatigue severity scale (FSS) (r=0.505; p<0.001) and Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) (r=0.492; p<0.001). The correlation coefficient (r) value of each SSPT question ranged from 0.389–0.726, and all r higher than r table with an overall Cronbach’s alpha of 0.744. The SSPT questionnaire's strong predictive performance: had a sensitivity of 75.6% and specificity of 71.4% with an area under the curve (AUC) of 81% (95%CI: 76.6–85.4%; p<0.001) to HADS; sensitivity of 80% and specificity of 58.6% with an AUC of 75.1% (95%CI: 70–80.2%; p<0.001) to FSS; sensitivity of 64% and specificity of 67.5% with an AUC of 71.2% (95%CI: 65.4–77%; p<0.001) to PSQI; and had sensitivity of 78% and specificity of 67.4% with an AUC of 80.9% (95%CI: 76.6–85.3%; p<0.001) to SCL-90. The study highlights that the SSPT questionnaire is valid and reliable to be used as a screening instrument for psychosomatic disorders in Indonesia.

Logistic Regression Model on Nutritional Status Based on Body Mass Index (BMI) in Women of Reproductive Age (WRA) in Indonesia

The aggregate analysis of Riskesdas data in Indonesia revealed that nearly all provinces face a serious double burden of malnutrition. Both undernutrition and overnutrition negatively affect the quality of human resources, especially when they occur in adolescent girls, Women of Reproductive Age (WRA), and pregnant and breastfeeding women, as this can lead to intergenerational nutritional problems. Body Mass Index (BMI) is a nutritional status measurement technique recommended by WHO. Nutritional problems occur when BMI is abnormal or not ideal, categorized as underweight (<18.5 kg/m²), pre-obesity (25-29.9 kg/m²), obesity class I (30-34.9 kg/m²), obesity class II (35-39.9 kg/m²), and obesity class III (>40 kg/m²). Data from laboratory results completed up to 2017, based on selected samples from the 2013 Basic Health Research (Riskesdas), were used to assess the nutritional status of the Indonesian population. This study used 9,418 respondent data samples from 33 provinces in Indonesia. Logistic regression analysis was applied because the response variable in this study is binary, representing ideal BMI (1) and non-ideal BMI (0). The independent variables used in this study include Hemoglobin level, Ferritin level, CRP level, age group, physical activity, living location, marital status, education, and risky food consumption patterns. All independent variables are categorical. The study found that the factors influencing nutritional status based on BMI in WRA are Hemoglobin level, Ferritin level, CRP level, age, and location. The resulting logit model is logit (π)=0.27695-0.1491 (Non-anemic Hemoglobin level)-0.1721 (Normal Ferritin level)+0.741 (Non-infectious CRP level)-0.2933 (Adult age group)-0.0976 (rural location). logit (π)=0.27695-0.1491 (Non-anemic Hemoglobin level)-0.1721 (Normal Ferritin level)+0.741 (Non-infectious CRP level)-0.2933 (Adult age group)-0.0976 (rural location). The largest odds ratio The largest odds ratio was produced by the CRP level variable, indicating that CRP level is the most influential factor affecting nutritional status based on BMI in WRA, where non infectious CRP compared to infectious CRP increases the likelihood of WRA having an ideal BMI.

Strategi Pengelolaan Kelas yang Efektif dalam Meningkatkan Disiplin Belajar Siswa

Education data according to sources from Databoks states that the Indonesian population with a high school education of 15 years or more reaches 30.22%, while junior high school reaches 22.74%, and elementary school reaches 24.62%. It is very unfortunate that with a very large population, the majority of Indonesians have very little education. Of 12 countries in Asia, Indonesia's education quality is in 12th place, with Vietnam at the bottom, according to a survey conducted by the Political and Economic Risk Consultant (PERC). Data collected by the Swedish World Economic Forum in 2000 showed that Indonesia only ranked 37th out of 57 countries surveyed. In addition, an education quality survey conducted by the same organization in Indonesia shows that Indonesia is only considered a follower rather than a technology leader in 53 countries in the world. This research uses a qualitative descriptive research method by emphasizing literature study or literature study in analyzing variables that are relevant to the discussion in the research. The results of this research show that the low quality of education in Indonesia is caused by the learning process, especially in classroom management. Basically, classroom management is very important so that students can understand learning comfortably because of supportive classroom conditions. There are several strategies obtained in this research, namely planning and implementing class rules, using inclusive teaching techniques and approaches, and developing positive relationships and emotional support for students.

Integrated Defense: Combining Aspects of Social Media, Cyber and Technology in the Context of Asymmetric Warfare

Integrated defense is a core component of Indonesia's defense and security strategy, designed to protect the country's sovereignty, territorial integrity, and national safety from both physical and non-physical threats, especially cyber threats. With the rapid technological advancements and the rise of social media, cyber threats have become a significant concern as they impact various aspects of national security. Indonesia's large population of internet and social media users heightens the urgency for strategic attention to cyber defense. The government has introduced various policies and regulations, such as those by the Ministry of Defense, to strengthen cyber security and integrate it into national defense mechanisms. This study uses a qualitative descriptive approach, analyzing literature and legal frameworks to highlight the significance of integrated defense in addressing modern, asymmetric threats. In asymmetric warfare, non-military means, including cyber-attacks, are used to weaken a nation's ideological, political, economic, and social systems. The research emphasizes the need for a comprehensive and adaptive strategy, involving collaboration between the government, private sector, and civil society, to counter these complex threats. Strengthening cyber defense through education, training, and public awareness is crucial for safeguarding Indonesia's national security in the digital age.

Exploring the efficacy of al-hijamah (wet cupping) in managing hypertension and dyslipidemia among indonesian population: a meta-analysis

Background: In Indonesia, wet cupping therapy has been thoroughly investigated as a treatment for hypertension and dyslipidemia. Nevertheless, the outcomes across these studies are contradictory. Objectives: To appraise the effectiveness of wet cupping therapy in the management of hypertension and dyslipidemia among the Indonesian population. Methods: We examined papers sourced from Google Scholar, the Indonesian Scientific Journal Database, and Garba Rujukan Digital until September 5, 2020. These papers investigated blood pressure and lipid profile levels both pre- and post-wet cupping treatment. The collective data underwent Z-test analysis to assess associations. Results: In total, we included 26 papers examining the correlation between wet cupping therapy and blood pressure, as well as 16 papers assessing lipid profile levels. Our combined analysis revealed significantly reduced systolic blood pressure (MD: 13.86; 95% CI: 10.01, 17.71), diastolic blood pressure (MD: 6.31; 95% CI: 3.84, 8.79), and lower total cholesterol levels (MD: 21.56; 95% CI: 10.32, 32.80]) in the post-treatment group compared to the pre-treatment group. However, we were unable to elucidate the impact of wet cupping therapy on the concentrations of low-density lipoprotein and triglyceride. Conclusions: Wet cupping therapy exhibits potential efficacy in reducing blood pressure and total cholesterol levels among individuals in Indonesia. Keyword: blood pressure, dyslipidemia, hypertension, lipid profile, wet cupping therapy

Pengaruh Financial Tecnology terhadap Manajemen Keuangan Generasi Z

This research discusses the influence of financial technology (Fintech) on the financial management of Generation Z, a generation that is familiar with digitalization and has a consumptive lifestyle. Generation Z, which accounts for around 27.94% of Indonesia's population, exhibits financial behaviors that tend to be more concerned with wants than needs. Through a literature review, this research explores how Fintech affects Generation Z's financial behavior, including the challenges that arise, such as shopping addiction and debt risk. Fintech offers easy access to financial services, such as digital payments, investments and online lending, allowing Generation Z to manage their finances more flexibly. However, their low financial literacy may result in suboptimal financial management. This study highlights the importance of financial literacy as a key factor to help Generation Z achieve sustainable financial well-being and respond to the challenges of Fintech development in the digital era

Indonesian WAIS-IV Cultural Research.

This study examined regional differences between Indonesians on the Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale-IV Indonesia (WAIS-IV ID) and, in comparison, to the US. Three hypotheses were examined: a) Java will demonstrate stronger WAIS-IV ID performances than non-Java (NJ) samples. b) WAIS-IV ID performances will be correlated with educational attainment. c) Indonesians with higher levels of education will perform comparably to US samples. The WAIS-IV was translated into Bahasa Indonesia and administered to a convenience sample representative of the Indonesian population breakdown by island. Comparisons between Java and NJ samples were analyzed by analyses of covariance controlling for education attainment. Comparisons between the Indonesian and US samples were analyzed by one sample t-tests. The Java sample performed significantly higher than the NJ sample. Performances for the Java but not the NJ sample significantly correlated with educational attainment. Indonesians performed significantly lower than the US on 19/20 WAIS-IV ID subtests measures. However, the Java sample demonstrated comparable performances with the US with both countries scoring significantly higher than the other on select subtests and indexes. The Java sample demonstrated lower performances for older age cohorts with increasingly stronger scores across younger age cohorts. This pattern was paralleled by increases in educational attainment. All hypotheses were supported except for correlations between educational attainment and WAIS-IV ID performances which was significant for the Java sample but not the NJ sample. Findings were interpreted within the context of economics and educational attainment and quality.

The Actualization of Civic Education as a Solid Foundation for Youth in Countering Secularism

Civic Education holds significant importance as a scientific field in cultivating the moral values of the Indonesian population and shaping the future image of the country. In the present era, there is an urgent need for Civic Education among the Indonesian people, particularly the youth, to establish a solid national foundation and develop noble character traits that will protect them from the influence of secularism pervading society. Secularism is viewed as a formidable adversary to the Indonesian people, and it is crucial to prevent the younger generation from embracing such ideas within the boundaries of the Indonesian state. This article adopts a literature review approach, incorporating articles from various credible sources such as SAGE Journal, Google Scholar, and relevant books, in order to enhance the credibility and accuracy of the research findings. The outcomes of this study will comprehensively illustrate the implementation of Civic Education as a means to empower youth in firmly opposing the spread of secularism in Indonesia. The role of youth in shaping the nation's civilization is of utmost significance, as they serve as the vanguard in safeguarding against the encroachment of secularism and strive towards realizing the national ideals of independence, unity, sovereignty, justice, and prosperity

Using Support Vector Machines for Predicting and Mitigating Stunting in Early Childhood Education in Rural Semarang

In 2030, 70% of Indonesia's population will be of productive age (15-64 years), which is a demographic bonus. However, this potential is threatened by the high rate of stunting in children, which threatens future workforce productivity. Early identification of stunting risk is essential for timely intervention. This study develops a stunting prediction model using machine learning with data from early childhood education institutions in rural Semarang. The model used is a Support Vector Machine (SVM) implemented through the RapidMiner framework. The SVM model achieved an accuracy of 97.56%, a precision of 98.97%, a recall of 97.37%, and an AUC of 0.997. The results of the SVM model highlight the importance of physical motor skills and artistic development.

Factors Related to the Consumption of Sugar-Sweetened Beverages (SSBs) Among High School Students at SMA Negeri 68 Jakarta in 2024

Indonesia ranked third in Southeast Asia for Sugar-Sweetened Beverages (SSBs) consumption in 2022, with a consumption rate of 20.23 liters/person/year. According to Riskesdas in 2018, 61.3% of the Indonesian population consumed more than once a day and 47.5% in 2023. This study aims to understand the patterns and levels of SSB consumption among various factors in students of SMA Negeri 68 Jakarta in 2024. This cross-sectional study was conducted from April to May 2024 with 134 respondents using questionnaires and interviews for 24-hour food recall and SQ-FFQ. Univariate analysis showed that 12.69% of respondents had high SSB consumption. Bivariate analysis indicated a significant relationship between the availability of SSBs at home (p-value = <0.001; OR = 20.000) and peer influence (p-value = 0.018; OR = 4.588) with SSB consumption. After knowing the research results, it is hoped that students can realize the importance of limiting SSB consumption and spread awareness to their immediate environment, while families are advised to limit the availability of SSBs at home by reading nutritional labels before purchasing, understanding the impacts of sugary drinks, and learning the latest facts about sugary drinks.

HUBUNGAN INTENSITAS PENGGUNAAN GAWAI DENGAN KUALITAS TIDUR PADA REMAJA DI SMP N 1 NGAWEN

Background: According to APJII (Association of Indonesian Internet Providers) found that the number of Internet users in Indonesia is 143.26 million people or around 54.68% of the total Indonesian population of 256.2 million people (Risna, 2021). Objective: This study aims to determine the relationship between the intensity of device use and sleep quality in adolescents at SMP N 1 Ngawen. Research Methods: This research is a quantitative correlational type with a cross sectional approach. The population of this study were all students of SMP N 1 Ngawen totaling 762 students. The sampling technique used puposive sampling. The instruments used were the Use of Gadgets questionnaire and the PSQI (Pittsburg Sleep Quality Index) Questionnaire. Data were analyzed using Spearman Rank. Results: The characteristics of respondents in this study were the majority of 14 years old (41.0%), female gender (48.0%), male gender (52.0%), the majority of high device usage (87%), and the majority of poor sleep quality (96%). Spearman rank obtained a value of 0.000 (p < 0.0005). Conclusion: There is a relationship between the intensity of gadget use and sleep quality in adolescents at SMP N 1 Ngawen.

The role of the Ki-67 labelling index as an independent prognostic factor in indonesian glioma patients.

Gliomas are the most common type of brain tumor. However, interpreting glioma morphology is subjective, and identifying mitosis can be challenging. This can impact the determination of the patient's tumor grade, therapy, and prognosis. In addition, the Ki-67 expression level, which reflects the tumor cells' ability to proliferate, is closely related to the patient's survival. This study aims to find a correlation between Ki-67 expression and the overall survival (OS) of glioma patients in the Indonesian population. Ninety-one glioma patients from Sardjito General Hospital were collected for formalin-fixed embedded paraffin (FFPE) samples, and the Ki-67 labeling index (LI) was calculated by determining the percentage of labeled nuclei per 1000 cells using a 40x objective lens in a randomized area (average method). The OS was calculated from the day of pathology diagnosis until death or the last follow-up (for censored cases). Kaplan-Meier survival analysis was used to analyze the OS. Individuals aged ≥60 with high-grade tumors, infratentorial gliomas, and a Ki-67 LI ≥10% had a shorter OS. The p-values associated with these factors were 0.001, 0.018, and 0.006, respectively. In multivariate analysis, age and tumor grade did not significantly correlate with OS. Glioma patients with a Ki-67 LI ≥10% have a significantly shorter OS than those with a lower Ki-67 LI, indicating that Ki-67 LI is an independent prognostic factor in Indonesian glioma patients.

The Effect Of Advertising Attractiveness, Influencer Marketing, And Online Customer Review On Smartphone Purchasing Decisions For Generation Z In Surabaya

The usage of smartphones in Indonesia has continuously increased. In 2018, 56.2% of the Indonesian population used smartphones. One of the prominent market leaders is Samsung smartphones, which rank second with the largest market share in Indonesia at 20.99%. Indonesia is predominantly comprised of generation Z, accounting for approximately 27.94% of the total population. The role of digital marketing is highly significant in the decision-making process for smartphone purchases among generation Z. This study aims to determine the influence of Advertising Attractiveness, Influencer Marketing, and Online Customer Review on the purchasing decisions of smartphones by generation Z in Surabaya. This research uses a quantitative research approach. The study population consists of generation Z in Surabaya. The sampling technique employed is purposive sampling. The sample criteria include generation Z aged 15-29 years in Surabaya who have purchased a Samsung smartphone at least once, with a total sample size of 315 respondents. Data collection was conducted by distributing questionnaires to respondents through Google Forms. The research method involves multiple linear regression analysis using the SPSS program. The research results indicate that the significance value for all variables is 0.000 (< 0.05), leading to the conclusion that Advertising Attractiveness, Influencer Marketing, and Online Customer Review have a positive and significant influence on the smartphones purchasing decisions by generation Z in Surabaya.

MODELING HYPERTENSION DISEASE RISK IN INDONESIA USING MULTIVARIATE ADAPTIVE REGRESSION SPLINE AND BINARY LOGISTIC REGRESSION APPROACHES

In the pursuit of the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), health-related challenges, especially hypertension, remain a significant global issue. The third goal of the SDGs aims to improve the quality of life and well-being of all individuals, but hypertension is a serious problem that can hinder these goals. Often referred to as the "silent killer" by the World Health Organization (WHO), hypertension is exacerbated by low awareness. Globally, more than 1.28 billion adults suffer from hypertension, with most cases in lower to middle-income countries, including Indonesia. Indonesia has an alarming rate of hypertension incidence, ranking fifth highest in the world. Riset Kesehatan Dasar (Riskesdas) 2023 and the Indonesia Family Life Survey (IFLS) are critical for understanding hypertension risk factors in Indonesia. The IFLS data, obtained from www.rand.org, includes observations from October 2014 to April 2015, totalling 85 observations. Despite being over 10 years old, this dataset was selected because it remains the most recent comprehensive data available from RAND, representing 83% of the Indonesian population. The IFLS is conducted every 7-8 years, with the next wave of data expected soon. Most studies on hypertension globally and in Indonesia use parametric regression methods. However, a research gap exists as no studies have used Multivariate Adaptive Regression Splines (MARS) on IFLS data to analyze hypertension risk factors. This study addresses this gap by comparing binary logit regression and MARS. The analysis shows the Apparent Error Rate (APPER) for MARS is 84.706%, while for binary logistic regression it is 80%, indicating MARS is better at classifying hypertension data in Indonesia. Using MARS offers a novel approach to understanding hypertension risk factors in Indonesia. Despite the data's age, it remains relevant as primary causes and risk factors for hypertension have not changed, making the findings valuable for current health policy and strategies.

Socialization, cultivation, and utilization of empty land for family medicinal plants

The prevalence of illness complaints among the Indonesian population is 228.15 percent, with 65.01 percent opting for self-treatment using synthetic drugs, while 38.30 percent prefer traditional medicine. The use of traditional medicines in communities, including in Katimbang Village, remains significantly lower compared to synthetic alternatives. A comprehensive strategy is needed to enhance public knowledge and understanding of how to obtain and utilize traditional medicine from medicinal plants found around the home. This socialization and cultivation activity was conducted at Integrated Service Post (Posyandu) RW 04, Katimbang Village, involving 21 community members. The event included a socialization session on family medicinal plants, pre- and post-tests, QA discussions, and the planting of 50 medicinal plant seeds, with participation from students and local residents. Statistical tests revealed the success of this intervention in improving participants' understanding of medicinal plants, with an average pre-test score of 8.4762 increasing to 8.6190 in the post-test. More than 50 percent of participants scored ≥80 in the post-test. The success of this outreach and planting activity provides a strong foundation for further increasing public awareness of the use of medicinal plants as complementary treatments for various illnesses.

Implementation of Zakat Distribution by BAZNAS of Jambi City

Zakat, a pillar of Islam, serves as a crucial wealth distribution mechanism aimed at reducing socio-economic inequalities. With Indonesia's vast Muslim population, the potential of zakat is significant, yet its impact relies heavily on effective management and distribution. This study explores the implementation of zakat distribution by BAZNAS of Jambi City, focusing on its processes, effectiveness, challenges, and proposed solutions. This research utilizes a qualitative case study approach, involving BAZNAS administrators, field officers, and zakat recipients (mustahik) to gain insights into the zakat distribution in Jambi City. The findings reveal that BAZNAS Jambi City has developed a structured zakat distribution system, encompassing mustahik data collection, verification, and fund allocation. The BAZNAS Jambi City categorizes zakat distribution into consumptive, productive, and special programs, each with specific targets. However, challenges such as limited human resources, budget constraints, and a lack of continuous assistance in productive zakat programs were identified, impacting the long-term benefits for mustahik. Despite these challenges, BAZNAS Jambi City has made efforts to improve the distribution process, including the creation of Zakat Collection Units and seeking the issuance of local regulations to ensure consistent zakat collection. The study concludes that while BAZNAS Jambi City's zakat distribution has made strides in improving community welfare, there is a need for enhanced mentoring and innovation to maximize the impact of productive zakat programs. The research provides valuable recommendations for BAZNAS and other regions to refine their zakat distribution strategies, ultimately contributing to poverty alleviation and economic empowerment.

HUBUNGAN AIR SUSU IBU EKSKLUSIF DENGAN JUMLAH GIGI SUSU BAYI USIA 6-12 BULAN DI WILAYAH KERJA PUSKESMAS BOTANIA KOTA BATAM

Background: The incidence of delayed growth and development of bones and teeth, as well as abnormalities in bone and teeth among the Indonesian population, is quite high. The growth of baby teeth provides an indication of infant nutrition, as sufficient nutrition influences the acceleration of baby teeth growth. Thus, essential nutrients for overall metabolism, foods with high-quality protein and calcium concentration, have a linear relationship with the growth and development of bones and teeth. Methods: : The study employed an analytical observational research design with a cross-sectional approach. The population consisted of 486 infants aged 6-12 months from the Botania Community Health Center. Sample selection utilized Simple Random Sampling with a minimum total sample of 78. Data were analyzed using the Chi-Square Test. Results: There was a significant relationship between Exclusive Breastfeeding and the Number of Baby Teeth Aged 6-12 Months at the Botania Community Health Center, with a obtained p-value of 0.024 < 0.05. Conclusion: Based on the research findings, it is concluded that there is a significant relationship between the Number of Baby Teeth Aged 6-12 Months in the working area of Botania Community Health Center, Batam City, in 2023, with a p-value of 0.024. Keywords: Exclusive Breastfeeding, Infants aged 6-12 months, Baby Teeth

Exonic mutations of POU class 1 homeobox 1 are associated with milk pH in high-producing Holstein Friesian cows

Background and Aim: Milk physicochemical properties play essential role in the milk processing industry, which are moderately to highly affected by genetic factors. This study aimed to evaluate the association between single nucleotide polymorphisms in POU class 1 homeobox 1 (POU1F1) and the physicochemical properties of milk in high-producing Holstein Friesian (HF) cows. Materials and Methods: A total of 149 high-producing dairy cows from PT Ultra Peternakan Bandung Selatan was included in this study. The physicochemical properties of milk, including density, freezing point, pH, lactose, solid non-fat, protein, and ash content, were determined. Moreover, three polymorphisms within the exon regions of POU1F1 (c.195G>A, c.300G>T, and c.828G>A) were analyzed using polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism. The association between these polymorphisms and the physicochemical properties of milk was determined using a mixed-effects model analysis, in which the lactation period was used as a covariate. Results: This study found that two polymorphisms, c.195G>A and c.828G>A, significantly affected the pH of fresh milk. Cows with both the GG genotypes c.195G>A and c.828G>A had lower milk pH values than those with the other genotypes. In addition, a non-significant effect of POU1F1 was observed on the other physicochemical properties of milk. Conclusion: Two POU1F1 polymorphisms determined the pH of fresh milk in the Indonesian HF population. These are potential marker candidates for milk pH that directly affect the development of dairy products in the milk processing industry. Keywords: exonic mutation, Holstein Friesian, milk pH, physicochemical properties, POU1F1.

A EVALUASI KINERJA CWDM 8 CHANNEL DENGAN VARIASI PANJANG GELOMBANG: FOKUS POWER LINK BUDGET, SNR DAN BER

The need for internet connection continues to grow and is the main priority of the Indonesian population. The use of fiber optic as a transmission system aims to increase data transfer speed and is resistant to interference. The use of CWDM technology can overcome high traffic volumes by dividing the wavelength. PT. Surya Citra Media has a network that connects the SCTV tower office with the IVM office in Daan Mogot. This study examines the performance of the CWDM fiber optic network link SCTV Tower - IVM Daan Mogot. The CWDM used has a capacity of 8 channels with a wavelength of 1310nm to 1450nm with a channel spacing of 20nm. This study was conducted to evaluate the 8-channel CWDM fiber optic network through performance measurements. The performance of the fiber optic network is focused on the parameters of the power link budget, SNR and BER. The results showed a power link budget of -9.407 dB and an SNR value with the smallest value of 37.0864 and the largest of 37.6150 dB. While the BER value ranges from 10-10 to 10-11. So that the network can be declared feasible based on the evaluation results.

The Role of Social Cognitive Perspective on Investment Intentions in Sharia Stocks in Indonesia

The majority of Indonesia's population recorded in 2024 will be Muslims, reaching 85% with a figure of 263 million out of a total population of more than 278 million people. However, the level of public investment in shares is still low, especially in sharia shares. The aim of this research is to examine the impact of attitudes, social influence, and self-confidence on Indonesian investors' intentions to invest in sharia shares. This will be achieved by exploring further with Social Cognitive Theory. This research uses a quantitative methodology which is used to collect data from a minimum sample size of 85 respondents. This research was conducted by giving questionnaires to investors who have knowledge about sharia shares in Indonesia. The expected result of this research is to increase understanding of the determining factors that influence investment intentions in sharia shares. Therefore, this research is expected to provide a significant contribution to policy makers in their efforts to increase the number of investors in Islamic stocks.