Participation In Indonesia Research Articles

Impact of Economic Growth on Human Capital, Work Participation, and Emission Reductions: Case Study in Indonesia

Investments are influenced by the level of education and work participation in Indonesia; this happens the same with Human Capital. The importance of human capital and investment can have an impact on economic growth and emission reductions. Based on the results of previous studies, the demand for studies on economic growth, human capital, labor participation, and emission reductions is increasing. To determine the causal link between variables, this study used "autoregressive vectors" modeling across 21 years from 2000 to 2020. World Bank’s data with the Kementerian Lingkungan Hidup dan Kehutanan are the foundation of this study (KLHK). We take into account Indonesia's economic development, labor force participation, investment, level of education, and emission reductions. Based on some conclusions from this research, we found that increased economic growth will also result in higher labor participation rates. Still, it will also result in a drop in Indonesia's investment climate, which will raise emissions while simultaneously encouraging higher levels of education. As investment declines, labor participation will rise as well. Future research should attempt to associate total investment with the level of labor participation in Indonesia because this study has a flaw in that it only considers "foreign investment", and not the whole amount of investment.

Policy evaluation of PT. Pindad in fulfilling the need for weapons and ammunition of the Army in the 2019-2022 period

The problem studied in this study is the fulfillment of the needs for weapons and ammunition for the TNI AD at PT Pindad, the purpose of writing this article is to find out what weapons and ammunition products are capable of being produced and the level of productivity in producing these products to support the needs of the TNI AD. Indonesia's participation, especially the TNI AD, in the ASEAN Armies Rifle Meet (AARM) competition which was held from 1991 to 2019 has recorded Indonesia as Champion 13 times. This can be interpreted that Indonesia is trying to maintain its championship position of 46.43% of the total championships that are participated in, in this case it is clear that PT Pindad's domestic products are able to compete internationally. The direction of PT PINDAD's policy in fulfilling the need for weapons and ammunition, especially for the Indonesian Army, is carried out on the basis of the concept of capability-based defense by considering possible threats to be faced and trends in the development of the strategic environment, its implementation is directed towards achieving Minimum Essential Force (MEF) strength. This research was conducted using a qualitative approach. Data were obtained through practical interviews with several sources. In addition, secondary data was obtained from search results from books, journals, official documents, official websites and other reliable sources. The result of the research is to find out the policies implemented by PT Pindad in meeting the needs of the TNI AD weapons and ammunition, especially if it is supported by policies and commitments that are in line with the TNI to meet the needs of the TNI AD weapons and ammunition.

A Restorative Justice System in Indonesia: A Close View from the Indigenous Peoples’ Practices

The Indonesiancrime rate until May 2020 increased due to public orders and crime disturbances in the last 22 weeks.Data from correctional institutions in February 2021 showed that some regional offices were over capacity while others were normal. The 1945 IndonesianConstitution recognises traditional institutions in the criminal justice system and requires judges to consider legal values and a sense of justice in society. This study aims to determine Indonesia's customary criminal justice system as a form of restorative justice. This research used a socio-legal approach and found that public participation in Indonesia, through customary groups, can help prevent crime and solve problems through discussion and following applicable customary law processes. As a result, Indonesian researchers have regulated and recognised customary justice's existence and implemented it to deal with cases in their environment. Restorative justice is a criminal mechanism that aims to restore the relationship of the conflicting parties to the state before the conflict and is carried out informally. This concept is also an acknowledgement of oriental legal philosophy which, in resolving any conflict, always seeks to restore relations; macro stability or society can even affect the stability of the universe. The practice of Restorative Justice occurs in customary law. As a legal philosophy, the legal policy of implementing Restorative justice should be interpreted mainly as revitalising customary law if conflicts occur between fellow supporters of the same customary law. The settlement of cases in the Baduy community is straightforward. The settlement prioritises forgiving each other. Restorative justice is performed by combining criminal justice mechanisms with public participation in a discussion mediation.

Investigating the Role of Education in Stability of Work Participation in Economic Shocks from the Asian Financial Crisis to the Covid 19 Pandemic in Indonesia

Purpose: The objective of this study was to investigate some connection between population, education, and work participation in Indonesia on the economic shock of the world monetary disaster, Asian financial crisis, Europe's budget deficit, and COVID-19. Theoretical framework: In the theory of modern economic growth which was developed from the classical economic theory of Adam Smith, it is explained that education is one of the determinants of economic growth that increases human work performance and increases employment (Ucak, 2015). Research from Adirosa (2021) states that classical theory is still relevant as a basis for understanding economic phenomena. Design/methodology/approach: To see the role of education in employment and in this study is work participation in times of economic shock, an autoregression behavior analysis was used. Findings: We found that the COVID-19 pandemic-related economic shocks on work participation in Indonesia were greater than the economic shocks in the previous period. Education was able to anticipate work participation shocks due to economic shocks. Research, Practical & Social implications: Our findings affirms that economic shocks affect work participation and behavior changes of the educational-population-growth connection on work participation. Originality/value: The results indicate that education is a key component in dealing with future economic shocks, particularly those of a major reduction in labor participation.

Backpropagation Artificial Neural Network Enhancement using Beale-Powell Approach Technique

Machine learning algorithms can study existing data to perform specific tasks. One of the well-known machine learning algorithms is the backpropagation algorithm, but this algorithm often provides poor convergence speed in the training process and a long training time. The purpose of this study is to optimize the standard backpropagation algorithm using the Beale-Powell conjugate gradient algorithm so that the training time needed to achieve convergence is not too long, which later can be used as a reference and information for solving predictive problems. The Beale-Powell conjugate gradient algorithm can solve unlimited optimization problems and is much more efficient than gradient descent-based algorithms such as standard backpropagation. The research data used for the analysis were formal education participation data in Indonesia. To be trained and tested using the 7-10-1 architecture. The results showed that the Beale-Powell Conjugate Gradient algorithm could more quickly perform the training and convergence process. However, the MSE value of testing and performance is still superior to the backpropagation algorithm. So it can be concluded that for the prediction case of Formal Education Participation in Indonesia, the Conjugate Gradient Beale-Powell algorithm is good enough to optimize the performance of backpropagation standards seen from the convergence speed and training performance.

Analisa Faktor Penolakan Warga Negara Indonesia Eks ISIS ke Indonesia

This article aims to analyze several factors that caused the government to reject the return of ex-ISIS Indonesian citizens to Indonesia. This research was explanatory research using a qualitative approach. Meanwhile, the data collection technique was a literature study using the Google Scholar search engine and Harzing Publish or Perish. The authors used Miles and Huberman's data analysis technique using the interactive model qualitative data analysis technique. The authors found that two factors influenced the rejection of the return of ex-ISIS Indonesian citizens: internal and external factors. Internal factors consist of political factors, security factors, and cultural factors. Meanwhile, the external factors related to the Global War on Terrorism (GWOT). As for the political factor, the ex-ISIS members have a radical ideology for gaining their political interests. Then from the security factor, it was found that the ex-ISIS members had combat skills and knowledge, which would significantly affect the security and living conditions of the community. Finally, from cultural factors, ex-ISIS members tend to have an intolerant nature resulting from their ideology. The existence of this intolerant nature will undoubtedly clash with the diverse cultural conditions of the Indonesian people. The external factor is Indonesia's participation in the effort to fight global terrorism together with other countries.

Social Interest dan Relevansinya Terhadap Keterlibatan Indonesia dalam G-20

The purpose of this study is to discuss the theory of social interest which was coined by Adler. Adler believes that social interest is an attitude of interest that comes from within to connect with other people. The attitude of interest is manifested in the form of cooperation for social interests and social progress. Apparently, this fact reaffirms the existence of humans as social beings. Adler's theory of social interest is correlated with Indonesia's involvement in the G-20 international forum. The G-20 is a cooperation forum involving 19 major countries and the European Union in overcoming important issues such as climate issues, multilateral trade, and the global economic crisis due to the Covid-19 pandemic. Indonesia's participation in the G-20 forum presupposes Indonesia's commitment and contribution to promote mutual prosperity. The method used inthis study is the library research. The results found that humans cannot walk alone. They always need someone else. They must have the desire to take part, share and cooperate with othesr. The process of opening up, establishing relationships, and taking part in community is the first step for humans to achieve mutual prosperity

Employee Participation in Indonesia and Co- determination Concept under German Law

This paper aims to provide comparative analysis on Indonesian regulation on employee participation in contrast with Germany’s regulation on co-determination. This paper used normative method with a combination of statute approach and comparative approach. The implementation of labor union and employee stock participation under Indonesian law to guarantee employee participation in the decision making of companies is still ineffective. The concept of direct employee participation under German law should be seen as a feasible means to guarantee employee participation, thus improve Indonesia’s corporate governance. This concept can be implemented in Indonesia through two ways: the amendment of the Company Law or another implementing regulations that provides a more specific guidance to complement the Company Law.

Does stock influencer on social media and financial well-being affect the stock market participation of the young generations during the Covid-19 pandemic?

Purpose: This research aims to study whether there is a relationship between stock influencers and financial well-be- ing on stock market participation. Design/methodology/approach: The research method used in this research is quantitative, with 184 respondents spread over six major islands in Indonesia. The data is processed with SmartPLS 3.0 software. Findings: The study results show a positive and significant influence between stock influencers and financial well-be- ing on stock market participation mediated by intention to invest. However, the direct relationship between stock influencers and financial well-being to stock market participation was found to have no effect. Research limitations/implications: This research contributes to the development of financial studies related to capital market participation in Indonesia which is still very limited. The government needs to pay attention to stock influencers and financial well-being, which can significantly impact stock market participation. Socialization and education programs can be carried out informally in collaboration with influencers and focus on increasing knowledge about stocks and managing personal and household finances. Originality/value: This study adopts variables to capture new phenomena that occurred during the COVID-19 pandemic.

Pengaruh Jangkauan Terhadap Keberlanjutan Keuangan BPJS Ketenagakerjaan

BPJS Ketenagakerjaan has a function to provide social security for employees who work in Indonesia, both Indonesian citizens and foreign citizens, including Indonesian migrant workers. BPJS Ketenagakerjaan participation in Indonesia is mandatory by law, but based on internal data of BPJS Ketenagakerjaan (2021) there are still many workers who have not become participants. Therefore, outreach is needed by BPJS Ketenagakerjaan to implement its function. Where 99,9% of participants and prospective participants are workers who work in micro, small and medium scale enterprises (MSMEs). This study aims to analyze the effect of outreach on the financial sustainability of BPJS Ketenagakerjaan and to describe whether there is a trade-off or compatible. This study uses secondary data in the form of a cross-section consisting of 122 BPJS Ketenagakerjaan main branch offices in Indonesia in 2018. The analytical method used in this study is the Ordinary Least Square (OLS) method. The outreach carried out by BPJS Ketenagakerjaan has effect on its financial sustainability. It can be concluded that there is a trade-off between outreach and the financial sustainability of BPJS Ketenagakerjaan. This indicates that when BPJS Ketenagakerjaan wants to maintain its financial sustainability, it will reduce the outreach of services and potential participants. Keywords: outreach, financial sustainability, BPJS ketenagakerjaan, social security, Indonesia

SDGs Achievement on Social Pillars: A Spatiotemporal Analysis of Education Participation in Indonesia for the 2015 to 2021 Period

<p>Since 2015, education has become an important part of social pillars supporting Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). The fourth goal of SDGs, quality education, emphasizes inclusive, equitable, and lifelong education. The Indonesian government has prioritized region-based sustainable development in its 2020-2024 Medium-Term National Development Plan (RPJMN). It has also emphasized the achievement of secondary and higher education levels in Human Resource (HR) development targets. This achievement can be realized if there is equal distribution of educational participation, starting from the primary to the tertiary level. This quantitative study aims to analyze and elaborate spatiotemporal insights at every level of education regarding the development of educational participation in Indonesia during the period of 2015 to 2021. Results have shown that there was a significant spatiotemporal development in the achievement of inter-level educational participation during this period. The implementation of regional-based education development needs to be optimized to achieve an inclusive distribution of educational participation among provinces.</p><p><em>Sejak 2015, pendidikan menjadi salah satu bagian penting dalam pembangunan berkelanjutan (SDGs) pilar sosial. Tujuan ke-4 SDGs yaitu pendidikan berkualitas, penitikberatan pada pendidikan inklusif, merata, dan sepanjang hayat. Pemerintah Indonesia menekankan pembangunan berkelanjutan berbasis wilayah pada RPJMN 2020-2024. Pemerintah juga menekankan capaian jenjang pendidikan menengah ke atas pada highlight sasaran pembangunan SDM. Capaian tersebut dapat terwujud apabila terdapat pemerataan partisipasi pendidikan secara terstruktur dan berkesinambungan, mulai dari jenjang pendidikan SD hingga Perguruan Tinggi. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah menganalisis dan mengelaborasi insight secara spasiotemporal pada setiap jenjang pendidikan mengenai perkembangan capaian pembangunan dan pemerataan partisipasi pendidikan di Indonesia pada periode 2015 hingga 2021. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa terdapat perkembangan signifikan pada pola capaian partisipasi pendidikan antarjenjang dari periode 2015 hingga 2021. Pengimplementasian pembangunan pendidikan berbasis wilayah perlu dioptimalkan untuk mewujudkan pemerataan karakteristik partisipasi pendidikan antarprovinsi</em></p>

Kontribusi Indonesia dalam Peacekeeping Mission di Lebanon sebagai Implementasi Diplomasi Pertahanan

This study aims to find out more about how the conditions in Lebanon lead Indonesia to uphold peace by mobilizing its energy in peacekeeping operations. This study shows how Indonesia has participated in participating together with the peace organization UNIFIL (United Nations Interim Force in Lebanon) in carrying out its free-active politics by sending the Garuda Contingent (KONGA) to several conflict areas in Lebanon. Indonesia's participation in this program is a manifestation of its foreign policy in the form of defence diplomacy, further this research discusses how the contingent sent by Indonesia became one of Indonesia's defence diplomacy. Defence diplomacy is one of the defence strategies that refers to ends, means, and ways that can give birth to several policies taken by Indonesia in which Indonesian defence diplomacy is a form of soft diplomacy which is one way to achieve a country's national interest.

The Social Network Approach for Analyzing Political Participation in Indonesia during the Covid-19 Pandemic: Scoping Review

This study is intended to conduct a scoping review of the application of social network analysis (SNA) in predicting political participation in Indonesia, especially during the Covid-19 pandemic. The literature shows that investigations into political participation are not new in Indonesia. However, research that uses the application of SNA as an approach to explain the behavior of political participation in Indonesia is still very rare. For this reason, a scoping review is needed to provide an overview of political participation using a social network lens. The scoping review implementation was guided by Arksey and O'Malley's 5-step framework. The results of the scoping review show that the political participation among Indonesians is considered at a sufficient level, especially at the regional level. However, investigations of political participation using the SNA method are shown to be very rare. This research is useful for showing topics that can be explored in the social and political fields, especially by using the individual social network approach.

Can the Job Creation Law Solve the Lack of Public Participation in Indonesia's Spatial Planning?

It has been long recognized that public participation plays a vital role in dealing with spatial planning laws. However, mechanisms for the inclusion of public participation have been criticized worldwide for lacking the hallmarks of actual participation, as this trend has also occurred in Indonesia. This paper aimed to analyze the significance of public participation in Indonesia's spatial planning and whether the current Job Creation Law can solve the lack of public participation. There are no legal consequences or sanctions if the government fails to conduct public participation, while the Job Creation Law is regarded to encourage public participation by enabling the public to be actively involved in every stage of spatial planning. By employing normative research, this paper shows that the Job Creation Law reiterates the same flaws by neglecting the importance of legal consequences for not conducting public participation. The implementing regulation rests uncertainty that can reduce and discourage public participation. As the Job Creation Law was highly expected to cope with the issue, it cannot involve the public properly in spatial planning.

Analysis of the Role of Women in Gender Insight Political Development: Documentation Study on Gender in Indonesia

Gender equality and women's representation in Indonesia's political development are crucial issues that have become endless problems for Indonesia. The gap in representation between women and men is seen in the low percentage of women political participants who occupy positions in the DPR RI. The purpose of this study is to examine and analyze the role of women in political development in Indonesia and to determine the factors that influence the low involvement of women in the political sphere. This study uses a qualitative method based on the philosophy of positivism with a documentation study approach that obtains sources of information through texts, manuscripts, and previous research. Based on the results of documentation and literature studies, it is known that women's participation in Indonesia is still quite low even though the government has issued a law that regulates women's representation in political parties. The results show that the problem of the gap in the participation of women and men in political development in Indonesia is caused by the feminine factors inherent in women, in order to overcome this, women need to improve their quality so that they can participate more in political development in Indonesia.

Determinants of Women's Education Level in West Java: Impact of Economic Conditions or Discriminative Policies?

Various studies have shown that poor households with economic disruption have to choose their priorities. In such circumstances, expenses on girls’ education tend to be sacrificed. On the other hand, the emergence of public policies which discriminate against women and minority groups threatens to reduce women’s educational participation due to the psychological pressure and stigma they experience in educational institutions. This phenomenon is part of the reason why women’s educational participation in Indonesia is lower than men. This research applied a mix of quantitative and qualitative methods to investigate and compare the impact of discriminative policies and economic conditions on women’s education. Quantitative methods were conducted using a panel data regression model, while qualitative methods were conducted through content analysis. This study’s results showed that: a) discriminative policies were barriers to women’s rights for education; b) discriminative policies and economic variables had a significant influence on women at primary education level (elementary-junior high school) and at secondary education level (senior high school); c) regional income and expenditure had a significant effect on women’s education at primary and secondary education levels, but had no effect at post-secondary (university) education level; and d) economic and discriminative policy variables had no effect on women’s education at post-secondary (university) level.
 Keywords: discriminatory policy, economy, women’s education level

Analysis of the participation of women in football in Indonesia

In general, football is considered a male-dominated sport but recent trends show a significant improvement in women’s participation in the sport. The aim of this study was to identify and explain the reasons for women’s participation in football in Indonesia. A cross-sectional study was conducted with 29 female athletes of the Indonesian women’s national football team using the Participation Motivation Questionnaire (PMQ) assessed by Guttman scale. The data was analyzed using a descriptive percentage approach and then grouped based on participation criteria. The results showed that more than half of the women participants in football in Indonesia were 17 years old (53%) and had a senior high school education (66%). Most of the time, women participants were encouraged by peers (87%), parents (86%), facilities and infrastructures (97%), awareness (76%), interest (79%), attachment (87%), and loyalty (90%). Participation rates were also influenced by the existence of football clubs (100%) and the training programs implemented (100%). It is concluded that women’s football participation in Indonesia is largely influenced by micro-level factors (peers and parents), macro-level factors (existence of football clubs, their facilities and infrastructures, and their training programs), and psycho-sociological factors (awareness, interest, attachment and loyalty).

Acceleration of Clean Energy Use Based on The 2015 Paris Agreement

The adverse effects of climate change are a major threat to human life and the environment. Indonesia's participation in the 2015 Paris Agreement encourages changes in people's lifestyles to become environmentally friendly. Indonesia commits to reducing emissions before 2030 . The purpose of this study is to describe energy regulation within the scope of the provisions of national law and international law and to examine Indonesia's efforts to accelerate the use of clean energy based on the 2015 Paris Agreement. The approach used is normative. The data collection technique is through conventional literature searches and online and analyzed with qualitative data analysis because the data will be presented in a narrative-descriptive manner, not in numerical or numerical form. The results of the research show that the regulation of energy within the scope of national legal provisions is generally regulated in the Law of the Republic of Indonesia Number 30 of 2007 concerning Energy. This law contains general problems of energy resources in Indonesia from philosophical, juridical, and sociological aspects. This law has the function of a legal umbrella for other laws and regulations that will regulate energy-related matters. Indonesia's efforts to accelerate the use of clean energy based on the 2015 Paris Agreement, namely by ratifying the 2015 Paris Agreement into Law of the Republic of Indonesia Number 16 of 2016. To accelerate the use of new and renewable energy as clean energy, the Indonesian government issued a Draft Presidential Regulation that regulates the purchase of new and renewable energy. clean energy electricity and several other efforts.

Acceleration of Clean Energy Use Based on The 2015 Paris Agreement

The adverse effects of climate change are a major threat to human life and the environment. Indonesia's participation in the 2015 Paris Agreement encourages changes in people's lifestyles to become environmentally friendly. Indonesia commits to reducing emissions before 2030 . The purpose of this study is to describe energy regulation within the scope of the provisions of national law and international law and to examine Indonesia's efforts to accelerate the use of clean energy based on the 2015 Paris Agreement. The approach used is normative. The data collection technique is through conventional literature searches and online and analyzed with qualitative data analysis because the data will be presented in a narrative-descriptive manner, not in numerical or numerical form. The results of the research show that the regulation of energy within the scope of national legal provisions is generally regulated in the Law of the Republic of Indonesia Number 30 of 2007 concerning Energy. This law contains general problems of energy resources in Indonesia from philosophical, juridical, and sociological aspects. This law has the function of a legal umbrella for other laws and regulations that will regulate energy-related matters. Indonesia's efforts to accelerate the use of clean energy based on the 2015 Paris Agreement, namely by ratifying the 2015 Paris Agreement into Law of the Republic of Indonesia Number 16 of 2016. To accelerate the use of new and renewable energy as clean energy, the Indonesian government issued a Draft Presidential Regulation that regulates the purchase of new and renewable energy. clean energy electricity and several other efforts.

Acceleration of Clean Energy Use Based on The 2015 Paris Agreement

The adverse effects of climate change are a major threat to human life and the environment. Indonesia's participation in the 2015 Paris Agreement encourages changes in people's lifestyles to become environmentally friendly. Indonesia commits to reducing emissions before 2030 . The purpose of this study is to describe energy regulation within the scope of the provisions of national law and international law and to examine Indonesia's efforts to accelerate the use of clean energy based on the 2015 Paris Agreement. The approach used is normative. The data collection technique is through conventional literature searches and online and analyzed with qualitative data analysis because the data will be presented in a narrative-descriptive manner, not in numerical or numerical form. The results of the research show that the regulation of energy within the scope of national legal provisions is generally regulated in the Law of the Republic of Indonesia Number 30 of 2007 concerning Energy. This law contains general problems of energy resources in Indonesia from philosophical, juridical, and sociological aspects. This law has the function of a legal umbrella for other laws and regulations that will regulate energy-related matters. Indonesia's efforts to accelerate the use of clean energy based on the 2015 Paris Agreement, namely by ratifying the 2015 Paris Agreement into Law of the Republic of Indonesia Number 16 of 2016. To accelerate the use of new and renewable energy as clean energy, the Indonesian government issued a Draft Presidential Regulation that regulates the purchase of new and renewable energy. clean energy electricity and several other efforts.