Indonesian Labor Research Articles

The Impact of ILO Convention No. 182 (1999) on Safeguarding Against Child Labor in Indonesia

Child labor poses a serious challenge to Indonesia's commitment to children's rights and workplace protection. ILO Convention No. 182 has become a crucial global guideline in combating this issue. Using doctrinal legal research with an analytical descriptive component and includes the comparative approach, the statute approach, and the historical approach. Using secondary data, which included primary, secondary, and tertiary legal material and with library research and examined resources relating to the topics under investigation with qualitative analysis. Before ratification, weak enforcement and inadequate regulations left child workers vulnerable to health risks and exploitation. The ratification marked a pivotal moment, aligning Indonesia's laws with international standards to better safeguard children from exploitative labor practices, emphasizing the urgent need for stronger protections and enforcement measures.

THE INFLUENCE OF NATIONAL LEGAL POLITICS ON THE MINIMUM WAGE SYSTEM LABOR LAW PERSPECTIVE

The government has the authority to determine wage policies relating to the relationship between workers and employers and provide protection to workers, including through minimum wage instruments, which are regulated through the Labor Law and its implementing regulations. The formation of statutory regulations is formed through a political-legal process that cannot be separated from the influence between the parties with an interest in it. If you look at the current condition of workers in Indonesia, they are still very weak and marginalized because the wages they receive are still relatively unable to keep up with the increasing needs for life. Through this article, the author wants to examine how national legal politics influence Indonesian employment system policies and what factors influence the calculation of minimum wages. This research is a type of doctrinal legal research using normative juridical methods with a descriptive analytical approach and analyzed qualitatively, by examining the laws that apply in Indonesia through statutory regulations related to workers' wages. The results of this research show, firstly, that legal politics influences Indonesian labor regulations. It can be seen that labor regulations not only regulate workers and employers but also cover issues of the economic system and political system. Second, minimum wages are determined based on economic and employment conditions with calculations that focus on economic variables and certain indices symbolized by alpha. Determining minimum wages as a policy line aims to create decent living needs for workers and their families in order to protect workers' rights and avoid arbitrary actions by companies, as well as encouraging economic growth in each region.

Strategy for Increasing Exports Through ICT Development and Potential Market Mapping: Case Study of Indonesia Labor Intensive Industries

Purpose: This research aims to specifically identify the role of ICT in the export performance of Indonesia's la-bor-intensive industries and Mapping potential market for Indonesia's labor-intensive industries export.
 Design/methodology/approach: The analysis was carried out by developing a gravity model and estimated using the Pseudo Poisson Maximum-Likelihood (PPML) and Generalized Method of Moment (GMM) methods as robust-ness tests.
 Findings: The estimation results show that ICT, both from the quantity aspect and the quality aspect, has a positive and significant impact on the volume of Indonesian exports. The results of this estimation have been proven to be consistent through several tests by controlling the problems of endogeneity, simultaneity, and auto-correlation.
 Research limitations/implications: The model developed in the study tends to interact with variables from both countries, namely Indonesia as an exporter country and a partner country for importing Indonesian products. The application of this kind of interaction causes the results of the interpretation to be unable to specifically explain the effect of variables in each country.
 Originality/value: This study discussed the impact of ICT through the quality and quantity aspects, this study also used product-level data, so the interpretation results more specifically explained the impact of ICT. Further analysis in this study also contributes significantly to identifying which partner has a potential market as the main destination of Indonesia's exports.

Does a Resource Curse Exist in Indonesia?

This study analyzes whether a resource curse exists in Indonesia or not. A quantile model is applied in this study with samples of 120 quarterly. The results show that the resource curse does not exist in Indonesia. Furthermore, the role of labor in Indonesia is only significant at the initial stage. The same results are also found for the capital. The government should increase the role of resources by increasing the value added to the resources.

Bibliometric analysis of Indonesia's labor dynamics: Future works, digital transformations, and contemporary employment landscape shifts

This study conducts a comprehensive literature review to understand the direction and trends in contemporary labor studies, emphasizing significant global issues attracting scientific attention. Employing a scientometric approach, recent research data is explored using bibliometric analysis. The research adopts a mixed-methods approach, utilizing National Labor Statistics and conducting Focus Group Discussions (FGD) for nuanced insights into labor conditions in Indonesia. A bibliometric analysis of Scientific Labor Research Articles in Scopus (2020-2022) identifies trends and classifies global labor-related topics. Results highlight challenges in the labor landscape, driven by technological advancements and globalization, impacting job security, creating skill gaps, and raising concerns about the Fourth Industrial Revolution. The informal sector, particularly pronounced in Indonesia, poses challenges related to poverty, inequality, and the gig economy. Emerging issues like informal care for the elderly, social capital, and informal learning call for nuanced policy approaches. Indonesia's aging population adds complexity, requiring sustainable support mechanisms for healthcare and social services. The digital landscape, specifically Fintech, plays a significant role, yet research gaps persist. Bridging the digital talent gap is crucial for effective digital transformation, necessitating collaboration between government, educational institutions, and industry players. Challenges in Fintech development highlight the importance of initiatives promoting digital literacy, ethical practices, and regulatory frameworks. In conclusion, a holistic and collaborative approach is essential for navigating complexities and fostering sustainable economic growth.

Kajian Perbandingan Atas Perlindungan Hukum terhadap Pekerja Anak di Indonesia dan Negara Lain

In principle, every sovereign country that is at an advanced and developing stage has a concrete legal and constitutional basis to regulate the wheels of government in each independent and sovereign country. There is no exception in the regulation and existence of the workforce as one of the foreign exchange contributors to state finances. However, the issue of child labor in Indonesia is still a problem that has not been fully resolved by stakeholders, in this case the Indonesian government. On the other hand, other countries also experience the same problem, so in this research a comparison of regulations relating to child labor is carried out. In the above problem, it is hoped that the government will immediately find a solution to this matter so that children can be returned to their position to receive education and other rights as regulated in the 1945 Constitution of the Republic of Indonesia.

Resolution of Disputes Regarding the Rights of Domestic Workers in Indonesian Labor

The aim of this research is to analyze the resolution of disputes when the rights of domestic workers are not granted by employers or domestic worker placement agencies based on Indonesian Labor Law and to examine the employer's responsibility in resolving disputes over the rights of domestic workers under Indonesian Labor Law. The method employed is normative legal research, focusing on dispute resolution for Domestic Workers. The findings reveal that domestic workers can utilize alternative dispute resolution to settle their disputes with employers. Dispute resolution, in cases where the rights of domestic workers are not provided by employers or placement agencies, can be addressed through both litigation and non-litigation channels. Current industrial relations dispute resolution regulations only mention conflicts between laborers/workers and employers/supervisors. According to Labor Law, domestic workers are not officially recognized as workers/laborers, yet employers are still responsible for the rights of domestic workers. The formulation of legislation specifically safeguarding the rights of domestic workers is crucial to provide the necessary protection for this group of workers.

Political Communication Strategy of the Indonesian Labor Party in the Campaign for Labor Rights

Within Indonesia's democratic framework, political parties ostensibly committed to public welfare face a pervasive skepticism rooted in the perceived prioritization of elite interests. This erosion of trust stems from instances of corruption, collusion, and nepotism. Addressing this, the previously dormant Labor Party underwent a revival, introducing new symbols and leadership. Employing a descriptive analytical approach through interviews, observation, and documentation, this research delves into the party's political communication strategies. Findings reveal the adoption of the AIDDA strategy (Attention, Interest, Desire, Decision, Action) as a persuasive tool aligning with the party's emphasis on social capital over financial resources. This strategic shift aims to rebuild public trust and underscores a commitment to the workforce's well-being. The party's nuanced approach to political communication emerges as a response to broader challenges, presenting a persuasive narrative to engage the community within the confines of Indonesia's intricate political landscape.

Review on Social Entrepreneurship

The problem of unemployment is a problem faced by every country, as is the case in Indonesia, the problem of unemployment and labor in Indonesia is still a problem that needs to be addressed seriously. The large unemployment rate can certainly cause social problems, namely poverty. One way to overcome the social problems that are currently of great concern to developing countries including Indonesia is to develop social entrepreneurship or popularly known as social entrepreneurship. This study aims to determine the development map and trend of Social Entrepreneurship published by reputable journals in the field of Economics and Finance. The data analyzed are more than 1594 Dimensions indexed research publications. The export data was then processed and analyzed using the R Biblioshiny application program to determine the bibliometric map of Social Entrepreneurship development. The results showed that the number of publications on this topic continues to increase.

Legal Relationship Between Platform Service Providers and Online Transportation Driver as Gig Workers (Platform Workers)

This research aims to determine the classification of legal relationships between platform service providers and online transportation drivers as gig workers (platform workers). The choice of theme is motivated by the fact that so far the legal relationship that occurs between platform service providers and online transportation drivers is a partnership relationship, but the partnership relationship that occurs does not implement the principles of partnership in its implementation in the business world. This partnership cooperation relationship is not regulated in the Law Number 20 of 2008 regarding Micro, Small, and Medium Enterprises or the Indonesian labour law because the Indonesian labour law only recognizes working relationships, while in the Law Number 20 of 2008 regarding Micro, Small, and Medium Enterprises because the original intent of the partnership in Law No.20/2008 is very different from the partnership relationship that is currently happening between platform service providers and online transportation drivers. Then the writing of this paper uses a normative juridical method with a statutory approach and an analytical approach. The legal material obtained by the author will be analyzed using descriptive analytical analysis techniques, namely a method of analyzing legal material by determining the content or meaning of legal rules in terms of partnership cooperation relationships, as well as the Civil Code. From the results of research with the above methods, the classification of legal relationships between platform service providers and online transportation drivers as gig workers (platform workers) is classified as a partnership relationship based on the Subordinate union of partnership, namely a partnership based on the merger of two or more parties that are subordinately related

Analysis of Non-Conformities in Labor Inspection Regulations in Indonesia: a Multi-Level Study Based on Article 178 of The Labor Law

Objective: This paper will examine the aforementioned issues ow do businesses ensure their employees' rights and needs are met? How effective is government-appointed labor inspectors at preventing violations of workers' rights? How are the legal and practical mechanisms for labor inspectors to uphold the rights of workers formed and implemented are crucial factors to consider when evaluating the role of labor inspectors in promoting cooperation between workers and management. Method: With current literature by drawing on a wide range of primary and secondary legal sources, including statutes, case law, and academic studies. Result: The study concludes that ILO Convention No.81 of 1947 affirms the authority of labor inspection, and that the government of Indonesia ratified this convention in Law No. 21 of 2003 on the ratification of ILO Convention No.81, but that the central government's control of labor inspection has become problematic due to the development of a labor law that provides authority that is centralistic-hierarchical and increasingly complex. Since labor inspectors are spread out over such a large region, there are a number of pressing matters that must be enforced until the shortage of available resources at the local level is resolved with a, but it is also important to consider the local context when making policy decisions moving forward. Conclusion: This research will shed light on Indonesian labour inspection difficulties and may lead to more specific improvements.

Arrangement and Implementation of Pancasila Industrial Relations in Company Regulations and Collective Labor Agreements

The affirmation of the constitution means that to take all actions in the realm of industrial relations must be based on the law or the provisions of the applicable labor legislation to provide protection for workers/laborers as also regulated in the Human Rights Act. Therefore, it is interesting to examine how the Pancasila Industrial Relations Norms in Indonesian Labor Legislation and How the Implementation of Pancasila Industrial Relations in Making Company Regulations and Collective Labor Agreements in a Company. To answer these problems, normative legal research methods are used (juridical normative) with a statutory approach, conceptual approach, and comparative approach, using secondary data obtained from primary, secondary and tertiary legal sources. The research found that Pancasila industrial relations norms originated from Pancasila which is a tangle of main basic values is a crystallization of various values that live in society as the soul of the nation (volskgeist) and guiding star (leidstar) in social life, because the main basic value is still very abstract and cannot be legally enforced, or cannot be sanctioned if violated, then as a concretization of these basic values must be outlined in legislation so that it can be enforced and sanctioned if violated and the Implementation of Pancasila Industrial Relations in Making Company Regulations and Collective Labor Agreements in a Company, should involve and accommodate the aspirations of workers through trade unions / workers' representatives in making Company Regulation policies (PP) and Collective Labor Agreements (PKB). Pancasila Industrial Relations is part of contractual relations as a mutual agreement between employers and workers, the achievements and implementation of the agreement should not conflict with Pancasila Industrial Relations and justice.

The Legal Protection of the Digital Platform Workers in Indonesia: Lesson Learnd From Germany and the United Kingdom

This study analyzes labor law arrangements in Indonesia, Germany and United Kingdom, mainly how several countries protect digital platform workers. Furthermore, this research evaluates the implementation of such a law to advance labor law in Indonesia in protecting digital platforms workers. This research used normative legal analysis, employing a statutory, conceptual, and comparative approach with Germany and the United Kingdom. The results indicate that the dynamics of new employment status or partnership working relationships and workers’ flexibility in the gig economy phenomenon are not only found in Indonesia. Several countries, for example, Germany and United Kingdom, have found strategies to tackle this phenomenon. The government can address the above employment problems in two approaches: via court decisions and amending or revising relevant legislation. Classifying the status of employment relationships in this new phenomenon is crucial for implementation in Indonesia. In the future, such classification can be used as a reference in developing Indonesian Labor Law. The government should consider the necessary substantive protections for workers, from flexible working arrangements to creating new standards more responsive to the structure of growing organizations and the emergence of algorithmic management.

Perlindungan Hukum terhadap Tenaga Kerja Indonesia yang Bekerja di Luar Negeri Berdasarkan Prinsip Negara Hukum

The low level of education of migrant workers working abroad often makes the fate of migrant workers less favorable. Although this is not entirely true, those affected by the calamity of injustice treatment that are detrimental to most of those with less education. The level of education will also greatly affect language acquisition, access to technological information and the culture in which they work, especially for migrant workers who work in institutions or institutions, such as hospitals, restaurants, shops, and other institutions that make language as a means of communication is a very crucial issue. This means the quality of education is an important factor in consideration in sending workers abroad. The meaning and significance of work for everyone is reflected in the 1945 Constitution Article 27 paragraph (2) states that every Indonesian citizen has the right to work and a decent living for humanity. The migrant worker placement program abroad is one of the efforts to overcome the unemployment problem. The role of the government in this program focuses on aspects of development, protection and providing various facilities to related parties, especially migrant workers and Private Indonesian Labor Placement Implementers (PPTKIS). If you have obtained permission from the government to carry out migrant worker placement services abroad in accordance with Law No. 39 of 2004 concerning the Placement and Protection of Indonesian Workers Abroad. In terms of protection for migrant workers, the right to protection starts from pre-placement, placement period, until post-placement.

Evaluation of Project Budget Due to Price Fluctuations Based on Digital Technology in Factory Construction Projects

The development of industrial construction requires adequate resources to avoid the failure and risk of the project. The resources required are materials (building materials), human resources (human resources), machines (equipment), capital (money), methods (methods of implementation), timing, and information on the implementation of the construction. According to data from the Central Statistical Agency (BPS), wages of labor in Indonesia of Rs. 2.89 million increased by 1.12% by 2022. In addition, the price of construction materials has also increased, such as steel, steel bones, concrete, and other construction materials. Especially steel price increases, starting in the second year of the pandemic, have risen about 30%–40%. Generally, the construction of factory buildings uses more steel profiles for the construction of warehouses—storage of raw materials or warehousing of production sites. This has a huge impact on the project budget that has been estimated prior to material price fluctuations. Therefore, the re-evaluation of the project budget in PT. XYZ, which has been estimated by the company at Rp. 219.5 billion, has a total budget change to Rp. 276.1 billion.

DAMPAK KETERBUKAAN EKONOMI TERHADAP PENYERAPAN TENAGA KERJA DI INDONESIA TAHUN 1993-2022

Indonesia's population growth every year is increasing. Population growth certainly results in an increase in the number of labor force. However, this will become a problem in the world of work if the increasing number of labor force is not proportional to the amount of labor absorption. This problem is very important considering its relation to the level of social welfare. This study aims to determine the impact of economic openness on employment in Indonesia. This research is a quantitative study and uses time series data, namely Export, Exchange Rate, FDI and Labor data using the ECM model. The results of this study indicate that in the long run Exports, Exchange Rates and FDI have a positive and significant effect on Absorption of Labor in Indonesia. Whereas in the short term Exports, Exchange Rates and FDI have a positive and insignificant effect on the Absorption of Labor in Indonesia in 1993-2022. And the ECT value in the short term has a negative and insignificant effect which indicates that there is a short-term imbalance in the long term.

The Effect of Establishing Escherichia coli on Balb/C Rats as A Model of Preterm Labor

Introduction: The prevalence of preterm labor in Indonesia is estimated at 7-14%, which is around 459,200-900,000 babies per year. The mechanism of infection is the biggest cause of preterm labor. The bacteria that often causes infection is Escherichia coli. This study aims to see the effect of giving Escherichia coli to produce premature models of mice. Material and Methods: This study used a true experimental method with a post-test only control group design approach. The independent variables were preterm labor & cervical tissue culture, amniotic membranes, and placenta. The dependent variable of the study was the administration of Escherichia coli 109 CFU to the cervix. This research will be tested with a comparative test. Results: The treatment group were given Escherichia coli experienced parturition with the fastest time of 38 hours 22 minutes and the longest time of 42 hours 12 minutes. Escherichia coli colonies on Eosin Methylene Blue (EMB) culture media with a glowing green image was obtained. Cervical culture, amniotic membranes and placenta from the treatment group of Balb/C mice showed the growth of Escherichia coli colonies. Neutrophil infiltration and edema in the cervical stroma was found to be more severe in Balb/C mice that received treatment with Escherichia coli 109 CFU/ml. Conclusion: Escherichia coli shortens the time of delivery and increases the bacterial load in pregnant Balb/C mice.

Pengaruh kualitas kehidupan kerja (qwl) terhadap produktivitas Kerja Tenaga Kesehatan (NAKES) di UPTD Puskesmas Mekar Baru Tangerang

According to the World Health Organization (WHO), quality of life is a conditionin which an individual is not only free from disease and weakness, but also balancesphysical, mental and social functions. So that the measurement of quality of life canbe seen from four areas of function, namely physical, psychological, social andenvironmental. Indonesia's labor productivity is at 74.4%. This productivity level isbelow the average of the Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN), whichis 78.2%. Still inferior to neighboring countries such as the Philippines (86.3%),Singapore (82.7%), Thailand (80.1%) and Vietnam (80%), said Secretary Generalof the Ministry of Manpower, Anwar Sanusi, in a written statement. , Jakarta,Friday, November 13 2020 Types and Methods of Research The type of researchused in this study is quantitative using descriptive analysis with a cross sectionalapproach, namely conducting research to find relationships between theindependent variables, namely Quality of Work Life (QWL) and the independentvariable is Work productivity. Spearman's rho Correlation Test is one of thenonparametric analyzes to determine the strength of the relationship between twovariables on an ordinal scale. The results showed that most of the 38 respondentswho had a high QWL were 28 respondents (73.7%). most of those who have highwork productivity are 27 respondents (71.1%). There is no influence between thequality of work life on work productivity at the UPTD Puskesmas Mekar BaruTangerang, as evidenced by the value ℓvalue 0.092 which means greater than(ℓvalue 0.05).

Installation of the Character of Love for the Country Through the Study (Study of Indonesian Labor Children in Malaysia)

The character of loving the motherland is how to act, and think, which shows respect for one's country. The way to convey this individuality is through learning Indonesian and PPKN subjects. The researcher aims to describe how to instill the character of loving the motherland in studio students and the influence of conveying the nature of loving the motherland through this theme. This research was carried out with qualitative research, namely a qualitative approach. Data was collected using observation, interviews, and documentation. After data collection, the data is analyzed and checked against what is described in the theory. The research results obtained are as follows. How to instill the character of loving the motherland through Indonesian language subjects. Instilling the character of loving the motherland with Indonesian subjects and Civics leads to improving attitudes and behavior to preserve Indonesian culture, especially speaking the right language and adhering to discipline. This value is related to the sign of the character of love for the motherland in learning studio students. It can be summarized that the overall effect is to increase students' enthusiasm for learning about language and create a feeling of pride in culture and education in Indonesia.

PARADIGMA POLITIK HUKUM PENGUPAHAN INDONESIA: STUDI HAK ATAS UPAH LAYAK BAGI BURUH INFORMAL

In developing countries, including Indonesia, majority of workers are informal with low wages. This situation occurs mainly because of the problems with their status as informal workers and how Indonesian labor law regulates on that matter. On this basis, this research was conducted by investigating labor law policies in the field of wages that do not protect informal workers, i.e., wage policy. There are two issues that are the focus of the study in this research. The first is: what is the paradigm of Indonesian wage policy? Second, what paradigm must be incorporated into wage policy in order to provide informal workers with decent wages? The research was conducted using a non-doctrinal research type supported by statutory and conceptual approaches. The conceptual approach is particularly based on Roscoe Pound’s conceptualization of sociological jurisprudence. The research resulted in the finding that Indonesian wage policy is based on the contractualism paradigm, which is rooted in the idea of neoliberalism and causes informal workers to receive low wages. The study also reveals that there is a need to incorporate a human rights paradigm into Indonesian wage policy so that Indonesian wage policy is able to provide a decent life for informal workers.