Indonesian Border Research Articles

Social Movement at Indonesia - Malaysia Border (A Case Study of Indonesian Migrant Workers’ Education in Sebatik Island, a Land Border of Indonesia - Malaysia)

The condition of the state border area between Indonesia and Malaysia is totally different. Children of Indonesian Workers (TKI) have no (limited) access to learn in formal schools since they do not have citizenship documents. This study aims to analyze the implementation of basic education mission in the border area, particularly in Sebatik island, Nunukan regency, North Kalimantan province. In addition, the research was conducted using qualitative explorative approach. Problems arising at the border area are very diverse and systemic. The Indonesian government conducts the education in border areas still very limitedly. The role of the public, corporate and private companies (Three Net Working) becomes very important in operating the schools in border area. The role of a former lecturer who is famously called Mrs. Midwife Suraidah is very dominant in helping TKI’s children to learn a variety of knowledge in Sekolah Tapal Batas (Tapal Batas School) in Sebatik island, Nunukan Regency, North Kalimantan province. Some help from companies such as Pertamina (national oil mining company), Dompet Dhuafa foundation and volunteers who are willing to be teachers strongly support the continuously of Tapal Batas School. The continuity of basic education in the state border becomes a challenge for the government since the purpose of the country written in the opening of Constitution 1945 is the intellectual life of the nation can be realized by implementing it in Nawacita program.

Indonesia Politics in Eradicating Inequalities in The Border Area

Inequalities is inherent characteristic in dealing with border development. As a large archipelagic country, Indonesia still has so many homeworks in managing border areas. For years border areas have been marginalized from national development process. The inequalities could be seen in several aspects, such as a low level of public services availability; low quality and access of education; bad economic condition and high level of poverty. The scope of this paper is to explore some changes in Indonesian border management and development under Joko Widodo's administration, especially the efforts to eradicate inequalities. The method used in the research is qualitative approach through literature review and interviews. The result of this paper shows that Indonesian government under Joko Widodo's presidency has done some important policies to bring the social justice in border areas. However, they still have to encounter very substantial challenges and obstacles such as the problems of institutional and human resource capacity. Joko Widodo shows a very strong commitment to build border areas as good as other areas in Indonesia.

The nationalism Attitute of Dayak in Borders Jagoi Babang Bengkayang District, Indonesia

Moving from the factual condition at the border, this research examines how the nationalist attitude of Jagoy Babang Indonesia border residents, especially Dayak Bidayuh citizens as the nation of Indonesia who always do social relations with neighboring citizens Sarawak Malaysia. This study uses a qualitative approach equipped with descriptive method, data collection using observation techniques and in-depth interviews about Dayak Bidayuh citizens daily activity. The analysis of research data analyzes the attitude of nationalism of border residents in relation to social relations with Malaysians. The results explain geographically Jagoi Babang border region bordered directly with Sarawak state of Malaysia. Historically the social relations of the two citizens are more emotionally tied up in the relationship of kinship in the form of marital blood relationships. This relationship is cemented by the symbiotic relationship of mutualism through the bonding of trade networks between the two countries. Although the social interaction of citizens is closer to Malaysians, but the attitude of nationalism as a nation of Indonesia is still embedded in heart and there is no desire to move Malaysian citizenship. Residents of the border, just want the government's awareness to improve their welfare.

LEGAL FRAMEWORK IN THE FULFILMENT OF RIGHT TO EDUCATION AS CONSTITUTIONAL RIGHT OF CITIZENS IN BORDER AREA OF NUNUKAN-NORTH KALIMANTAN PROVINCE (Comparison Study and Legal Framework of Right to Education of Citizens in Border Area of Indonesia-Sabah, Malaysia)

The issues was found based on research results in the first year of the model of the fulfillment of the right to education as a constitutional right of citizens in the Nunukan-North Kalimantan Province. The research addresses the policies and models of the fulfillment of the right to education there are still various weaknesses, especially related to the implementation of policies has been contained in the Local Regulations, even worsened by the neglect of border area management principles based on the fulfillment of the right to education that will break the poverty chain, and will strengthen the orientation of border area management based on the welfare of the people. This is of course very interesting when compared to Malaysia's neighboring state Sabah in the fulfillment of the right to education concerning the availability, affordability, acceptance, and conformity of education.The main issues be discussed in this study are how is comparative policies and how os comparison of the framework in the fulfillment of the right to education as a constitutional right of citizens in the border region of Nunukan Indonesia and Sabah Malaysia.this research is a comparative law study so that it will provide a new policy model of border area management based on the fulfillment of the right to education.The results of this study conclude that the Malaysian government's policy of opening and developing the port of Tawau at the end of the 19th century and the port of Tawau is the third major destination in Sabah after Kota Kinabalu and Sandakan as evidence that the management of its border areas using the prosperity approach has brought prosperity to Malaysian citizen who is on the border of his country and this is directly proportional to the strengthening of human resources through the Infrastructure and quality of education of his country. The results of the Model comparison indicate that there are significant differences in the fulfillment of the right to education as a constitutional right of citizens in the border regions of Nunukan Indonesia and Sabah Malaysia in terms of the conditions of educational infrastructure and access to education information. Affordability of school locations and systems that facilitate the process towards educational facilities.Availability of quality education standards for citizens and the availability of adequate teachers at every level of education.The aim of this research is not only for the development of science, especially the knowledge of Indonesian border region, but also contributes as a reference for the government related to the policy of border area management in Indonesia, particularly the reference for Local Govenrmment of Nunukan.

Potensi Pengembangan Kehutanan dan Pertanian Kabupaten Mahakam Ulu, Provinsi Kalimantan Timur

Mahakam Ulu Regency is a new autonomous region formed separated from Kutai Barat regency of East Kalimantan Province in 2013. The local government of Mahakam Ulu has set to develop their local economy by utilizing and developing local resources. The regency’s geographical position at the northern border of Indonesia, together with its majority land coverage of natural forests, urges Mahakam Ulu to define its potential economic activities that support its people’s welfare and preserve its nature at the same time. This research aims to understand the regional development potential of Mahakam Ulu Regency on the forestry and agriculture sector, as well as to define strategies for development. Competitive commodities analysis, land suitability analysis and land availability analysis for the competitive commodities were conducted to obtain accurate information on the region’s forestry and agriculture potential. Analysis shows that Mahakam Ulu regency has forestry potentials in the form of development of community forest with non-timber forest products (NTFP) as the main commodity, environment service business in the form of ecotourism, utilization of timber forest products and NTFP, as well as development of customary forests. On the other side, potential agricultural commodities in Mahakam Ulu regency covers paddy, rubber, cacao and oil palm.

EVOLUSI PENGELOLAAN KAWASAN PERBATASAN INDONESIA DI KALIMANTAN UTARA

This research aims to describe Indonesian border management in North Kalimantan Province, this include the previous border policies when the area was still included in East Kalimantan Province. Descriptions of previous policies to contemporary policies is meant to provide some kind of guidelines for stakeholders to formulate a better policy in the future. That means, among some descriptions there will be some analitical views regarding the policies.

The Strategic Issues Of Economic Development Of Border Area Of Indonesia - Malaysia

On the land, Indonesia is bordered by three countries: Malaysia, Papua New Guinea and Timor Leste.Whereas, in Indonesia sea area bordered by 10 countries: India, Malaysia, Singapore, Thailand,Vietnam, Philippines, the Republic of Palau, Australia, East Timor and Papua New Guinea. Most ofthe border region in Indonesia is still an underdeveloped area with less facilities and infrastructure ofsocial and economic. Formulation of the problem are: 1. How do the condition of the socio-economicand culture in the border of Indonesia - Malaysia? 2. What is the condition of infrastructure in theborder and what is the urgent infrastructure to be built? 3. What are policy and strategy of theIndonesian government of the border of society development between Indonesia (Entikong) andMalaysia (Sarawak)? The purpose of writing are: 1. Comparing the condition of the socio-economicand culture of border both Indonesia and Malaysia. 2. Comparing the condition of the infrastructureof border both Indonesia and Malaysia and determining the infrastructure to be built. 3. Describingthe Indonesian government policy and strategy in development acceleration of economic society in theborder between Indonesia, especially Entikong Sub-District of Sanggau Regency West Kalimantanand Malaysia (Sarawak). Although, the commitment and the governments policy have given a higherpriority in the reorientated development of border, which those of security (security approach) into awelfare orientation (prosperity approach), but overall, the issue of society development in Indonesiaborder, especially the District Entikong Sanggau Regency West Kalimantan and Malaysia (Sarawak)so far can be said that are still not getting proportional attention. The indication, though a variety ofpolicies, regulations or laws relating to efforts to accelerate economic development of border societieshave been made. Various issues and problems are faced by the border, both land and sea borders canbe solved by more focused and targeted on six aspects, these are policy, economic and socio-cultural,defense and security, natural resources management, institutional and management authority, as wellas cooperation inter nations.

MEMBANGUN DAN MENGELOLA KAWASAN PERBATASAN: MENJAGA KEUTUHAN DAN MEMPERTAHANKAN KEDAULATAN INDONESIA

Indonesia should be able to maintain its territorial integrity and its sovereignty, including parts of Indonesia border. The problem is not just to set of and affirmed the border line but how to put the border region as part of Indonesian territory. Efforts to preserve and defend the territorial integrity of Indonesia should be based on the paradigm of welfare (through development and education), and the paradigm of security (to provide protection to the citizens who live in the border area, and to provide protection and supervision of the Indonesian territory in the border area). Development and management of Indonesian territory in the border area should be done in an integrated and sustainable way.

Pengelolaan Wilayah Perbatasan Berbasis Integrated Border Management (IBM) dalam Meningkatkan Daya Saing Investasi dan Perdagangan Indonesia

Position of Indonesia-Singapore borders are ais very strategic, such a position, however, has not been optimally utilized. Borders area is an enticingentrance for investors. Accordingly, there will be a need of integrated management so as to be able to improve competitiveness mainly in the field of investment and trade. The reason why management model more suitably refers to the IBM because the model in some countries has successfully maximized function o fborders area. This research aims to study and give input into implementation of Border Management mainly Integrated Border Management (IBM) in the area of Indonesia Borders, especially Indonesia-Singapore Borders, as an effort to promote Indonesia competitiveness in the sector of trade and investment.
 This research employs single case study qualitative analysis approach. The research focuses on the making of competitiveness of investment and trade in Indonesia’s borders region (Riau Island), referring to IBM and competitiveness parameter so as to be towards single face inborders management in borders area. Location of doing research is Batam and Tanjungpinang. Informen are involved in this study could be Secretary and Staff of Borders Management Board of Riau Island Province, Workers of Riau Island Immigration Office, Tanjungpinang City Customs Office, BP-Batam, PT KSP and expert judgment Prof. Asep Warlan, Prof. Rusadi Kantaprawira and Agus GK (Komisi I DPR-RI)
 The results of the research demontrated that: (1) Impediments to Indonesia-Singapore (Batam-Bintan) Border Area Management are lack of manpower owned by Border Management Board of Riau Islands Province, increasingly global trade, lack of law and regulations of borders, (2) IBM based- border are a management has been running, however has not been so adequate in line with challenges of current border management, (3) Mechanism of trade and company permissions to run all their business transactions are done through one office, whereas investment procedure in Indonesia-Singapore border area is done through one roof policy, (4) Implementation of Integrated Border Management principle to management of border in the area of Indonesia-Singapore border has referred to the emerging of Single Administrative Document (SAD) and Single Window (SW), however implementation of Single Window in the area of Indonesia-Singapore border has not been optimal.
 The results of the research might contribute to development of management science mainly border management, and might be are ference to implementation of border area management strategy done by National Board of Border Management, in special Border Management Board of Riau Islands Province by referring to IBM (SAD and SW) insearch of moving towards single face in border management.

PELUANG MENURUT UNCLOS DAN HUKUM POSITIF INDONESIA UNTUK MEMBUKA KEMBALI EKSPOR PASIR LAUT KE SINGAPURA

Development of Riau Island Province as one of Indonesian strategic border regions is a must. National and provincial budget used for strengthening the region should obtain finacial support from seasand export revenue. Seasand export revenue, however, could not be expected for the export was banned by the government since 2002. Result of legal research on this matter shows that UNCLOS and Indonesian positive laws give an opportunity to reopen the export. Efforts to reopen the export should be supported by argumentation based on the law of the sea which will be discussed through this paper. Keywords: seasand export, UNCLOS

Development at the Margins: Livelihood and Sustainability of Communities at Malaysia - Indonesia Borders

Development at the Margins: Livelihood and Sustainability of Communities at Malaysia - Indonesia Borders

Conflict Management of Renewable Natural Resources in the Border of Indonesia-Malaysia: Sustainable Environmental Approach

Limitations and abundance of natural resources have become some of the conflict triggers of renewable natural resources at the border of Indonesia and Malaysia. There are fundamental differences between the conflicts over renewable natural resources and non-renewable natural resources especially in the border area. The renewable natural resource conflict is cyclical, while the non- renewable resources conflicts only apply temporarily in the same location. The analysis uses modification of RAFISH method by using multidimensional scaling (MDS) technique. This index indicates that only economic dimension is sustainable, legal and institutional dimensions are less sustainable and ecological, socio-cultural and technology dimensionsare not sustainable. According to leverage analysis, it shows that thereare some attributessuch as leverage factor to ecological, socio-cultural and technology dimensions.

Wild and Valuable? Tourist Values for Orang-utan Conservation in Sarawak

Fluffy, orange and endearing, orang-utans have won the hearts of people all over the world. However, all sub-species are endangered in the wild with the Bornean orang-utan population having declined by more than 50% over the past 60 years. Fewer than 2,000 wild orang-utans remain in Sarawak with nearly all truly wild ones confined to a remote site on the Indonesian border. Yet each year thousands of tourists and local Sarawak people see orang-utans semi-wild in a reserve or captive in a rehabilitation centre. We investigated the attitudes of such tourists towards the conservation of the remaining wild populations by means of questionnaires, including a choice experiment. Sixty percent of the respondents were, in principle, willing to pay to ensure survival of a wild orang-utan population. International tourists tended to regard wild survival as being more important than having a high probability of seeing orang-utans personally-indeed they preferred wild orang-utans to be hard to find. Malaysian tourists were more inclined to favour investment in the small number of captive or semi-wild animals. Using conservative judgements of the difference between stated and real willingness-to-pay, we estimated that about USD 6.6 million per year could be made available to wild orang-utan conservation from voluntary contributions by visitors to the semi-wild animals. We also estimated that the 40% of visitors to these facilities who come to Sarawak primarily because of the apes, bring between USD 13 and USD 23 million into the local economy each year through their expenditure on local businesses, about 0.6% of the income earned by Sarawak from timber products. Our results suggest that far fewer would come if there were no wild orang-utans in Sarawak. Thus the value of wild orang-utans in Sarawak can be delivered through the captive facilities but the economic benefits from orang-utans require both captive and wild orang-utans.

THE POLITICS OF HERITAGE

Relations between Indonesia and Malaysia are generally characterised by diplomatic pleasantries, with reference often made to ‘shared values’, ‘special relationship’ and ‘common cultural traditions’, all of which are purportedly anchored by the same racial and ethnic ‘stock’ (serumpun). Malaysian politicians and media in particular often mention the familial bond between the two countries (persaudaraan), borne by a common language, culture and history. Yet, in a general sense, bilateral ties over the last decade have been marked by rivalry, acrimony and conflict. Key issues include Malaysia's cavalier treatment of Indonesian foreign workers and various border or territorial disputes. Underlying these tensions is a low-level dispute over shared Indo-Malay cultural heritage and art forms, which increasingly overshadows all other aspects of the bilateral relationship. This article examines two of the most prominent bilateral spats in terms of this ongoing politicisation of cultural heritage: (1) the Southeast Asian (SEA) Games held in Jakarta and Palembang in 2011; and (2) UNESCO's awarding of batik as a distinctly Indonesian form of intangible cultural heritage.

Flouting the law: vigilante justice and regional autonomy on the Indonesian border

After the Asian Economic Crisis in 1997 and the fall of president Suharto’s authoritarian regime in 1998, rural and urban Indonesia experienced a surge in vigilante killings and the rise of non-state forms of authorities working within the twilight of legality and illegality, assuming the role of the state. Institutional uncertainty, large-scale decentralisation reforms and the deterioration of formal legal authority in post-New Order Indonesia encouraged these processes. This apparent ‘lawlessness’ became especially evident along the fringes of the Indonesian state where state authority has continuously been contested and in a state of fl ux. This paper argues that observing these processes of lawlessness and vigilantism from the borderlands provides us with an exceptional window to understand the ambiguous relationship between law and order in post-New Order Indonesia.

Chapter 1: Research Issues

We report here on field and laboratory investigations motivated by several complementary issues in anthropology and museum studies that began in 1990 along 350 km of shoreline between the Indonesian border and the small village of Kaiep (or Kep) on the Sepik coast of Papua New Guinea. We also draw on additional information gleaned from the ethnographic material culture collections housed at the Field Museum purchased locally by Museum curators and others a century ago at villages on the 710 km of coast between Madang and the international border with Indonesia.

Distribution of Edibles Wild Taro (Aroid Plant) on The Different Altitude (Shoutern Slope of Wonogiri and Pacitan)

On the dry region of Wonogiri Regency and Pacitan Regency, in the Central Java and East Java Province's border of Indonesia, there is a potential group of plant which is still disguise from the researcher's attention. These wild edible tuberous plant, were actually have potential source of carbohydrate as an alternative to rice or corn inside the forest system or agro-forestry system. Their minimum maintenance, adaptability to drought and shading make them a potential plant as the staple food for the local people residing inside or in the forest's buffer zone. Wild taro ( Aracaceae family) existence in the forest system or agro-forestry might increase the economic sustainability of forest. Using a Randomized block design method on the 5 plots sample located on the Northern slope of Wonogiri dry-land, the density and distribution type of wild taro and taro-like plants were surveyed. There were six genus of wild tuberous plant with 12 identified species and several endemic species identified. Xantosoma sp has the highest population, and generally the aroid plants have clumped distribution. Current situation of economical importance of other commodity and relationship with human agricultural activities may vary the distribution of Taro. Keywords: Edible wild taro, distribution, altitude

STRATEGI PEMBANGUNAN KAWASAN PERBATASAN KALIMANTAN BARAT – SARAWAK DALAM KONTEKS PENGUATAN KETAHANAN NASIONAL

The border of Indonesia and neighbouring state region ever peep out very complex strategic issues of economic life, political, social, cultural, law enforcement, defence and security state. It’s free Island of Simpadan and Ligitan to hand of Malaysia and Ambalat conflict are represent the real example of small part of the strategic issue becoming threat factual to sovereignty of Indonesia state. Special particularly in region border of West Kalimantan and Sarawak (East Malaysia) which is very loaded with the left behind problem, poorness and various tranasional crime. In consequence needed a correct development strategy to its eliminate so that created a strong national resilience in that area.

Peran Hukum Internasional dan Perbatasan Wilayah Negara

RecentlyIndonesia is facing the issues of the border with Malaysia. After facing the Sipadan and Ligitan conflict, Indonesia and Malaysia have been disputing to claim the Ambalat area. Aregion is an important factor of a country. The alteration of the border of a region does not change the status of a country. Also, an unclear border of a region does not alternate the existence of a country. This paper describes some theories relating to the role of the International Law in a countrys border. Some discusses the profile of the border of Indonesia relating to its neighboring countries,such as Thailand and Australia. This paper also analysis the role of the Intemational Law in the issue of countrys border, particularly Indonesia, focusing the on the intemal and extemal functions of the International Law. The external function could be used as a base of Indonesian diplomacy at the international level. The intemal function would be utilizedas a tool to harmonize the National Law of Indonesia, however, this is not conducted yet.

East Timor: The Price of Freedom

Introduction: East Timor troubled path to freedom the Santa Cruz massacre and its aftermath Indonesia in crisis from autonomy to referendum the paramilitary campaign the United Nations voting for independence betrayal dispersal and deportation - the humanitarian crisis weeks too late. Part 1 Colonial failure: settlement and exchange colonial interplay the structure of Timorese society reproduction and resistance pacification - the two political systems. Part 2 East Timor and Indonesia - political developments from the Pacific War to the Portuguese Revolution: Indonesia rebellion. Part 3 Changing strategies - the emergence of political parties and the Indonesian response: party formation diplomacy BAKIN and its allies Fretilin's programme realism Portuguese style coalition the right to independence. Part 4 From coalition to coup and independence - the Indonesia campaign against East Timor: Fretilin and its groupings -the road to Macau coup and its allies Fretilin's administration Indonesia's border strategy independence and invasion. Part 5 Invasion, resistance and the international response : military myths. Part 6 The Indonesian occupation - encirclement and annihilation: Fretilin's administration of its areas ideological and military campaigns a population uprooted. Part 7 As bad as Biafra -population resettlement and starvation: resettlement resistance quelled. Part 8 Military control - imprisonment, killings and human rights abuses: disappearances imprisonment established procedures terrorized population. Part 9 Military campaigns and the Indonesian transformation of East Timor: Fretilin - defeat an dre-emergence Operasi Keamanan - the final cleansing aid - use and abuse structural transformation - the military project transmigration military monopolies re-education and control. Part 10 Ascertaining the facts - the Indonesian-Fretilin ceasefire and the visit of the Australian delegation: ceasefire the delegation's visit interception massacre further visits. Part 11 The development of opposition and Indonesian plans for the resocialization of east Timor: the role of the church and the growing opposition to Indonesian rule the ultimate transformation - Indonesian strategies for birth control military stalemate. Part 12 In their best interests - strategies for East Timor in the international community: strategy, economics and politics monitoring and commitment. Part 13 What of the future? scenarios for East Timor: changes in Indonesia.