Agricultural Sector In Indonesia Research Articles

ANALYSIS OF FACTORS AFFECTING STOCK PRICES OF COMPANIES IN THE AGRICULTURE SECTOR

Based on data from BPS (Statistics Indonesia) for 2019-2021, the agricultural sector in Indonesia dominated employment and attracted investment interest from various parties. This study analyzes the impact of fundamental analysis and macroeconomic variables on the fluctuations in stock prices of agricultural sector companies from 2019 to 2023. The aim is to examine the effects of Return on Assets (ROA), Price-Earnings Ratio (PER), Debt to Equity Ratio (DER), and Earnings Price Ratio (EPR) on the stock price movements of agricultural sector companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange (IDX). The study employs a descriptive analysis method, involving the collection, organization, and analysis of data to accurately depict the investigated issue. Data collection was conducted at the IDX from 2019 to 2023 through library research methods, using secondary data in the form of financial reports of agricultural sector companies available on www.idx.co.id. The study utilizes a simple regression analysis model with Eviews 6.0 software to process statistical and econometric data. The panel data combines time series and cross-section data, analyzed using fixed effect and random effect approaches to estimate the regression model. Estimation methods include pooled regression/pooled least squares, assuming constant coefficients for each time and space. The research results indicate that the LSDV/FEM panel regression model is the best, with variables such as DER, Earnings Per Share (EPS), PER, ROA, world oil prices, and the rupiah exchange rate collectively having a significant impact on stock prices in the agricultural sector. Additionally, classical assumption analysis shows that the data is stationary, normally distributed, free from multicollinearity, heteroscedasticity, and autocorrelation. The managerial implication of these findings is that investors should consider purchasing stocks in the agricultural sector, taking into account fundamental conditions, macroeconomic factors, and technical analysis.

Analysis Of Lempuyang Commodity Marketing Channels In Sukoharjo Regency

The agricultural sector in Indonesia includes various subsectors, one of which is medicinal plants. Sukoharjo Regency is one of the areas in Central Java Province that has high potential for cultivating medicinal plants, one of which is lempuyang. Lempuyang is used by some farmers and the community by selling it directly to consumers or processing it into processed products. Lempuyang cultivation has quite promising value, however obstacles in farming are also experienced by lempuyang farmers in Sukoharjo Regency, namely the relatively low income of farmers. This research aims to determine the marketing channels for lempuyang commodities in Sukoharjo Regency. This research uses descriptive analysis methods. Sampling of farmers used a probability sampling system and sample determination was carried out using the proportional sampling method using Lemeshow calculations with the results of 96 respondents. Sampling of producers, traders and consumers uses a purposive method with certain criteria. Based on research that has been carried out, it can be seen that there are four marketing channels for lempuyang in Sukoharjo Regency, namely channels I: Farmers-Traders-Consumers, channels II: Farmers-Collectors¬-Traders-Consumers, channels III: Farmers-Collectors¬-Semi-finished materials industry- Traders-Consumers, and channels IV: Farmers-Collectors¬-Fixed materials industry-Traders-Consumers. It is hoped that this research will enable farmers to achieve marketing efficiency and find out which channels provide the highest profits.

Optimizing Agricultural Mechanization to Enhance The Efficiency and Productivity of Farming In Indonesia: A Review

Agricultural mechanization has emerged as a cornerstone of modernizing the agricultural sector in Indonesia, playing a pivotal role in enhancing productivity and efficiency. The growing population and the necessity for increased agricultural output have driven the adoption of mechanization to overcome challenges such as labor shortages and the adverse effects of climate anomalies. The introduction of agricultural equipment follows a selective principle by considering the local area's socioeconomic conditions. Future agricultural mechanization utilizes technologies based on weather analysis, soil sensor information, and satellite and drone imaging that can increase agricultural productivity. Precision agriculture innovation to improve the accuracy of farm business management is carried out by utilizing sensor systems, drones, remote sensing, digital technology, and the Internet of Things (IoT) to collect, process, and present data that smart farming systems will use. Integrated information system innovations for the supply chain are designed to bridge farmers, distributors, markets, and end buyers by utilizing mobile applications. The traditional to modern transition process and the implementation of smart digital farming require mentoring and field learning in the agricultural process from upstream to downstream. This review provides a comprehensive overview of the development, challenges, opportunities, and prospects of agricultural mechanization in Indonesia, offering insights into how these efforts can support the country's economic growth and food security. Materials were prepared from various sources, including development planning documentation program reports, evaluation, and critical analysis of different research results.

The Criminal Liability in the Context of Fertilizer Trade in Indonesia

Indonesia is an agricultural country and its agricultural sector which important in meeting food needs. On its journey, the agricultural sector in Indonesia is developing to improve the quality and production of food needs. Then, the fertilizer process has an important role in increasing the production of agricultural products, and the government needs to implement policies to subsidize the price of fertilizers for fertilizer distributors and arrange the regulations underlying the policy. If the fertilizer trade for fertilizer distributors is based on more than clear regulations, how can Indonesia's agricultural journey run. Thus, this study aims to attempt to describe the criminal liability of fertilizer trade based on court decisions at the first level up to the cassation level (namely, Decision Number. 137/pid.sus/2020/PN.Btg, Court of Appeal (Number. 487/Pid.Sus/2020/PT SMG and Cassation Decision Number. 78/Pid.Sus/2022). This study is normative research with a case approach, requiring secondary data in legal documents and references relevant to the subject matter. Data were collected by identification and inventory and then analyzed using the basic principles of criminal law. The novelty is fulfilling criminal liability is not enough regarding the psychological aspects (adult, healthy mind). However, it must also fulfill the normative measure of the act. The results showed that the defendant in the first instance and appellate level decisions were able to take liabilitybut was not sentenced because the element of the action in the prosecutor's charge, which stated "conducting trading business activities without having a license in the field of trade granted by the Ministry" was not fulfilled/proven, because the defendant had a trading business license (SIUP) issued by the Integrated Investment and Licensing Agency Number: 519/054/2014 dated June 04, 2014, under the name of the Agricultural Facilities and Organic Fertilizer Shop "Tani Jaya." The cassation verdict of the defendant can be held responsible and sentenced to punishment because measures from the psychological aspect are fulfilled. The measurements are from the normative aspect demanded by the public prosecutor, especially the elements that are also fulfilled. It can be consluded that based on the court's decision to measure the perpetrator's liability for a criminal offense, two measures must be met in imposing punishment.

The market reactions for deferred compliance of IAS 41: an analysis of the agriculture sector in Indonesia

Research aims: This study aims to investigate the market reaction of post-IAS 41 implementation in Indonesia. IAS 41 Agriculture requires companies to measure biological assets at fair value, which will increase asset values and profit in the first year of its implementation. The increase in the asset values can have a favorable impact on companies’ share prices as fair value was not applied in Indonesia prior to the adoption of IAS 41. In addition, this study analyzes the disclosure compliance of IAS 41 in the interim reports during the implementation year.Design/Methodology/Approach: This study used non-parametric statistics, precisely the Wilcoxon Signed Rank Test and content analysis of financial statement disclosure about IAS 41 Agriculture. The sample of the study comprised 27 Indonesian companies with agriculture assets during the first year of the implementation of IAS 41. Research findings: The results of this study suggest no significant difference in market abnormal return after the first annual financial statements post-IAS 41 implementation were released in the first quarter of 2018. The results also indicate that at least 50% of the 27 sample companies did not use fair value for their biological assets in their first quarter of interim report during the implementation year. The use of fair value was only observed in the last quarter of 2018, as most companies made an effort to apply fair value. The late implementation of fair value in IAS 41 may explain the insignificance of the market's abnormal return reaction in the first quarter of the adoption year when the financial reports were released.Practitioner/Policy implication: The adoption of the new standard requires companies to comply with it right in the first quarter of the implementation year. The capital market regulator should impose stricter requirements for listed companies to apply the new standard starting with the first quarter of financial reports.Research limitation/Implication: The limitations of this study concern the observation period used for calculating abnormal returns, which did not conclude a ‘pure’ market reaction, and the sample of this research was limited to three industries: agriculture, basic chemicals, and consumer goods.

Food Distribution Models to Determine Distribution Routes, Distances and Costs

The agricultural sector is one of the sectors that has an important role in supporting the Indonesian economy. The agricultural sector in Indonesia needs to continue to be developed in line with population growth and technological developments to increase agricultural production. The problem that occurs is handling so that deficit areas will get supplies from surplus areas, so good food distribution is needed to aggregate and distribute these supplies as needed so that the basic needs of the community are met fairly and equitably. To overcome this, a food distribution model is needed to be able to accumulate the process of distributing food products, especially rice from commodity warehouses to 9 warehouses spread across Serang Regency, as a solution to the problems that occur and aims to achieve low cost efficiency by determining efficient and optimal routes, distances, and distribution costs using the Saving Matrix method and Nearest Neighbor. Based on this method, 3 routes were formed with a total distribution distance of 294.5 km. The allocation of vehicles used is 3 units of tronton trucks with a capacity of 45 tons. The distribution cost needed is Rp.1.934.866,- every day or Rp.58.045.980,- per month in other words the cost requirement every year is Rp.696.551.760,- Keywords: Agricultural Sector, Distribution Model, Saving Matrix and Nearest Neighbor

Carboxymethyl Cellulose-Blended Films from Rice Stubble as a New Potential Biopolymer Source to Reduce Agricultural Waste: A Mini Review

The vegetative part of the rice plant, Oryza sativa L., that remains after paddy fields have been cleared during harvest or afterward is known as rice stubble. Carboxymethyl Cellulose from Rice Stubble (CMCr) is a promising biopolymer source that can be made from rice stubble waste. Carboxymethyl cellulose was synthesized from rice stubble by a solvent-casting method. Various types of plasticizers (glycerol and olive oil) and the components they contain provide flexibility for use as a material for food packaging. The films' moisture barrier was enhanced by the olive oil content while their extensibility was enhanced by the glycerol content. Indonesia is known as a country with the majority of the population working as farmers. Along with the increase in rice harvested area each year, agricultural waste in the form of rice stubble is also increasing. In the future, the application of CMCr in food packaging has the potential to revolutionize sustainable practices in Indonesia's agricultural sector. By leveraging CMCr's unique properties, such as enhanced moisture barrier and increased extensibility, there is an opportunity to develop eco-friendly packaging solutions. This innovation not only addresses the challenge of rising rice stubble waste but also contributes to the reduction of environmental pollution, offering a greener and more sustainable approach to packaging in the country.

Analysis of Rahn and Murabahah Financing in Baitul Maal Wa Tamwil (BMT): Qualitative Study of Agricultural Businesses in Kanigoro, Blitar Regency, Indonesia

The agricultural sector in Indonesia plays an important role in supporting food security and economic stability. However, this sector is still faced with various obstacles, one of which is limited access to capital. Baitul Maal Wa Tamwil (BMT) as an Islamic microfinance institution offers financing solutions for farmers using sharia principles, such as rahn and murabahah. This research aims to analyze the rahn and murabahah financing schemes implemented by BMT in Kanigoro, Blitar Regency, as well as their impact on agricultural businesses in the area. This research uses a qualitative approach with a case study method. Data was collected through in-depth interviews with BMT administrators, rahn and murabahah financing customers, as well as other related parties. The data analysis technique was carried out using thematic analysis. BMT in Kanigoro, Blitar Regency implements rahn and murabahah financing schemes with sharia principles in accordance with the provisions of the Islamic religion. Rahn financing uses collateral, while murabahah financing uses a buying and selling system with an agreed profit margin. BMT rahn and murabahah financing has several advantages compared to conventional financing, namely: Based on sharia principles that avoid usury; Easy and fast application process; Competitive interest rates; Assistance and coaching for customers. However, BMT also faces several challenges in carrying out this financing, namely: Lack of public understanding about sharia financing; Strict requirements for applying for financing; High risk of crop failure. In conclusion, the rahn and murabahah financing offered by BMT in Kanigoro, Blitar Regency is an alternative solution for farmers in accessing capital. The implementation of this financing scheme has a positive impact on agricultural businesses and improves farmer welfare.

Uji Efektivitas Kombinasi Pupuk Kandang Sapi dan Ayam untuk Meningkatkan Pertumbuhan dan Hasil Padi (Oryza sativa L.) Varietas Lampai Sirandah

Rice (Oryza sativa L.) is the main commodity in the agricultural sector in Indonesia, especially in Sijunjung Regency, West Sumatra Province. Rice production in this region is influenced by several factors, including increasingly limited land, suboptimal cultivation techniques, and lack of attention to the use of high-yielding varieties. One of the superior varieties being developed in Sijunjung Regency is the Lampai Sirandah variety of rice, which has several advantages including resistance to pests or diseases and high productivity. The purpose of the study was to get the best results from the combination of cow manure with chicken manure for Lampai Sirandah rice plants. Research with the Group Randomized Design (RAK) method at 5 treatment levels and 5 repeats, so that there are a total of 25 experimental units. The treatment given consists of 5 levels of fertilizer doses, namely A = control B = Cow Manure 0.504 g + Chicken Manure 0.504 g, C = Cow Manure 0.576 g + Chicken Manure 0.576 g, D = Cow Manure 0.648 g + Chicken Manure 0.648 g, E = Cow Manure 0, 72 g + Chicken Manure 0.72 g. The results showed that the E treatment reached a maximum height of 56±1.57 cm and the longest panicle (23±0.5 cm). The conclusion of the study showed that the combination of cow and chicken manure had a significant impact on the growth of rice plants of lampai sirandah varieties in treatment E reaching a maximum height of 56±1.57 cm and the longest panicle (23±0.5 cm) while the best results in treatment A and C (66±4.5), number of panicles (3±0.5), panicle length (23±0.5a), grain weight/panicle (8.00±4.0), and the weight of grain/clump (20.80±15) in treatment E and for the weight of 1000 grains found in treatment C (0.38±0.0). In addition, the results showed that the optimal dose for chicken manure mixture lies in treatment E at a dose of 0.72 kg/m2. Keywords: organic fertilizer, growth, yield lampai sirandah

Sharia Banking Contract Model: Alternative Financing For the Agricultural Sector in Indonesia

Introduction: In the Islamic conceptualization, banking has a central position as a financing institution for every Muslim that is free from ribawi elements. Sharia banking has made various efforts, such as formulating innovative products to meet credit needs. Unfortunately, these efforts are hampered by several factors, especially the mode of Sharia banking and the limited knowledge of Sharia banking staff regarding fiqh. One of the Sharia banking products that cannot be implemented until now is contracts sallam. Though Salam contract can accommodate credit needs, especially for farmers, promptly. In this case, of course, Islamic banking needs to take a role and take action to meet the needs of these farmers. Objectives: So, this paper aims to elaborate and formulate a contract model salam in banking by considering the problems faced by sharia banks and farmers. The formulation of the problem is how the contract model salam in sharia banking for agricultural financing in Indonesia. Method The approach used in this paper is qualitative with the type of research being the analysis content Results: The result of this research is that a contract salam can be implemented in Sharia banking. However, it requires an integration model from Sharia banking to microfinance institutions so that contract financing salam can be accommodated very well. Implications: It is hoped that this research will have an impact in formulating contract models salam which so far cannot be implemented in sharia banking.

Indonesian Agricultural Sector Regional Value Chain in Regional Comprehensive Economic Partnership (RCEP)

Indonesian Agricultural Sector Regional Value Chain in Regional Comprehensive Economic Partnership (RCEP)

Effect of Silver Black Plastic Mulch and Organic Fertilizer Dosage on Plant Chlorophyll Growth and Content Cayenne Pepper (Capsicum annum L.)

Cayenne pepper is one of the leading horticultural products in the agricultural sector in Indonesia. In order for plants to grow optimally and produce well, it is necessary to apply silver black plastic mulch and a dose of organic fertilizer. This study aims to determine the growth and chlorophyll content of cayenne pepper plants using black silver plastic mulch and doses of organic fertilizer. The study used a randomized block design with 8 treatment combinations and 3 repetitions. The arrangement of treatments was as follows: M0P0: without mulch + 0 kg/m2, M0P1: without mulch+ 1 kg/m2, M0P2: without mulch+ 1.5 kg/m2, M0P3: without mulch+ 2 kg/m2, M1P0: MPHP + 0 kg /m2, M1P1: MPHP + 1 kg/m2, M1P2: MPHP + 1.5 kg/m2, M1P3: MPHP + 2 kg/m2. The results on plant height and leaf number observations on days 28 and 40 showed that the silver black plastic mulch factor make a real impact. Organic fertilizer significantly affected leaf length on day 40, while the interaction of silver black plastic mulch and dose of organic fertilizer affected leaf length and leaf area on day 40. The best combination in this study was black silver plastic mulch and a dose of 1.5 kg organic fertilizer/m2.

Implikasi Agreement on Agriculture (Aoa/Wto) Terhadap Pengaturan Perdagangan Produk Pertanian Indonesia

The aim of this scientific writing is to find out the legal implications of the AoA/WTO for trade in the Indonesian agricultural sector, as well as to find out how Indonesia provides legal protection for trade in agricultural products due to the liberalization of world trade. This scientific research uses normative juridical research methods, and the data collected will be analyzed juridically qualitatively, then the results of this research will be described descriptively analytically. From the research results, the author obtained data that to implement the AoA/WTO provisions, Indonesia updated its legal provisions in the agricultural sector through several national provisions. However, this implementation has implications that have a negative impact on farmers, as a result trade in the Indonesian agricultural sector decreases, such as imports of food products increasing, farmers' income decreasing, there are no subsidies for farmers, food insecurity and hunger, Bulog becomes a company, and etc. To anticipate the negative impact of trade liberalization on the agricultural sector, the Indonesian government has made such efforts, such as enacting Law No. 29 of 2000, concerning the protection of plant varieties, Presidential Decree No. 77 of 2005, concerning the procurement and distribution of subsidized fertilizers, at the beginning of September 2007, The Decree of the Coordinating Minister for the Economy gave full authority to Bulog, in May 2007, the government issued a Draft Government Regulation (RPP) concerning the National Agrarian Reform Program (PPAN) / Landreform, and at the international level, Indonesia created the SP (Special Product) and SSM (Special Product) programs. Safeguard Mechanism) which is still being fought for in the WTO forum to get its ratification.

Maksimisasi Keuntungan pada Usaha Hidroponik

Cultivating vegetables using the hydroponic method is essential in developing Indonesia's agricultural sector. Vegetables are a type of food that is consumed at any time, so there is always a stable demand all the time. The ever-increasing demand and awareness of the importance of nutritious food make hydroponics an attractive option. The potential for high demand for vegetables opens up many business opportunities to meet people's needs, including cultivating hydroponic vegetables. This research aims to analyze the actual profits of hydroponic businesses and the maximum profits they can generate. The research location is in Deedad Hidroponik, Tamalate District, Makassar City, from July to October 2023. Primary data was collected through interviews and direct observation of owners and employees, and secondary data was obtained from previous studies related to this research. Linear programming analysis via the Simplex Method is used to analyze Deedad Hidroponik's profit maximization. Profit analysis involves production costs, inputs, production results, and business revenues. The research results show that Deedad Hidroponikis can generate profits of IDR 6,980,492 from various types of vegetables. Deedad Hidroponik's source of profit comes from the production of 4 kinds of vegetables: lettuce, bok choy, kale, and spinach. Through a linear programming approach, Deedad Hidroponikwill achieve maximum profits if they plant vegetables with a combination of 625 planting holes for lettuce, 302 planting holes for bok choy, 257 planting holes for kale, and 260 planting holes for spinach; therefore, they could increase profits to IDR 7,496,783 with the potential increase of 7.38%. This shows that selecting vegetable types and resource allocation can be optimized to achieve maximum profits.

Strategi Pemasaran Produk Sayur Hindroponik “Mount Harvest” Di PT Anugerah Bumi Trawas Surabaya

The agricultural sector in Indonesia is an important sector in national economic growth. Most of Indonesia's population lives in rural areas and more than half of the population depends on the agricultural sector for their living. The development of the agricultural sector includes not only food crop commodities, but also plantation and horticultural crops. Horticultural commodities have high economic value, so that horticultural agribusiness (fruit, vegetables, floriculture and medicinal plants) can be a source of income for the community and farmers, both small, medium and large scale. Vegetables are the main food requirement after rice. Hydroponic vegetables are relatively more expensive because the process is not natural or in other words requires technology. So, the growing process is also much faster than organic vegetables. The advantages of hydroponic vegetables are that they are more hygienic, safer to consume, the vegetables are crisper, the higher water content can dissolve fat more effectively, the skin will be better nourished if consumed regularly, reduces triglyceride levels thereby preventing the risk of high cholesterol. Therefore, this is able to attract the attention of consumers to make it suitable for consumption. Changes in people's lifestyles form a new lifestyle, namely a healthy lifestyle. People's lifestyles reflect consumption patterns, so a healthy lifestyle makes people switch to consuming hydroponic vegetables which are considered healthier. Marketing of hydroponic agricultural products in Indonesia is quite rapid, this can be seen from the development with the increasing number of hydroponic agricultural products being sold in outlets. and large supermarkets in Indonesia, including hydroponic vegetables. Marketing of hydroponic vegetables is important to pay attention to, because it involves fulfilling consumer demand for food needs.
 

The Complex Dynamics of Agricultural Taxation in Developing Countries - Insights from Indonesia

The agricultural sector in Indonesia holds significant importance in the nation's economy, contributing substantially to the Gross Domestic Product (GDP) while facing challenges in tax revenue collection due to the predominance of micro and small-scale players. This paper examines the unique tax approaches in the agricultural sector, considering the complexities of taxation in developing countries. Through a comprehensive literature review, the study explores four key factors influencing tax compliance: economic factors, non-economic factors, tax administration, and perceptions of tax complexity. The research framework incorporates insights from various scholarly sources, including Scopus and Google Scholar, to provide a holistic understanding of agricultural taxation dynamics. The review reveals a nuanced landscape where taxation policies impact market dynamics, welfare outcomes, and historical trends in the agricultural sector. The synthesis highlights the importance of balancing efficiency and equity in tax systems, considering the specific needs of agricultural producers. Furthermore, the study underscores the significance of tax knowledge, effective tax administration, and clear communication in fostering voluntary compliance among farmers. Moreover, the analysis delves into the complexity of tax design, emphasizing the interplay between tax rates, emissions, investment, and perceptions of fairness. The paper identifies opportunities for future research, including exploring regional variations in tax knowledge impact, assessing the effectiveness of tax audit approaches, and examining innovative tax management tools for agricultural enterprises. Overall, the study contributes to understanding agricultural taxation dynamics and provides insights for policymakers seeking to optimize tax policies in developing countries.

Modeling the Farmer Exchange Rate in Indonesia Using the Vector Error Correction Model Method

The agricultural sector plays a crucial role in the Indonesian economy. However, the farm sector still has serious problems, including agricultural product prices, which often fall when the harvest supply is abundant. So often, the income obtained is not proportional to the price spent by farmers, which has an impact on decreasing the welfare of farmers. An indicator to observe changes in the interest of Indonesian farmers is the Farmer Exchange Rate Index (NTP). This study aims to form a model and project the welfare level of farmers in Indonesia, focusing on NTP indicators, which are caused by the influence of variables such as inflation, Gross Domestic Product (GDP), interest rates, and the rupiah exchange rate. The method used is the Vector Error Correction Model (VECM), used when there are indications that the research variables do not show stability at the initial level and there is a cointegration relationship. The results of this study show that in the long run, significant factors affecting NTP are inflation, interest rates, and the rupiah exchange rate. Meanwhile, in the short term, the variables that have an impact are GDP and the rupiah exchange rate. The resulting VECM model shows a MAPE error rate of 1.79%, indicating excellent performance, as the MAPE error rate is below 10%. The implication of this research is provides information related to NTP projection that can be used to formulate strategies to strengthen Indonesia's agricultural sector.

Pengaruh Umur Petani, Luas Lahan Garapan, Serangan Hama atau Penyakit serta Produktivitas Kakao terhadap Keputusan Petani Mengganti Tanaman Kakao Menjadi Nilam di Desa Puduria Jaya Kabupaten Konawe Selatan

Cocoa and patchouli plants are the two primary commodities in Indonesia's agricultural sector. Technically and economically, cocoa and patchouli cultivation have advantages and disadvantages. These advantages and disadvantages will, of course, impact the costs and revenues of farming. Meanwhile, farmers cultivating cocoa or patchouli commodities aim to obtain maximum income. However, some farmers in South Konawe Regency have decided to switch from cocoa to patchouli. Thus, this study aims to analyze the influence of farmer age, area of ​​cultivated land, pest and plant disease attacks, and cocoa productivity on farmers' decision-making to replace cocoa plants with patchouli. Puduria Jaya Village, part of South Konawe Regency, was chosen as the study location. The study was conducted in April 2020. This study determined 60 farmers who cultivate cocoa and patchouli as the study population. The census method was used to determine the sample of farmers. The variables observed were the farmer's decision to change crop types, age, cultivated land area, pest and plant disease attacks, and cocoa plant productivity. Interviews were carried out for data collection. The collected data was analyzed using binary logistic regression. The results of data analysis show that the productivity of cocoa plants significantly influences the decision-making opportunity for farmers to replace cocoa plants with patchouli. Meanwhile, the farmer's age, cultivated land area, pest attacks, and plant diseases do not have a significant effect. The greater the decline in the productivity of cocoa plants, the more excellent the opportunity for farmers to make decisions to replace cocoa plants with patchouli. Therefore, easy and cheap cocoa cultivation technology is needed to increase the productivity of cocoa farming.

Implementation of Smart Farming-based Agricultural Policy in Trenggalek Regency (Study on the Department of Agriculture and Food in Trenggalek Regency)

Introduction: The role of the agricultural sector in Indonesia is crucial for both the society and the nation as it is closely linked to the national food needs. However, persistent issues in the agricultural sector, such as the quality of agricultural produce, fluctuating prices, and disjointed marketing, render farming unappealing to the younger generation. Government support factors through legal regulations aim to create programs for each local government (Pemda) to develop agriculture. Theoretical Framework: One such program is smart farming in Trenggalek Regency, East Java. This research aims to analyse the implementation of the Smart Farming program in Trenggalek Regency using Grindle's (1980) theory of public policy implementation, integrated with a conceptual model to assess the effectiveness of the innovative farming program. Method: The qualitative approach is directed toward describing, discovering, and analyzing phenomena with unique characteristics. The relevance of employing the qualitative approach is understood in that every issue involves various interrelated and specific phenomena. Conclusion: Agricultural industry must be supported by younger generation, law, policies and modern technology. Various disciplines will lead agricultural industries to become flagship industry in Indonesia.

Potensi Ancaman dan Upaya Mitigasi Emisi Gas Rumah Kaca di Sektor Pertanian Indonesia : Tinjauan Sistematis atas Literatur

Agriculture in Indonesia is a vital sector that can fulfill food needs and provide livelihoods. However, agriculture also contributes to greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. Indonesia's agricultural sector contributes around 14% of emissions globally and 7% nationally. Greenhouse gas emissions such as methane gas CH4, carbon dioxide CO2, and nitrous oxide N2O are generated from agricultural activities ranging from land preparation, fertilization, transportation of agricultural products, to processing in factories. These greenhouse gas emissions influence the climate change that occurs and affect the increase in temperature and rainfall patterns. In mitigation efforts, this study noted several steps taken. Energy conversion, such as the use of biogas from animal manure can reduce CH4 emissions and the use of pellets from palm waste processing can reduce CO2 emissions. Reforestation with special carbon-absorbing plants to reduce CO2 emissions. The use of organic fertilizers as a partial replacement for inorganic fertilizers is useful in reducing CH4 and N2O emissions. Through this systematic review, it is expected to contribute to the understanding of the role of the agricultural sector in greenhouse gas emissions in Indonesia and provide insight into mitigation efforts that can be applied in achieving sustainable agriculture.