Indonesian Workers Research Articles

Perlindungan Hukum Tenaga Kerja Dengan Sistem Outsourcing Di Indonesia

The problem brought up in this research is the implementation of legal protection for outsourcing workers is still minimal, especially with the enactment of Law Number 11 of 2020 on Job Creation, which is considered to be increasingly legalizing outsourcing. The purpose of this research is to analyze the legal protection for outsourced workers in Indonesia. This is a normative juridical research which utilises statutory and conceptual approaches. The source of the research is secondary data in which the analysis was carried out in a qualitative descriptive manner. The results of the study conclude that legal protection for outsourced workers in Indonesia is regulated in Law Number 11 of 2020 on Job Creation. Law Number 11 of 2020 on Job Creation removes the provisions of Article 64 and Article 65 of Law Number 13 of 2003 on Manpower. Article 66 of the Job Creation Law does not include restrictions on jobs that are prohibited from being carried out by outsourced workers, whereas in Article 65 paragraph (2) of the Manpower Law previously it was regulated regarding jobs that could be handed over to other companies. Other provisions allow no time limit for workers which allows workers to be outsourced indefinitely or even for life. The provisions in the Employment Creation Law that protect the rights of outsourced workers are still regulated in Article 66 paragraph (5) of the Job Creation Law related to wages, welfare, working conditions, disputes that arise are the responsibility of the outsourcing company.

Networks of trust: accessing informal work online in Indonesia during COVID-19.

Although studies on digital labour platforms demonstrated how the internet has opened up access to income opportunities in the developing world, an exploration of how informal workers use the internet to access work without an intermediary is missing. Using data from digital ethnography and interviews with workers in Indonesia, this article examines how platform‐based motorcycle taxi drivers and domestic workers accessed work through social media in the time of COVID‐19 when the platforms were not allowed to operate. The evidence suggests that while social media can offer increased opportunities for workers, their success was largely dependent on their social networks and bounded by the algorithms designed by platform owners.

Evaluation of The Minimum Wage Determination System Indonesian Workers Based on Comparison Policy

This study was motivated by an increase in the average provincial minimum wage in 2022 across Indonesia by 1.09%. The percentage increase is considered not proportional to the increase in the price of goods to meet the needs of workers and their families. When compared to the average increase in the minimum wage in previous years, the provision of UMP increases in 2022 is relatively low. This research uses normative legal research methods with secondary data collection techniques. This research aims to educate a wide audience on the system of determining the minimum wage of Indonesian workers based on a comparison of wage policies. In addition, this study will provide an overview of the comparison of the wage system through the method of Government Regulation 78 of 2015 with Government Regulation 36 of 2021. The results of this study showed that the minimum wage determination system with the PP 78 method in 2015 prioritizes workers and their welfare. In addition, the government regulation uses democratic principles and considers the standard of living needs (KHL) in determining its minimum wage. Meanwhile, the minimum wage determination system using the PP 36 of 2021 method uses a established formula. The formula uses the upper median and lower median references in measuring the rate of salary increases of workers in Indonesia.

Indonesian Worker’s Risk Perceptions Analysis of COVID-19

Since August 2020, the COVID-19 pandemic has affected more than 29 million workers in Indonesia. Therefore, worker protection and job creation must be an important priority to emerge more resilient and productive after the COVID-19 crisis. Threat assessment and risk perception are core features of protective-motivation theory and understanding workers' perceptions of COVID-19 risk is expected to help navigate and manage the impact of this pandemic on workers. This study assesses workers' risk perceptions of COVID-19 using a national sample of size N=1,900 of workers in Indonesia. The level of employee risk perception of COVID-19 is relatively high in all workplaces and the workplace also influences the level of risk perception. From all respondents, it is known that the respondent's knowledge about COVID-19, the respondent's behavior towards COVID-19 and the social environmental conditions at the respondent's workplace are all significant predictors of the perceived risk of COVID-19. Age group and type of workplace were found to be significant determinants of perceived risk, compared to the sex and employment status of the examined workers. In all workplaces, respondents stated that the risk of spreading COVID-19 was at a moderate level and the work area was considered an area that had a higher risk of spreading COVID-19 compared to smoking areas and the canteen or pantry.

PENGARUH JUMLAH TENAGA KERJA INDONESIA, INVESTASI DAN REMITANSI TERHADAP PERTUMBUHAN EKONOMI INDONESIA

The Indonesian workforce placement program is one of the alternatives to reduce unemployment in the country. If the contribution of remittances from all TKIs is calculated, which is accompanied by improvements and improvements in the handling of TKI in the future, this sector should be the number one foreign exchange earner for the country capable of increasing economic growth. Economic growth also depends on the development of capital, the importance of investment is one of the main factors and determinants of economic growth. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of the number of Indonesian workers, investment and remittances on Indonesia's economic growth.
 This research was conducted in the State of Indonesia. The type of data used is quantitative data with secondary data. Data collection was carried out through non-participant observation methods, which came from books, notes, and reports from related sources or agencies. The analysis technique used is multiple linear regression and moderated regression using time series data from 2006-2020. The results of this study indicate that all independent variables simultaneously and significantly influence Indonesia's economic growth. The results of the t-test study indicate that the variable number of formal TKI, informal TKI and investment has a positive and significant effect on Indonesia's economic growth, and remittances strengthen the effect of investment on Indonesia's economic growth.

Work engagement among millennial employees: The role of psychological capital and perceived organizational support

Millennials, who have several values, perspectives, and habits different from previous generations, have dominated the profile of workers in Indonesia. Challenges and changes in the company require millennials to be engaged in their work. This study aimed to determine the work engagement of millennial employees through the role of psychological capital and perceived organizational support. The research participants were 225 millennial employees with a minimum working period of six months. The work engagement scale (UWES-17), Psychological Capital Questionnaire (PCQ), and Perceived Organizational Support Scale were used to collect the data. This research was conducted using quantitative methods and analyzed by multiple regression analysis. The results show that psychological capital and perceived organizational support simultaneously contribute to work engagement among millennial employees. Independently, psychological capital and perceived organizational support significantly predict work engagement. These findings indicate both personal factors and situational factors are needed to achieve work engagement. Thus, the finding represents the existence of positive psychological movement on work engagement through the lens of the psychological process mechanism at work.

UPAYA PERLINDUNGAN HUKUM BAGI PARA TENAGA KERJA INDONESIA (TKI) DI LUAR NEGERI DALAM PERSPEKTIF HUKUM INTERNASIONAL

Indonesia is a country that is still in the developing stage and that is also a problem for Indonesia itself due to the lack of human resources and the number of population numbers that continue to increase every year which results in the world of work sector, the lack of job vacancies in Indonesia has resulted in many citizens preferring to go abroad. to find work, they work as Indonesian workers. Indeed, working outside the country has many advantages such as the amount of wages earned. However, in reality there are still many problems regarding Indonesian workers, such as experiencing fraud by their departure agents, smuggling illegal workers, and when they are accepted to work there they receive inhumane treatment by their employers, such as physical violence or sexual violence. In these problems, it is necessary to take legal protection for Indonesian workers to prevent them from inappropriate actions, therefore the role of international law and national law is very much needed in overcoming these problems and cannot be separated from the role of the Indonesian government in protecting Indonesian workers who are abroad, and it should also be known what steps can be taken to protect Indonesian workers abroad.

Pemenuhan Hak Penghasilan Pekerja Rumahan Sektor Usaha Alas Kaki Di Muara Baru Jakarta Utara DKI Jakarta

This home worker in the Muara baru area of North Jakarta is one of the informal sector workers who are still not regulated in Law Number 13 year 2003 concerning Manpower. The situation causes homeworkers have not received recognition and certainty of their work status, they often forgotten in manpower planning policies and have to deal with various obstacles as workers, including the non-fulfillment of their rights as workers in Indonesia. This thesis aims to find out how the mechanism should be taken to ensure the fulfillment of the rights of homeworkers in the regions Muara Baru, North Jakarta and what is the government's role in providing legal protection of the home work system in Indonesia in general and in Muara Baru area, North Jakarta in particular, by knowing in advance how is the legality of work agreements made between homeworkers in the regions Muara Baru, North Jakarta with an employer intermediary. This research using the type of empirical juridical research by conducting interviews fieldwork for homeworkers in the Muara Baru area of North Jakarta, then conduct a study of library materials by reading, studying, review and analyze the literature to develop related studies with the title of this thesis. The results of this study indicate that the legality of the work agreement established between homeworkers in the Muara Baru area of North Jakarta with intermediaries the employer is only limited to a verbal work agreement, while the mechanism must be done in order to create guarantees for the fulfillment of the rights of homeworkers in the regions Muara Baru North Jakarta is through the mobilization of law and the Government in this has not yet come into play. In order to prevent this from happening prolonged, it is necessary to revise Law Number 13 Year 2003 concerning Manpower or the enactment of new Laws and Regulations related to the work-home system.

Pemutusan Hubungan Kerja Lokal Dipekerjakan Oleh Perwakilan Negara Asing Di Indonesia

This thesis focuses on employment termination conflicts between Indonesians and FCRs. Foreign Country Representatives argued that the Indonesia Industrial Relations Court lacks the authority to decide a quo issue since it has diplomatic and state immunity. This study uses normative legal approach and international and domestic law as sources. The 1961 Vienna Convention and the 1963 Vienna Convention, the International Labor Organization's Termination of Employment Convention 1982, and the United Nations Convention on Jurisdictional Immunities of States and Their Property 2005 are the primary sources of international law, while Indonesia's national laws are the Code of Civil Law, Act Number 2 of 2004 on Settlement of Industrial Relations (PPHI), Act Number 11 of 2020 on Job Creation, and a few others. The research also reviews three court decisions on Foreign Country Representatives' termination of employment with Indonesians and compares them to the aforementioned laws. This study found that terminated local employees can sue in Industrial Relations Court. Due to the defendants being foreign state representatives, the case must also comply with the employees' and Foreign Country representations' agreement (e.g. Embassy, Consulate). The Agreement between the two nations controls the Industrial Relations Court's authority in disputes involving Indonesian (local) workers and foreign country representations in Indonesia, as well as court judgements.

Pemberdayaan Ekonomi dan Penyuluhan Vaksin Covid-19 pada Kelompok Remaja Perempuan Yayasan Wakaf Hamalatul Quran di Banda Aceh

The Covid-19 pandemic has harmed the economic sector. As many as 3.05 million workers in Indonesia have been affected by layoffs (PHK) due to the coronavirus in early 2020. This pandemic has made the lives of the Acehnese people even more difficult for certain groups. The worst impact of the pandemic occurred in the lower middle class and women, one of which was the youth in the Aceh Besar region. In the group of young women, family economic problems also overlap with health problems. So by providing capital assistance and training in making mask connectors to groups of young girls, it is hoped that they will not only help them face the current pandemic but also become a new, better source of income in the long term. This is accompanied by educational activities about the importance of implementing health protocols and the benefits of the Covid-19 vaccine. Two methods are used: the first is providing information about Covid-19, Health Protocols, and the benefits of the Covid-19 vaccine, and the second is providing skills to make mask connectors using beads. From the activities carried out, it was known that participants received accurate information about Covid-19, health protocols during a pandemic, and the benefits of the Covid-19 vaccine. Participants had a high enough enthusiasm for the training in making mask connectors. They wanted to develop further the skills built from the results of this community service and marketing methods in the field.

Proposed A Loyalty Program 3.0. Case Study: Morinaga Rewards Club

Indonesia is predicted to become the fourth largest country by world GDP in 2050 by PWC. Human resources on the skills of Indonesian workers are essential factors. Individual workers must be in good health and not lacking in nutrients to achieve optimal productivity. Nutritional intake should start early or in the first thousand days of life. Unfortunately, the rate of stunting or malnutrition in children under five in Indonesia is still above the WHO standard average. The government has made several efforts, including prioritizing breastfeeding for children under one year of age. Baby milk nutrition companies such as Kalbe Nutritional, through the Morinaga brand, support government regulations and participate in nutrition education for babies under five years old. Through the Morinaga Rewards Club loyalty program on a digital application-based platform, Morinaga focuses on the target market of millennial mothers to provide nutrition education and child development. In order to provide a good user experience, the consumer journey at Morinaga is divided into acquisition, activation, and retention. The system integration approach with retail partners and retention modeling Loyalty 3.0 will be applied to increase the number of active users and consumer retention using the Morinaga Rewards Club application.

The effect of MARIKERJA, a fatigue management programme, on the management of fatigue among manufacturing shift workers in Indonesia

To evaluate the effects of a workplace fatigue management programme called MARIKERJA on reducing fatigue among manufacturing shift workers in Indonesia. A quasi-experimental pre- and post-test study was conducted among 116 shift workers (58 in the intervention group and 58 in the control group). The MARIKERJA programme was delivered to the intervention group for 12weeks. Meanwhile, the control groups received the MARIKERJA intervention only at the end of the study period. Fatigue levels were measured using the Fatigue Severity Scale (FSS) in weeks 6 and 12 of the intervention. Data were analysed using a t test and a general linear model repeated measures procedure. There were significant differences in fatigue scores between the control and intervention groups after the MARIKERJA intervention in week 6 (40.07 ± 8.89 vs. 27.12 ± 11.67; p < 0.001) and week 12 (38.22 ± 9.28 vs. 17.53 ± 6.54; p < 0.001). The MARIKERJA intervention effectively reduced fatigue levels by up to 37.3% (R2 = .373; p = 0.001; 95% CI = 15.82-19.25). The MARIKERJA intervention effectively reduces fatigue among manufacturing shift workers.

Quo Vadis Protection of The Basic Rights of Indonesian Workers: Highlighting The Omnibus Legislation and Job Creation Law

This article focused on the dynamics following the enactment of the Law on Job Creation. Pros and cons were raised publicly, with proponents arguing that the Omnibus Legislation method could be used to propose leaps and further forward steps for national economic acceleration with more effective and efficient investment and the creation of new job fields in Indonesia. However, the opposition argued that this law, enacted using the Omnibus Legislation method, was not prepared and did not involve workers or worker unions in the lawmaking process prior to its enactment. Furthermore, this law has crucial and controversial provisions that weaken workers’ rights fulfillment compared to the previous arrangement. This condition is the primary issue that created a chasm between workers with their rights and their employers, and it is the basis for further analysis of legal norms in the entirety of the Law on Manpower and the Law on Job Creation. With the use of a normative legal research method supported by a statutory law approach and a legal conceptual approach, as well as a legal material searching method and argumentative analysis, legal research is conducted. This article discovers and proposes fundamental principles, concept formulation, and concept proof comprehensively regarding Employment Law policy dynamics in Indonesia and pursues basic rights of workers protection after enactment of the Omnibus Law on Job Creation to ensure the realization of worker rights protection including industrial relations problem, and certainty guarantee that Employer must fulfill.

Implementation of The Provision of Wages Below the Minimum Wage Provisions in Micro Enterprises and Small Businesses

This research is based on the application of wages below the minimum wage for businesses that meet the criteria for micro and small businesses. As it is known that the provisions of the district and city minimum wages are a form of safety net for the economic life of Indonesian workers. However, often a common problem for micro and small businesses is that they cannot meet the minimum wage requirements because the economic capacity of their own businesses is different from that of large businesses. Through the Employment Creation Act, the government finally made changes to the labor cluster by providing special rules for micro and small businesses in terms of providing wages below the minimum wage. The problems that will be studied in this research are regarding the requirements to be able to provide wages below the minimum wage provisions and how to provide wages under the minimum wage provisions. The method used by the author in this study is a normative juridical research. The results of the research are an explanation of the conditions for businesses that can pay their workers' wages below the minimum wage, how to make a Collective Agreement so that they can pay wages below the minimum wage.

Regulation of The Use of Foreign Workers in Indonesia After The Job Creation Act: Problems and Solutions

Problems in the labor law sector in Indonesia cannot be separated from the increasing number of foreign workers which are feared to take place and the role of domestic workers. This problem almost always exists every year because foreign investment enters Indonesia while bringing in foreign workers as experts or genuine workers from the investors' countries of origin. The entry of foreign workers is a trigger for disputes between foreign workers and domestic workers. As it is known that the Indonesian population is very large, which can be seen from the annual data of the national statistical center, while the high population is not matched by a large number of jobs, resulting in unemployment and regional economic inequality. Based on this background, the problem of foreign workers is related to the renewal of the Law of the Republic of Indonesia Number 11 of 2020 concerning Job Creation (from now on referred to as the Job Creation Law) and its implementing regulations. This paper uses a normative legal research method using legal sources from secondary legal materials. This legal research uses a legal and conceptual approach with a focus on regulations and concepts or theories or principles related to the research topic. This paper presents problems in the new regulation on foreign workers after the enactment of the Job Creation Law. In addition, this paper presents its solution efforts to overcome these problems in Indonesia. This paper uses a normative legal research method using legal sources from secondary legal materials. This legal research uses a legal and conceptual approach with a focus on regulations and concepts or theories or principles related to the research topic. This paper presents problems in the new regulation on foreign workers after the enactment of the Job Creation Law. In addition, this paper presents its solution efforts to overcome these problems in Indonesia. This paper uses a normative legal research method using legal sources from secondary legal materials. This legal research uses a legal and conceptual approach with a focus on regulations and concepts or theories or principles related to the research topic. This paper presents problems in the new regulation on foreign workers after the enactment of the Job Creation Law. In addition, this paper presents its solution efforts to overcome these problems in Indonesia.

Public Knowledge of Law Number 14 of 2019 on Social Worker and the Implementation of Social Work in Indonesia

The ratification of Law Number 14 of 2019 on social worker provides a new chapter for social workers in Indonesia. The existence of this law certainly provides a large enough opportunity for social workers to be able to open up more opportunities in providing quality and equitable social services in all regions in Indonesia. however, what needs to be realized is the importance of being able to understand the condition of the community especially regarding their knowledge related to this Law and of course social workers in general. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to determine public knowledge about Law Number 14 of 2019 on social worker. The research method is quantitative with descriptive type. The sampling technique used is simple random sample, where the number of respondents reached 222 people. The results of this study indicate that the knowledge of the community belongs to the very good group with a value reaching 50.75 points accumulatively, so to be able to maintain this, a concrete step is needed to be able to maintain or even maximize the knowledge of the community, where this can be implemented through socialization programs and of course research that periodically measures the level of public knowledge about Law Number 14 of 2019 on social worker.

Determinant of Social Media Usage on Organization: Analysis of Millennial Employee of Telecommunication Company in Surabaya

The urge to get in touch with others efficiently makes social media cannot be separated from people's lives nowadays. Moreover, the relationship between technological advancement and widespread usage of social media are pertinent to millennials who are big consumers of technology and digital natives. On the other hand, millennials are quite influential in Indonesia because most of the active workers in Indonesia are millennials. Therefore, the main focus of this research is analyzing the effect of social media usage by millennial employees on the corporate organization of one Telecommunication Company in Surabaya as its business is related to social media. This study utilizes the Structural Equation Modelling (SEM) approach using the Technology, Organization, and Environmental (TOE) Framework. The result shows that technology and environmental factors have a significant positive effect on social media usage, which offers a positive significant influence on the corporate organization

Lifestyle as an Indicator of Central Obesity in Coal Mining Workers from Indonesia

Introduction: Central obesity is an indicator of several non-communicable diseases, influenced by a lifestyle with low physical activity and foods consumption. Statistics in Indonesia showed that central obesity was 3.70% causing death in coal mining workers. However, few studies examine the risk factors for coal mining workers in Indonesia. Thus, this study aims to determine lifestyle indicators of central obesity in coal mining workers. Methods: It was a cross-sectional study, measuring abdominal circumference with a tape measure, using a standard questionnaire for risk factors of central obesity (age, family history, smoking habits, exercise habits, drinking alcohol habits, and food frequency). The sample was 22 workers of a coal mining company in Indonesia and data collection was done in November 2021. Results: All respondents were male, were not drinking alcohol, were less than 40 years old (55%), and most had no family history, but five percent (5%) had a family history of diabetes mellitus. Smokers (54.5%), light category smokers (33.3%) with a smoking duration of less than ten years (55.6%), having the habit of exercising less than two times a week, more than equal to 30 minutes per day. Among respondents, most of them consumed eating steamed rice (86.4%), chicken cooked 'habang' (40.9%), tofu (31.8%), kale (54.4%), apples (63.6%), and fried foods (45.5%). Lifestyles that have a relationship with central obesity are the length of exercise per day (0.003), the frequency of eating bread (0.033), and bananas (0.026). Conclusion: Indicators of central obesity can be prevented by monitoring indicators of lifestyle factors (exercising habits, frequency of eating bread, and bananas).

Reproductive health practices and use of health services among immigrant Indonesian women working in Malaysia.

ABSTRACTOBJECTIVE To describe the reproductive health practices of immigrant Indonesian women working in Malaysia and their accessibility to health services.METHODS A cross-sectional study using a validated self-administered questionnaire was conducted with 593 immigrant Indonesian workers who stayed in Malaysia for at least six months and within the reproductive age group.RESULTS About 13.5% of the respondents have used health facilities for reproductive health-related problems. Less than half of the respondents preferred to use public health facilities. Only 15% used treatment available in health facilities related to irregular menstrual cycles (34.6%), severe dysmenorrhea (58.7%) and nonspecific symptoms related to menstruation (31.7%). Family planning services were the most required health service. However, only 31.5% met the needs for family planning services. One-third of the respondents had sexual reproductive health problems and required treatment, but only 9.9% sought reproductive health services when needed.CONCLUSIONS Strategies to improve the accessibility to sexual reproductive health services requires a collaboration between the Indonesian government representatives in Malaysia and non-governmental organizations to address the reproductive health issues among immigrant Indonesian women in Malaysia. Health policy related to immigrant workers is needed in order to enhance the accessibility to women’s health needs for universal health coverage.

Fenomena Tenaga Kerja Ilegal Asal Dusun Cangkringan, Sumberjo, Kandat, Kediri

This study aims to determine the experience of workers with ilegal status from villages who work in Malaysia. The author wants to know the experience of ilegal workers and wants to know the factors that cause them to become workers with ilegal status. The research method used in this study is a phenomenological method with a qualitative approach. While the theory used in this research is phenomenological theory. The results of the study indicate that there are problems that cause Indonesian workers (TKI) to decide to work in the destination country, namely economic factors and they think that working as TKI is a solution to the economic problems that suffocate them. Meanwhile, their ilegal status is suspected to be due to limited capital to apply for permits to work.