Universities In Indonesia Research Articles

From Classroom to Screen: Examining Academic Achievement in Indonesian Students’ Transition to Online Learning in Pre- and Post-Pandemic

The COVID-19 pandemic posed an unprecedented challenge to the education system, requiring rapid adaptation to online learning. This study investigates how sustainable educational innovations facilitated this transition and supported student learning outcomes. The academic performance of 321 Indonesian university students from various fields was analyzed in online and offline learning environments. Findings revealed a notable improvement in GPA scores of 2.75 or lower in online settings compared to offline learning, while no significant differences were observed for higher GPA ranges. Students reported that online learning was more understandable, offered readily available multimodal resources, and provided additional learning time. Additionally, they felt that online learning enhanced academic success and promoted self-directed learning. This study highlights the critical role of online tools in sustaining academic continuity and addressing global educational challenges by offering adaptable educational frameworks. These insights can guide policymakers and educators in leveraging digital innovations to ensure uninterrupted learning experiences and ensuring academic continuity.

The Trends of Peace Education Research in Indonesia: A Bibliometric Analysis Aligned with Quality of Education

Introduction: This bibliometric analysis examines the trends and development of peace education research in Indonesian universities from 2014 to 2024. Utilizing data from reputable databases such as Web of Science and Scopus, the study identifies key characteristics of published works, including authorship, subject areas, and trends in scientific production. The findings reveal a growing interest in peace education, with a significant increase in publications over the years. The research primarily focuses on the religious and philosophical foundations of peace education in Indonesia, emphasizing the influence of cultural values on this field. The analysis also identifies prominent authors, influential journals, and collaborative networks within the field. Finally, the study concludes by highlighting key themes and trends in Indonesian peace education research, emphasizing the importance of character education, diversity, religious moderation, conflict resolution, and youth engagement. These findings contribute to a more nuanced understanding of the evolving landscape of peace education research in Indonesian universities and offer insights that will inform future research and practice. Objective: This study conducts a bibliometric analysis to explore trends and developments in peace education research at Indonesian University from 2014 to 2014. Theoretical Framework: The stuudy is grounded in key theories and models relevant to peace education, focusing on religious, philosophical, and cultural influences that shape this field in Indonesia. Method: The study utilizes a bibliometric approach, analyzing data from databases such as Web of Science and Scopus. It examines authorship, subject areas, and trends in scientific production through a comprehensive review of published works from 2014 to 2024. Results and Discussion: Findings show a significant increase in peace education publications over the decade, highlighting key themes like character education, diversity, religious moderation, conflict resolution, and youth engagement. The discussion contextualizes these findings within the theoretical framework, identifying implications and limitations. Research Implications: The study offers practical and theoretical insights, particularly on how cultural values inluence peace education in Indonesia. It provides valuable guidance for future research and educational practices. Originality/Value: The research contributes to the literature mapping out the evolving landscape of peace education in Indonesia, identifying influential authors, journals, and collaborative networks. It underscores the growing importance of peace education themes in Indonesia academic discourse.

Determinants of Internal Auditor Effectiveness and Its Impact to the Quality of Financial Reporting in Supporting Achievement of Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) at Religious Universities in Indonesia

Objective: This study was conducted to determine the effect of personality, competence, objectivity, and performance on the effectiveness of internal auditors, and their impact on the quality of financial reporting in supporting the achievement of Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). Methods: This study used a descriptive quantitative method where data were collected by circulating questionnaires to 84 state religious universities in Indonesia with a sample of 299 respondents. Data analysis was carried out using the Partial Least Square-Path Modeling (PLS-PM) approach. Results and Discussion: The results of the study prove that there is a positive and significant effect of personality, competence, objectivity and work performance on the effectiveness of internal auditors, personality is an intangible resource that can improve the function of the internal auditor framework, competent, skilled and experienced auditors can improve their audit performance and efficiency. The role of internal auditors in higher education that has been carried out so far is only as a verifier, reviewing budget absorption, reviewing the implementation of faculty and institutional activities, and has not conducted a comprehensive audit of financial statements as carried out by the inspectorate of the ministry of religion and the Supreme Audit Agency so that the achievement of Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) cannot be maximized. Research Implications: This research is a development of knowledge that is expected to contribute to the development of Internal Audit science, especially in the public sector in this case the internal control unit of religious universities in Indonesia. Originality/Value: Personality variables are a development of Al-Bawwat at al's research (2021) where in previous researchers, Openness to experience, emotional stability, conscientiousness and extraversion became a variable while in this study each became an indicator, added with two other indicators, namely perseverance and trust (Sharma, 2018); Cherry & Susman (2023).

A Study on The Effectiveness of Multimodal Learning, Gamification, and PBL in Academic Writing Classes

This study explores the integration of multimodal learning, gamification, and project-based learning (PBL) to enhance university students' creativity, engagement, and independence in academic writing. Tools such as ChatGPT and Canva support multimodal learning by helping students generate content and create visually enriched materials, including graphs, infographics, and visuals. Google Slides allows students to hyperlink research sources directly within their writing, ensuring evidence-based arguments. For gamification, platforms like Quizlet and Kahoot provide personalized experiences and real-time feedback. Grounded in theories of multimodal literacy, gamified learning, and experiential learning through PBL, this study addresses these gaps using a mixed-methods approach with 150 students from a private Indonesian university through surveys and interviews. Results showed 78% of students felt AI-enhanced multimodal elements boosted creativity, 82% found them engaging, 85% reported AI-driven gamification increased engagement, and 74% noted it fostered critical reflection. Additionally, 81% of students felt more comfortable managing projects independently, with 79% more motivated by topic choice. Interviews highlighted reduced anxiety and increased ownership. These methods create a synergistic effect, transforming writing into a more engaging, self-directed experience. It is recommended that educators leverage AI tools to foster creativity, critical thinking, and independence, aligning with technological advancements in education.Keywords: Gamification; Multimodal Learning; Project-Based Learning (PBL)

IMPROVING CLUSTER ACCURACY IN TUITION FEES: A MULTILAYER PERCEPTRON NEURAL NETWORK AND RANDOM FOREST APPROACH

Manual classification of Single Tuition Fees (STF) has a high risk of misclassification due to the need for a more in-depth assessment of students' economic criteria. This research uses Artificial Neural Networks (ANN), specifically the Multilayer Perceptron (NN-MLP) model, to detect and correct errors in Single Tuition Fee (STF) classification. This study aims to apply the NN model to identify and correct classification errors in the STF clustering of State Islamic Religious Universities in Indonesia (PTKIN). This research was conducted using exploratory methods and quantitative approaches involving a population of PTKIN students throughout Indonesia. A sample of 282 respondents was selected using a simple random sampling method. The results showed that NN-MLP is an effective tool for identifying and correcting misclassification in determining PTKIN tuition fees with significantly improved classification accuracy characterized by an accuracy value of 71.28% and MSE of 0.287; this model can be used as a basis for developing information systems that are fairer and more accurate in managing tuition fees in higher education. This research also proves that the NN method is superior to traditional statistical methods and simple machine learning in handling complex and diverse data. In addition, the Random Forest model successfully identified the most influential input variables in STF classification. Father's occupation, mother's occupation, number of dependents, and utility bills such as water and electricity significantly contributed to the STF classification. In contrast, variables such as vehicle facilities showed a lower contribution.

Towards Campus Integrity: Integrating Anti-Corruption Education with Islamic Religious Education

The widespread corruption in Indonesia is a major obstacle to the country's economic and social progress. Instilling anti-corruption values in the next generation is a critical responsibility of higher education institutions. This study looks at how Islamic Religious Education classes in Indonesian universities have begun to incorporate lessons about against corruption. The faculty and students of Bhinneka PGRI University participated in a qualitative case study. Documentation, in-depth interviews, participant observation, and focus groups were used to obtain facts. The findings demonstrated that a number of strategies were employed to incorporate anti-corruption education into Islamic Religious Education courses. These included reviewing the curriculum and syllabus, creating interactive teaching materials and methods, and organising student activities to promote a culture that rejects corruption. Integrity, compassion, autonomy, discipline, responsibility, hard work, simplicity, courage, and fairness are nine anti-corruption principles that were found to be included in the course materials. Additionally, a number of successful learning strategies were implemented, including learning through projects, learning in context, learning in collaboration, learning through discovery, value clarification tools, and modelling good behaviour. Students are encouraged to cultivate their character and integrity through the incorporation of anti-corruption instruction within Islamic Religious instruction classes. This will equip them to take on leadership roles in the fight against corruption in the future. University syllabi should incorporate anti-corruption education, according to this report, and additional research into alternative learning modalities should be pursued to foster an anti-corruption culture on campus.

Perancangan Desain UI/UX Website E-Learning Berbasis Learning Management System dengan Metode Design Thinking

This research aims to develop a user interface (UI) and user experience (UX) design for a Learning Management System (LMS)-based e-learning platform for the Central Language Improvement (CLI) community at the Islamic University of Indonesia using the Design Thinking method. Following the empathize, define, ideate, prototype, and testing stages, this research involved administrators, mentors, and students in the development process. Data collection was conducted through direct observation and interviews, followed by analysis using user personas and mind mapping. Usability testing results showed good acceptance levels with Maze scores for Admin (75), Mentor (89), and Students (83), and a System Usability Scale (SUS) score of 75.2 indicating an "Acceptable" category with a "Good" rating. This research successfully produced a UI/UX design that meets user needs in supporting the learning process in the CLI UII community, with recommendations for further development on the admin interface and implementation of learning monitoring features.

Exploring the Effectiveness of Blended Learning Models in Higher Education: A Case Study of Indonesian Universities

Exploring the Effectiveness of Blended Learning Models in Higher Education: A Case Study of Indonesian Universities

Pelatihan Mikrokontroler Dasar Arduino UNO dan Simulasi Tinkercad

The Electrical Engineering study program of the Faculty of Engineering, Atma Jaya Catholic University of Indonesia has been collaborating with Harapan Bagi Bangsa Christian Middle School, Cilincing, North Jakarta for several years in an extracurricular program for junior high school students, as a form of community service from Electrical Engineering lecturers. The extracurricular activity program implemented is in the form of basic electronics training. The theme of the activity varies, according to the requests and needs of the partner schools. The first activity is to provide basic electronics skills training to students. This program received a very positive response from teachers and students. From the evaluation results of previous activities, all students wanted training activities with advanced materials. The training provided is an introduction to basic Arduino Uno microcontrollers using Tinkercad simulation software. The purpose of this activity is to conduct training on the introduction and how to program the Arduino Uno microcontroller to turn on Light Emitting Diodes (LEDs). The training was carried out at Harapan Bagi Bangsa Christian Middle School. The training began by assembling the resistor and LED components on the project board. After all the components were installed, an Arduino Uno microcontroller program was created to turn on the LEDs alternately according to the order of the program created. The training used Tinkercad simulation software and the Arduino Uno microcontroller board. From the results of the student evaluation, 92.2% of students gave good and excellent ratings, while 7.8% gave neutral ratings for this training.

Challenges and needs in disaster preparedness: A qualitative study

Introduction: Natural disasters that occur suddenly and unpredictably can cause losses for communities. Communities have varied understanding of disasters which influence their perceptions of risks and appropriate anticipatory actions. This study explores stakeholders' perceptions and preferences related to disaster preparedness to design more inclusive and responsive risk mitigation programs.Methods: A qualitative study with a descriptive phenomenological design was conducted from March to June 2024. Forty-eight participants who met the inclusion criteria were involved through purposive sampling. The inclusion criteria were participants who were directly impacted by the Mamuju disaster on January 14 and 15, 2021. Data were collected through six focus group discussions of eight people each until saturation. The FGD guidelines were informed by disaster nursing, management, and crisis health experts. As Graneheim and Lundman proposed, content analysis was used to analyze the data. Ethical approval from the University of Indonesia's Research Ethics CommitteeResults: Five main themes were found from the emerging data: 1) Holistic response during disasters, 2) Needs for emergency disaster handling, 3) Disaster warning system based on tradition and technology, 4) Challenges in leadership and resource management in disaster situations, 5) Hopes and efforts in future disaster management.Conclusion: Determining the challenges and needs of communities during disasters is crucial for improving disaster response effectiveness. This requires disaster socialization, exercises for victim handling, evacuation drills, exercises for communicating early warning responses, leadership, and resource management training, as well as disaster preparedness simulations. Such efforts are needed to support the sustainability of community-based disaster preparedness

The Impact of Brand Experience on Students’ Satisfaction, Trust, and Advocacy: A Case Study of a Public University in Indonesia

The Impact of Brand Experience on Students’ Satisfaction, Trust, and Advocacy: A Case Study of a Public University in Indonesia

Benefits of Digital Editing for Japanese Writing Instruction

This study examined the benefits of digital editing for Japanese writing instruction for Indonesian students. The participants of this study were 44 Indonesian university students who had majored in Japanese language and culture for approximately one year. The author of this study taught this course online for seven weeks and asked the participants to email photographs of their essays to him. The teacher first typed the texts of the participants’ essays into Microsoft Word and then he corrected them, adding notes to the students. In this study, students were assigned points for their practice essay and final examination to the maximum of 50 to facilitate the comparison of the scores across individuals. The participants’ practice essays were not scored. The participants were asked to compose on a sheet of 400-character manuscript paper. The teacher deducted one point for each error in grammar, spelling, particle, vocabulary, and conjugation. On average, out of 50 possible points, the participants obtained 37.82 points in the first writing practice and 46.91 points in the final examination. At a 5% level, the scores before and after the instruction through digital editing showed statistically significant differences (p < 0.001, df = 43, t = 15.33). These results show that digital editing using Microsoft Word improves Japanese-language learners’ writing proficiency.

Student Perceptions of the Effectiveness of E-Learning in Higher Education: A Comparative Study of Two Universities in Indonesia and Malaysia

This study examines students' perceptions of the effectiveness of e-learning in higher education, focusing on the use of Learning Management Systems (LMS) at two universities in Indonesia and Malaysia. The research investigates how e-learning impacts lecture delivery and its overall effectiveness in promoting student engagement and learning outcomes. The study population includes students from the Arabic Language Education Program at a university in Indonesia and the Islamic History and Language Programs at a university in Malaysia, for the 2023-2024 academic year. A random sampling technique was employed, and the sample size was determined using the Slovin formula. Data were collected through questionnaires, observations, and interviews. Data analysis involved calculating the average score of questionnaire responses, which were then presented using tables and graphs. The findings indicate that students from both universities perceive e-learning as highly effective. This suggests that the use of LMS as an instructional tool is viewed positively by students and is considered an effective method for enhancing learning experiences in higher education. The results highlight the potential of e-learning platforms to support academic engagement and improve learning outcomes. The study has significant implications for the continued development of e-learning strategies and offers valuable insights for refining the implementation of online learning environments in higher education. Abstrak: Penelitian ini mengkaji persepsi mahasiswa terhadap efektivitas e-learning dalam pendidikan tinggi, dengan fokus pada penggunaan Sistem Manajemen Pembelajaran (LMS) di dua universitas di Indonesia dan Malaysia. Penelitian ini menyelidiki bagaimana e-learning mempengaruhi penyampaian materi kuliah dan efektivitas keseluruhannya dalam meningkatkan keterlibatan mahasiswa dan hasil pembelajaran. Populasi penelitian ini mencakup mahasiswa dari Program Pendidikan Bahasa Arab di sebuah universitas di Indonesia dan Program Sejarah dan Bahasa Islam di sebuah universitas di Malaysia, pada tahun akademik 2023-2024. Teknik pengambilan sampel yang digunakan adalah sampel acak, dan ukuran sampel ditentukan dengan menggunakan rumus Slovin. Data dikumpulkan melalui kuesioner, observasi, dan wawancara. Analisis data dilakukan dengan menghitung skor rata-rata dari jawaban kuesioner, yang kemudian disajikan dalam bentuk tabel dan grafik. Hasil analisis menunjukkan bahwa mahasiswa dari kedua universitas memandang e-learning sebagai sangat efektif. Hal ini menunjukkan bahwa penggunaan LMS sebagai alat pembelajaran dipandang positif oleh mahasiswa dan dianggap sebagai metode yang efektif dalam meningkatkan pengalaman belajar di pendidikan tinggi. Hasil penelitian ini menyoroti potensi platform e-learning dalam mendukung keterlibatan akademik dan meningkatkan hasil pembelajaran. Penelitian ini memiliki implikasi penting untuk pengembangan strategi e-learning yang berkelanjutan dan memberikan wawasan berharga untuk menyempurnakan penerapan lingkungan pembelajaran daring di pendidikan tinggi.

HUBUNGAN KEBUTUHAN INFORMASI SEHARI-HARI DENGAN PENGGUNAAN OPENAI CHAT GPT

This study examines the use of OpenAI Chat GPT in information retrieval by students at six leading universities in Indonesia. This study uses a quota sampling method with 600 students from Airlangga University, Brawijaya University, Diponegoro University, Gadjah Mada University, Padjadjaran University, and UIN Sunang Gunung Djati Bandung as the research sample. Pearson Product Moment correlation analysis shows that the majority of students use OpenAI Chat GPT for academic and non-academic needs with a high level of satisfaction. There is a significant relationship between students' daily information needs and the use of OpenAI Chat GPT. Valuable and useful information is correlated with more efficient and accurate information retrieval. This study supports the new media theory which states that digital technology changes the way individuals interact with information, enabling more personal and interactive experiences. This study provides theoretical contributions to the literature on the use of AI technology in information retrieval and practical recommendations for further research development.

Sustainable development goals through participatory video and digital storytelling

<p>This<strong> </strong>study focuses on a training experience that took place in the academic year 2021–2022 at Gadjah Mada University in Indonesia. A hands-on workshop on ICTeEfS focusing on Participatory Video (PV) and Digital Storytelling (DST) involved 210 teachers in the creation of videos with a two-fold objective: 1) embedding SDGs in school curricula enabled by PV/DST methodologies and 2) innovating teaching methodologies by merging digital and green skills. The process of creating PV/DST videos included a 15-step methodology integrated into four interacting phases starting from planning, moving to production, and then utilization/dissemination. The PV/DST applications produced could be used as learning resources to enrich the school curricula. Uploading PV/DST to school or social media accounts was a good method to get the message out to a wider audience while empowering teachers to address SDGs. The results can be used as guiding principles for teacher educators and teachers as well as for policymakers to integrate PV/DST in teaching, learning, and curricula addressing SDGs.</p>

PENATAAN JENIS TANAMAN BERBASIS HOME GARDEN UNTUK MENDUKUNG KELESTARIAN SUMBER PAKAN TRIGONA DI DESA BUKIT JANGKRIK

The Trigona honey bee farming business has rapidly developed in Bukit Jangkrik Village due to its simple cultivation and maintenance techniques. The success of this cultivation heavily depends on the availability of feed sources throughout the year, which are generally obtained from home garden-based yards. Unfortunately, the community's knowledge about the types of nectar, pollen, and resin-producing plants as food sources is still lacking, so their feeding needs have not yet been met. In order to support the sustainability of Trigona's food sources, PGRI Mahadewa University Indonesia is conducting community service activities by creating a demonstration plot of an agroforestry-based home garden model. This model combines annual fruit-bearing plants such as Durian, Matoa, Kelengkeng, Mangga, Murbei, Jeruk, Anggur, and Jambu biji, with flowering plants that produce nectar, pollen, and resin throughout the season, such as Matahari, Air Mata Pengantin, Asoka, and Kastuba. The results of the activities show the success of this demonstration plot in providing a sustainable food source, thanks to the strategic and potential arrangement of plant types. In conclusion, this agroforestry-based home garden model serves as a practical solution that not only supports the sustainability of Trigona bee cultivation but also involves the community in maintaining the local ecosystem through the planting of multifunctional plants.

The Influence of Customer Reference Group, Digital Marketing, and Quality of Services on the Purchase Decision of Training Services in Indonesian Higher Education Institutions

Customer Reference Group, Digital Marketing, and service quality play an important role in influencing the decision to purchase training services in higher education. Customer Reference Group can provide informative and normative influence. Digital Marketing allows universities to reach a wider audience with digital media-based marketing strategies, such as social media, email, and websites, which can increase visibility and engagement. In this study, it includes aspects of accessibility, interactivity, entertainment, trust, irritation, and, finally, information. Service quality is a characteristic of a service that is able to satisfy customers better than competitor services, which includes aspects of reliability, responsiveness, empathy, assurance and physical evidence. This study aims to analyze the effect of Customer Reference Group, Digital Marketing, and Quality of Services on purchasing decisions for ecc.co.id training services for universities in Indonesia. The research was conducted with a quantitative approach, involving 103 respondents consisting of lecturers, campus staff, career center managers, and other professionals who have used ecc.co.id training services. Data was collected through an online questionnaire and analyzed using multiple linear regression using SPSS 25. The results showed that the three independent variables had a positive and significant influence on the decision to purchase ecc.co.id training services. This study concludes that improving service quality, optimizing digital marketing strategies, and managing effective Customer Reference Groups are the keys to success in driving the decision to purchase training services by universities in Indonesia.

ChatGPT to Foster Students’ Engagement in Writing Class: An Intervention Study

Enhancing student engagement is essential for improving learning outcomes in English as a Foreign Language (EFL) writing classes. This study investigates the use of Artificial Intelligence (AI), particularly ChatGPT, to foster engagement through personalized feedback, creative expression, and interactive learning. Conducted at an Islamic university in Indonesia with 80 participants, the research employed a quasi-experimental design to assess ChatGPT’s impact on behavioral, cognitive, and emotional engagement. Participants were divided into control and experimental groups, with the latter utilizing ChatGPT for brainstorming and instructional support. The results showed significantly higher engagement levels among the experimental group across all dimensions, highlighting ChatGPT’s role in creating student-centered environments that enhance traditional teaching methods. By offering real-time, tailored assistance, ChatGPT boosts motivation and deepens cognitive and emotional connections to learning tasks. This study contributes to the growing literature on AI in education by demonstrating ChatGPT’s effectiveness in EFL writing instruction and emphasizing the need for innovative, AI-integrated pedagogical approaches to enrich learning experiences. Future research should explore the broader applications of AI in language education, addressing scalability, diverse learner needs, and long-term impacts on academic performance.

Molecular and Growth Responses of Musa acuminata var. Barangan Post Application of Beneficial Endophytic Bacteria

Endophytic bacteria reside in plants' roots and can benefit plant growth. The study aimed to evaluate the application of an endophytic bacterial consortium in enhancing the growth of banana plants and identify genes that maximally assist in nutrient utilization during banana plant growth. One-month-old banana plants were inoculated by soaking them for one hour in a 500 mL suspension of endophytic bacteria. In vivo observations were conducted in the greenhouse at Al-Azhar University Indonesia over 40 days, during which morphological and physiological growth were calculated. The results revealed that control plants exhibited lower growth than those treated with endophytic bacteria. The application of endophytic bacteria led to increased growth in banana barangan plants, as evidenced by improvements in leaf length, leaf width, plant height, and chlorophyll levels. Furthermore, a semi-quantitative analysis of banana plants treated with Cytobacillus depressus, Bacillus stratophericus, and B. mycoides revealed genes significantly contributing to growth. These genes, including WRKY33, Ma03_92660, Ma01_901890, Ma04_936790, and Pho-1,2, exhibited their highest expression levels starting from the 28th day of the experiment. Keywords: plant growth, endophytic consortium bacteria, semi-quantitative real-time PCR, identify genes

Peramalan Jumlah Penerimaan Mahasiswa Baru Fakultas Teknik UKI Toraja dengan Metode Single Exponential Smoothing

This study examines the effectiveness of the Single Exponential Smoothing method in forecasting the number of new student admissions at the Faculty of Engineering, Christian University of Indonesia (UKI) Toraja. This study analyzes historical data on student admissions for 11 academic years, from 2013/2014 to 2023/2024, covering four study programs, namely Mechanical Engineering, Civil Engineering, Informatics Engineering, and Electrical Engineering. The research methodology includes problem identification, data collection, analysis using the Single Exponential Smoothing method, and accuracy testing with Mean Squared Error (MSE). This study tested three values of alpha (α) = 0.1, 0.5, and 0.9. The results showed that the use of alpha = 0.9 resulted in more accurate forecasting for all study programs. This level of accuracy is validated through the lowest MSE scores, namely Mechanical Engineering of 1450.61 (prediction of 159 students), Civil Engineering of 10890.23 (prediction of 147 students), Informatics Engineering of 4332.86 (prediction of 247 students), and Electrical Engineering of 674.66 (prediction of 49 students). The comparative graph analysis of the forecast results with the actual data is consistent showing that alpha = 0.9 produces the trend closest to the actual data for all study programs. The practical implications of this study include the potential to improve the accuracy of capacity planning, more efficient resource allocation, and improve the quality of engineering at the Faculty of Engineering, UKI Toraja. These results also highlight the importance of proper selection of alpha parameters in the Single Exponential Smoothing method to optimize forecasting accuracy.