Indonesian Seas Research Articles

Tarakan city's marine potential as a teaching material for marine biology: A systematic literature review

This is a Systematic Literature Review (SLR) research that aims to identify the marine potential of Tarakan City which can be used as teaching material in Marine Biology courses. Search using the Publish or Perish 8 application by analyzing articles indexed by Google Scholar and Crossref. After carrying out the process of identification, screening, eligibility, and inclusion, a total of 9 articles were obtained, consisting of 6 Google Scholar articles and 3 Crossref articles. The entire article was analyzed for its suitability with the material content in the marine biology semester learning plan (RPS). Findings of this study show that the marine biota of Tarakan City that can be used as teaching materials for marine biology are seaweed, Signus Jjavus fish, Harpadon nehereus, Ilisha elongate, Protista, and Mangroves Research locations at Amal Beach, Binalatung Beach, Mamburungan, Juata waters, Juata Laut waters, KKMB Tarakan City, and Sadau Island, Indonesia. These articles can be used as teaching material for marine biology regarding the geographical conditions of Indonesian seas, marine animals, marine plants, marine biogeochemical cycles, marine primary productivity, coastal biota, mangrove biota, and research methods for plankton, benthos, and nekton. This research contributes to the planning and preparing of marine biology learning resources based on local potential.

Time-series forecasting of particulate organic carbon on the Sunda Shelf: Comparative performance of the SARIMA and SARIMAX models

Conducting in-depth studies of carbon dynamics in the Southeast Asia’s Sunda Shelf waters is challenging. Particulate organic carbon (POC) is a key component that can be monitored in the region, but ocean assessment requires advanced research and POC monitoring, especially in relation to ocean dynamics and forecasts. Accurate forecasting of POC in marine environments is difficult due to the complexity of oceanic processes and the influence of various environmental factors. Statistical forecasting models such as Seasonal Autoregressive Integrated Moving Average (SARIMA) or SARIMA with Exogenous Factors (SARIMAX) are useful for this purpose. This study compares these two time-series forecasting models to assess the role of exogenous factors in predicting POC variability in Indonesian seas. The models were specified as SARIMA (3, 1, 3)x(2, 0, 0, 60) and SARIMAX (3, 1, 3)x(2, 0, 0, 60). We obtained Akaike Information Criterion (AIC) values of 1237.767 for the SARIMA model and 1207.341 for SARIMAX[exog=SST]. The SARIMA model's validation metrics were 6.94 % for MAPE, 10.80 for RMSE, and 0.65 for the correlation coefficient, outperforming the SARIMAX model. While SARIMAX incorporates additional environmental variables, SARIMA outperforms it based on MAPE, RMSE, and correlation coefficients. Our findings reveal that only sea surface temperature can significantly influence POC forecasts, thus providing a new perspective on oceanic carbon dynamics. From 2022–2030, POC levels are expected to range between 108.3 and 135.9 mg/m³, with a mean value of 120.9±5.4 mg/m³, lower than that observed from 2002 to 2022, which was 118.8±11.9 mg/m³. The highest peak in POC is predicted for the end of 2026 and 2027. The annual trend shows that the highest POC values correspond to the northwest monsoon season, with the lowest during the intermonsoon period.

Annual Sea Surface Height Variability in the Indonesian Seas from Satellites During the 2021–2023

Annual Sea Surface Height Variability in the Indonesian Seas from Satellites During the 2021–2023

State-of-the-Art of Floating PV Development in the Indonesian Waters

Abstract In recent years, there has been a growing emphasis on reducing Indonesia’s reliance on fossil fuels for electricity generation by promoting the development of renewable energy-based power plants. Among the renewable energy sources, solar energy holds great potential in Indonesia, given its abundant availability throughout the year. This presents favourable prospects for the establishment of solar photovoltaic (PV) power plants, both in ground-mounted and floating sub-structure configurations. However, the deployment of ground-mounted PV plants raises concerns regarding land usage, particularly for large-scale installations. Moreover, the environmental temperature in tropical regions like Indonesia can adversely affect the efficiency of PV panels in land installations. Water bodies offer an alternative location for PV installations to mitigate these challenges, as water can help alleviate the temperature impact on PV panels. Considering Indonesia’s archipelago geography, seas emerge as an attractive option for large-scale PV power plant development. However, numerous challenges arise when implementing floating PV (FPV) technology in open seas. This paper explores the ongoing advancements in marine FPV technology and addresses the challenges associated with installing FPV systems in Indonesian seas. These efforts aim to support the fundamental development of the country’s electricity infrastructure, encompassing aspects such as reliability, affordability, and social acceptability.

Disentangling mechanisms behind emerged sea surface temperature anomalies in Indonesian seas during El Niño years: insights from closed heat budget analysis

Disentangling mechanisms behind emerged sea surface temperature anomalies in Indonesian seas during El Niño years: insights from closed heat budget analysis

The development of AUKUS in the Indo-Pacific region and its influence on Indonesia’s policy as a global maritime fulcrum

The trilateral defense and security pact between Australia, the United Kingdom, and the United States has strong impact to the security dynamics in the Indo-Pacific area. This agreement entails a strengthened alliance between Australia and enhanced military collaboration with the United States and the United Kingdom resulting in regional volatility. This paper aims to examine the AUKUS (Australia–United Kingdom–United States Partnership) agreement and the resulting ensuing instability in the Indo-Pacific region, specifically from Indonesia’s perspective. The focus of the research is on the interplay between Indonesia’s diplomacy capability and the military functions of the Indonesian Navy as security policy. This study employs a qualitative approach to delve into in-depth insights into the evolution of AUKUS in the Indo-Pacific region, which triggered a series of responses from many countries subsequent to the announcement of the establishment of the AUKUS Defense Pact. The AUKUS establishment simply reinforces the notion that geopolitical tensions are pulling the area apart. The influence of the AUKUS-China war can jeopardize regional stability since the US and China continuously demonstrate the supremacy of their armaments in order to dissuade one another. The AUKUS-China contest has had a highly adverse impact on Indonesia. This article argues that the Indonesian Navy’s diplomatic prowess is crucial because it has the potential to play a big influence in the Indo-Pacific region’s international political dynamics concerning the South China Sea. Furthermore, the Indonesian Navy must proactively prepare for potential armed conflicts in Indonesian territorial seas by developing a comprehensive maritime policy during times of peace, leveraging its geographical advantages.

Urgensi Penyatuan Lembaga Penegak Hukum di Laut Indonesia

In its efforts to enforce law at sea, Indonesia has 13 law enforcement agencies at sea. Six of these institutions have maritime patrol task forces. The number of law enforcement agencies in Indonesian seas is considered negative by several parties because of the potential for the authority of each agency to overlap. This research aims to find out what the condition of maritime law enforcement agencies in Indonesia is and what are the considerations for unifying maritime law enforcement agencies in Indonesia. This research is normative research related to maritime law enforcement agencies in Indonesia. There are at least 13 law enforcement agencies in Indonesian seas. The unification of maritime law enforcement agencies in Indonesia is necessary because unclear roles and authority, as well as a lack of coordination between agencies, have resulted in ineffectiveness in law enforcement and maritime security management. Indonesia needs unification of authority to strengthen all security, safety and maritime law enforcement functions in Indonesia

Seasonal and Fortnight Variations in Internal Solitary Waves in the Indonesian Seas From the SWOT Measurements

AbstractUsing the wide‐swath sea surface height (SSH) data from the 1‐day repeat calibration/validation phase of the Surface Water and Ocean Topography (SWOT) mission, we explored fine‐scale evolution of nonlinear internal solitary waves (ISWs) in the Banda/Molucca Seas in the Indonesian Archipelagos. Generated in the Ombai Strait and Lifamatola Passage through semidiurnal tide‐topography interaction, respectively, ISWs in the Banda/Molucca Seas have a SSH amplitude of 10–20 cm and exhibit multiple wave packets with the leading wave crest followed by a series of rank‐ordered secondary wave crests. Due to nonlinearity, the ISWs are observed to propagate northward at a speed faster than the regional mode‐1 internal gravity waves and their amplitudes are modulated fortnightly following the regional spring‐neap tidal cycle. On longer timescale, the observed ISW amplitudes are controlled by seasonal upper ocean stratification changes with a weaker stratification favoring a larger amplitude. By converting the SWOT‐measured SSH data to the interior ocean pressure signals, we quantified the depth‐integrated energy flux associated with the northward‐propagating ISWs to be 5 and 2 kW m−1 in the central Banda and Molucca Seas, respectively. Comparisons with past studies indicate that the ISWs contribute to close to 100% and 40% of the tidally‐induced, northward energy fluxes, respectively, across the Banda and Molucca Seas.

Variability and Dynamics of the Kuroshio and Mindanao Current during the 2010/11 La Niña and in Late 2012

Abstract Variability of two Pacific western boundary currents (WBCs)—the Kuroshio and the Mindanao Current—during the strong 2010/11 La Niña event is investigated using ship-based hydrographic observations and moored current-meter data collected off the east coasts of the Philippines. The geostrophic currents calculated using the hydrographic data show that, during the 2010/11 La Niña winter, the Kuroshio decreased by ∼10 Sv (1 Sv ≡ 106 m3 s−1), whereas the Mindanao Current increased by ∼5–10 Sv, relative to the normal winter in late 2012. The interannual variability based on the hydrographic data is confirmed by moored current-meter measurements and satellite altimeter geostrophic currents. A coastally trapped Kelvin wave model is used to explain the interannual variability of the two WBCs during the different ENSO phases. The good comparison of the simulated sea level anomalies around the Philippines with the altimeter data suggests that the interannual variability of the WBCs is associated with Kelvin wave propagation from the Sulawesi–Sulu Seas clockwise around the Philippine Archipelago. We identified that the Kelvin waves are excited by downwelling equatorial Rossby waves propagating into the Indonesian Seas during the La Niña. The transport anomalies of the WBCs are comparable to the total meridional transport anomalies integrated across the interior North Pacific Ocean, suggesting the importance of the WBCs in the heat charge–discharge processes of the western Pacific warm pool during ENSO events. Significance Statement The two western boundary currents (WBCs)—the Kuroshio and the Mindanao Current—play the role of closing the subtropical and tropical gyre circulation of the Pacific Ocean. Their variability during ENSO is unknown. Existing studies based on numerical modeling suggest that their variability is highly correlated with ENSO, with the Kuroshio stronger and Mindanao Current weaker during La Niña and vice versa during El Niño. Here, we use in situ hydrographic observations combined with mooring and satellite altimeter data to show that the Kuroshio transport decreases and the Mindanao Current transport increases during the 2010/11 La Niña, the dynamics of which are controlled by the Kelvin wave propagation from the Sulawesi–Sulu Seas clockwise around the Philippine Archipelago. The result is important for the warm pool dynamics during ENSO.

Sea surface temperature budget in Indonesian seas: the role of vertical turbulent flux and its east–west variations

Abstract The vertical turbulent flux, which comprises heat flux and vertical mixing, is one of key processes governing seawater temperature changes in the vertical direction. In this study, the influence of vertical turbulent flux on sea surface temperature (represented by a layer between the free-surface and approximately 20 m depth) in Indonesian seas was diagnosed from an eddy-permitting ocean modeling experiment result. The heat flux, as the sum of the net heat flux at the surface and penetrative shortwave radiation at the base of the surface layer, induced a net cooling tendency in both eastern and western Indonesia (represented by the Java Sea and Banda Sea, respectively). The cooling tendency due to the heat flux was opposed by the warming tendency induced by vertical mixing at the base of the surface layer, preventing excessive heat loss in the surface layer. An exception occurred during the Boreal Autumn in the Banda Sea, when the heat flux and vertical mixing resulted in warming and cooling tendencies, respectively. It was further found that the effect of vertical mixing on the surface layer heat budget was sensitive to the selection of the base layer depth, highlighting the mixing-related dynamic variation within the water column. In summary, this study provides additional insights into the near-surface dynamics that govern sea surface temperature seasonality in Indonesian Seas.

Variability of Indonesian Throughflow Transport in the Indonesian Seas during Triple-Dip La Niña

Abstract The Indonesian seas serve as an important conduit for the Indonesian Throughflow (ITF), a critical system of warm water and freshwater transport connecting the Pacific and Indian Oceans. El Niño-Southern Oscillation (ENSO) significantly impacts the regional variability in the Pacific and exerts a profound influence on water mass transport from the Pacific to the Indian Oceans. This study focuses on the influence of triple-dip La Niña events during two distinct periods (1998 – 2001 and 2020 – 2023) on the variability of ITF transport in key areas of the Indonesian seas, including the Makassar, Lombok, and Ombai Straits, Flores and Banda Seas, and Timor Passage. Using forecast and reanalysis data from the Copernicus Marine Environment Monitoring Service (CMEMS), transport calculations are conducted across cross-sectional profiles representing the study areas. The results reveal that the volume transport is significantly higher at depths ranging from ∼50 – 300 m. It also shows seasonal fluctuations in volume transport across all regions, with lower transport during winter (DJF) and higher transport during summer (JJA) and transition period (SON) in the Makassar and Lombok Straits. In the Flores and Banda Seas, Ombai Strait, and Timor Passage, the surface volume transport follows seasonal patterns, while at deeper depths (∼50 – 300 m and 300 – 800 m) exhibits distinct fluctuations compared to the surface. Triple-dip La Niña events lead to an overall increase in volume transport during both periods, with the 2019 – 2023 period showing larger values (∼19 Sv) compared to the 1997 – 2001 period (∼14 Sv). The strengthened ocean current during triple-dip La Niña events results in more significant variations in total transport, leading to larger differences between minimum and maximum transport during these periods. The volume transport in Makassar Strait is further analyzed using the Empirical Orthogonal Function (EOF) that identifies three dominant modes (86.4%), revealing the influence of semi-annual, interannual, and decadal factors on the observed variability.

Rancang Bangun Alat Pemilah Ikan Berbasis Internet Of Things (IoT)

Mochamad Andri Prassetyo, Design of Fish Sorter Equipment Based on INTERNET of THINGS (IoT). Supervised by Henna Nurdiansari, S.T., MT., M.Sc. and Kuntoro Bayu Ajie, S.Kom., MT. According to data compiled by the Ministry of Maritime Affairs and Fisheries, the amount of fish produced by Indonesian seas has reached 12.01 million tonnes in 2022. The enormous potential of Indonesian marine products forces the need for technological intervention to help reduce production costs. Improving the quality of the products produced. One of the processes that requires technological intervention is the process of sorter fish that have been caught by fishing vessels and then having to be regrouped according to the weight of the fish. By adopting sophisticated technology and systems in the modern fisheries market, efforts to achieve efficiency and reduce the risk of human error can be increased. Internet of Things (IoT) is a technological concept that has the ability to connect and facilitate the communication process between machines, devices, sensors and humans via the internet network. After conducting Research and Development (R&D), designing an Internet of Things-based fish sorting tool could become a new technology that can increase product efficiency by designing a system, designing tools and testing plans for sorting fish based on measuring the weight of the fish. Based on the test results, it can be concluded that the design of an Internet of Things-based fish sorting tool can detect fish entering the container that has been prepared through component testing and after testing the entire tool, data on the results of weight measurements on fish using the fish sorting system can be sent to Google Spreadsheet. So that the data can be accessed publicly by sending a predetermined link.

Spatiotemporal Patterns and Environmental Drivers of Particulate Inorganic Carbon (PIC) Variability in the Southern Waters of Sumatra‐Java Islands

AbstractThe southern waters of the Sumatra‐Java Islands, within the Indo‐Pacific Warm Pool, are highly susceptible to global climate change impacts. Understanding particulate inorganic carbon (PIC) dynamics and environmental responses in this region is critical for assessing climate change effects on marine ecosystems. Utilizing two decades of remote sensing PIC data (2003–2022), we identified five sub‐regions via K‐means clustering: the Sunda Strait, southern coastal/offshore waters of Sumatra Island, and southern coastal/offshore waters of Java Island. Self‐Organizing Map explored interannual PIC variations, while Generalized Additive Models delineated driving factors. In the Sunda Strait, PIC dynamics are influenced by water exchanges between the Indonesian Seas (ISs) and eastern Indian Ocean (EIO). Seasonally, PIC concentrations peak during the east monsoon (boreal summer); decreasing during positive Indian Ocean Dipole (+IOD) and El Niño events. Along the southern Sumatra, PIC variations positively correlate with rainfall and photosynthetically active radiation (PAR). Along the southern Sumatra, upwelling drives PIC variations, with higher concentrations during mature summer monsoon induced upwelling periods. PIC increases during +IOD and decreases during El Niño. Our study highlights the nexus between nutrients, physical factors (e.g., rainfall), and climatic events (e.g., El Niño) on PIC concentrations. Climate‐induced changes in oceanic physical processes modulate nutrient concentrations, thereby governing PIC variations. We propose a mechanistic model to elucidate PIC variations in upwelling areas. Findings suggest that prospective climate variability, encompassing alterations in climate events, rainfall, and temperature, may escalate PIC concentrations within the study area, advocating PIC as a forward‐looking climate change indicator.

Karakteristik Kimia dan Organoleptik Nugget Ikan Tuna (Thunnus sp.) dengan Penambahan Pasta Kenari (Canarium indicum L.)

Fish nuggets are one of the diversified fishery products. Groundfish meat is added with binding ingredients and seasonings, then steamed and molded. Tuna (Thunnus sp.) is a fish with high economic value and is relatively abundant in Indonesian seas. Walnuts (Canarium indicum L.) are one of the native Indonesian plants which are widely used as food. This study aimed to determine tuna nuggets' chemical and organoleptic characteristics by adding walnut paste. This study used a one-factor complete randomized design: walnut paste concentration with four treatment levels of 0%, 25%, 50%, and 75% with tri repeats. Observed variables include water, ash, fat, protein, carbohydrate content, hedonic tests, and hedonic quality of color, taste, aroma, and texture. The results showed that giving walnut paste affected fish nuggets' chemical and organoleptic properties. The water content of fish nuggets decreases, while the ash, fat, protein, and carbohydrate content increases with the addition of walnut paste concentration from the beginning of treatment, influencing the hedonic assessment and hedonic quality.

Seasonal and Interannual Movement of the Mindanao Current Retroflection at the Pacific Entrance of the Indonesian Seas

Abstract The seasonal and interannual variations of the Mindanao Current (MC) retroflection are studied using surface geostrophic currents of satellite altimeters covering January 1993–December 2019. The results show that the Mindanao Current mainstream retroflects back to the Pacific Ocean north of the Talaud Islands in boreal summer and intrudes into the northern Maluku Sea in boreal winter. The variation of the MC retroflection has resulted in the seasonal movement of the sea surface color fronts at the entrance of the Indonesian seas, both of which are highly correlated to the seasonal transport variations of the North Equatorial Countercurrent, lagging the latter due to the westward propagation of the seasonal Rossby waves. The MC retroflection and sea surface color fronts are found to move synchronously on interannual time scales at the Pacific entrance of the Indonesian seas, with the Niño-3.4 index lagging by about 2 months. The MC retroflection intrudes anomalously deeper than the seasonal cycle into the northern Maluku Sea in El Niño winters, while it tends to take a leaping path in La Niña winters. During El Niño summers, the leaping path of the MC is changed into a penetrating path sometimes. Significance Statement The Mindanao Current is the western boundary current (WBC) of the North Pacific Ocean tropical gyre and is much stronger than the ocean interior gyre circulation. This equatorward WBC forces strong exchanges between the equatorial Pacific and the marginal seas as it turns eastward at the entrance of the Indonesian seas. The path of the Mindanao Current retroflection is very important for Rossby wave reflection and for Indo-Pacific interbasin exchange leading to global repercussions, both of which are thought to be controlled by linear dynamics in the past. Here, we disclose the seasonal and interannual movement of the retroflection path, showing strong nonlinear dynamics important for ENSO and interocean exchange.

Mooring observations of tidal currents in the Jailolo Strait of the Indonesian seas

The vertical structure of internal tidal currents in the Jailolo Strait of the Indonesian seas is studied using the year-long mooring observations with two Acoustic Doppler Current Profiler instruments looking upward and downward, respectively, coving the full depth of the strait. The barotropic tides are extracted from the full-depth current profile measurements, showing the dominant M2, K1, and O1 tidal currents with amplitudes of 13.5 cm s−1, 11.0 cm s−1 and 7.6 cm s−1, in nearly reciprocating movement in the direction of 34.5°, 63.1°, and 75.2° clockwise from due north. The internal tidal currents in the Jailolo Strait contributing to about 50% of the total kinetic energy are found to be dominated by the low baroclinic modes, with M2 tide as the most dominant tidal constituent. High-frequency internal tides of D3 and D4 are observed, with baroclinic structure similar to that of M2 tides, and are suggested to be stimulated by nonlinear processes. The complicated vertical structure of tidal currents in the Jailolo Strait is disclosed for the first time in history. Its potential impact on vertical turbulent mixing suggests its importance in global ocean circulation and climate.

The Role of Precipitation and Salinity Effect in Multidecadal Changes and Long-Term Trend of the Indonesian Throughflow

Abstract Multidecadal variability of the Indonesian Throughflow (ITF) is crucial for the Indo-Pacific and global climate due to significant interbasin exchanges of heat and freshwater. Previous studies suggest that both wind and buoyancy forcing may drive ITF variability, but the role of precipitation and salinity effect in the variability of ITF on multidecadal time scales remains largely unexplored. Here, we investigate the multidecadal changes and long-term trend of the ITF transport during the past six decades, with a focus on the role of precipitation and salinity effect. The diverse datasets consistently indicate a substantial upward trend in the halosteric component of geostrophic transport of ITF in the outflow region at 114°E during the six decades. We find that the meridional differences of the salinity trend in the outflow region explain the increasing trend of the halosteric component of ITF transport. On a larger scale, the tropical western Pacific Ocean and Indonesian seas have experienced significant freshening, which has strengthened the Indo-Pacific pressure gradient and thus enhanced the ITF. In contrast, the equatorial trade wind in the western Pacific Ocean has weakened over recent decades, implying that changes in wind forcing have contributed to weakening the ITF. The combined effect of strengthened halosteric and weakened thermosteric components has resulted in a weak strengthening for the total ITF with large uncertainties. Although both the thermosteric and halosteric components are associated with natural climate modes, our results suggest that the importance of salinity effect is likely increasing given the enhanced water cycle under global warming.

Oceanographic characteristics of Lampung Bay and its relationship to the Indian Ocean Dipole (IOD) period 2013-2021

The Indian Ocean Dipole (IOD) may affect the distribution pattern of the sea surface temperature (SST) in the Indonesian seas. Understanding this impact is crucial for comprehending the dynamics of marine ecosystems, particularly in Lampung Bay. This study evaluates IOD effects on SST and associated upwelling/downwelling in Lampung Bay. 2014 fish catch data analysis reveals during negative IOD phases, SST increases (0.2°C to 2°C) with subsequent downwelling, coinciding with reduced catches (609.18 tons vs. 3,079 tons normal). Conversely, positive IOD phases show SST anomalies (-1°C to -2.5°C) with upwelling, correlating with increased catches to 3,349 tons in 2018. IOD-SST relationship primarily observed in Lampung Bay’s open connection to Sunda Strait (r=0.64 to 0.69), while weak correlations in coastal waters (r < 0.2) suggesting the influence of other factors on SST in Lampung Bay.

Politik Hukum Pembangunan Kemaritiman Dalam Batasan Wilayah Perairan di Indonesia

The importance of maritime development legal politics is because the Indonesian nation until now has not had a national policy on the development of an integrated archipelagic state, weak understanding and awareness of Indonesia as an archipelagic state, has not set the boundaries of territorial waters even though the territorial waters, weak defense and state resilience from the seaside. Based on these problems, efforts to protect and ensure state security by sea are absolute. How is the legal politics of maritime development within the boundaries of territorial waters in Indonesia and how the enforcement of maritime law in Indonesian maritime waters is related to the country's maritime security? This research uses empirical juridical research methods, through tracing and reviewing secondary data, in the form of laws and regulations, academic manuscripts, policy recommendations, and scientific works of experts in the field of maritime development. The results of the discussion of the internationally recognized politics of maritime development law are very important, as a rule that can be used as a reference, especially by countries that have ratified it in determining maritime policy. The government has set various development policies and development of the maritime sector and is still weak in consistency and priority of implementation of these programs. Law enforcement in the maritime sector of Indonesia related to state maritime security is indispensable for the implementation of state maritime security in inland waters, archipelagic waters, Indonesian territorial seas, sea lanes, straits for international shipping of the Indonesian continental shelf, EEZ, and additional zones due to various forms of threats and threats to the Indonesian sea which has abundant natural resource potential and geographical position and strategic geopolitics.

Long term of sea surface temperature prediction for Indonesia seas using multi time-series satellite data for upwelling dynamics projection

Global warming, which impacts global temperatures, has led to an increase in sea surface temperature (SST). This rise significantly affects marine ecological systems, especially in Indonesia. As a result, long-term forecasting of SST dynamics is essential for shaping various policies. However, most studies on SST forecasting have focused on short-term predictions in local or medium-sized areas and often overlook the dynamic upwelling that influences SST. In this paper, we propose a five-year SST prediction for the Indonesian seas, incorporating multi-time-series satellite data to project upwelling dynamics. We utilized two deep learning time series models to construct a predictive model that estimates monthly SST values. This model employs extensive multiple satellite data, encompassing 14,934 points (including SST with a resolution of 0.090, wind, ENSO, heat flux, and solar radiation) from 2003 to 2021. To enrich the training data and mitigate overfitting, we applied data augmentation for time series. Experimental results reveal that all satellite datasets correlate with SST over five years. The 1D-Convolution Neural Network outperformed the Long-Short Term Memory model, exhibiting the lowest mean absolute error of 0.39 °C compared to 0.45 °C. Our model detected a consistent upwelling dynamic over a five-year pattern in the Indonesian seas. These findings suggest that our proposed model offers accurate and efficient long-term monthly SST predictions, crucial for upwelling projections.