Indonesian Samples Research Articles

Cognitive Functioning and Associated Factors in Older Adults: Results from the Indonesian Family Life Survey-5 (IFLS-5) in 2014-2015.

Objective The study aims to investigate cognitive functioning and associated factors in a national general population-based sample of older Indonesians. Methods Participants were 1228 older adults, 65 years and older (median age 70.0 years, Interquartile Range=6.0), who took part in the cross-sectional Indonesian Family Life Survey-5 (IFLS-5) in 2014-15. They were requested to provide information about sociodemographic and various health variables, including cognitive functioning measured with items from the Telephone Survey of Cognitive Status (TICS). Multivariable linear regression analysis was performed to assess the association of sociodemographic factors, health variables, and cognitive functioning. Results The overall mean cognition score was 14.7 (SD=4.3) (range 0-34). In adjusted linear regression analysis, older age, having hypertension, and being underweight were negatively associated with better cognitive functioning and higher education was positively associated with better cognitive functioning. Conclusion Several sociodemographic and health risk factors for poor cognitive functioning were identified which can guide intervention strategies in Indonesia.

Complete Genome Sequence of the Putative Phosphonate Producer Streptomyces sp. Strain I6, Isolated from Indonesian Mangrove Sediment.

Streptomyces sp. strain I6 is a novel strain isolated from an Indonesian mangrove sediment sample. Bioinformatic analysis of the genome sequence of Streptomyces sp. I6 revealed 23 biosynthetic gene clusters. One of them encodes the synthesis of a putative phosphonate secondary metabolite, a class of underexplored natural compounds with great pharmaceutical potential.

Prevalence, social and health correlates of insomnia among persons 15 years and older in Indonesia

ABSTRACTThe study aims to investigate the prevalence and social and health correlates of insomnia symptoms in a national sample of older Indonesians who formed part of the ‘Indonesia Family Life Survey (IFLS-5)’ in 2014–15. A community-based cross-sectional study with a probability sample of 31,432 persons 15 years or older was conducted in Indonesia. Measures included information on insomnia, socio-demographic, health, physical activity, anthropometric and blood pressure. Results indicate that 55.7% of participants had no insomnia, 33.3% had sub-threshold insomnia and 11.0% had clinically significant insomnia symptoms. In adjusted logistic regression decreasing age, lower education, lower economic status, urban residence, lower religiosity, having experienced childhood hunger, and one or more disasters increased the odds of having insomnia. Poorer self-rated health status, increasing number of chronic conditions, functional disability, poorer cognitive functioning, and health care utilization in the past four weeks were associated with insomnia. Further, the prevalence of having insomnia was higher in those who were current tobacco users, were highly physically active, consumed infrequently fruit and vegetables, and frequently ate fast food and drank soft drinks. A significant proportion of Indonesians have insomnia symptoms and several risk factors were identified that can help in guiding interventions.

NMR metabolomics revealed metabolites and bioactivity variation in Torbangun leaves Plectranthus amboinicus L. with different origins

Plectranthus amboinicus has been reported to have antidiabetic and antioxidant activities. Environmental factors might influence the plant’s secondary metabolite profile and its beneficial properties. NMR-based metabolomics was used to show phytochemical variations between specimens of P. amboinicus grown in Japan and Indonesia. The results showed that flavonoids and triterpenes were among the discriminating factors of the variation between the two groups. Targeted comparative analysis of the concentration of the specific flavonoids of the plants using a validated HPLC-MWD method showed that the Japanese samples contained a higher concentration of total flavonoids compared with the Indonesian samples. The Japanese and Indonesian samples contained 1100.6 ± 5.1 and 532.4 ± 1.8 µg/g luteolin, and 584.5 ± 7.4 and 571.7 ± 11.6 µg/g apigenin, respectively. Eriodyctiol was detected only in the Indonesian samples. Contrarily, more intensive DPPH reduction and α-glucosidase inhibition activities were found in the Indonesian samples (IC50 14.4 ± 1.2 and 24.0 ± 0.3 µg/mL for the DPPH assay, 1181.9 ± 113.5 and 4451.4 ± 290.0 µg/mL for α-glucosidase inhibition, respectively). Thus, flavonoids might not be the only group of compounds related to the aforementioned bioactivities. This should be confirmed by further research targeting other groups of compounds, such as triterpenes.

Indonesia’s Sample Registration System in 2018: A Work in Progress

Background The Indonesian national Sample Registration System (SRS) is a source of vital statistical information. This article describes the design of the SRS along with an analysis of its performance during its inception period from 2014 to 2017. Methods The SRS was assessed according to the following criteria: sample size utilisation, population coverage, and mortality recording procedures/data management.International standard mortality indicators by age, sex, and cause, along with an assessment of data quality, were estimated for 2016. Results The SRS covers a population of 8.6 million in 128 sub-districts ( 103 rural and 25 urban) . Births and deaths are continuously recorded by local community health centres and causes of death are ascertained through verbal autopsy methods. From 2014 to 2017, mortality data completeness ranged from 55-72%, with cardiovascular diseases, diabetes, and chronic obstructive lung diseases, along with tuberculosis and transport accidents, being recorded as leading causes of death. However, as a result of the low level of completeness, total mortality indicators for the SRS population are questionable. Discussion As of 2018, system strengthening initiatives to increase data reliability and utility and thus to improve SRS performance and enhance its sustainability are being implemented by a collaboration of academic institutions. It is intended that lessons from the Indonesian SRS can guide vital statistics development programs in other settings.

Genetic diversity and patterns of demographic expansion in natural populations of milkfish, Chanos chanos (Forsskål, 1775), in the Philippines

The milkfish, Chanos chanos (Forsskål, 1775) is an important aquaculture species produced in the tropical Pacific region. Milkfish aquaculture is heavily reliant on seedstock; thus, there is a need to assess the genetic diversity of wild populations to identify areas that could be sources of high quality seedstock and broodstock. In this study, 631 milkfish specimens from 11 Philippine and, for comparison, two Indonesian wild populations were analysed for their genetic diversities using mitochondrial control region and cytochrome b. High genetic diversity indices were found for Sarangani, Claveria, and Camarines Sur populations in the Philippines. Philippine samples had either comparable or higher genetic diversity values than Indonesian samples from Medan and Sulawesi. Based on neutrality tests and mismatch distribution analysis, Philippine samples exhibited population expansion. Such pattern was not observed among Indonesian specimens. Genetic structure among populations was weak based on analysis of molecular variance (AMOVA). Correlation between genetic distance and geographic distance was not significant. Differentiation among marine biogeographic regions was small based on hierarchical AMOVA. High gene flow due to natural dispersal and influx of haplotypes brought about by importation may have contributed to the patterns observed, but diversification events within the Philippines were still evident.

CONSUMERS’ MOTIVATION TO SEEK INGREDIENT AUTHENTICITY IN JEWELLERY AND ITS EFFECT ON PRODUCT JUDGMENT AND WILLINGNESS TO BUY/RECOMMEND

CONSUMERS’ MOTIVATION TO SEEK INGREDIENT AUTHENTICITY IN JEWELLERY AND ITS EFFECT ON PRODUCT JUDGMENT AND WILLINGNESS TO BUY/RECOMMEND

The Religious Attribution Scale: further validation with an American sample

ABSTRACTThe Religious Attribution Scale (RAS) was developed recently and validated with a predominantly Muslim Indonesian sample. This study aimed to demonstrate the validity of the RAS with a sample of individuals from the US. Students from two US colleges participated in this research. In addition to the RAS, other constructs such as meaning in life and life satisfaction were assessed. Reliabilities for all measures were acceptable. Similar to the findings reported for the Indonesian sample, positive religious attribution was associated positively with the presence of meaning in the US sample. However, different relations were observed between positive attribution and search for meaning in life in the US and Indonesian sample. We also found that positive religious attribution had positive correlations with life satisfaction and negative religious attribution factors were negatively related to life satisfaction. Mediational analysis revealed that meaning in life was a potential mediator for religious attribution and life satisfaction.

The Effectiveness of Orofacial Pain Therapy in Indonesia: A Cross-Sectional Study.

Objective(s) As the most complained oral problems in Indonesia, the therapy of orofacial pain has to be constantly evaluated. The objective of the current study was to evaluate the effectiveness of orofacial pain therapy in Indonesia. Method(s) This study recruited 5412 (3816 female; 1596 male) participants from 27 districts in West Java province. Half of the participants (2714) were recruited from those who were treated at community health centers whilst the rest were those who were treated at private dental clinics. A Likert-scale questionnaire that consists of nine questions that were divided to three subsections was used. The first subsection of the questionnaire evaluated the participants' post-therapy basic oral functions (three questions), and the second part evaluated the participants' post-therapy pain intensity and frequency (three questions), whilst the last part evaluated the participants' post-therapy activities (three questions). All data were then cross-tabulated and correlated by using Spearman correlation. Result The current study revealed that out of 5412 participants, 4023 (74.33%) participants claimed that the therapy has enabled them to perform their work activity as usual, whilst 2576 (59.2%) claimed that the therapy has decreased the intensity of the pain moderately. A significant (p < 0.01) correlation (r = 0.1) between the type of dental facility visited and the total score of the therapy effectiveness was revealed. Conclusion The therapy of orofacial pain in Indonesian sample was proven to be effective. Further study evaluating the reasons underlying the current results is of importance.

Determinants of capital structure and firm financial performance—A PLS-SEM approach: Evidence from Malaysia and Indonesia

We examine the impact of capital structure determinants on firm financial performance together with the mediation effect of firm leverage in Malaysia and Indonesia over the period of 1990–2010. Our results show that certain of the capital structure determinants directly affect firm financial performance. We also observe that only the Malaysian sample has a positive significant correlation between firm leverage and firm financial performance. Malaysian firms use external financing instead of internal financing to heighten performance. Our results also show that firm leverage plays a mediating role in Malaysia but not for the Indonesian sample. The asset structure, growth opportunities, liquidity, non-debt tax shield and interest rate are the attributes that were indirectly influenced by firm leverage on firm financial performance. Further analysis for multi-group analysis (MGA) in PLS was also used to test the equality of the parameter estimates. We observe that certain attribute coefficients in the determinants of capital structure and firm financial performance are significantly different between Malaysia and Indonesia.

Prevalence and Risk Factors Associated with Injurious Falls among Community-Dwelling Older Adults in Indonesia.

Objective To assess the prevalence and health correlates of fall-related injury in a national population-based community-dwelling sample of older Indonesians. Methods Participants were 6698 older adults, 50 years and older (median age 58.0 years, IQR=11.0, and age range of 50–101 years), who took part in in the Indonesia Family Life Survey (IFLS-5) in 2014-15. They provided information about sociodemographic, various health variables, including a falling down and received treatment history in the last two years. Results Overall, 12.8% had one or more fall-related injuries in the past two years, 14.0% among women and 11.5% among men, 7.6% had a single fall, and 5.2% multiple fall-related injuries in the past two years. In multivariable logistic regression models, having two or more chronic conditions, urinary problems, and functional disability was independently associated with multiple fall-related injuries in the past two years in both sexes. Sex-specific risk factors were former tobacco use, having or having had a cataract, sleep disturbance, and sleep impairment in men and poorer economic background, depression symptoms, and low cognitive functioning in women. Conclusion A significant proportion of older adults in Indonesia have fall-related injury. Several homogenous between the sexes and sex-specific risk factors for fall-related injury were identified that can help in designing fall-prevention strategies.

Polymorphism of Cyp1a1 (T6235C) is not a significant risk factor of osteoporosis in postmenopausal Indonesian woman

Osteoporosis is an increasingly common disease resulting in reduced bone mineral density (BMD) and elevated likelihood of bone fracture, and particularly affected are postmenopausal women with additional risk factors including genetic predisposition. The CYP1A1, is one of the candidate genes that have been suggested to be associated with the pathogenesis of osteoporosis. This work aimed to evaluate the distribution of a selected polymorphism of this gene (T6235C) with respect to the BMD status in postmenopausal Indonesian women. The results show that osteoporosis is associated with age and menopause, as expected, but not with the tested polymorphism of CYP1A1 in the Indonesian sample population. It is suggested that other P450 cytochrome enzymes and their polymorphisms could provide more significant indicators of the future health of postmenopausal women.

Risk Factors of Orofacial Pain: A Population-Based Study in West Java Province, Indonesia.

Background:The management of orofacial pain in Indonesia has not been well performed, which consequently led to an increase in the orofacial pain occurrences and a decreased quality of life. One of the possible reasons for this particular matter is the lack of evaluation on the risk factors that might induce orofacial pain in some individuals.Objective:The objective of the current study was to evaluate the risk factors of orofacial pain on productive age population in West Java province, Indonesia.Methods:One thousand and fifty-six participants (522 males; 534 females) were recruited for the study. A questionnaire that consists of demographic questions and questions evaluating several assumed risk factors for orofacial pain was used in a single interview. All data was analyzed by using Chi Square test to test the significance, Odds Ratio (OR), as well as Relative Risk (RR) by using SPSS version 23 (IBM Statistic, USA).Results:The result of the current study revealed that bruxism (p<0.01), daytime clenching (p<0.01), and unilateral chewing (p<0.01) were significantly related to the occurrence of orofacial pain. It was also found that participants who performed multitude of heavy liftings at work have an increased risk (RR=1.19: 95% CI: 1.04 – 1.35) of having orofacial pain compared to those who do not.Conclusion:Risk factors for the occurrence of orofacial pain on productive age population in Indonesian sample consisted of oral parafunctional habits and non-parafunctional habits, such as heavy lifting. Further study in this particular topic is of importance.

Indonesian Perceptions Toward Materials in Context of Culture

Human attitudes, behavior and perceptions are shaped by their culture. Culture is deeply embedded in all aspects of human life, including design development. This study was conducted to discover perceptions regarding five chair materials (wood, rattan, bamboo, metal, and plastic) in a cultural context in an Indonesian student sample group. A previous study suggested that Indonesian participants have a positive attitude toward natural chair materials such as wood and rattan. The experimental results of the present follow-up study suggest that rattan is the chair material most representative of Indonesian culture. As a heterogeneous country, Indonesia has multiple ethnicities, which influences the perception of which material best represents Indonesian culture.

Physico-chemical characterization of slag waste from coal gasification syngas plants: Effect of the gasification temperature on slag waste as construction material

Abstract The ash fusion temperature determines the suitability of coal for the entrained flow gasification/combustion process. For this purpose, Indonesian KPU coal samples and their ash and slag contents were comprehensibly characterized via X-ray fluorescence (XRF), X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy/energy dispersive spectroscopy (SEM/EDS), and inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry (ICP-OES) methods. To assess their environmental impacts, leachate solutions were prepared from the discharged slag for ICP-OES analyses. The experimental data were comprehensively explained in terms of ash fusion temperatures and fluidity properties of the coal ashes. More specifically, the coal slagging behavior inside of coal gasifier/combustors necessitated optimization of the operational conditions for subsequent mild slagging. The currently used coal gasification operation temperature ranges favored mild slagging at 1200 to 1300 °C (19.9 to 20.1 bar) and incomplete slagging at 1100...

POLYMORPHISM OF METHYLENETETRAHYDROFOLATE REDUCTASE (A1298C) AS A RISK FACTOR FOR OSTEOPOROSIS IN POST-MENOPAUSAL INDONESIAN WOMEN

Objective: The study aimed to assess the association between the A1298C polymorphism of the methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (MTHFR) gene and risk to osteoporosis in post-menopausal Indonesian women.Methods: After ethical approval, calcaneus bone mineral density (BMD) (T-scoring) was assessed from 194 consenting post-menopausal Indonesian women by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry, and DNA of the participants was isolated from peripheral blood samples. To determine the status of A1298C polymorphism of MTHFR, isolated DNA was polymerase chain reaction (PCR) amplified in 35 cycles, to result in PCR product sizes of 302 bp (1298A) and 275 bp (1298C). For fragment detection, the PCR product was subjected to electrophoresis on agarose gel. The results were statistically assessed for genotype and allotype comparison according to the T-score grouping by Chi-square analysis, assuming statistical significance at p&lt;0.05.Results: The results show no significant association between the T-score (BMD) grouping and genotype (or allotype) of the tested polymorphism of MTHFR. The observed genotype distribution of the tested MTHFR polymorphism (A1298C) differs clearly from those previously reported, with AC as the dominant genotype in the Indonesian sample population of the present work.Conclusion: The MTHFR (A1298C) polymorphism is relatively infrequent in the Indonesian female population, and no significant association was observed between this polymorphism, bone mineral density, and osteoporotic status.

THE RELIABILITY OF THE BOLTON RATIO WHEN APPLIED TO THE INDONESIAN POPULATION

Objective: The objective of this study is to determine whether Bolton ratio can be applied clinically to the Indonesian population and to determine a more suitable Bolton ratio for the Indonesian population.Methods: This study was conducted on 120 readily available study models of treated cases comprising 37 males and 83 females. Two investigators separately measured the mesiodistal crown width of maxillary and mandibular tooth on each study model using sliding calipers. According to Bolton’s method, the overall and anterior ratios from each sample were calculated and the mean was generated. Using Student’s t-test with a 95% confidence interval, the investigators compared whether there is a significant difference between the ratio from Bolton’s samples and the ratio from the Indonesian samples.Results: The result of this study showed that, for Indonesian samples, the overall ratio is 89.7±2.05, while the anterior ratio is 76.4±2.76. Student’s t-test showed that there is a statistically significant difference (p&lt;0.05) between the results of this study and that of Bolton’s study for both the anterior and overall ratios.Conclusion: It can be concluded that there is a difference between Indonesian population and Caucasian population in tooth size and Bolton ratio value. Therefore, original Bolton ratio value cannot be used as an accurate diagnostic tool for Indonesian population.

The Power Generation from Coal in Pakistan: Assessment of Physicochemical Pollutant Indicators in Indigenous Reserves in Comparison to the Foreign Coal

Electricity production through coal combustion is the only viable solution in minimum timing. As environmental chemists, our primary goal is to assess environmental hazards and suggest cost-effective technologies for reducing combustion pollutants. In the present study, indigenous coal samples from different mines were analyzed for their physicochemical properties and toxic metals. Five samples from foreign coal mines were also studied for comparison purposes and already in use for power generation. The sulfur content in Thar coal (0.62 %) is similar to foreign samples of Indonesian and Mozambique samples (0.35 – 1.63 %). Heating values of local coals show their potential as future fuel. The principal component analysis was applied to the data. It interprets that the concentration of toxic metals in indigenous and foreign samples is lower than the reported Greece samples. The concentration of metals in Badin coal samples is similar to foreign studied samples and is lower than the reported China, South Africa and other local samples. Copper (77.64 mg/kg), Zinc (63.23 mg/kg), Chromium (75.80 mg/kg), Mercury (0.22 mg/kg) and Manganese (119.07 mg/kg) are found to be high in Thar and Lead (49.41 mg/kg) in Lakhra. Balochistan is elevated in the concentration of nickel (52.63 mg/kg). It becomes obligatory for the policy makers of the country to suggest legislation for the use of appropriate Clean Coal Technologies (CCT) in the use of the coal in power sector.

Indonesian healthy living intentions: Segmentation study insights

Obesity is a global epidemic. The very rapid growth rates of obesity prevalence observed in developing countries is alarming. Segmentation is under applied in social marketing and, when it is applied, it is based primarily on demographic data in samples drawn from developed nations. The current study adopts psychographic segmentation to understand lifestyle attitudes and intentions towards exercise and weight loss among an Indonesian sample. TwoStep cluster analysis (n = 499) identified 4 distinct segments (At risk, Conscious healthy, Overweight, and Tryers). The results of this study demonstrate that different groups exist in the larger population and that consideration of these groups may assist social marketers in creating service/intervention offerings that meet the needs of a broader range of people in the market, thus extending penetration of campaigns that address obesity.

Sequence variation among populations of sawfishes (Pristiformes: Pristidae) from Indonesia and Australia

Sutarno, Budiharjo A, Setyawan AD, Lymbery AJ. 2017. Sequence variation among populations of sawfishes (Pristiformes: Pristidae) from Indonesia and Australia. Biodiversitas 18: 850-856. The sawfishes (Pristiformes: Pristidae) are very rare and critically endangered species globally, calling for conservation efforts around the world. This species is taxonomically interesting because molecular research in recent years has led to re-groupings in some species. The aim of this research was to sequence the control region (CR) of mitochondrial DNA of sawfishes from Indonesia and Australia, compare the sequences between samples, and construct phylogenetic trees to know the relationship of those samples. To achieve these aims, dried rostra of samples from both countries are collected, total DNA were purified and amplified using PCR, followed by sequencing reaction. The sequence data were then lined followed by constructing phylogenetic trees. The results of the BLASTN and phylogenetic tree analysis found two species, the all Australian samples belong to Pristis pristis (formerly P. microdon), one Indonesian sample also belongs to P. pristis, while the other Indonesian samples belong to Anoxypristis cuspidata.