Indonesian Respondents Research Articles

The influence of electronic word of mouth through Tiktok on purchasing intention of skincare products in Indonesia

The ever-expanding internet has brought social media become a medium by which Electronic Word of Mouth (eWOM) is disseminated, particularly among skincare users. This study aims to assess the impact of eWOM through TikTok on skincare product purchase intention by developing a conceptual model of hypotheses that encompasses a multiplicity of factors that might be associated. The researcher investigates what factors impact eWOM usefulness & eWOM credibility and why consumers may adopt it when making a purchase. To examine our research model, a quantitative approach is employed using a sample of 373 Indonesian respondents via a web-based questionnaire. Structural equation modeling (SEM) analysis with the program SmartPLS was employed to test ten proposed hypotheses. The results indicate that source expertise is the most significant factor that may impact eWOM credibility in addition to perceived persuasiveness, perceived informativeness, and source trustworthiness. Additionally, source trustworthiness is the main predictor of eWOM credibility in addition to perceived persuasiveness and source expertise with regard to TikTok. It was found that eWOM usefulness and credibility together increase the possibility of adopting an eWOM message, and eWOM adoption mediates the influence of credibility and usefulness on customer purchase intention toward skincare products on TikTok. Only a few studies have examined TikTok as a medium of eWOM distribution and its influence on skincare product purchase intention, therefore this study provides vital insights into eWOM literature by identifying the new platform. This study helps brands learn what to consider when designing marketing strategies to enhance purchase intentions.

Why Do Consumers Use Ride-Hailing? Evidence from China and Indonesia

Consumers’ attitudes and preferences in developing countries differ from those in developed countries. The research compared the motivation to use ride-hailing in developing and developed countries to understand consumers better. The research applied a qualitative survey with 52 drivers, followed by a quantitative survey with 741 passengers. It was finalized by one quantitative survey of 818 respondents to answer the research questions. The passengers in both quantitative surveys were from Indonesia and China who were Chinese, Indonesian, and Expatriates in China. Indicators in Partial Least Square-Structural Equation Modelling (PLS-SEM) were used to capture ride-hailing phenomena closer to actual business situations and made more robust measurements for future testing of consumers’ decisions in sharing economy setting. The results show that the habit factor influences the decision to use ride-hailing among Indonesian, Chinese, and Expatriate respondents. Meanwhile, the financial factor only influences Indonesian respondents. Safety factor affects Expatriate respondents, and utility and convenience factors influence the decision of Chinese respondents. Innovation and social factors are significant when the significance level is reduced to the exploratory level. In conclusion, managers of sharing economy companies in developing and developed countries can use Importance-Performance Mapping Analysis (IPMA) result in the research to identify important but weak factors that can be improved.

The Effect of Brand Image and Celebrity Influencers towards Consumer Purchase Intention of ERIGO Store

Exacerbated by mass media and modern digital marketing, the role of celebrity influence is considered paramount in driving forward purchase intention and in building a strong brand image. However, studies for this topic provide mixed results, with very few being conducted within the geographical context of Indonesia. This paper surveys whether these factors (celebrity influence; brand image) significantly affect Indonesian respondents’ purchase decision for the local brand, ERIGO. An online survey questionnaire was developed using multiple perceptional scales with prevalidated survey items, as taken from previous research. The results show that neither brand image nor celebrity influence have a positive significant impact on purchase decision for respondents in Indonesia. The suggested consumer purchase intention study will contribute to the growing body of knowledge aimed at understanding behavior of consumer purchase intention in Indonesia.

Exploring the Link Between Cashless Society and Cybercrime in Indonesia

This study examines whether the rise in cybercrime activity in Indonesia is associated with the perceived benefits, convenience, and risk of a cashless society. In doing so, we apply Structural Equation Modelling (SEM) to a total sample of 200 Indonesian respondents who have been victims of cyber fraud. The results indicate that the high cybercrime rate, including phishing, distributed denial-of-service (DDoS), and social engineering, is positively associated with the perceived benefits and risks of transacting online. The rise in cases of DDoS can particularly be linked to consumers’ increasing perceptions of convenience in undertaking cashless transactions. The findings suggest that more stringent cyber law enforcement needs to be implemented. Digital technologies will continue to improve, and more consumers will do transactions digitally. With increasing volumes of cashless transactions, the risk of cyber attacks will likely increase. Stakeholders need to strengthen data privacy and provide a secure environment for customers. International cooperation should be promoted through the establishment of virtual world law as economic activities and cybercrime risks now become borderless.

The Influence of Social Media Marketing Instagram towards Brand Awareness, Brand Image, and Brand Loyalty of @Somethincofficial

After China and India, Indonesia has the third greatest number of internet users in Asia. Because of the large number of internet users in Indonesia and the extensive usage of social media in the country, one of them is Instagram. Understanding the factors that influence brand awareness, brand image, and brand loyalty on social media marketing, Instagram is a tremendous chance for business owners who want to strengthen their brands in the eyes of their customers. This study intends to develop measurement materials to assess the impact of Instagram marketing on brand awareness, image, and loyalty in one of Indonesia's leading skincare brands, "Somethinc." Entertainment, Interaction, Trendiness, Advertisement, and Customization are the sub-dimensions that will be employed in this study. The information for this study was gathered by sending out online surveys to Instagram users who follow the Somethinc social media account (@somethincofficial). This study employed SPSS software to examine the validity and reliability of 30 Indonesian respondents. The findings of this investigation show that all measurement materials are valid and reliable and can be used for further research.

Analysis of The Impact of COVID-19 pandemic on Consumer Satisfaction: A study of McDonald’s Food Delivery

McDonald's is the world's well-known fast-food corporation. Consequently, McDelivery as a food delivery service has been commonly used and popular in most countries. The objective of this study research is to investigate and analyze the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on consumer satisfaction towards McDonald’s food delivery. To better understand the findings of the research, an online survey has been carried out to collect the data needed. This survey involved 112 Malaysian and Indonesian respondents and the data were analyzed by the SPSS software. The findings show that perceived usefulness and perceived price are the most significant factors in enhancing customer satisfaction with McDelivery apps and websites. Conversely, the perceived ease of use and perceived trust had no significant impact on customer satisfaction. Keywords: Consumer Behavior, Consumer Satisfaction, COVID-19, Food delivery, McDelivery, Perceived Price, Perceived Usefulness.

The Influence of Social Experience on an Individual's Personal Characteristics Related to Their Intention to Use Social Commerce

This study highlighted the role of consumers' characteristics and their association with social experience in Social Commerce (SC) usage. A theoretical model was developed using Social Exchange and Social Impact theory to disclose the factors influencing user intention in SC by made use of 532 Indonesian respondents. The results showed that the social experience factors were discovered to have enhanced individual personal constructs associated with SC intention, including Habit, Self-efficacy, and Trust. In detail, Perceived Herd and Informational Support were found to have both direct and indirect impacts on user intention through individual personality characteristics. In contrast, Emotional Support has only an indirect effect. Even though prior studies already observe constructs proposed in the theoretical model, the exploration of the extensive association between social experience on the personal element concerning individual intention to use SC has not been adequately addressed. Therefore, it is considered as a contribution of this study toward the body of knowledge.

The Perception of Lying of Indonesians Living Abroad

There are four common requirements of the definition of ‘lie’; they are (1) falsehood of a statement, (2) speaker’s belief regarding the falsehood, (3) intention to deceive the hearer, and (4) belief that the hearer will be deceived by the statement (Mahon, 2015). Speaker’s belief or subjective falsity is the most important element as argued by philosophers and linguists. This argument is true for speakers of English (Coleman & Kay, 1981), Arabic (Cole, 1996), and Spanish (Hardin, 2010; Eichelberger, 2012), but not for Indonesians (Adha, 2020) or Chinese people (Adha & Li, 2021). Indonesians and Chinese people consider objective falsity as the most important element in the definition of ‘lie’, but the latter group also emphasizes on intention, speaker-hearer relationship, and situational context. Since cultures have a role in shaping the choice and moral judgements about truth and deception (Fu, Xu, Cameron, Heyman & Lee, 2007), would Indonesians living and experiencing foreign cultures have a different perception about a lie? Specifically, would Indonesians living in China have a perception that is similar to Chinese people? A questionnaire consisting stories in Chinese Mandarin was distributed to 45 Indonesian respondents. All respondents have lived at least one year in China as foreign students in a Chinese university and have at least lower intermediate levels in Mandarin language. The result shows that the Indonesian respondents living abroad exhibit more uncertainty in their responses compared to Indonesian respondents in Adha’s (2020) study. Thus, it is feasible to argue that a new environment with a different culture may affect one’s perception.

Cross-Cultural Adjustment of Indonesian Expatriates in South Korea

This study examines the cross-cultural adjustment of Indonesian expatriates working in South Korea. Specifically, it focuses on Indonesian expatriates’ experiences and ways to adjust to the Korean workplace setting. Drawing upon in-depth interviews with nine Indonesian respondents, this study follows the adaptation model by Milton Bennet and moves beyond the antecedents of cross-cultural adjustment. It elaborates the expatriates’ practices in dealing with and negotiating cultural differences in the face of Korean working culture. The findings demonstrate that adjustment entails the acquisition of new norms and modes of behaviors as well as maintenance of old practices. Further, the sense of foreignness has been found constructive for cross-cultural adaptation.

Understanding the Challenges of Social Media ‎Users: Management Students' Perspectives in ‎Two Asian Countries

The primary objective of this study is to discover the challenges faced by social media users. To this end, the researchers first designed a scale and then asked 272 individuals from Indonesia and Oman to take it. Frequency, percentile distribution, and weighted mean were used to analyze the data qualitatively. The findings reveal that the respondents in two countries spent five hours on their social media, and with its use, they got more than one hundred online friends. Facebook and YouTube were found to be the most common social media platforms used by the two groups, and keeping in contact with their family and friends was the reason that was common to them. While Indonesian respondents highly rated the majority of the positive effects of social media use, the Omani respondents showed that the use of social media affected a lot on their sleeping patterns. In closing, the two groups of respondents had common ideas in some of the indicators utilized in this study.

Acculturation of English Greeting Patterns to Bugis Speech Community in Ajatappareng Region, Indonesia

This study was conducted to know whether or not the acculturation of English greeting patterns influences the Bugis speech community in producing greetings in Universitas Muhammadiyah Parepare. The use of greetings in the Bugis speech community daily life would like to be proven to increase the knowledge about the acculturation of English greetings patterns. The researcher used survey research by using questionnaires as a research instrument. The sample of this research consisted of 67 students of Universitas Muhammadiyah Parepare fromthe Bugis speech community that lives in the Ajatappareng region in South Sulawesi, Indonesia. The result shows that the acculturation of greetings among the Bugis speech community through the use of the English/Indonesian/local greetings is not happening. The tabulated charts of each question and topic given to the respondents showed a sign of consistency of how infrequently the respondents used any kind of time bound greetings whether it is Indonesian or English greetings. Moreover, the collected information indicates that the use of English greetings is only customized for people who occur to come from English-speaking environments. Certainly, the results fromthis study cannot be taken to represent Buginese and Indonesian people as a whole, but the results themselves gave a picture of howboth English and Indonesian greetings used among the Indonesian respondents look the same on the provided data. The notable result would be about how the utilization of greetings can be shown on different occasions

The Centrality of Brand Awareness

The brand concept, especially brand loyalty, has evolved significantly; however, this phenomenon is still considered far from complete. This study extends a long line of scholars’ efforts by investigating a moderating effect of brand awareness in triangle relationships between product innovation and brand trust and brand loyalty. The hypotheses were tested based on online questionnaire data collected from 100 Indonesian respondents. The Ordinary least square (OLS) regression analysis shows that brand awareness positively and significantly moderates these triangle relationships. Additionally, the direct relationships between product innovation on brand awareness and brand loyalty and brand trust and brand loyalty were found to be significant. This research offers future research direction and implications for business practitioners and academics.

Personal attitudes and beliefs and willingness to pay to reduce marine plastic pollution in Indonesia

Marine plastic pollution (MPP) is one of the most pressing issues especially for fast-growing economies in the Global South where addressing it involves both government and personal actions to achieve effective waste management policies. Alternative modelling strategies accounting for personal traits and beliefs (latent attitudes) which are unobservable characteristics are frequently overlooked in policy assessment studies. This study combines contingent valuation and latent traits questions to derive the willingness of Indonesian respondents to support MPP mitigation initiatives. One and two-step models are compared to test the sensitivity of results to modelling assumptions. Latent traits help to understand the willingness to pay (WTP) for MPP and one and two-step approaches produce comparable results. On average respondents are willing to pay £15, per person, per year to reduce MPP, or 2% of the average monthly salary. Local and international organizations should consider motivations and latent traits when designing MPP mitigation strategies.

Why do people visit primate tourism sites? Investigating macaque tourism in Japan and Indonesia.

Primates are popular species in wildlife tourism contexts and provide economic benefits to habitat countries where primate-based tourism activities are a part of the country's tourism economy. Primate tourism runs a broad gamut from safari-like expeditions within remote primate habitats to designated monkey parks and incidental primate tourism. In most forms of primate tourism, primate ecology and behaviour are directly influenced by humans, making these interfaces particularly relevant for examination using the lens of ethnoprimatology. While several studies have assessed the impact of tourism on primates, little is known about people's motivations for observing monkeys for recreational purposes. Here we present two case studies-the Jigokudani Monkey Park, Japan, and the Telaga Warna Nature Recreational Park, Indonesia-where we provide quantitative assessments of people's motivations for visiting managed (monkey parks) and unmanaged (incidental) monkey tourism sites. We further show that management regimes, socio-demographic attributes, previous experience of interactions with macaques, and feeding them play a role in people's desire to visit macaque tourism sites. In Japan, those who had interacted with macaques before were more likely to visit the park to observe macaques clearly and at close quarters. In contrast, respondents in Indonesia were more interested in the recreational opportunities offered by the nature reserve rather than in macaques. However, here too, people who had interacted with macaques earlier were more likely to visit incidental macaque tourist sites for the sole purpose of viewing or interacting with macaques. Almost 50% of the Japanese respondents visited the monkey park due to personal inclinations, while less than 14% of people in Indonesia visited the park of their own volition. Also, over 57% of the Japanese respondents said that visiting monkey parks helped them gain a better understanding of macaque behaviour, whereas only about 26% respondents said likewise in Indonesia. Unlike the Japanese respondents, most of the Indonesian respondents engaged in feeding macaques. These findings suggest that management regimes as well as socio-demographic attributes may influence people's motivations to visit macaque tourism sites.

The effect of the social aspect, media dependency, and uncertainty against the formation of Trust toward information in social network sites: A case study of COVID‐19 information in Indonesia

This study developed a comprehensive theoretical model to analyze individual Trust's formation concerning information related to COVID‐19 circulated in Social Network Sites (SNS) in Indonesia. The developed model used Social Impact, Uncertainty, and SNS Dependency theories. This study narrows the concept of Trust, which refers to how much individuals judge and consider the COVID‐19 information received in SNS as reliable and trustworthy. Data collected from 390 Indonesian respondents were used to analyze the proposed model via SEM analysis techniques. The findings indicated that SNS dependency had the most substantial immediate impact on Trust. Meanwhile, the result from a social impact perspective explicitly showed the various forms through which other people influence individuals' Trust in COVID‐19 information circulated in SNS. Uncertainty was also found to indirectly affect and moderate the direct impact of SNS dependency on Trust. However, this comprehensive observation has not been discussed thoroughly from a social perspective by prior studies and can contribute to future research. The indirect and moderating effects were additional contributions of this study that had not been profoundly utilized by previous related research.

Traditional Beliefs in Postpartum Care among Indonesian and Filipino Mothers: A Comparative Study

Introduction: This study was conducted to assess the traditional beliefs and practices in postpartum care among Indonesian and Filipino mothers to propose a program to improve maternal and child health. Methods: The study utilized a descriptive research design to Indonesian mother respondents (n=110) and Filipino mother-respondents (n=119) who were conveniently selected. Traditional beliefs focused on technological factors, religious and philosophical factors, kinship and social factors, cultural values, beliefs, lifestyles, political and legal factors, economic factors, and educational factors were evaluated. Results: On assessing the traditional beliefs in postpartum care, Indonesian mother respondents obtained an overall mean of 2.83 verbally interpreted as agree/true while Filipino mother-respondents yielded an overall mean of 2.99 verbally interpreted as agree/true. Statistical analysis showed a significant difference in the assessment of Indonesian and Filipino mother respondents on their traditional beliefs in postpartum care in terms of technological factors, kinship, and social factors, cultural values, and educational factors. Conclusions: These findings indicate that traditional practices towards maternal care in the postpartum period are commonplace that have been practiced for generations in countries in Southeast Asia, especially Indonesia and the Philippines, although there are different traditional beliefs in postpartum care in aspects of technological factors, kinship and social factors, cultural values, beliefs, and like ways factors, and educational factors.

Applying knowledge, social concern and perceived risk in planned behavior theory for tourism in the Covid-19 pandemic

Aplicación del conocimiento, la preocupación social y el riesgo percibido en la teoría del comportamiento planificado en el turismo durante la pandemia del Covid-19PropósitoEste artículo analiza los efectos del control de la distancia física en la intención de viajar durante la pandemia y la influencia del conocimiento, la preocupación social y riesgo percibido en la teoría del comportamiento planificado (TPB).Diseño/ metodologíaA través de un sistema de muestreo por conveniencia, se obtuvo una muestra de 1.068 participantes de Indonesia que completaron la encuesta online durante la pandemia. La información recopilada fue analizada a través del PLS-SEM.ResultadosLos resultados indicaron que la norma subjetiva como factor externo de la teoría del comportamiento planificado ejerce un efecto superior al de los factores internos; actitud y control del comportamiento. Resulta que, en una sociedad colectivista, la prohibición reforzada por la familia y amigos, así como las sanciones del gobierno ejercen una influencia mayor en la decisión individual de viajar. Los resultados también sugieren que el conocimiento, los riesgos percibidos y la preocupación social afectan al comportamiento del turista. La incertidumbre y el desconocimiento disminuyen el nivel de riesgo percibido lo cual conduce a un menor control a la hora de cumplir con el distanciamiento físico y a una mayor intención de viajar durante la pandemia.Limitaciones del estudio/implicacionesLas limitaciones de esta investigación tienen su origen en el sistema de muestreo de conveniencia utilizado en esta investigación. Este método puede no representar al total de la población, lo cual provoca dificultad en la generalización de los resultados. También existe la necesidad de ampliar el modelo de la teoría del comportamiento planificado (TPB) incorporando variables propias del contexto turístico y de la pandemia. Este estudio supone una aportación a la literatura existente en turismo al aplicar la teoría del comportamiento planeado al análisis del comportamiento de los turistas durante la pandemia del covid-19, con un enfoque en el conocimiento, la preocupación social y la teoría del riesgo percibido.Implicaciones prácticasEsta investigación es de utilidad para los responsables de la planificación de la actividad turística tanto a nivel gubernamental como privado. Es crucial para que las organizaciones responsables de la gestión del destino (DMO) comprendan la relación existente entre conocimiento, percepción y preocupación social, con el comportamiento de los turistas cuando viajan en tiempos de pandemia. La comprensión del comportamiento de los turistas cuando viajan durante la pandemia ayudará a desarrollar, crear actividades y diseñar protocolos de salud en las atracciones de los turistas.Originalidad/valoEste estudio extiende la teoría de comportamiento planificado al análisis del comportamiento de los turistas durante la pandemia a través de la aplicación del conocimiento, preocupación social y elementos de riesgo percibido.

The determinants of eco-friendly tourist behaviour: perspectives from Indian and Indonesian tourists travelling abroad

ABSTRACT As India and Indonesia are becoming two sources for international travellers from emerging markets, understanding their eco-friendly behaviour is crucial to developing sustainable tourism. This study investigates the determining roles of nature relatedness, happiness, and willingness to sacrifice for the environment on eco-friendly tourist behaviour. Four hundred and four respondents from India and Indonesia took part in the survey. The results of the study of both Indian and Indonesian respondents consistently indicate how nature relatedness influences eco-friendly tourist behaviour directly and indirectly through their willingness to sacrifice for the environment. However, this study did not find that happiness mediates the influence of nature relatedness on eco-friendly tourist behaviour.

PREDICTING PURCHASE INTENTION TOWARD HALAL PACKAGED FOOD FROM NON-MUSLIM MANUFACTURERS: A COMPARATIVE STUDY OF MUSLIM IN THAILAND AND INDONESIA

Halal packaged food products have attracted much attention in ASEAN where its largest member, Indonesia, is the world’s most populous Muslim country and is a major market in the region. For non-Muslim country like Thailand, Islam also has significant role being the second popular religion after Buddhism. Although Islamic population in Thailand is not as great as in Islamic countries, Thailand plays a substantial part in halal business as beingrecognized as a food production base exporting halal food worldwide. Therefore, the major objective of this study is to identify and analyze the significant factors that influence purchase intention of Thai and Indonesian Muslims toward halal packaged food products from non-Muslim manufacturers. This study used a survey to collect data consisting of 200 Thai respondents and 200 Indonesian respondents. The results indicated that product ingredients significantly influenced consumers’ intention to purchase both in Thailand and Indonesia while halal certification only significantly influenced consumers’ intention to purchase in Indonesia.

Feasibility study to detect occupant thermal sensation using a low-cost thermal camera for indoor environments in Indonesia

This paper concerns the feasibility study of 7 classes of thermal sensation detection in Indonesia's indoor environment using a low-cost thermal camera through face skin temperature. This study is required as an initial step to build a thermal comfort sensor system of HVAC control systems to produce a comfortable indoor environment with minimum and efficient energy use. The feasibility study was started by studying the thermoregulation system of respondents in Indonesia through measuring their body and facial skin temperatures under heating and cooling conditions, including their relationship with thermal sensations. The facial skin temperature variable, which is covered by four measurement points, namely forehead, nose, cheeks, and chin, represents the MST variable by the coefficient of determination of 0.54. The thermal sensation detection algorithm based on Artificial Neural Network (ANN) is 35.7% of accuracy. The thermal sensation questionnaire with 7 class categories is unsuitable for Indonesian respondents, and the number of the category classes predicted too much compared to the number of inputs. The detection algorithm has better accuracy with a smaller number of classes, namely 52.2% and 68.70% for the 5 and 3 classes of thermal sensation. Practical application: The air conditioning buildings system is possible to influence a thermal environmental control system to meet the occupants' thermal comfort level requirement in an indoor environment if the system is equipped with a sensor that can detect the occupants' thermal sensations. The thermal camera can be used as a non-contact sensor, detecting the occupant’s thermal sensation by reading the occupant's face skin temperature in an indoor environment.