Indonesian Program Research Articles

Equipping prospective teachers for culturally and religiously sensitive sexuality education: curriculum reviews at Islamic universities in Indonesia

ABSTRACT Sexuality education is essential for equipping children to prevent sexual abuse and fostering understanding of their bodies, relationships, and boundaries. Early childhood education programs in Indonesia were recommended to integrate sexuality education courses tailored to child development and sensitive to religious and cultural contexts. This research employed qualitative methods to investigate the integration of sexuality education courses at eight Islamic universities in Indonesia. Data were collected through interviews with eight course instructors and documentation of their Semester Learning Plans, using content and thematic analysis. Findings revealed that while two universities offered dedicated sexuality education courses, six integrated them into child development and parenting psychology courses. Dedicated sexuality education courses had more comprehensive learning objectives compared to integrated approaches. Teaching methods predominantly included lectures, paper presentations, with some incorporating field studies and project-based learning. Challenges included credit allocation impacting study durations, which hindered the integration of specialized courses like sexuality education. Enhancing pedagogy and ensuring effective delivery of sexuality education were identified as crucial tasks requiring the refinement of curricula in early childhood education. This approach would enable prospective educators to impart knowledge sensitively, taking into account children’s developmental stages and cultural-religious norms.

The Longlasting Program Keluarga Harapan as Conditional Cash Transfer in Indonesia: The Existing Problems and the Policy Recommendations

Program Keluarga Harapan (PKH) is a conditional cash transfer program in Indonesia that requires beneficiaries to meet certain requirements such as school attendance and health checks. Adopted from similar models in Latin America, PKH aims to reduce short-term poverty and invest in the health and education of future generations. Since its launch in 2007, PKH has operated in various regions with different poverty and infrastructure issues. PKH faces several challenges, including mistargeting of beneficiaries and burdensome bureaucracy for the poor. To address this, improvements to the targeting system and simplification of document procedures are recommended. The program has also contributed to reducing stunting through improved nutrition and health education, although health facilities need to be improved. In the education sector, PKH has succeeded in increasing school enrollment and attendance, but has not significantly reduced child labor. In terms of livelihoods, PKH encourages beneficiaries to shift to non-agricultural jobs, although often only casual labor. This study uses descriptive and explanatory designs to describe and explain the evolution of the PKH policy from 2007. Descriptive design is used to describe policy changes that occurred during the period, while explanatory design is used to explain the factors that influence policy changes and their impact on program effectiveness. The results found that there were problems with PKH facilitators including insufficient numbers, high workloads, and low salaries, which affected their effectiveness. To improve the performance of facilitators, new recruitment, regular training, and increased salaries and working conditions are recommended.

Unlocking the mentally ill in Indonesia: An empirical study of the effectiveness of a "Bebas Pasung" program in Central Java.

Locking or confinement of persons with severe mental illness has been common in Indonesia. In 2010, the Ministry of Health declared a policy that persons who were locked (pasung) should be unlocked or freed (bebas) from confinement and provided mental health services. This study is an empirical evaluation of the effectiveness of one Bebas Pasung program in Indonesia at two-year follow-up. From medical records in Soerojo Mental Hospital, Magelang, Central Java, 114 persons with severe mental illness who had been unlocked, treated, and returned to the community from four districts served by the hospital were identified. At two-year follow-up, 62 caregivers were able to be contacted and willing to participate in a study. Data were collected from hospital records about condition of the patient at time of "unlocking" and at discharge, and primary caregivers were interviewed about the previous locking and care of the patient since return, as well as experiences of caregiving. We provide descriptive data concerning history of illness, reasons for locking, type of confinement, and care of the individual since return. 58% of those unlocked were men, 80% had diagnoses of schizophrenia, and mean age was 35. At follow-up, 24% of this sample had been re-locked; only 44% took medications regularly, including 33% of those re-locked and 47% of those not relocked. A majority cared for themselves, half were partially or fully productive, and the quality of life of family caregivers improved significantly since their family member was unlocked, treated, and returned home. This program successfully unlocked, treated, and returned to their homes persons with severe mental illness living in pasung or restraints. Findings suggest such unlocking programs need to be linked more closely to community-based mental health and rehabilitation services, maintain care of the patient, and provide a path toward recovery.

Ethnostatistics of Single Integrated National Database: A Reflection on the National Program of Socioeconomic Registration for Social Protection Programs in Indonesia

Lessons from participative de facto and de jure approaches to socioeconomic registration for integrated policymaking have been underexplored, especially in archipelagic states and middle-income countries. This study aims to analyze participants' perceptions of statistical data and assess how socioeconomic circumstances shape the Regsosek (socioeconomic registration) process in Indonesia. Using a qualitative method, the research incorporates ethnographic techniques and triangulation, with enumeration carried out by locals familiar with the socio-cultural characteristics of the communities. The data were validated through multiple cross-checking stages. The Regsosek initiative seeks to create a unified national database to improve policymaking, a key aspect of Indonesia's socioeconomic development that has received limited attention in terms of participative methods. While prior studies have focused on the technical aspects of socioeconomic data collection, this research highlights the influence of socioeconomic diversity on the process. Novel insights reveal that participants’ perceptions of well-being vary based on socioeconomic backgrounds, geographic conditions, livelihood systems, gender, and exposure to previous development programs. Key challenges identified include community resistance and misconceptions linking data collection to social assistance, as well as the need for system integration and stability to establish a single national database. The study concludes that development and poverty alleviation programs must be mutually agreed upon to avoid disruptions, instability, and political influence, offering a fresh perspective on integrated policymaking in archipelagic and middle-income contexts.

Inovasi Kolaboratif Mahasiswa KKN MB Posko 10 UIN Walisongo dalam Pengembangan Taman Kajera di Kelurahan Jatirejo, Kota Semarang

This study aims to measure the impact of Kajera Park development in Jatirejo Village as part of the KKN MB Posko 10 UIN Walisongo program on community welfare and sustainable development. The research method used interviews and participatory observation by KKN students. The results showed that Kajera Park successfully improved environmental quality and served as a center for inclusive socio-economic activities. The Kajera Thematic Village initiative also developed red ginger-based MSME products that significantly improved the local economy. Despite challenges in terms of funds and manpower, student and community collaboration has proven effective in promoting sustainable development. The Kajera Thematic Village model can be used as a reference for other community development programs in Indonesia.

Good Governance, Internal Control, and Village Financial Management Performance: Examining the Moderating Effect of Tri Hita Karana in Denpasar City

The village fund program in Indonesia is planned to support the development and implementation of the Village Government. The village fund program certainly requires village officials to be able to carry out accountable financial management. Village financial management must be managed properly in accordance with the principles of good governance and implement good internal control. However, in practice, there are still some irregularities that occur in village financial management, one of which has occurred in Denpasar City, Bali Province, Indonesia. These irregularities are generally committed by individuals who do not have good ethics and morals. Therefore, it is necessary to harmonize the concept of village government management with the cultural values of local wisdom that developed in Bali, one of which is the concept of Tri Hita Karana culture. Through a strong positive culture, it can undoubtedly produce good performance and achievement for each individual and organization. This study aims to examine the ability of Tri Hita Karana to moderate the effect of good governance and internal control on village financial management performance in Denpasar City. This study uses a quantitative approach using primary data. Data collection techniques with questionnaires. This research was conducted in all villages in Denpasar City. Sample determination using nonprobability sampling method with purposive sampling technique. The data analysis technique used was Moderated Regression Analysis (MRA). The results showed that good governance and internal control had a positive effect on village financial management performance. Tri Hita Karana culture cannot moderate the effect of good governance and internal control on village financial management performance in Denpasar City. The application of the principles of good governance and internal control can improve the effectiveness and efficiency of village financial management. Although the Tri Hita Karana culture has been developing for a long time in Bali, the community has not been able to fully integrate these cultural values in formal practice activities. So that in the future it still requires improvement and better adjustment.

Implementasi Program Waqaf Tunai dalam Pengentasan Kemiskinan di Indonesia

Cash waqf is a philanthropic concept that aims to collect funds from the community through donations which are then invested in building social, educational, health and economic infrastructure. This research aims to analyze the implementation of the cash waqf program in overcoming poverty in Indonesia. The research method used is literature study and analysis of secondary data related to the implementation of the cash waqf program in Indonesia, as well as its impact on improving community welfare. The research results show that the implementation of the cash waqf program has made a positive contribution in reducing poverty levels in Indonesia. These programs include the establishment of education centers, development of health infrastructure, business capital assistance for underprivileged communities, and local economic empowerment programs. However, there are still challenges in optimizing and managing waqf funds as well as developing sustainable programs to increase their wider impact. In conclusion, the implementation of the cash waqf program has great potential in overcoming poverty in Indonesia, but good coordination is needed between the government, sharia financial institutions and the community to ensure the sustainability and effectiveness of the program. This research provides useful insights for stakeholders in developing strategies and policies that support the growth of cash waqf as an effective instrument in alleviating poverty.

Training on the Use of Appropriate Technology to Increase Agricultural Production in Villages in Indonesia

This Community Service activity aims to improve the knowledge and skills of farmers in Indonesia's villages by using appropriate technology through online training. In this series of activities, villages with adequate internet infrastructure and a low rate of technology adoption are identified. The training was conducted online using the Zoom application and attended by farmers from various regions. The results of the pre-test show that the majority of farmers have limited knowledge about agricultural technology. After participating in the training, the final assessment (post-test) showed a significant improvement in farmers' knowledge and skills, with an average increase in knowledge scores of 60% and skills of 55%. High participation and positive feedback from participants indicate the effectiveness of online training as a method to increase farmers' capacity. However, challenges such as limited access to equipment and cost remain obstacles to implementing appropriate technology in the field. In conclusion, online training has improved farmers' knowledge and skills. Still, additional support is needed to ensure the sustainability of the application of technology in the field. These findings make an important contribution to the development of farmer capacity-building programs in Indonesia, especially in the context of the adoption of modern agricultural technology.

Breaking the Chains of Poverty: Examining the Efficacy of the Family Hope Program in Indonesia and Its Alignment with Policy Theories

Breaking the Chains of Poverty: Examining the Efficacy of the Family Hope Program in Indonesia and Its Alignment with Policy Theories

Use of Communication and Information Media in the Implementation of National Development Programs in Indonesia

The role of communication media in national development is as an agent of renewal or to help introduce social change. The role of information technology in the field of communication is very large, because in the presence of supporting information, effective communication will be created, and with the progress of both fields, development will progress. This study aims to: (1) describe the characteristics of a digital era society that uses communication media, (2) describe the relationship between communication media and national development, and (3) describe the opportunities and challenges that arise in the digital era society, and (4) describe efforts that must be made in the digital era. This research method is descriptive research with a qualitative approach. The researcher was carried out by collecting data in accordance with existing events. Then the data was analyzed by collecting data, reducing data, presenting data and then drawing conclusions or verification. The results of the study showed that national development in Indonesia will be realized well if there is a communication and information media in the form of a social network that is used by the community correctly, ethically and can be accounted for its truth. Development information can reach the wider community through cooperation between the community and the local government, namely by holding counseling in all places where the community is evenly distributed.

Unveiling the Shortcomings of Social Forestry Programs in Indonesia: A Critical Analysis of Farmer Empowerment Initiatives

Unveiling the Shortcomings of Social Forestry Programs in Indonesia: A Critical Analysis of Farmer Empowerment Initiatives

Exploring Middle School Students' Challenges in Mathematical Literacy: A Study on AKM Problem-Solving

Mathematical literacy is the ability to formulate, apply, and interpret everyday problems. The Minimum Competency Assessment (AKM) program in Indonesia is designed to evaluate these essential skills, similar to the PISA framework. Assessing mathematical literacy through the AKM ensures that students meet basic competency standards, helping to improve overall educational quality and better preparing students for global competition. This research reveals the characteristics of students' mathematical literacy when solving AKM problems. The study was conducted at a junior high school in Surakarta, Indonesia. The research stages included giving AKM problems, observing students' problem-solving processes through think-aloud methods, conducting interviews for confirmation, reducing data, coding data, analyzing data, and drawing conclusions. The data used included students' answers, observation sheets, and interview transcripts. When formulating problems, students often struggle to accurately understand the issues at hand. This leads to incomplete data during the problem-solving process, resulting in calculation errors or mistakes in applying formulas. These errors create a domino effect, leading to incorrect answers. Students' difficulties in formulating mathematical problems can potentially cause calculation errors and improper use of formulas, ultimately leading to incorrect solutions. This negatively impacts their conceptual understanding, learning motivation, and readiness to face educational challenges or enter the workforce. To address these difficulties, teachers can enhance students' conceptual understanding, promote critical thinking, implement problem-based learning, use visual aids, provide targeted support, and focus on developing mathematical literacy from an early age.

Integration of Local Wisdom in the Implementation of the Merdeka Belajar Kampus Merdeka (MBKM) Policy in The Biology Education Study Programs in Indonesia: Analysis and Evaluation

This study analyzes the implementation of the “Merdeka Belajar Kampus Merdeka (MBKM)” program in the Biology Education Study Program (BESP) on various campuses in Indonesia with a special focus on the integration of local wisdom. Data was collected from respondents in 44 study programs covering aspects such as campus status, accreditation, course repositioning, implementation of MBKM activities, and suggestions and recommendations for program improvement. The results of the analysis show that the majority of study programs at state campuses (75%) have repositioned the curriculum and implemented various forms of MBKM activities such as student exchanges (70.45%), internships/work practices (68.18%), and teaching assistance. The integration of local wisdom is emerging as an important aspect, with many study programs using local wisdom in academic activities and business product development, such as using traditional medicinal plants for health products. Key suggestions from respondents included the need for standardization of guidelines, financial assistance for students, periodic evaluations, and adjusting the curriculum to the needs of the times. Most study programs have ensured that MBKM activities follow the formulated Program Learning Outcomes (PLO), with 63.64% of study programs stating that they always ensure this suitability. However, there are still challenges in the process of recognizing MBKM activities into courses and integrating these activities into a thesis or final project, with 77.27% of study programs not carrying out this integration. The study concludes that although MBKM has been doing well, there is still room for improvement. There needs to be further efforts in terms of integrating local wisdom, financial support, and strengthening collaboration between educational institutions and local communities. Clear and standardized implementation of guidelines, as well as continuous evaluation, are essential to improve the effectiveness and benefits of the MBKM program.

Used Cooking Oil Methyl Esther (UCOME) Production on a Pilot Scale in Bali Island, Indonesia, and Its Utilization as a Component Blending for Bio-Marine Fuel Oil

Abstract Indonesia aims to achieve a New & Renewable Energy mix of 23% by 2025, so it is necessary to have policies related to the use of complementary feedstocks in the biofuel development program in Indonesia. Used Cooking Oil (UCO) is a domestic waste with the potential to be utilized as a complementary feedstock due to its abundant availability and almost zero carbon emission. However, to assess the sustainability of UCO utilization, especially as a component blending for Bio-Marine Fuel Oil, it is necessary to identify UCO characteristics and quality of its product, called as UCOME, also the production cost impact. The 10,000 liters of UCO used as feed in the pilot-scale UCOME production came from the household sector and HoReCa (Hotels, Restaurants, and Cafes). It was found that UCO had water content and %FFA ranging from 1421.03 - 1666.74 ppm and 1.7 - 15.9%. Furthermore, the UCOME produced has characteristics that comply with the standard of Marine Fuel Oil (MFO) ISO 8217 and SNI 7182 and has a price in the range of Rp.17,000 - 18,000. The results revealed that the UCO has the potential to be a feedstock for producing UCOME as a blending component for Bio-Marine Fuel Oil.

Social media influence on the promotion of sustainable fisheries management: Insight from Indonesian blue swimming crab

Abstract Blue swimming crab is one of potential fisheries commodities in Indonesia that has been mainly exported to America. Crab industry contributed to national economy due to high export volume and value. The use of social media has surged due to digitalization, becoming a crucial marketing strategy for maximizing business profits. The role of social media in non-profit organizations for fisheries sustainability campaigns remains unexplored. Therefore, this study aimed to analyze to the role of social media in promoting sustainable blue swimming crab fisheries programs in Indonesia. Data was collected for 14 days from 31 social media users on various platforms, such as Instagram, Facebook, LinkedIn, and YouTube. SmartPLS 3.2.9 was applied to analyze the effect of recall, recognition, alternative, and recalling on blue swimming crabs fishery programs on interaction and effectiveness consumer brand engagement (CBE). Results showed that the most recognized fisheries sustainability programs for blue swimming crabs were crab apartment and GTK-5 Minutes. Meanwhile, the crab enlargement program and APRI Youth Innovation were known through moment-open recruitment. Knowing and following APRI’s social media has significant effect on CBE’s interaction and effectiveness. Social media could also be used as a marketing strategy to promote sustainable fisheries management programs The research reveals the significance of social media in fostering consumer engagement and promoting sustainable practices in fisheries management programs by non-profit organization through effective marketing strategies.

Maternal Anxiety with Infant Pain During Immunization

Maternal and child health is still the target of health development programs in Indonesia. Immunization is important to prevent children from getting sick or even dying from certain diseases. The procedure for giving immunizations, most of which are by injection, is one of the reasons parents delay or even don't bring their children to be immunized because they can't bear to see their children cry. This study aimed to see the relationship between maternal anxiety and the pain felt by infant during immunization. This research method was a descriptive study with cross-sectional design and consecutive sampling technique. The study was conducted at the Pakuan Baru Health Center Jambi on 115 respondents consisting of mothers and infant (0-12 months) who received injection-type immunization. Maternal anxiety was measured using the DASS-21 questionnaire and the infant's pain was observed with the FLACC behavioral tool. The results of Spearman's rho analysis obtained a p-value of 0,0001 (p-value<0,05), which means that there is a significant relationship between maternal anxiety and the pain felt by infant during immunization with a strong correlation (r=0,625). We hope that the results of this study become a concern for health workers, to reduce maternal anxiety to decreases infant's pain and in the end can increase immunization coverage which has an impact on improving children's health status.

Deradicalization Programs in Indonesia: Perspectives of Former Terrorist Convicts

Deradicalization Programs in Indonesia: Perspectives of Former Terrorist Convicts

Comparative Effectiveness of Single Versus Combination Antihypertensive Therapy in PROLANIS Hypertension Patients: A Retrospective Study in Purbalingga Regency

The PROLANIS program in Indonesia aims to manage chronic diseases like hypertension. While combination antihypertensive therapy is recommended for many patients, evidence on its effectiveness in the PROLANIS setting remains limited. This study investigated the comparative effectiveness of single versus combination antihypertensive therapy in achieving blood pressure control among PROLANIS hypertension patients in Purbalingga Regency. A retrospective cohort study was conducted using data from PROLANIS hypertension patients in Purbalingga Regency from January-December 2023. Patients were categorized into two groups: those receiving single antihypertensive therapy and those receiving combination therapy. The primary outcome was the proportion of patients achieving blood pressure control (<140/90 mmHg). Secondary outcomes included changes in blood pressure, medication adherence, and adverse events. Multivariable logistic regression was used to adjust for potential confounders. A total of 1,250 patients were included, with 680 receiving single therapy and 570 receiving combination therapy. The proportion of patients achieving blood pressure control was significantly higher in the combination therapy group (65%) compared to the single therapy group (52%) (adjusted odds ratio [OR] 1.72, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.35-2.20). Combination therapy was also associated with greater reductions in systolic and diastolic blood pressure. No significant differences were observed in medication adherence or adverse events between the two groups. Combination antihypertensive therapy is more effective than single therapy in achieving blood pressure control among PROLANIS hypertension patients in Purbalingga Regency. These findings support the use of combination therapy as the preferred approach for managing hypertension in this population.

Teaching and Learning International Survey (TALIS) 2018: A Descriptive Analysis of Teacher Professional Development (TPD) in Indonesia

The Teacher Professional Development (TPD) program is a crucial strategy for enhancing teachers' knowledge and skills. The program includes activities that go beyond introducing instructional methods in the classroom and focus on improving teachers' abilities to communicate and collaborate with their peers, community of teachers, leaders, and school partners. There is a scarcity of research presenting TPD data from teacher representatives throughout Indonesia, particularly those using the 2018 TALIS questionnaire developed by the OECD. This mixed-method study collected TPD data from a survey of 410 elementary school teachers in Indonesia and interview data through the FGD method from 53 respondents, including teachers, principals, parent committees, and education offices from several cities in Indonesia. The study's results indicate that TPD programs in Indonesia require improvement and equal implementation both teachers in urban and suburban/rural area. The programs primarily focus on enhancing knowledge, instructional and institutional skills, including organic relationships with peers and school partners. Descriptive data analysis reveals that TPD programs should encourage cooperation and collaboration among teachers at local, national, and international levels. Recommendations for future research should analyze the effect of the TPD program integrated with the Merdeka Curriculum on teachers' committees. This will provide valuable insights into the effectiveness of the program.

Transparency of Regional Budget and Expenditure (APBD) through the Optimization of E-Budgeting Implementation

The implementation of budgetary reform in local government budgeting is often viewed as lacking a structured system. This is marked by low transparency and accountability in the management of local budgets. Financial management systems that contradict the principles of good governance necessitate transparency and accountability in all areas of government. The advent of e-budgeting is evidence of the utilization of e-government programs in Indonesia. E-budgeting is expected to be a solution for enhancing transparency and accountability in local budget management. With e-budgeting, the public can more easily access information about budget allocations and their usage. Public participation is also anticipated to increase, allowing for more effective oversight of local government budgets. This transparency not only supports the improvement of financial management at the local level but also contributes to the enhancement of public service quality. Therefore, the implementation of e-budgeting is expected to strengthen good governance and increase public trust in local governments. Active public participation and high transparency are key to realizing a more efficient and accountable local budget management system.