Indonesian Independence Research Articles

Batik Motif Development for Decorative Elements on Metal Ceiling

Batik is a traditional art developed in Java. Batik has a variety of motifs and it is exquisite. One of the valuable sources on batik is classical batik, which developed in several places in Java before Indonesian independence. Besides being picturesque, it also has values guided by the teachings of Javanese culture which are contained in its motifs. Then batik motifs are used in this study as the basis for development in the manufacture of contemporary decorative designs. In this study, the development of batik motifs was redesigned from classic batik motifs which were then applied to metal plates used for ceilings. The goal is to produce room decoration with a new look that is more elegant following the present era which originates from the roots of Indonesian culture. The methods used in this study are emic-ethical research, experimentation, contemplation, and formation. Besides design development motifs, this research also produces space designs that use decorative elements of batik motifs applied to ceilings using metal materials.

Peningkatan Peningkatan Kemampuan Reading pada Siswa SMAN 3 Atambua melalui Recount Text

Learning English in class X Alam-1 SMA Negeri 3 Atambua specifically on the subject of reading, less attractive to students. As many as 20 students in the class generally did not dare to read the text, mispronounced words, were not fluent in reading and had low ability in translating texts. Responding to this problem, learning improvements are carried out through Recound text. The method used is Classroom Action Research through 2 cycles. In cycle 1, students are given reading texts related to Natural Sciences and each student takes turns reading the text for each paragraph. In cycle 2, students are given reading texts in the form of the History of the Proclamation of Indonesian Independence. The students were given the opportunity to sit in groups and then given the choice to read the text in front of the class or in their seats to create a fun learning atmosphere. Instruments for collecting research data using an assessment format that contains indicators and scores. The results showed that in cycle 1, the learning atmosphere was stiff and many students did not dare to read the text, misrepresented the words and did not translate the contents of the reading properly. Of the 20 students, 6% of students were categorized as very good, 9% good, 17% sufficient, 54% less, 9% low and 5% very low. In cycle 2, the results obtained were: 29% categorized very well, 29% good, 20% sufficient. For less, low and very low categories, there was a decrease in the number of students. Qualitatively, in cycle 2 the students did not feel awkward, afraid, or embarrassed. It was concluded that learning using recount text can improve the classroom atmosphere and improve student learning outcomes.

Ahlussunnah Wal Jama'ah (ASWAJA) as a Basic Value Base for the Movement and Thought of the Indonesian Islamic Student Movement (PMII)

The Islamic Students Movement of Indonesia is an organization aimed at the formation of Indonesian Muslims who are afraid of Allah SWT, righteous, knowledgeable, competent, and responsible in practicing their knowledge and commitment to the realization of the ideals of Indonesia's independence. The purpose of this research is to know and analyze the values contained in the Ahlussunnah Wal Jama’ah (ASWAJA), which is made PMII, as the basis of the value of thought and the theological foundation. The method used in this research is the qualitative descriptive approach, which is a way to find new meanings, explain a condition of existence, determine the frequency of occurrence of something, and categorize information. In this study, there are four principles of values that can be transformed into the direction of the PMII movement, which is a framework of thinking to be able to formulate concrete solutions to the problems that exist in the current reality. There are four kinds of worshippers in the Qur’an: al-Tawassuth, Al-Tawazun, al-Asamuh, and al-I’tidal.

DIGITAL MEDIA IMPLEMENTATION IN 21st CENTURY IPS LEARNING AT SD NEGERI 2 TANJUNG KUKUH OGAN KOMERING ULU TIMUR

Digital-based learning media is a medium used to create audio-visual media. Digital media is very suitable for use in social studies learning in the 21st century. In the 21st century students are expected to be able to master 21st century skills with the 4C concept of communication, collaboration, critical thinking and problem solving, creative and innovative. The objectives of this study are 1) Knowing the steps for implementing digital media in 21st century social studies learning, 2) implementing digital media in 21st century social studies learning, and 3) evaluating the implementation of digital media using SWOT analysis in 21st century social studies learning. The research method used is qualitative by using the results of data analysis in the form of qualitative descriptive. Data collection techniques using observation, interviews, questionnaires, and documentation. The results of the research can be seen in the SWOT analysis which shows that the advantages of implementing digital media in social studies learning really need to be applied in the 21st century. Weaknesses in this study can be seen when observing students' attitudes in social studies learning on local history material regarding the role of local figures in fighting for Indonesian independence. Most of the students are still a lot preoccupied with themselves so that the center of attention is not fully paying attention to the future. In addition, it is a challenge for students to be able to express opinions and be more active. Opportunities in this study indicate that digital media is effectively used in the 21st century as a learning medium. Keywords: Digital Media, IPS, 21st Century.

Kebebasan Politik Menurut Hannah Arendt dan Relevansinya Bagi Masyarakat Indonesia

The study focuses on freedom and politics, which are often contrasted, as if politics and freedom are contradictory. There is an assumption that there is no freedom in politics or that people are free to do anything with politics. This assumption has developed so that the two can never be united. In the political situation, a political theorist named Hannah Arendt felt an anxiety. The purpose of writing this scientific paper is to explore the idea of political freedom according to Hannah Arendt and find its relationship in Indonesian society. The method used in this writing is the literature method with a literature approach. The research results of this study discuss work that is not related to daily activities (labor) but work (work) for a common goal. Meanwhile, in relation to Indonesian politics, work ethic is an attitude that leads to the best results, high competitiveness, optimism and looking for productive and innovative ways to sustain an independent Indonesia. Regarding freedom, Arendt takes the Athenian polis as a model of communicative and open speech space which is the same as politics

Izin Usaha Pertambangan diatas Tanah Masyarakat Adat Paser dalam Sudut Pandang Penalaran Hukum

Indonesia as a country has various styles of natural and cultural resources, one of which is the customary law community whose existence existed even before Indonesia's independence. The existence of customary law communities to obtain legal recognition is based on article 18 paragraph (2) of the 1945 Constitution of the Republic of Indonesia and article 6 paragraph (2) of Law Number 39 of 1999 concerning Human Rights. Moreover, regarding customary land, it has been embodied in Article 3 of the UUPA which legally recognizes the existence of customary law which is the breath of this basic law. Nonetheless, customary land as land controlled by indigenous peoples is still a legal problem that often occurs, especially in the case of communal land disputes with mining business permits, one of which is the case of the Paser indigenous people. There is still a discrepancy between da sein and da solen where through the perspective of legal reasoning, law is not only limited to literal meanings and logical propositions by ignoring the context and purpose of law, but law should be present to protect society.

History of Islamic Civilization in Post-Independence Indonesia

Background. Islam is a religion that prioritizes the principles of truth and justice for all its adherents. Factors that encourage Muslims to achieve independence are ideological, political, economic, social and cultural factors. Islam has an important role in the development of education in Indonesia. There are three sectors of Islamic education in Indonesia, namely formal, informal and non-formal. Purpose. The purpose of this research is to find out 1.) The history of the development of Islam in Indonesia after independence. 2.) The impact of the development of Islam in Indonesia. 3.) The process of development of Islamic civilization. So from the description above, the author will explain how the development of Islam in Indonesia after independence, what caused the emergence of the Islamic renewal movement, especially in Indonesia. Method. This research uses the type of literature study (library research). The data collection technique carried out in this study uses a study of bibliographic sources from books and articles in scientific journals related to the subject matter, reading data with the thoughts of experts with a constructive approach and interpretation of the contents of the main discussion related to the development of Islam after independence. Results. After Indonesia's independence in 1945, Islamic civilization in the country continued to develop and made significant contributions in various aspects of life. Conclusion. After independence, Islamic education was one of the key points in the development of Islamic civilization in Indonesia. The thinking and writing of Indonesian Islamic intellectuals also developed with many studies, writings and translations of classical and modern Islamic works. The Salafi movement that insists on returning to the teachings of Islam is considered to be fully associated with the salafushalih (early generations of Islam), and emerged and developed after independence.

SOLDIER CODE LANGUAGE IN THE MEMORY OF THE HISTORY OF VETERANS OF SEROJA BANYUWANGI 1765-1976 AND THE IMPLICATIONS FOR HISTORY SUBJECTS AND INDONESIAN

This study aims to determine 1). History of the Republic of Indonesia's state ciphers; 2) know the code language used by Seroja Veterans in the history of defending Indonesia's independence; and 3). know the implications of coded language on History Education subjects and Indonesian Language Education subjects. This study used a qualitative approach with case study research methods and sociolinguistic theoretical methods. Data collection was carried out using physical observation techniques, interviews, and documentation. The result of the research is that the History of Encoding of the Republic of Indonesia cannot be separated from the role of dr. Roebiono Kertopati is the Father of Indonesian National Encryption. The code language used by Veterans has the following characteristics: short and concise, clear, firm, easy to understand for the recipient of the information, and the words used are simple. Veterans only receive codes according to the leadership's instructions. In general, the types of codes are animal codes, types of food, types of animals and others that are not permanent in nature. the implications of coded language for History Education subjects can be used as a source of learning history, historical awareness and historical research. For Indonesian language education subjects, it can be used to add a variety of vocabulary.

PENGEMBANGAN MEDIA PEMBELAJARAN P3 (PAPAN PUTAR PINTAR) PADA MATERI PROKLAMASI KEMERDEKAAN DI INDONESIA UNTUK PEMBELAJARAN IPS KELAS IV SDN UNGGULAN KARANGGENENG

Development of P3 Media (Smart Playboard) on the Material of the Proclamation of Independence in Indonesia for Class 4 Social Studies Learning at SDN Unggulan Karanggeneng. Thesis, Elementary School Teacher Education Program. Faculty of Teacher Training and Education. Muhammadiyah Gresik University (supervised by Mr. Arya Setya Nugroho and Mr. Nanang Khoirul Umam, M.Pd). This study aims to describe the process of development and quality of P3 media on the material for the Proclamation of Independence for fourth grade elementary school students. In 2021/2022. The research model used in this development research is the ADDIE model. The subjects in this study were fourth grade students at SDN Unggulan Karanggeneng, totaling 18 students. The learning model used during implementation uses the first 3 models TGT, IBL, Discussion. The data collection technique for this research is to use validation sheets and student questionnaires. Analysis of the data obtained from the validation sheet of media experts, the graphic aspect obtained a percentage of 90% and the linguistic aspect obtained a percentage of 83.3%. while the presentation aspect material expert validation obtained a percentage of 91.6% and the content feasibility aspect obtained a percentage of 91.6% and the criteria were very good.

“The Netherlands in Indonesia, 1945-49”: An Analysis of Argument Narrative Structure in Indonesian History Textbook

History textbooks influence students' interpretations through the structure of arguments and the meanings they contain. This article attempts to answer the question, what is the narrative structure of argument and meaning in the textbook? This article explores narrative arguments using Toulmin's model framework and the use of lexicogrammatical features to detect diction and word choice to identify the contrasting language in textbooks. We explore the Indonesian history textbook in senior high school class XI (eleven). The material analysed is the confrontation between the Netherlands and Indonesia from 1945-49. The study found that the textbook narrative argument identifies the claim that the early conditions of Indonesian independence were fraught with obstacles. The textbook claims that the arrival of the Allies and the Netherlands caused resistance, so the Indonesian struggle occurred in two ways: war and diplomacy. Indonesian history textbooks have become a tool of persuasion to benefit students' national identity formation. Using lexicogrammatical features also reinforces the claim that the Netherlands is on the "bad" side and Indonesia is on the "good" side. Thus, the narrative argument validates the official state-sanctioned history of the Netherlands as a colonialist state and exhibits antagonistic behaviour toward the Indonesian people's decision for independence.

Raden Saleh dan Restorasi Makam Tahun 1953: Penghormatan Pelukis Bumiputera dan Penguatan Identitas Nasional pada Masa Kekuasaan Soekarno

Raden Saleh, the first painter in Java to adopt modern techniques and gain recognition in the Western world during the Dutch colonial era, holds an important place in Indonesian art history. This article examines the life and contributions of Raden Saleh. It explores the restoration of his tomb by President Soekarno as a means to strengthen Indonesia's national identity in the post-independence period. The research utilizes historical methods, including heuristics, source criticism, interpretation, and historiography. The study reveals that the restoration of Raden Saleh's tomb in 1953, under President Soekarno's leadership, aimed to pay homage to Raden Saleh as a prominent figure in Indonesian history and reinforce the Indonesian identity by recognizing the globally renowned indigenous elite. Although Raden Saleh passed away long before Indonesia's independence, and the concept of Indonesia as a nation emerged much later, the government, particularly under President Soekarno and Minister of Education and Culture Mohammad Yamin, believed that the restoration was necessary due to the unsatisfactory condition of the tomb. Additionally, the presence of paintings reflecting indigenous perspectives and occasionally criticizing colonialism influenced the decision to restore the tomb. This research sheds light on the significance of Raden Saleh's legacy in shaping Indonesian art and the efforts to preserve cultural heritage in the nation. Keywords: Culture, Raden Saleh, Restoration, Soekarno

The Dynamics of The National Movement to Indonesian Independence in The 20TH Century

The 20th century was given the nickname as the century of nationalism for Indonesia with national political awareness. Ethical political policies provide opportunities for Indonesian youth to fight for independence. Education was imposed by the Dutch as a significant factor for the development of the Indonesian nation because education could influence and experience the development of thought as the foundation for the birth of the idea of ??nationalism among Indonesian youth. The purpose of this study is to explain the description of the national movement at the beginning of the 20th century and explain the end of the struggle of the national movement at the beginning of the 20th century. The research method of this study is a historical research method with library research and tracing information sources for this study through the internet. The flow or procedural of the historical research method, which includes four stages, namely heuristics, in the form of collecting materials/sources; source criticism in the form of internal-external criticism; interpretation in the form of classifying data and looking for causal law; and explanation in the form of historiography. The results of the research in this study are first, the national movement in Indonesia is a movement of change to elevate the dignity of the Indonesian nation to become a strong and independent country without any intervention from other nations. The establishment of organizations or associations based on anti-imperialist politics and the struggle for independence from the colonialists. The breakthrough of the spirit of nationalism but became the main ideology to get Indonesia's independence. Second, the end of western imperialism against Asian nations, especially parts of Southeast Asia including Indonesia, was defeated by Japan in the mid-20th century, after the Dutch colonialists handed over their power to Japan unconditionally. However, after Japan suffered defeat in World War II, Indonesia's position was the status quo, so the declaration of independence took place without any interference, coercion and pressure from other nations on August 17, 1945.

Implementasi Prinsip Konvensi Internasional dalam Mengurai Pelanggaran HAM di Indonesia

The purpose of this research is to find out the form of implementation of the principles and obstacles to the enforcement of human rights violations in Indonesia and their relationship to the content of international conventions. The approach used in this study is a normative legal approach. This research is related to the legal study of library materials. The results of research conducted regarding the implementation of human rights principles are in line with international legal agreements in the Indonesian legal system in general, but the constraints or obstacles are still not very effective in overcoming discrimination violations based on the principle of equality, with international agreements on human rights. It is different in Indonesia, its implementation has been regulated in the initiative of national laws and regulations related to human rights contained in the 1945 Constitution. This means that it has been in effect since the time of Indonesia's independence.

The Development of Narcotics Legislation in Indonesia and Singapore

Since the Dutch colonial era, Indonesia has had drug-related regulations. Drug use was controlled with special licenses for people of Chinese descent who contributed financially through the opium trade. After Indonesia's independence, regulations on the production, use, and distribution of dangerous drugs were issued. In the 1970s, drug abuse increased, and the government responded with laws regulating illicit drug trafficking and imposing severe criminal sanctions, including the death penalty. During the Reformasi era, the crackdown on drugs became more assertive. BNN was established in 2002, and regulations continue to be revised to tackle the complex drug problem. Law No. 35/2009 became the legal foundation that imposed the death penalty to curb the spread of drugs in Indonesia. Singapore has faced a growing drug problem since the early 19th century. To control drugs, Singapore implemented various regulations, such as the New Dangerous Drugs Ordinance and Regulations in 1951 and the Misuse of Drugs Acts (MDA) in 1973. Severe penalties are imposed on drug dealers and users. Public education and criminalization are used to prevent drug abuse. Singapore applies harsh measures, including the death penalty for drug traffickers. The Misuse of Drugs Act sets drug quantity thresholds for trafficking and possession, with varying penalties, including fines, imprisonment, and even the death penalty. The Act authorizes officers to conduct searches and urine tests on suspected drug offenders. Singaporeans support tough drug laws as drug use is considered a moral and social evil.

Through Time Of Angklung Kota Bandung

The objects of cultural development in Bandung city which is very developed is the art of Angklung. Angklung is one of the typical arts of West Java that has been around for a long time. The existence of Angklung in Bandung city has existed since 1930 before Indonesia's independence. Pioneered by Daeng Soetigna, angklung developed in Bandung from the pentatonic scale to the diatonic scale. The aim of this research is to describe the existence of Angklung in Bandung City as an ecosystem in Bandung City. The method used is descriptive qualitative by exploring the role of all members of the community from craftsmen to academics in maintaining the existence of Angklung in Bandung City. The results show that all categories of community who are involved and related to the art of angklung carry out preservation based on their respective roles, either groups of traditional, modern or contemporary Angklung players. The conclusion of this research is that every member of the community who is related to the art of Angklung, including the Angklung community, Angklung craftsmen, Angklung artists, academics, trainers and Angklung teachers have a major role in maintaining the existence of Angklung from time to time in Bandung city as a cultural heritage and cultural destination.

VEILING AND POLITIC IN INDONESIA: PROPAGATING JILBAB IN THE NEW ORDER ERA

The popularity of Muslim women's clothing in Indonesia for public places takes a very long time and contentious debate. The part of Muslim women's clothing that is often debated is the head covering or veiling. The debate whether the wearing of head coverings for Muslim women is an Islamic obligation or a tradition of the Arab nation in the early twentieth century has shown that Muslim society was seeking an Indonesian Muslim identity. The debate continued in the second phase after Indonesia's independence. Therefore, this article intends to see how the development of the debate occurred and what issues arose and how the Muslim community in general responded. The method used in this paper is the method of content and argument analysis through literature search. Based on this study, it can be concluded that the debate over the use of head coverings in the second period has turned into an issue of Islamic politics where the head covering is used as a symbol of Islamic political struggle which was also influenced by the development of Islamic politics in other Islamic countries.

Development of Visual Novel Games as Learning Media for the History of Indonesia's Independence

Purpose of the study: This study aims to develop an Android-based visual novel game using material from the history of Indonesian independence and to determine the level of feasibility by going through a feasibility test on the Visual Novel Game application of the History of Indonesian Independence.
 Methodology: This research is research and development type. Research and development is research with the aim of conducting research and innovating in making a product. System development in this study uses the Evolutionary Prototype method. With this method, the prototype can be continuously developed until the prototype fulfills the functions and procedures required by the system.
 Main Findings: The results showed that the use of renpy as an engine facilitated the process of making the Visual Novel Independence Game application. Then, the independence game application is good and can be said to be appropriate as a learning medium. From the feasibility test summary, the feasibility percentage of the Visual Novel Merdeka game has an average of 76.6%. This percentage is categorized as having good eligibility. In terms of the material for the independence game application, it is also in accordance with the needs of teaching materials for grade 11 high school or vocational school.
 Novelty/Originality of this study: This application is light, easy to understand and has a small size so that it will make it easier to use.

The Philosophical Thought of the Prophetic Law in the Indonesian Legal System

In Indonesia, the positivistic modern ideology is currently experiencing a downfall due to its inability to overcome the problems of human life. This study aims to complete the explanation of why prophetic law is needed in the Indonesian legal system in the juridical domain and the implementation domain. This was qualitative research which used a philosophical juridical approach. This paper used a descriptive method of analysis. In Indonesia, the prophetic law refers to the ideology of Pancasila, which is interpreted as the nation’s way of life. It reveals the relationship between humans and God, the relationship among humans, and the relationship between humans and the universe. The basis for the thought and implementation of prophetic law in Indonesia is the first principle of Pancasila and the Preamble to the 1945 Constitution, which stated that the proclamation of Indonesian independence was a blessing from Allah (God) Almighty. In addition, based on Law No. 48 of 2009 concerning Judicial Power, it is stated that the judiciary is carried out “for the sake of justice based on the Belief in One God,” which is the soul of decisions made by judicial bodies in Indonesia.

ACEH EAST COAST COMMUNITY ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT (HISTORICAL STUDY AND EXISTENCE OF KUALA LANGSA PORT AND ITS CONTRIBUTION TO THE GOVERNMENT OF 1900-2018)

The Port of Kuala Langsa in 1920 had a great opportunity for economic development during the Social Pacificization period, in addition to the interests of the Netherlands and the people of the east coast. trade routes: Asia and Europe. This port is supported by land transportation. Atjeh Tram Langsa supplies goods from the north coast straight to the port of Kuala. Atjeh Tram Tamiang took part in supplying rubber and palm oil commodities to the port of Kuala during the Dutch era for export-import trade abroad. Between 1916 and 1930, the export of traditional crops such as betel nut, 942,591 tons of pepper, and 8,300 tons of rice were to Penang. Modern (1925–1935) rubber plants (183,550 tons) and palm (9,819,047 tons) were exported to Europe. During the Japanese occupation (1942–1945), Kuala Port's exports and imports decreased drastically. After Indonesia's independence, in 1987, the port of Kuala resumed operations in the non-oil and gas sector, with exports of Ply wood of 4,216,402 tons and grumb rubber of 1,839,600 tons from PT. Gruti Bayeun Aceh Timur. Charcoal wood exports 5,534,000 tons to Hong Kong, Japan, Singapore, and Taiwan from Bayeun, Sei Pauh, and Sei Yu. Import types of goods: Phenol (7159 tons) and methanol (7159 tons). Between 1987 and 2002, at the port of Kuala, other goods were imported: cars, motorcycles, and drugs. In 2003–2007, they were again imported from Singapore and Malaysia: 9,206 tons of methanol, 6,384 tons of minerals, and 9,396 tons of basic necessities. In 2008–2018, Kuala Port still existed as a trade center in the economic sector of the Langsa City government with Asia based on the interests and economic growth of the community. The aims of this study were (1) to examine the pioneering of Kuala Langsa port as a maritime port on the east coast of Aceh; (2) the educational passification policy and Kuala Langsa port; (3) to find out the study of Kuala Langsa port facilities and infrastructure and its development in the east coast area; (4) to examine the role of the Kuala Langsa port in the export-import trade sector; and (5) to examine the impact of the Kuala Langsa port as the center of the government's economic area based on the people's economic interests. This study uses a critical historical method, the substance of which excludes inauthentic material and concludes that testimony that can be trusted from original material The critical historical method consists of four steps in the research process: collecting sources (heuristics); primary, secondary, and tertiary; criticizing sources, both internal and external; interpreting facts obtained from these sources; historiography; reconstructing existing facts and interpreting them in the form of historical writings; and critically synthesizing facts. The results of research on the Kuala Langsa port since the days of the Dutch, Japanese, and Indonesian governments were made as an international and transit port until it received international status in 2019. The conclusion is that the Kuala Langsa port has succeeded in contributing to the community and the government in the export sector of community and private government-owned plantation products.

Modal Kerja CV. Percetakan Sofasco

The purpose of this study is to determine the working capital on the CV. Sofasco Printing. The method used is descriptive such as literature studies, interviews and document analysis. Running a business requires working capital for its daily operations. Of course, every job in the business requires sufficient and good working capital. The company does not experience difficulties facing economic crises or financial problems, thus enabling the company to operate properly and optimally and achieve company goals. CV income. Sofasco printing per month can be seen from January to August, while for seasonal increases there are from June to August where there are many purchases such as Indonesian Independence Day, invitation cards and so on. Industrial visits that experience an increase in working capital can provide varying results depending on the industrial sector and the strategies implemented. The following are some of the possible outcomes as a result of increasing working capital in industrial visits: Increased Production, Improved Production Quality, Improved Operational Efficiency, Improved Marketing and Sales, Increased Profits and Growth of the company.