Indonesian Child Research Articles

IMPLEMENTASI PRINSIP KONSEP RESTORATIVE JUSTICE PADA PELAKSANAAN DIVERSI (STUDI KASUS DI D. I. YOGYAKARTA)

The concept of restorative justice is the basis for implementing diversion in Law Number 11 of 2012 concerning the Juvenile Criminal Justice System. Diversion is presented to prevent children in conflict with the law from the bad excesses of the criminal justice system and return the condition of children, victims and communities to the state they were in before the crime occurred. However, based on data from the Indonesian Child Protection Commission (KPAI), criminal acts committed by children continue to increase every year. This research aims to see whether the concept of restorative justice is achieved or not in the implementation of diversion. The problem studied is whether the implementation of diversion is by the principles of restorative justice seen from the cases studied. If it is not by the principles of restorative justice, are there other alternatives so that the principles of restorative justice are fulfilled? The research used an empirical approach by examining 7 cases of child diversion spread across the Yogyakarta City Police and Sleman Police. Cases were analyzed using 3 principles and 4 values of restorative justice coined by Van Ness and Strong. The results of this research concluded that 5 out of 7 cases did not meet the criteria for the restorative justice concept, the rest did. Other methods are needed that can facilitate the implementation of the principles of restorative justice, namely the approach of the perpetrator's family to the victim's family before implementing diversion, the influence of the victim's parents in the diversion process, and mutually agreed compensation.

Persepsi Masyarakat Islam Kejawen di Kabupaten Cilacap terhadap Implementasi Pasal 7 Ayat 1 Undang-Undang Nomor 16 Tahun 2019 tentang Perubahan Usia Perkawinan

This article discusses the perceptions of the Javanese Islamic community regarding the implementation of Article 7 Paragraph 1 of Law Number 16 of 2019 concerning changes in the age of marriage. This research originated from a judicial review filed by the Indonesian Child Protection Commission (KPAI), the Constitutional Court. The decision decided that Article 7 paragraph (1) is as long as the phrase "16 years". The Marriage Law is considered to be contrary to the 1945 Constitution (UUD) of the Republic of Indonesia (NKRI) and does not have binding legal force. Finally, the Constitutional Court finally granted a judicial review of Article 7 paragraph 1, this was because Article 7 Paragraph 1 was discriminatory and not in accordance with Article 27 Paragraph (1) of the 1945 Republic of Indonesia Constitution concerning equal rights before the law and the Child Protection Law which stated that boys -Men and girls have the same rights. The aim of this research is to determine the implementation of Article 7 Paragraph 1 of the 1974 Marriage Law in the Indigenous Anak Putu (ATAP) community in Cilacap Regency. The results of this research indicate that the implementation of Article 7 Paragraph 1 of Law Number 16 of 2019 concerning Marriage in the Kejawen Islamic Community in Cilacap Regency has been carried out as it should. Evidenced by the existence of a long process before the occurrence of the marriage contract. Apart from the procession, there are traditional rules that must not be abandoned, the Anak Putu Traditional Community also upholds the laws and norms that apply in Indonesia. So that in carrying out customary rules it is not intended to violate or get rid of state regulations. However, this is where the customary rules of the Anak Putu Tradition are carried out in tandem with state law. Keywords: Community Perception, Kejawen Islam, Changes in Age of Marriage

Pandangan Remaja Dari Segi Agama Islam Dan Kesehatan Mengenai Pornografi Anak

In the increasingly widespread internet access in this era of technological development, pornography sites can be easily reached. In this article, we will focus on the study of child pornography. Child pornography is an activity carried out by individuals and groups carried out by watching, sending some letters, taking pictures or videos, storing, spreading vulgar content, and other activities that focus on children. Child pornography can have a very bad impact on the person who carries out its activities as well as for the child who is a victim of the pronography itself. This article will explain the views of Islam and the World of Health about the possible effects of activities related to child pornography. The method we used in making this article uses quantitative methods by distributing questionnaires among teenagers. As for the creation of this article, it is hoped that the Indonesian Child Protection Commission will pay more attention to children who are victims of child pornography and supervise suspicious matters related to child pornography.

Description of Bullying Incidents in Students at Public School 02 Mereng

The incidence of bullying in elementary school students has become a trend today. The Indonesian Child Protection Commission (KPAI) provided data related to bullying incidents from January to April 2019, there were 25 reported cases of bullying, covering about 67% of all cases reported at the primary/equivalent education level. The purpose of this study was to determine the picture of bullying incidents that often occur at SDN 02 Mereng. This study used quantitative descriptive analysis methodology, with a cross-sectional design through the form of a survey, the instrument in this study used a questionnaire that had been tested for validity with a calculated r-value of >0.325 and a reliability test with a Cronbach's Alpha value of 0.786. Data were tested by univariate analysis. It was found that the majority of respondents were female (64%/), the majority aged 12 years (40.5%), and the incidence of bullying in the High category (58.8%). This shows that bullying incidents at SDN 02 Mereng still occur a lot. The form of bullying that often occurs is physical bullying, although there is also verbal bullying.

Menelisik Fenomena Bullying di Pesantren

Bullying behavior often occurs in Islamic boarding schools. Based on information from the Indonesian Child Protection Commission, bullying is the most common occurrence in school environments. The aim of this study was to describe the bullying phenomenon that occurs in Islamic boarding schools. The study was carried out using a descriptive qualitative approach with data collection methods in the form of document analysis. The findings found that bullying which usually occurs in schools also occurs in Islamic boarding schools. The situation of students living in Islamic boarding schools makes bullying more likely to occur. Bullying in Islamic boarding schools is caused by several factors, namely: lack of companions which has an impact on the effectiveness of controlling student activities, negative social environment and being a role model for other students, senior and junior culture, unclear regulations regarding bullying, and lack of training for students in prevention. and management of Islamic boarding schools. This study recommends the establishment of an anti-bullying program in Islamic boarding schools through increasing the number of supervisors, anti-bullying intervention training for Islamic boarding school supervisors, drafting anti-bullying regulations, adapting and expanding anti-bullying, facilities and planning. anti-bullying curriculum, implementing anti-bullying training for students and making students anti-bullying agents in Islamic boarding schools.

Early Childhood Sex Education in Islamic Nuances

Sex education is an effort to teach and provide information or what is more commonly referred to as basic skills and knowledge that are important to be given as early as possible, to deal with things that might happen in the future because over time and age, and how the formation character and pattern of behavior to be able to avoid deviant behavior. This journal discusses the study of how early childhood sex education is in Islamic nuances, because there are so many cases of sexual violence in early childhood, even in 2015 the Indonesian Child Protection Commission stated that early childhood sex cases are a problem that attacks life in Indonesia. This research uses the library research method, which is research conducted by reading books or magazines, and other library sources related to the topic studied. The results of this study are early childhood sex education in Islamic nuances, we can use it as one of the guidelines when there are many deviant behaviors related to sex. So, with this research, it is expected to be able to apply Islamic concepts to sex education itself.

Persepsi Masyarakat Islam Kejawen di Kabupaten Cilacap terhadap Implementasi Pasal 7 Ayat 1 Undang-Undang Nomor 16 Tahun 2019 tentang Perubahan Usia Perkawinan

This article discusses the perceptions of the Javanese Islamic community regarding the implementation of Article 7 Paragraph 1 of Law Number 16 of 2019 concerning changes in the age of marriage. This research originated from a judicial review filed by the Indonesian Child Protection Commission (KPAI), the Constitutional Court. The decision decided that Article 7 paragraph (1) is as long as the phrase "16 years". The Marriage Law is considered to be contrary to the 1945 Constitution (UUD) of the Republic of Indonesia (NKRI) and does not have binding legal force. Finally, the Constitutional Court finally granted a judicial review of Article 7 paragraph 1, this was because Article 7 Paragraph 1 was discriminatory and not in accordance with Article 27 Paragraph (1) of the 1945 Republic of Indonesia Constitution concerning equal rights before the law and the Child Protection Law which stated that boys -Men and girls have the same rights. The aim of this research is to determine the implementation of Article 7 Paragraph 1 of the 1974 Marriage Law in the Indigenous Anak Putu (ATAP) community in Cilacap Regency. The results of this research indicate that the implementation of Article 7 Paragraph 1 of Law Number 16 of 2019 concerning Marriage in the Kejawen Islamic Community in Cilacap Regency has been carried out as it should. Evidenced by the existence of a long process before the occurrence of the marriage contract. Apart from the procession, there are traditional rules that must not be abandoned, the Anak Putu Traditional Community also upholds the laws and norms that apply in Indonesia. So that in carrying out customary rules it is not intended to violate or get rid of state regulations. However, this is where the customary rules of the Anak Putu Tradition are carried out in tandem with state law.
 Keywords: Community Perception, Kejawen Islam, Changes in Age of Marriage

Problem Perlindungan Hukum Terhadap Anak yang Bekerja (Analisis Data Profil Anak Indonesia 2021)

Legal protection for working children in Indonesia needs special attention because currently there are still many working or employed children, so there is a risk of having children's constitutional rights guaranteed by the 1945 Constitution. Departing from the 2021 Indonesian child profile data, the author sees that there are problems with legal protection practices for children working in Indonesia. The research aims to determine the incompatibility between the legal protection practices of children working in Indonesia and the laws and regulations, as well as the factors that influence them. This research method is normative legal research with a statutory approach, which examines secondary data from the profile data of Indonesian children in 2021 which is analyzed with laws, concepts, and theories. The results of the study show that legal protection for children working in Indonesia in practice is still not by laws and regulations in several respects, namely 1) working children below the minimum age limit for work; 2) the duration of his working time exceeds the maximum limit; 3) the level of education is low; 4) child wages are far below the provincial minimum wage; 5) the majority of children work in the informal sector; 6) there is a legal vacuum regarding efforts to deal with children working outside of work relationships. Factors that influence the implementation of legal protection for working children in Indonesia are: 1) the substance of the law has not met the legal needs of child labor; 2) the legal structure is weak in monitoring and data collection; 3) needs support for adequate facilities and infrastructure to increase monitoring and outreach of data collection; 4) community factors related to economic problems, low awareness of education, knowledge about child labor, and community concern; 5) the legal culture views working children as a norm in society.

Should I Drop Out of School? A Study of the Right to Education For Pregnant Students

Every Indonesian child has the right to a proper education, including pregnant students. In reality, solving the problem of pregnant students often ends with the dismissal of the children from school either directly or by resignation. Instead of providing protection, the school sanctions children who are considered to damage the image of the school as a moral educational institution, actually the school has neglected their basic rights, namely proper education guaranteed by the state through the constitution and laws related to education. Therefore, the purpose of this paper is to explain the above problems studied from the perspective of child protection on the basis of the principle of the best interests of the child. The method used in this research is the socio-legal method, which analyzes the implementation of education policy. The results of this study indicate that there are no guidelines for resolving cases of students who become pregnant during their study period. The settlement is left to the school, which usually ends with a decision from the school to expel the student on the basis of educational morals and school image. This is contrary to the guarantee of the right to education for every Indonesian citizen child as mandated in education law, especially regarding the 12-year compulsory education policy.

Literature Study: The Role of the Indonesian Child Protection Commission in the Protection of Abandoned Children

The Indonesian Child Protection Commission is an independent state agency assigned based on Law No. 23 of 2002 concerning Child Protection. A neglected child is a child whose parents for some reason neglect and/or are unable to carry out their obligations so that the child's physical, spiritual and social needs are not met. Cases of abandoned children are widespread cases in Indonesia that need to be considered by the government in protecting and fulfilling children's rights. In general, neglected children experience multiple problems such as economic difficulties, lack of attention and affection from their parents, and cannot get maximum educational services. This research uses the literature study method, the literature study method is all data collected from journals, books or other sources. In this study, researchers looked for studies that were relevant to the research being conducted, reviewing existing research.

Criminal Sanctions and Legal Protection of Victims against the Crime of Fornication of Minors

Some of the events are quite an impact on the victim is a felony obscenity. However, this is not a necessarily rule out the existence of criminal acts committed by children. So it’s necessary to apply a legal sanctions and special protection in cases involving these children. As this research highlight the implementation of legal sanctions on minors in cases that will be raised related to fornication by children with Verdict Number 2/ Pid.Sus.Anak/ 2018/ PN PMS. This research is an empirical sociological study, which collects field data for further analysis of the data with the applicable legal rules. The result of this research is the practice of legal sanctions on subject of minors through Verdict Number 2/ Pid.Sus.Anak/ 2018/ PN PMS to a children regarding the sentence of 1 (one) year incarcerated and 3 (three) months of job training has been in accordance with applicable legal rules. Caused the subject is a minor, a child who is 15 (fifteen) years old, based on Law Number 11 of 2012 on The Criminal Justice System of Children, legal protection for minors of victims has been carried out such as legal assistance, psychological assistance, and ensuring that the child still get them rights as a child in society such as receiving education, socializing, and so on, the right not to be covered by the media, in collaboration with the Indonesian Child Protection Commission (“KPAI”) in terms of the victim’s psychology and social issues of the victim.

Indonesia's Role in Preventing Transnational Cyber Pornography of Children in the Southeast Asian Region Viewed From a Political Law Approach

Indonesia, which is a member of the Southeast Asian region called the Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN), must have a duty and role to prevent Cyber Pornography of children in the Southeast Asian region. In this research, a normative juridical research method is used with a political law study approach. Indonesia's role in preventing Transnational Cyber Pornography of Children in the Southeast Asian Region Viewed from the Political Approach of Law is by ratifying the Convention on the Rights of the Child on the Sale of Children, Child Prostitution and Child Pornography into Law Number 10 of 2012, then Indonesia also became a country that followed The Declaration on the Elimination of Violence against Women and against Children, which was approved in 2013 which aims to encourage regional cooperation in supporting national level actions in ending violence against children, especially the crime of Cyber Pornography in ASEAN. Indonesia also followed the follow-up of The Declaration on the Elimination of Violence against Women and against Children in 2013, namely the ASEAN National Action Plan on the Elimination of Violence against Children 2016-2025, held a 2012 Conference through ECPAT Indonesia's Agency on child protection attended by ASEAN countries. Indonesia was also represented by the Indonesian Child Protection Commission and ECPAT attended the German Southeast Asian Center of Excellence for Public Policy and Good Governance (CPG) Conference located at the Faculty of Law, Thammasat University in Thailand, the purpose of this conference was to address the problem of child pornography and the conclusion of this conference required cross-country and cross-regional cooperation in combating child pornography. Suggestions that can be given are revamping the rules (making special international treaties) and the need for cross- border child pornography crimes to be designated as serious and extraditable crimes.

Peran Bimbingan Konseling Islam dalam Meminimalisasi Bullying antar Teman di Lingkungan Sekolah

Bullying is a desire to hurt, which is shown into action and causes someone to suffer. Cases of bullying, especially those perpetrated by children and adolescents in the school environment, are still very high. This is evidenced by data from the Indonesian Child Protection Commission (KPAI) regarding cases of bullying in 2023 which are increasing. In Islam bullying behavior is strictly prohibited and not recommended because it is included in the behavior of demeaning others. One way that can be used to prevent and minimize bullying is the application of Islamic Counseling Guidance. The aim of this research is to find out the role of Islamic Counseling Guidance in minimizing bullying behavior including, what methods are used and how effective or successful it is. This study uses a qualitative approach. The type of research used is library research with the documentation method, namely finding and studying data regarding variables in the form of notes, documents, books, journals and so on. The data sources used are primary and secondary data sources. The data analysis technique used is content analysis method. To test the validity of this research data using a credibility test by increasing persistence, researchers also use source triangulation techniques. Islamic Counseling Guidance has many methods or ways as efforts that can be applied in preventing and minimizing acts of bullying in accordance with the needs of students. Thus, making students show changes in attitudes and behavior in a more positive direction. This indicates that Islamic Counseling is a successful and effective way to minimize acts of bullying between friends at school.

PERNIKAHAN ANAK USIA DINI DITINJAU DARI PERSPEKTIF UNDANG-UNDANG NEGARA REPUBLIK INDONESIA DAN DALAM KONTEKS HUKUM ISLAM

<p>This research is based on the author's desire to find out how the law is applied in the country of Indonesia and from the perspective or view of Islamic law related to the issue of early child marriage to see whether in a legal view both such things are permissible or violate some norms, both social norms , religious norms, and other norms. The research method used is normative law or library law research. Early marriage is a social phenomenon that often occurs in various regions. The phenomenon of early marriage is like an iceberg phenomenon that only appears to be a small part on the surface, very little is exposed in the public domain, but in reality it happens a lot in the wider community. When we trace the historical roots of early marriage in Indonesia, especially on the island of Java, it has actually become something that was commonly done by our grandparents. In their context, there is a negative stigma if a woman marries at a mature age in their community. This paper will discuss the phenomenon of early marriage in the context of Islamic law and based on Indonesian child protection laws.</p>

Case Study: Disseminated intravascular coagulation at autopsy of a child with severe burns resulting in death

Childhood is a time of growth and development, both intellectually and emotionally. The Indonesian Child Protection Commission has observed a growing number of cases of violence against children, including physical and verbal abuse, which require special attention and handling. Physical violence can include burns, which are particularly dangerous in developing countries, where the mortality rate is high. Severe burns can result in inhalation injury and sepsis, which can cause coagulation disorders, making it easier for Disseminated Intravascular Coagulation (DIC) to occur. This study aims to describe the coagulation function of severely burnt patients, investigate the potential causes of DIC, and examine other clinical data. The study used a case study approach, analyzing the corpse of a child who suffered from severe burns. An autopsy was performed and supporting examinations were conducted to determine the cause of death. The examination of the patient's laboratory results, treatment records, corpse, and anatomical pathology revealed the presence of DIC. The autopsy of the child's corpse showed severe burns, pale coloring in the tissues under the nails, and blood clots in the epidural, left ventricle, right ventricle, and veins. The cause of death was determined to be severe burns causing multiple organ dysfunction.

Pemanfaatan Aplikasi Parental Control Sebagai Media untuk Mewujudkan Internet Sehat dan Aman

The use of the internet must be in accordance with applicable ethics and norms. The internet must be used for positive activities and not harm yourself or others. Healthy internet is the concept of using the internet to protect yourself and others from possible dangers or risks in the online world. Referring to the press release of the Indonesian Child Protection Commission (KPAI), the number of complaints related to special child protection cases in 2021 was 2,982 cases. Of these, 345 cases were related to cybercrime (internet crime). As many as 64% of internet users in Indonesia are teenagers aged 15 to 19 years, so the role of parents is very important in supervising their children's behavior when using the internet. Parental control is software (software) or equipment that allows parents to control, limit and regulate the use of the internet for children. This activity aims to educate parents regarding the use of parental control applications to supervise children and adolescents in internet use. The method used in this research is Community Based Research (CBR). Helps make it easier for parents to supervise children's internet use to avoid negative content.

IMPORTANCE OF IMPLEMENTATION AND ENFORCEMENT OF HUMAN RIGHTS IN INDONESIA NOW

There are still many human rights violations in Indonesia, starting from the lightest to the most serious in the implementation of human rights, and there is no mechanism for handling these human rights. From this research using literature review which aims to learn from existing references to understand the meaning of human rights and apply the values of Pancasila which contain the values of civilized human principles because they are the enforcement of human rights in civic life so that students can appreciate it more. the rights of everyone by not violating human rights. This human right has the power of fundamental or fundamental power. Currently, there are violation cases that have occurred because many people still do not understand the violation cases so that it is easier for people to violate the rights of others. Protection and maintenance of human rights within a national institutional framework is established in an institution such as the Indonesian Child Protection Commission (KPAI), the National Commission for Women (Komnas Perempuan), the National Commission on Human Rights (Komnas HAM), and the Truth and Reconciliation Commission (KKR), was dissolved because the KKR might not be responsible and did not carry out its function properly. Currently, human rights law enforcement is carried out specifically through the judiciary, whose Human Rights Courts target serious human rights courts, and which have the authority to test the 1945 Constitution, namely the constitutional court. These rights are largely upheld by the Constitutional Court, and many unlawful decisions have been made. This decision has strategic value, so that it can protect the human rights of citizens.

Gender Responsive Police Services for Women and Girls Subject to Violence Due to Pandemic Covid-19

This study aims to examine how responsive the Police are in the Women and Children Protection Unit (PPA) during the Covid-19 pandemic. The domino effect of the Covid-19 pandemic has implications for all sectors of people's lives. It does not only have an impact on the health aspect, but also the economic and social aspects of the community. This condition can cause new problems in the family, including violence. The increase in cases of violence against children and women, both verbal and nonverbal, according to Kandedes (2020), is one of the increases arising from the impact of economic and psychological aspects that increase along with the family's economic conditions. In addition, the decline in the purchasing power of the community, both in villages and in cities (Tristanto, 2020), can guarantee psychological conditions in the family, so that it can trigger pressure and cause excessive production in husbands and wives, and make children as an outlet (Hutabarat, et al. al, 2020). Based on data from the Online Information System for the Protection of Women and Children (SIMFONI PPA) it was noted that cases of violence against children in Indonesia during the period January 1 to September 23, 2020 reached 5,697 cases with 6,315 victims (Ikhsan. 2020). This figure increases when compared to data from the Indonesian Child Protection Commission in 2019 of 4,369 cases and in 2018 of 4,885 cases of child violence (Fakhri, 2020). The researcher uses an approach method, by reviewing various data and sources of journals, to obtain answers on how the PPA Police Unit provides services to cases of violence against women and children during the pandemic (2020 to 2021). The effectiveness of gender responsive services at the PPA Polri Unit by cooperating with various other relevant stakeholders, as well as motivation theory. What is expected by the researcher is the level of community satisfaction and the gender responsive service strategy of the PPA Polri Unit for women and children subject to violence. There is still a community towards handling criminal acts of violence against women and children.

Influence of Reproduction Media and Animation Videos on Knowledge and Attitudes Regarding Reproduction and Sexuality in Elementary School Students

Background: Sexual violence in children occupies the highest position, 50% -62%. The Indonesian Child Protection Commission (KPAI) released that in early 2018, there was 117 sexual violence against children, while in 2017, there were 393 cases in Schools plays an important role in increasing students' knowledge and sexual education. So far, sex education has been implemented only with the introduction of reproductive organs, forms of violation, danger and impact. Furthermore, the children try to find other knowledge to satisfy their curiosity. Purpose: To determine the effect of media flipcharts and video animation on knowledge and attitudes about reproduction and sexuality in elementary school students. Method: Experimental research with one group pretest-posttest design in which the design consisted of one group then observed (pretest), after which intervention was given in the form of counselling using flipchart media and animated video and then observed again (posttest). Result: difference test in two measurements paired-samples T-Test which showed the average of students' knowledge before giving information about reproduction and sexuality using flipchart media and animated videos on students, which was an average of 7.72 and the average after a given intervention to 10.64. While the attitude of students before being given information about reproduction and sexuality by using the media flipchart and animated video is an average of 32.96, and after being given an intervention, the average becomes 35.34. Conclusions: It was concluded that the media of flipcharts and animated videos influence knowledge and attitudes about reproduction and sexuality in elementary school students. Thus, the school is advised to provide reproductive and sexual education by applicable norms and can use flipcharts and animated videos.

Pendidikan Kesehatan tentang Dampak Negatif Pernikahan Dini dan Kesehatan Reproduksi di Kabupaten Bogor Jawa Barat

Based on the 2018 Indonesian Child Profile Report, it shows that around 39.17% or 2 of girls aged 10-17 were married before the age of 15 where around 37.91% were married at the age of 16 then 22.92% were married at the age of 17. The implementation of early marriage before the age of has been determined to have a risk, namely the unpreparedness of the female reproductive system so that it interferes with reproductive health, can have an impact on dropping out of education and has an impact on the risk of divorce. The Health Planning Component and the Ministry of Health's development program need to be more pro-active in addressing programs related to the health needs of adolescents and young people, especially young women. The aim is to find out what are the factors that influence early marriage in Sukamahi Village, Kab. Bogor in 2021. The type of research used in this research is quantitative research. The research design used cross sectional. The sample in this study consisted of 48 teenagers who were married at the age of <20 years. From the research results obtained by the researcher, factors that were not related were: Respondent's education (p-value = 0.361), Parents' income (p-value = 1.000), Respondent's attitude (p-value = 0.413), and cultural factors (p- value = 0.245). The conclusion of this study is that there are no variables related to early marriage, therefore there are several variables that the researchers did not examine carefully which may be related to early marriage