Indonesian Cereals Research Institute Research Articles

Performance of sorghum varieties with various fertilizer doses in peatlands of West Aceh Regency

West Aceh Regency is one of the regions in Indonesia with quite extensive peatlands, but the diversity of food crop commodities is still very low. To enhance food diversification programs of rice, sorghum production is important. The purpose of this research was to test several varieties of sorghum in the peatlands of West Aceh Regency. This research was carried out from July to November 2023. Several new varieties of sorghum released by the Indonesian Cereals Research Institute (ICERI) were evaluated in the peatland of West Aceh. The research method used a randomized complete block design (RCBD) with two factors and three replications. The first factor was different varieties of sorghum, and the second factor was various doses of fertilizers. The varieties used were Soper 7 Agritan, Bioguma 1, and Suri 3. The doses used Control (no treatment), Dose I (75 kg Urea ha-1 + 50 kg SP-36 ha-1 + 50 kg KCl ha-1), Dose II (150 kg Urea ha-1 + 100 kg SP-36 ha-1 + 100 kg KCl ha-1), and Dose III (225 kg Urea ha-1 + 150 kg SP-36 ha-1 + 150 kg KCl ha-1). The results showed that the Bioguma 1 variety adapted better than the other varieties, where the plant height was 187.97 cm, the number of leaves was 15.08, the panicle diameter was 35.92 mm, and the panicle weight was 79.52 g. Meanwhile, fertilizer dose II is better on the character of the number of leaves and panicle length. The interaction effect between the two factors only showed a significant influence on panicle length. Therefore, the Bioguma 1 sorghum variety can be a recommended variety for planting in the shallow peatlands of West Aceh. Keywords: Acidic soil; alternative food; food diversification

Collection and inventory of pests on several sorghum varieties

The research with aim of collecting and inventorying several pests of sorghum (Sorghum bicolor L. Moech) crops was carried out in Bajeng Agricultural Technology Research and Development Installation, Gowa District, South Sulawesi, and Entomology Laboratory of Indonesian Cereals Research Institute from March until October 2021 and from March until July 2022. Observations on 11 sorghum varieties (Mandau, UPCA-S1, Numbu, Kawali, Super 1, Super 2, Suri 3, Suri 4, Soper 6, Soper 7, and Soper 9) and several types of pests attacked were carried out at vegetative and generative stages by determined 25 plant samples at random. The results in 2021 showed that at vegetative stages, pests were Ostrinia furnacalis Gueene, Sesamia inferens Walker, Spodoptera frugiferda JE Smith, and Aphis sp. each with a population of 1-3 larvae/plant, 5-13 larvae/plant, and 1-2 larvae/plant respectively, while the scoring of Aphis sp. between 5-7 for all varieties of sorghum. At the generative stage of O. furnacalis and Nola sorghiella Riley was found with a population between 3-5 larvae/panicle, 9-13 larvae/panicle, and a score of Aphis sp. between 5–9. In 2022 at the vegetative and generative stage, the same pests’ species were found with O. furnacalis were 1-2 larvae/plant, S. inferens 3-5 larvae/plant, and S. frugiferda 1-2 larvae/plant. The score of Aphis sp. was between 5-7 for all varieties. At the generative stage, O. furnacalis, N. sorghiella, Heliothis sp., and Aphis sp. were found. Each pest species was 3-5 larvae/panicle, 9-13 larvae/panicle, and 1-2 larvae/panicle while scoring for Aphis sp. between 5-9.

Morphological characterization of sweet sorghum lines which has the potential as a raw material for bioethanol

Sweet sorghum is a potential plant as a raw material for bioethanol. This plant has the potential to be developed in tropical, semi-tropical and arid climates. To obtain information on elite lines as raw material for ethanol, it is necessary to characterize qualitative and quantitative traits. This study aims to obtain information about the quantitative and qualitative characters of several sweet sorghum lines that have the potential as raw materials for bioethanol. The research was carried out from August to December 2019 on the Experimental Farm of Indonesian Cereals Research Institute (ICERI), at Maros, South Sulawesi, Indonesia. The genetic materials used in this study were ten sweet sorghum lines, namely 15020B, 1115-C, 4-183ABEOTO, AB-6-1-1, EA-13-1-1, KL2, 10 (1-1), 23 (1-1), Buleleng Abang and WR2 and two varieties as check, namely Super-1 and Super-2, using a randomized block design in which genotype was the treatment factor. Qualitative data is explained by a descriptive method which refers to UPOV. Analysis of variance indicated significant differences in the quantitative and qualitative characters. Significantly different characters quantitatively were plant height, leaf length, leaf width, day to flowering, panicle length, and weight of 1000 grains. While the significant qualitative data are green leaf intensity, leaf bone color, pistil color, pistil length, dry stamen color, panicle shape, panicle density after pollination, self-pollination, husk color, husk length, grain color, seed shape, and endosperm texture. Based on morphological data, the promising elite lines as raw material for bioethanol were EA-13-1-1, KL2, WR2, Buleleng Abang, 61 (1-1) and 15020B. However, other scientific supporting data are needed to recommend superior sweet sorghum lines as raw material for bioethanol.

Antagonistic Bacteria Bacillus subtilis Formulation as Biopesticide to Control Corn Downy Mildew caused by Peronosclerospora philippinensis

<p class='Abstract'>Downy mildew (DM) is a major disease of corn that can limit production. An alternative method of control that is currently being developed is the use of biopesticides which can inhibit the development of DM. Therefore, this study aims to test the effectiveness of <em>B. subtilis</em> antagonistic bacteria formulation in suppressing DM through seed treatment and foliar spraying. The study was carried out from June to October 2019 at Maros Experimental Farm of the Indonesian Cereals Research Institute. The first application was done by treating the seeds with the bacterial formulation with a dose of 8 g/kg of seeds. The second application was done at 16 DAP at a dose of 3 g/L. Spraying was done evenly throughout the leaves of the test plant. Observations made include incidents of downy mildew, presence of mycelium lignification, leaf chlorophyll content, stomatal density, plant height, and crop yield. Furthermore, the results showed that the application of the formula <em>B. subtilis</em> with seed treatment and spraying effectively suppressed the development of downy mildew and improved corn plants' growth. The test also showed that mycelium lignification occurred in the treatment using the formula <em>B. subtilis</em>. The treatment of B<em>. subtilis</em> tended to have higher leaf chlorophyll content in corn plants compared to control treatments. Considering the results, the Bima-15 and Perkasa variety have a relatively better response to <em>B. subtilis</em> biopesticides in inhibiting downy mildew infections, improving maize production.

The role of institutions in enhancing farmer motivation to carryout corn seed production under corporation system

A farmercorporation-based seed production system is needed to bring seeds closer to farmers. Its developmen requires support from several institutions related to the policy of providing seeds for farmers. This study aims to determine the role of the institution in the farmer-based hybrid maize production system. Five institutions evaluated for their role, namely Indonesian Cereals Research Institute (ICERI) as a source of seeds and technology, Assessment for Agricultural Technology (AIAT) as aassistence for application technology in the field, Agricultural Service Office as a policymaker in available seed for farmer, Seed Certification and Inspection Center (SSO) as the supervisor of seed quality, and the grower local as an absorber of the results by farmer groups. The role of the institution is observed through: socialization activity, field observations, and discussions. The results showed that all institutions have gave various supports. ICERI has provided seeds in a timelymanner, the right quality and the right quantity, and also conducts regular training and monitoring to provide instructions for implementing good technology application to farmers and by farmers it is considered very good. AIAT provides field assistance for the application of production technology, but the activities are considered by farmers to be inadequate, the staff of Agriculture Service continue to motivate farmers and farmers are deemed adequate. SCIC as a seed supervisor continues to assist farmers in the field, in addition to monitoring irregularities, it also continues to provide guidance to farmers in accordance withthe standar operational procedure of hybrid maize seeds and is considered very good by farmers. Then the seed producers who absorb the results of the farmers have carried out excellent guidance such as placing quality control personnel in the field to control implementation, absorbing farmers’ products at an agreed price, building a processing unit in the site area, and by the farmers it is considered very good. With adequate support from related institutions, farmers continue to be motivated to produce hybrid maize seeds, which were originally only 100 ha in Minahasa district, then expanded to surrounding districts, sothat the area production increase from 253,4 ha in 2019 to 480 ha in 2020.

Foraging ability of maize weevil in several varieties under dark and light conditions

Laboratory research to investigate the ability of maize weevil to find food source in the dark and light condition had been conducted in laboratory of pests and plan diseases of Indonesian Cereals Research Institute, Maros, South Sulawesi. This research was arranged in complete random design with three replications. There were six maize varieties put into small glasses and placed in circle within big jar and then invested with 100 heterogenous adult maize weevils in each jar. As a control, an empty glass was put in the center of glasses circle within the jar. Observation and calculation on living and dead maize weevils on each glass and outside glass was conducted with intervals of 24, 48 and 72 after maize weevil infestation. This research was performed in the light and dark condition. Result of the research showed that maize weevil ability to find their food sources was not determined by the light and dark. In addition, from this research, it was found that there were influence of corn variety as food resources, but this factor of variety as food resources needs to be examined further. The implication of this study are about the maize varieties attracted the weevil.

Genotype resistance of hybrid corn varieties candidate against major corn diseases

The resistance level of several national superior corn varieties to the primary disease of corn is still varied and unstable. Therefore, evaluating the resistance of hybrid corn varieties candidate to the primary disease of corn is deemed necessary as an initial step in managing the disease. This study aimed to evaluate the resistance reaction of the hybrid corn varieties candidate against the primary disease of corn. This study was conducted at two different locations. The first location was at the Agricultural Technology Research and Assessment Installation (ATRAI) of the Indonesian Cereals Research Institute in Bajeng District, Gowa Regency, South Sulawesi first, where the test for P. phillipinensis downy mildew, leaf blight, and leaf rust was conducted. The next location was at the ATRAI of Muneng of the Research Institute for Various Nuts and Tubers in Probolinggo, East Java, where the test for the P. maydis downy mildew was conducted. The tests were carried out using plants as the source of the test pathogen inoculum planted around the experimental block. The four corn genotypes tested were CHC1, CHC02, CHC3, CHC5, and CHC5. Meanwhile, the comparison varieties used were P36, Pertiwi-6, PAC339, BISI18, Anoman, and Pulut. The test results showed the two hybrid corn varieties candidate that were moderately resistant to P. philipinensis, namely CHC1 and CHC2, with attack intensities of 30.94% and 32.07%, respectively; one variety candidate resistant to P. maydis, namely CHC1 with an attack intensity of 15.92%. Meanwhile, the five hybrid corn varieties candidate, namely CHC1, CHC02, CHC3, CHC5, and CHC5, showed a moderately resistant reaction to maydis leaf blight and leaf rust with an attack intensity of 35%.

Control of Fusarium verticillioides on corn with a combination of Bacillus subtilis TM3 formulation and botanical pesticides.

The aim of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of the combination of Bacillus subtilis TM3 formulation with botanical pesticides in suppressing Fusarium verticilloides infection in corn. The research was carried out at the Plant Pathology Laboratory and the Experimental Farm of Indonesian Cereals Research Institute (ICERI) from February to November 2019. The research consisted of two stages, namely an in vitro test of antagonists of botanical pesticides against F. verticilloides using 5 types of plant extracts namely betel leaf extract, turmeric, galangal, cosmos, and clove leaf. The second stage was to test the effectiveness of the combination of the formulation of B. subtilis TM3 with the best 3 types of plant extracts in vitro testing in suppressing F. verticilloides infection in plants. The results of the in vitro study showed that the plant extracts of betel leaf, clove leaf and galangal had the best inhibitory ability on the mycelia growth of F. verticilloides. Meanwhile, the field test found that the application of the B. subtilis TM3 formulation, either alone or in combination with plant extracts, was able to suppress F. verticilloides infection. The combination of B. subtilis TM3 formulation with betel leaf extract showed the best inhibition of 20% against stem rot disease and 13.33% against corn cob rot. This treatment did not affect production quantitatively, but was able to suppress the decline in seed quality due to F. verticilloides infection. Seeds grown by the Plastic Rolled Paper Test (PRPT) method were not only infected with F. verticilloides, but also infected with other seed-borne pathogens, such as Aspergillus niger and A. falvus. The presence of these two pathogens did not inhibit the growth of F. verticilloides in kernels.

Characterization of physiological properties of bacteria isolates TM4 and BNt8 in biopesticide formulas

Some physiological characteristics can be used to determine the antagonistic ability of a bacterium, was the ability of bacteria to produce extracellular enzymes (chitinase, proteases, and cellulose), hydrogen cyanide (HCN), phosphate solvents, and fluorescence activities. The aim of the study was to examine the physiological characteristics of bacterial isolates TM4 and BNt8 biopesticide formulations. The experiment was conducted at the Plant Pathology Laboratory and greenhouse of Indonesian Cereals Research Institute at Maros South Sulawesi. The results showed that the two isolates tested for physiological characteristics using specific media had chitinolytic, proteolytic, cellulolytic, phosphate and potassium activity. This result was seen from the formation of a clear zone. Based on the results of in vitro tests using a completely randomized design, it was found that the two bacterial isolates tested were able to inhibit the growth of R. solani pathogen with inhibitory levels by TM4 isolates ranging from 13-26% and inhibition of BNt8 isolates around 11-38% respectively. The percentage of bacterial inhibition on PDA media was higher than on media PDA and PDA + TSA. From the field test on maize plants, it was found that the two bacterial isolates tested could significantly increase plant growth.

The in-situ inventory of natural enemies at the corn plantation experimental garden of Balitsereal (Indonesian Cereal Research Institute)

The use of natural enemies can reduce the application of insecticides which have a negative influence on ecosystems and human health. The objective of this study is to inventory the insitu of the natural enemies in corn crops that found in the experimental station of Indonesian Cereals Research Institute (Balitsereal) in Maros, South Sulawesi. The observation plot used three replications by taking a sample of 30 plants for each replication, with a total plant observation of 90 units per block. The number of natural enemy populations obtained was recorded by counting the number of natural enemies to find out the total average number of natural enemy populations contained in the observation plot. The results showed that there were 11 types of natural enemies in corn crops namely Harmonia octomaculata (lady beetle), Menochilus sexmaculatus (lady beetle), Ophionea nigrofasciata (Schmidt-Goebel) (ground beetle), Cyrtorhinus lividipennis Reuter (plant bug), Panstenon nr. Collaris Boucek (wasp), Araneus inustus (orb spider), Cardiochiles philippinensis (wasp), Phanerotoma sp. (wasp), Pipunculus mutillatus (big-headed fly), Harpalus pensylvanicus and Chrysoperla carnea (Stephens). The existance of the above natural enemies will be very usefull in decreasing the pesticide application in the fields.

Evaluation of Genetic Diversity of QPM, Provit-A, and Elite Maize Inbreds Resistant to Downy Mildew Disease Using Simple Sequence Repeats

&lt;p&gt;Functional maize tends to be more susceptible to major maize diseases, particularly Downy mildew. Among the functional maize are Quality Protein Maize (QPM) and Provit A maize. The presence of higher amino acid and beta carotene in functional maize might have caused these types of maize more susceptible to Downy mildew disease. The objective of the research was to identify the heterotic pairs among maize inbreds i.e. QPM, Provit A, and local maize varieties resistant to Downy mildew disease using Simple Sequence Repeats (SSR) marker. The research was conducted from April to July 2017 at the Molecular Biology Laboratory of Indonesian Cereals Research Institute. A total of five QPM inbreds, 15 Provit A inbreds, and 11 Downy mildew resistant local varieties of maize were used in the experiment using 34 SSR markers. Results indicated that among 34 SSR locus analysed, variation of allele lengths ranged from 74 bp to 500 bp. A total of 125 alleles ranging from two to nine alleles per locus with an average of 3.68 alleles were generated. The data indicated wide genetic variations among characters. DNA band profile showed that nc130 marker produced the highest PIC (over 0.83) and allele value (8.00). Genetic distance analysis found a total of 21 heterotic genotypes with genetic distance exceeds 0.65. &lt;/p&gt;

Evaluation on morpho-physiological characters of synthetic maize genotypes on low soil nitrogen level condition

A study aimed to evaluate the growth and production of several synthetic maize lines at low nitrogen level was conducted at the Indonesian Cereals Research Institute Experimental Farm in Bajeng District, Gowa Regency, South Sulawesi. The research was carried out from September to December 2018. The study also aimed to determine the nitrogen dose that could be used for selection of synthetic maize genotypes against low nitrogen doses. The study was conducted in the form of an experiment using a Split Plot Design. Five levels of Nitrogen fertilizer were used namely 0, 50, 100, 150, and 200 kg N per hectare. Various genotypes treatment were consisted of 4 synthetic maize genotypes namely Syn 5, Syn 6, Syn 7, Syn 8 and 2 comparative varieties namely Bisma and Lamuru. The results show a significant interaction between the treatment of nitrogen doses and the synthetic maize genotype on the morphological and physiological characters of the maize genotypes. Genotypes gave the best results at nitrogen doses of 100 kg N ha−1 was Syn8 (8.67 tons ha−1) and 50 kg N ha−1 (6.47 tons ha−1). Nitrogen doses of 50 kg N ha−1 and 100 kg N ha−1 can be used for the selection of maize tolerant to low nitrogen condition with productivity of 4.57 tons ha−1 and 8.67 tons ha−1, respectively. There is potential for the Syn8 genotype to be developed for low-nitrogen-tolerant maize varieties due to higher production compared to the comparative variety.

Short Communication: Potential tests of plant growth bacteria for the control of Peronosclerospora philipinensis in corn

Abstract. Djaenuddin N, Syafruddin, Patandjengi B, Kuswinanti T. 2020. Short Communication: Potential tests of plant growth bacteria for the control of Peronosclerospora philipinensis in corn. Biodiversitas 21: 3886-3892. The study was conducted at the Laboratory and Screen House of the Indonesian Cereals Research Institute (ICERI). The stages of the study were (i) potential test of bacterial isolates that have the ability to control downy mildew disease in vivo in corn and (ii) molecular identification of the selected bacterial isolates. Experiments were arranged in a Completely Randomized Design (CRD) with treatment of 24 bacteria which suspected to be growth-promoting bacteria. The parameters observed were disease intensity, percent disease suppression, plant height, chlorophyll content, and crop wet weight. The result showed that only five bacterial isolates namely, Bacillus albus strain MCCC 1A02146, Bacillus cereus strain IAM 12605, Bacillus paramycoides strain MCCC 1A04098, Pseudomonas stutzeri strain CCUG 11256, Serratia marcescens subsp. sakuensis strain KRED, have the ability to induce resistance to downy mildew disease caused by Peronosclerospora philipinensis.

Evaluation on growth and production of convergent breeding wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) genotypes adaptive to lowland

This study aimed to determine the genotype of wheat from a convergent breeding program that adaptive to lowland and produce high yield, and determine the parameters with high heritability. The study was conducted at the Screen House of Indonesian Cereals Research Institute (ICERI), Maros Regency from October 2017 to February 2018. The study used a Randomized Block Design with 10 wheat genotypes of convergent breeding crossbreeds including CBF 124, CBF 159, CBF 192, CBF 169, CBF 137, CBF 195, CBF 119, CBF 145, CBF 156 and CBF 231 as well as four comparators, namely two national superior varieties (Selayar and Dewata) and two introduced genotypes (Oasis and HP. 1744) resulted in 14 genotypes. The results show that the genotype of wheat from convergent breeding that adaptive to lowland and had high productivity are CBF 192 (1.80 tons ha−1), CBF 169 (1.66 tons ha−1), CBF 195 (1.54 tons ha−1), CBF 137 (1.44 tons ha−1), CBF 124 (1.42 tons ha−1) and CBF159 (1.34 tons ha−1). Characters that have high heritability are plant height, number of tillers and productive tillers, age of flowering and harvest, panicle length, number of spikelet, number of floret, number of grains on the main panicle and on the tillers, weight of grains on the main panicle and on the tillers, and production.

Growth and production of South Sulawesi local waxy corn genotypes (Zea mays ceratina L.)

The study was conducted in the Experimental Farm of the Indonesian Cereals Research Institute (ICERI) located in the Gowa Regency, South Sulawesi Province from September to December 2017. The research aimed to study the quantitative and qualitative characters of some local waxy corn genotypes in South Sulawesi. This experiment was arranged in Randomized Block Design with three replications. The treatment included 9 local waxy corn genotypes from Barru, Bone, Bulukumba, Gowa, Jeneponto, Maros, Soppeng, Takalar, Wajo regencies and URI variety as a control. Local waxy corn genotypes of Bone and Bulukumba has the best phenotype characteristics with the highest grain yield (4.13 t/ha and 4.15 t/ha). Qualitative characters that are easily observed among different local waxy corn genotypes are panicle type, silk color (pistils), and kernel type. All the characteristics have high heritability (>0.50). Silking, weight of dry cob without husk, and cob diameter are the characteristics that give direct effect on the production positively (1.05; 0.001; 0.49, respectively).

Evaluation of yield and agronomic components of three-way cross maize hybrids under low-light environment

The development and the use of low light tolerant varieties is one of the technologies to overcome the limitations of hybrid maize in the land with the low-light condition. The objectives of the study were to determine the effect of shading/low light intensity on the growth and production of three-way cross maize hybrid, as well to generate hybrid variety that is tolerant to the shade stress condition. The research was conducted under two different environmental conditions, i.e. Screen House environment with 35% of paranet shading condition, and normal environment condition at Indonesian Cereals Research Institute experimental station from July to October 2018. The research was arranged in a Randomized Block Design (RBD) with three replications. The research material consisted of nine three-way crosses (STJ01-STJ09) and two check varieties (Bima-19 and P35). The results indicated that as many as four genotypes performed high yield under 35% shading condition i.e. STJ01, STJ02, STJ06 and STJ07 which yielded 5.60; 6.55; 5.87 and 6.15 t/ha respectively. Correlation analysis indicated various traits have a direct effect on grain yield i.e. ear weight, kernel net weight, ear length, number of kernels per row and kernel weight per ear. As for shading condition, the positive correlations were found for ear weight, ear length, number of kernels per row and kernel weight per ear characters.

Preface

The International Conference on Sustainable Cereals and Crops Production Systems in the Tropics (ICFST) was held on 23-25 September 2019 in Makassar, Indonesia. The Conference was organized by Indonesian Agency for Agricultural Research and Development (IAARD)-Ministry of Agriculture of Indonesia, collaborated with International Maize and Wheat Improvement Center (CIMMYT) and Ministry of Research, Technology and Higher Education of Indonesia.The theme of the conference is “Sustainable Agricultural Resources Management to Support Food Security and Industry 4.0” with the sub themes of Breeding and Biotechnology, Crop Production Systems, Pest and Disease Management, Post Harvest, Socio-Economy and Community Development. The conference was conducted in three days, two days of scientific session and one day of field visit to the Indonesian Cereals Research Institute. The conference facilitate the research community focusing in food crops and provide platform for scientists to meet and interact with each other to share their knowledge and their research results along with the obstacles and challenges they faced in their development, achievement as well as experiences through the presentation of papers and discussion. This international conference is also an event to establish cooperation in the development of food crops research in the future as well as enhancing the knowledge of environmental protection with the current agricultural technologies.We would like to convey our deepest gratitude to the Minister of Agriculture of Indonesia, Keynote Speakers: Dr B.M. Prasanna (Director of CIMMYT’s Global Maize Program & the CGIAR Research Program), Prof. Dr Machito Mihara (Tokyo Agricultural University), Thomas E. Anderson, PhD (US Department of Agriculture), Prof Roger Shivas (University of Southern Queensland), Prof Bunyamin Tar’an (University of Saskatchewan Canada), sponsors, organizing committee and also to all participants.We also would like to express our deepest gratitude to the Indonesian Agency for Agricultural Research and Development (IAARD) conducted such conference. We are looking forward to the 2nd ICFST that will be held on September 2020 in Bali Island . We expect that these future ICFST conference will be as stimulating as this most recent one was, as indicated by the contributions presented in this proceedings volume.List of Committees Steering Committee (SC) and conference photographs are available in this PDF.

Karakteristik Fenotipik dan Pengelompokan Jagung Pulut Hibrida Zea mays L. Hasil Persilangan Puncak

This research is the phenotypic characteristics and grouping of hybrid waxy corn Zea mays L. product of the top cross had been carried out in the experimental plant Indonesian Cereals Research Institute (ICERI) in Maros South Sulawesi. This research aims to determine the phenotypic characters of the hybrid of waxy corn Zea mays L. product of the top cross and grouping based on its phenotypic characteristics. This research used a randomized block design (RBD) with 17 th treatments (corn strains) and three replications. Waxy corn strains used were: URI 1 (G8), G8G1, G8G2, G8G3, G8G4, G8G5, G8G6, G8G7, Soppeng (G10), G10G1, G10G2, G10G3, G10G4, G10G5, G10G6, G10G7, and Paramitha.. All data (qualitative and quantitative) are arranged in binary tables and grouped using the NTSYST program. The observations show that the data obtained comes from 14 quantitative characters and 17 qualitative characters. Quantitative data from 14 characters were tested and the results of 10 characters were significantly different and the other 4 were not significantly different. The grouping results show that the 17 corn strains studied formed 3 groups at the similarity coefficient of 0.76. Soppeng's corn is different from the others.

SCREEN HOUSE TEST OF EIGHT BIOPESTICIDE FORMULATION BACILLUS SUBTILIS AGAINST DOWNY MILDEW, PERONOSCLEROSPORA PHILIPINENSIS, ON CORN PLANT

Screen House Test of Eight Biopesticide Formulation Bacillus subtilis against Downy Mildew, Peronosclerospora philipinensis, on Corn Plant. Corn downy mildew (DM) caused by Peronosclerospora spp. is a major constraint to the decline in maize production because it can cause yield loss up to 100%. So far, DM was successfully controlled with metalxyl fungicide. But lately, the effectiveness of this fungicide has begun to decline, so there is a need for an appropriate and environmentally friendly control alternative, one of which is the use of biological control agents. The aim of this study was to know the influence of eight types of biopesticide formulation of Bacillus subtilis in controlling DM of corn plant. The study was conducted at the screenhouse of the Indonesian Cereals Research Institute at Maros from November to December 2016. The treatments were arranged in a randomized block design with nine treatments and three replications. The treatment consisted of seed treatment with eight types of B. subtilis formulations (TM4, TM3, BNt4, BNt5, BNt6, BNt8, BJ6, and TLB1) and one treatment with sterile water (control). The variety used was Anoman which is known to be highly susceptible to DM. The variables observed included number of germination, the incidence and incubation period of disease, plant height, and dry weight of the plant. The results showed that the eight B. subtilis formulations had the potential to suppress DM in corn. The symptom of DM began to be seen at 18 days after planting (DAP) on the treatment of BNt8, while the controls have been seen at 12 HST. B. subtilis TM formulation has the highest potential to suppress DM with the percentage of disease suppression reaching 63.1%.

SCREEN HOUSE TEST OF EIGHT BIOPESTICIDE FORMULATION BACILLUS SUBTILIS AGAINST DOWNY MILDEW, PERONOSCLEROSPORA PHILIPINENSIS, ON CORN PLANT

Screen House Test of Eight Biopesticide Formulation Bacillus subtilis against Downy Mildew, Peronosclerospora philipinensis, on Corn Plant. Corn downy mildew (DM) caused by Peronosclerospora spp. is a major constraint to the decline in maize production because it can cause yield loss up to 100%. So far, DM was successfully controlled with metalxyl fungicide. But lately, the effectiveness of this fungicide has begun to decline, so there is a need for an appropriate and environmentally friendly control alternative, one of which is the use of biological control agents. The aim of this study was to know the influence of eight types of biopesticide formulation of Bacillus subtilis in controlling DM of corn plant. The study was conducted at the screenhouse of the Indonesian Cereals Research Institute at Maros from November to December 2016. The treatments were arranged in a randomized block design with nine treatments and three replications. The treatment consisted of seed treatment with eight types of B. subtilis formulations (TM4, TM3, BNt4, BNt5, BNt6, BNt8, BJ6, and TLB1) and one treatment with sterile water (control). The variety used was Anoman which is known to be highly susceptible to DM. The variables observed included number of germination, the incidence and incubation period of disease, plant height, and dry weight of the plant. The results showed that the eight B. subtilis formulations had the potential to suppress DM in corn. The symptom of DM began to be seen at 18 days after planting (DAP) on the treatment of BNt8, while the controls have been seen at 12 HST. B. subtilis TM formulation has the highest potential to suppress DM with the percentage of disease suppression reaching 63.1%.