Indonesian Batik Research Articles

Blue Water Footprint and Grey Water Footprint Assessment of Block-Printed Batik-Making Process Coloured by Indigo (Indigofera sp.), Tingi (Ceriops sp.) and Mahogany (Swietenia sp.) Dyes

The Indonesian batik, which is usually produced by small and medium enterprises (SMEs) often consumes a lot of water and causing environmental pollution. Therefore, a study to map the water use for batik production is required. This study examines the Blue Water Footprint (BWF) and Grey Water Footprint (GWF) of block-printed batik making-process coloured by Indigo (Indigofera sp.), Mahogany (Swietenia sp.) and Tingi (Ceriops sp.) dyes produced by a batik SME in Jarum village of Klaten Regency, Indonesia. The average BWF of block-printed batik making-process coloured by natural dyes was lower than the GWF and Indigo consumes more water in dyeing, followed by Tingi and Mahogany. The dyeing process consumes less water for BWF (2.96 L/pc), while the biggest portion of BWF was contributed from the wax removal process (152.81 L/pc). Implementation of cleaner production by managing the grey water, such as the implementation of communal Wastewater Treatment Plant, adopting water conservation strategies and educating the craftsmen are necessary to achieve batik and water resource sustainability.

PELATIHAN MANAJEMEN KEUANGAN SEDERHANA USAHA UKM BATIK SE SOLO RAYA

The growth of the batik business in Solo Raya has become an icon that cannot be ignored. Various types of batik made from stamped batik, hand-painted batik in various patterns and colors become energy for the Indonesian batik business. A number of batik companies that have sprung up add to the existing competition in the greater Solo area and Indonesia in general. Batik craftsmen must also be able to maintain the characteristics, quality and production techniques of batik in order to produce quality and attractive batik. However, in the development of batik, batik craftsmen often face various obstacles such as inadequate capital and financial management problems, and entrepreneurs understand the importance of simple financial management from banks so that it will be difficult to get credit/capital for the activities in question, especially for MSMEs. given to improve the financial management skills of batik micro businesses, small entrepreneurs, to improve business performance. This activity is carried out using a training methodology. This training method includes interviews, lectures, socialization, and documentation. The target of this PKM activity is the batik craftsmen of Se Solo Raya. At this stage, the advice given will improve simple financial management skills, including capital planning, cash inflow and outflow management, and profit sharing, in addition to preparing business transactions.

Toward water friendliness in batik production: addressing the key factors on water use for batik production in Jarum village, Klaten Regency, Indonesia.

The Indonesian batik is a cultural product recognized as Intangible World Heritage by UNESCO. However, its production by small and medium enterprises has been raising environmental problems, including water pollution. Since water is vital for humans and batik production, deterioration of its quality affects the people, ecosystem, and batik sustainability. The water scarcity and the emerging concept of circular economy show that a regenerative system that focuses on resource efficiency is essential to replace the current linear production system. A previous study was conducted to examine the role of water in batik production. However, a complete picture on the water use in batik production is required as it will imply to water sustainability, from the experts' perspectives. Therefore, this study identified the factors influencing water use for batik production based on perspective of the experts in combination to craftsmen's experience using a qualitative Delphi method with seven experts on batik and water technology. The result indicates identified challenges that influence the water use for batik production, and four aspects that need to be addressed in order to realize water friendly batik production. Finally, three key factors of actor, system, and technology were concluded if the circularity of water use in batik SMEs will be realized.

Literature Study of Convolutional Neural Network Algorithm for Batik Classification

Batik is a hereditary cultural heritage that has high aesthetic value and deep philosophy. Currently, Indonesian batik has various types of different motifs and patterns, which are spread in Indonesia with their names and meanings. Batik classification uses Convolutional Neural Network as a pattern recognition method, especially batik image classification. The method used is a literature study, looking at studies from several journals regarding the Convolutional Neural Network Algorithm in Classification and providing conclusions about the usefulness of the algorithm. Analysis This literature study analyzes each journal from previous research related to the Convolutional Neural Network Algorithm in classifying Batik. The results of the analysis, conducted a discussion to better know the characteristics and application of Convolutional Neural Network in the classification of Batik. After discussing, this analysis ends with conclusions about the Convolutional Neural Network algorithm in classifying Batik. Based on previous studies, it can be seen that the convolution neural network can work well for image classification with large datasets. By evaluating the method that has been described by considering the architecture and the level of accuracy, namely getting an accuracy level of 100% with an image size of 128 x 128 and regarding the classification of batik, it shows that image size, image quality, image patterns affect the batik classification process.

The Gloves as Effective Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) of Indonesian Batik Workers

Background: Batik substances may increase the risk of biological function disruption to batik workers.Objective: To Determine the effectiveness of using test gloves in transepidermal water loss (TEWL), skinhydration level, and skin acidity (pH).Methods: This study was one group pretest-posttest design of 16 batik workers. Subjects use test glovesmade from neoprene on right hands and personal gloves made from thermoplastic polymer of vinyl chlorideon left hands in first and second week. Washed out for 2 weeks, last 2 weeks use test gloves on left handand personal gloves on right hand. TEWL, skin hydration level, and pH was examined by Cutometer dualMP-580Result: First and second week using test gloves on the right hand, significantly differences of TEWL levelon extensor and dorsum manus; skin hydration level on flexor, extensor, palmar, and dorsum manus; pHon extensor, palmar and dorsum manus (p<0.05; CI 95%). Fifth and sixth week using test gloves in theleft hand, significantly difference of TEWL level on dorsum manus, all area of skin hydration level and pHresults (p<0.05; CI 95%). No significant differences of comparison right and left hand in the first, second,fifth, and sixth week, that showed any types of gloves can protect batik workers from skin barrier disruption.Conclusion: Personal gloves and test gloves usage for protection doesn’t have much significant difference.Wearing gloves may also give risk to trigger contact dermatitis if not used properly or using incompatiblematerial.

A Review on the Malaysian and Indonesian Batik Production, Challenges, and Innovations in the 21st Century

Malaysia and Indonesia are well known as prolific producers of batik in Southeast Asia. The history of batik in both countries is deeply intertwined for more than a century. Most available published works related to batik production, challenges, and innovations were discussed within the local batik context of each country. This study aims to identify collectively how far batik, as a creative industry in these countries has progressed since its establishment until the present 21st century. It was notable that batik craftsmanships have been mostly maintained as similar tools and techniques are persistently being used until today in both countries. Significant progress was observed in the design and stylization of the batik design with the use of digital approaches such as fractal geometry. Similar challenging problems faced by both nations were highlighted and clustered into internal and external issues. It was concluded that assimilations of Third Industrial Revolution technology (IR3.0) primarily centered on the use of computer-aided design and computer-aided manufacturing to improve existing batik production. Emerging studies have shown the positive impact of integrating Fourth Industrial Revolution (IR4.0) technology such as augmented reality (AR) in promoting batik knowledge and transmitting batik as an intangible cultural heritage. The transmission of batik skills to the young generation has been a persistent problem. Thus, a brief framework was proposed to exemplify how IR4.0 technology can innovatively be used to transmit the batik skills via education platform.

Role of Centella asiatica and ceramide in skin barrier improvement: a double blind clinical trial of Indonesian batik workers.

Batik dyes contain irritant chemicals that increase the risk of skin barrier disruption. This study aims to determine the effect of Centella asiatica and ceramide in transepidermal water loss (TEWL), hydration of the stratum corneum and skin acidity (pH). This was a double blind clinical trial of 30 Indonesian batik workers who suffered from skin dryness, but had no clinical manifestation of contact dermatitis. Subjects were given cream containing C. asiatica or ceramide that formulated and randomly labeled by manufacturer (PT Paragon Technology and Innovation). Both subjects and researchers were blinded to the type of the cream. Cream was applied to the hands and arms twice a day. Biological function of the skin (TEWL, stratum corneum hydration level, and skin acidity) was examined by Cutometer dual MP-580. Baseline was recorded in the first examination, followed by second and third examinations at two and four weeks after treatment. After four weeks treatment, there were significant improvement of C. asiatica application in evaluation of corneometer palmar (p=0.007; CI 95%), corneometer dorsum (p=0.001; CI 95%), and skin acidity dorsum (p=0.017; CI 95%). Ceramide application also gave significant improvement of corneometer palmar (0.038; CI 95%), skin acidity palmar (p=0.001; CI 95%), TEWL dorsum (p=0.023; CI 95%), corneometer dorsum (p=0.002; CI 95%) and skin acidity dorsum (p=0.011; CI 95%). There were no significant differences of C. asiatica effectiveness compared to ceramide in skin barrier improvement. C. asiatica and ceramide can improve skin barrier hydration in order to prevent the risk of contact dermatitis in batik workers.

Malaysian and Indonesian Batik: The Best Practices

Malaysian artisans continue to produce crafts and visual art based on a well-tried formula: an inherited framework determined by tradition. However, new ideas and expressions are constantly being developed—with the only real limit being the imagination of the artist/craftsman. Batik sits uniquely in Indonesian culture as it has been declared by the United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organisation (UNESCO) as its cultural heritage and has been awarded ‘Best Practice’ in its education and production of batik (Kepres, 2009). Indonesia also celebrates its National Batik Day on October 2nd every year. The word batik in Malaysia generally describes the process of decorating cloth using the block printing (cap) or hand-drawn (canting) techniques, or a combination of both. The method of dyeing and coloring varies with the use of materials of various textures, such as cotton, silk, rayon and organza. It may also be identified by the range of traditional designs and motifs used. Batik has become a symbol of national pride and a form of attire for all races. Batik is ingrained in Malaysian culture. Indonesia is aggressive in its efforts in promoting batik as a national identity. The love for batik is instilled through batik-related subjects offered at primary and secondary school levels. In Malaysia, education about batik is introduced at the secondary level.
 Keywords: Malaysian and Indonesian batik, best practices

The Influence Of Production Factors On Productivity In Batik SME’s In Malang Raya

Productivity is one of the benchmarks to find out the number of products or services produced by a business with various inputs used. Small and Medium Enterprises (SME’s) Batik in Malang Raya is relatively new, developing compared to the centers of Indonesian batik, especially in Central Java. In Small and Medium Enterprises specifically batik that is needed traditionally as a result of local wisdom in Malang Raya, it is necessary to review the factors of production that increase productivity. By knowing these decisive factors, it is expected to provide input especially to SME managers to be able to increase the factors that still need to be driven in order to increase productivity. By using the Multiple Linear Regression method, the influence of 9 factors of production, namely human resources, raw materials, machinery, methods, capital, markets, technology, time, and information, is sought for productivity factors. As a result, 7 production factors affect the productivity of traditional batik in Malang. The 7 determining factors are human resources, machinery, methods, capital, technology, time, and information.

The Role of Aloe vera and Centella asiatica to the Improvement of Skin Barrier Function in Indonesian Batik Workers

Background: The batik industry uses dyes and candles, that can disrupt the skin barrier function and may precipitate skin disease. Objective: To determine the role of Aloe vera and Centella asiatica to the improvement of the skin barrier function in Indonesian batik workersMethods: This was a double blind clinical trial of 30 Indonesian batik workers were divided into 2 group and given Aloe vera or Centella asiatica topical randomly was applied twice a day. Transepidermal water loss (TEWL) level, stratum corneum hydration level, and pH level, were examined using Cutometer dual MP-580. Result: Sensitivity (Sn) of new local compared with imported allergen extracts in this study was between 15.38%-84.61%, the highest point was house dust mite extract. Specificity (Sp) was ranged from 81.48%-93.75%, the highest rank was shrimp extract. Compared with IgE results, the Sn of new local and imported house dust mite extracts was good (85.7%; 92.9%). The Sp was good for egg white and cow’s milk new local extracts (86.4%; 84.4%). Conclusion: Aloe vera topical gave significant improvement on palm area of TEWL level (P=0.033; CI 95%), stratum corneum hydration (P=0.000; CI 95%), and pH level (P=0.004; CI 95%); while on dorsal hand area of stratum corneum hydration (P=0.002; CI 95%). Centella asiatica topical gave significant improvement on palm area of stratum corneum hydration (P=0.007; CI 95%); while on dorsal hand area of stratum corneum hydration (P=0.001; CI 95%) and pH level (P=0.17; CI 95%). No significant differences of Aloe vera compared to Centella asiatica in the improvement of skin barrier function.

Rolla Batik Home Industry at the Patrang District Jember Regency in 2010-2018

UNESCO designated Indonesian batik as a Masterpiece of the Oral and Intangible Heritage of Humanity on October 2, 2009. Since then the Indonesian batik industry has grown rapidly, including in Jember Regency, East Java, one of which is the Rolla batik home industry. Jember Regency has a typical local batik with tobacco motifs. The research objective was to examine the background of standing and dynamics of the Rolla batik home industry. The research method uses historical methods, namely heuristics, verification, interpretation, and historiography. Rolla batik home industry was established due to several factors, namely to help neighbors; preserving and introducing batik; continue the family business in the form of tobacco-patterned batik; increase family income; and visualizing Jember’s identity in batik cloth. Rolla batik home industry has a unique one product one design and the Jember Fashion Carnaval mask batik motif. Industry dynamics that can be seen from capital, labor, equipment and materials, manufacturing technology, production results, promotion and marketing, reasons for purchasing products, consumer tastes, and product packaging. Rolla batik home industry was established because of the socio-economic factors of society, culture, family, family economy, and physical geography, while the dynamics were seen from its production, distribution and consumption.

Challenges, Open Innovation, and Engagement Theory at Craft SMEs: Evidence from Indonesian Batik

Indonesian batik small and medium enterprises (SMEs) are rapidly growing, but they face many challenges in developing their business. For this reason, we propose a combination of open innovation and engagement theory to overcome these challenges. We conducted interviews with 27 local government officers (external stakeholder) and 57 managers of batik SMEs (internal stakeholder). We confirmed the interview results with 20 batik experts and representatives from the Indonesian Ministry of Industry in the Focus Group Discussion. We have divided the findings of this study into two categories: Java and outside of Java, since the two areas have different characteristics. According to our findings, the biggest challenge of batik SMEs in Java is the emergence of the batik printing business. Meanwhile, batik SMEs outside of Java are having difficulty obtaining raw materials. Open innovation has been implemented by some batik SMEs in Indonesia and can improve their business performance. However, more batik SMEs do not implement open innovation due to the lack of their skills and involvement of other stakeholders. As a result, we suggest that open innovation in the Indonesian batik industry needs to be supported by the participation of various parties or that open innovation is combined with engagement theory.

Indonesia of Batik Trusmi MSMEs: The Effect of User Technology Capability on Individual Performance with the Accounting Information Systems Effectiveness

The purpose of this study was to obtain empirical evidence of the effect of user technology capability on individual performance in Indonesian Batik Micro, Small, and Medium Enterprises (MSMEs); and to obtain empirical evidence the accounting information systems effectiveness moderates the effect of user technology capability on individual performance in Batik MSMEs. This study used an associative quantitative method that states the relationship of two or more variables. The data source used in this study is the primary data source in the form of a questionnaire filled by employees of Batik Trusmi MSMEs as unit analysis. The data analysis technique used in this study uses the analysis of Moderated Regression Analysis (MRA). The study result indicated that user technology capability has a positive on individual performance in Batik Trusmi MSMEs and the accounting information systems effectiveness proven to moderate the effect of user technology capability on individual performance in Batik Trusmi MSMEs. Therefore, the technical ability of individuals as users of information systems plays an important role in the development of information systems in order to produce the best information for making accurate planning reports so it will improve of MSMEs for the better performance.

나이지리아 아디르와 인도네시아 바틱의 비교 분석 및 경제적 중요성

직물에 패턴을 만드는 나이지리아의 아디르와 인도네시아의 바틱 기술은 오랜 문화 및 창의적 활동이다. 더욱이, 직물의 모티프는 사람들의 뚜렷한 사회적, 종교적, 영적, 의식적, 직업적, 장식적 특성을 아름답게 미화하며 상징한다. 결과적으로 아디르와 바틱의 디자인 및 생산은 양국 개발에 수반되는 경제적 중요성과 함께 예술 공예 산업, 관광 부문 및 창조 경제에서 매우 큰 중요성을 가지고 있다. 이 논문은 공통점과 차이점을 파악하기 위해 디자인을 만들고 아디르와 바틱을 만드는 과정을 비교 분석하는데 중점을 두었다. 보다 자세히는 관광 부문의 프리즘과 창조 경제를 통해 나이지리아와 인도네시아의 예술 공예품의 경제적 중요성을 평가하고 그들의 디자인과 생산을 향상시키는 방법을 제안하였다. 이 연구에서 채택한 방법론은 본질적 비교 및 법률 문서와 같은 1차 자료와 저널 기사와 같은 2 차 자료를 변증 법적으로 분석하였다. 또한, 사진, 데이터, 학술 출판물 등을 비판적으로 검토하여 아디르와 바틱의 디자인 제작 및 제작 과정에서 많은 공통점을 가지고 있음을 강조하였다. 이 논문은 두 직물의 차이점을 강조하면서 디자인과 생산을 개선하기 위해 유사한 조치가 권장 될 수 있다고 평가한다. 따라서 현재 세계화되고 디지털화 된 사회의 특성을 감안할 때, 아디르와 바틱을 디자인하고 생산하는 현대적인 방법을 도입하는 것이 필수적이라 지적하였다. 또한, 본 논문은 나이지리아와 인도네시아 정부가 민간 부문 투자를 위한 우호적인 환경을 조성하고 있으며 직물의 디자인과 제작에 참여하는 등 중요한 역할을 한다는 점을 관찰하였다. 이는 우호적인 조세 제도 등을 도입함으로써 가능해진다. 또한 양국의 농촌 지역에 전력 공급 및 인터넷 시설 확장과 같은 다른 인프라 개발 프로젝트에 참여하면 아디르와 바틱의 설계 및 생산을 강화할 수 있다. 마지막으로, 세계화되고 디지털화 된 세계에서 현대 기술을 사용한 아디르 및 바틱의 마케팅을 촉진하기 위한 추가 연구의 필요성도 강조하고 있다.

ONLINE CONSUMER ANALYSIS OF INDONESIAN TRADITIONAL BATIK PRODUCTS

This study aims to understand website user behavior and online shopping behavior intentions through website facilities and to address the problems of Indonesian traditional batik SMEs in carrying out online marketing. Web services are seen from the security, navigation capabilities, and visual appeal of the website. The study was conducted on 150 students and 96 SME batik owners who have positioned themselves as potential consumers. The respondents were asked to visit the Legendabatik.com website and then answer the questionnaire in the google form. The results found that all website facilities have a positive effect on intention to use, only visual appeal has a direct positive effect on online behavioral intentions, while intention to use has a strong positive influence on online behavioral intentions. So website management needs to prioritize the visual appeal to increase online shopping behavior intention

The water use for batik production by batik SMEs in Jarum Village, Klaten Regency, Indonesia: What are the key factors?

The Indonesian batik is a potential product to support the economy of Indonesia. In spite of its potential in supporting the economy of Indonesia, the water pollution caused by batik production by Small & Mediuam Enterprises (SMEs) needs to be addressed, as it leads to water scarcity since the batik production tends to consume a huge quantity of water. This research was conducted to identify key factors that influence water use for batik production among batik craftsmen, and explain those factors using the concept of circular economy. This study was conducted using qualitative method through focus group discussion (FGD) and in-depth interview as data collection strategies and quantitative data collected as secondary data. Our study found that some practices of the batik craftsmen have shown to fit to the circular cycle, although the dischargement of wastewater into waterways still fits to the linear model. Using secondary data, the direct water use for batik production were varies from 3.33 L/pc to 235 L/pc, depending on the craftsmen. If water footprint approach is to be used, the water use will be much higher. Finally, four key factors affecting the water use are discussed in this study and efforts that can be proposed to reduce the ratio water/product as well as maintaining water as a resource, as indicated by circular economy.

Science Batik Ciwaringin: The Implementation of Ethno-STEM PjBL Model in learning Biotechnology at PGSD Students

Indonesian batik has been awarded by UNESCO as one of the world’s non-object cultural heritages. And this is a challenge for young generation on how to preserve this culture. The purpose of this research is to implement Biotechnology learning through the Ethno-STEM PJBL model for PGSD students and produce sains batik, so it can triggger the young generation to preserve it. This learning model is a project based learning in analyzing several natural materials as natural dyes for batik, dye-making techniques that are integrated into the concept of biotechnology, and producing a product designed by the students. This research method is R&D research. It has 3 steps: (1) Define; (2) Design Development; and (3) Disseminate. The instruments used in this research are product validation sheets, assessment rubric products on the designs, colors, and symbolic value. Data were analyzed descriptive qualitative and descriptive statistics. The finding of the research showed that the products of sains batik validatated, one of which is “piperidine seribu daun” has a a secondary metabolite content of the mango combined with the design of thousand of leaves, the special Ciwaringin batik. It has a meaning of togetherness to preserve the environment for manga as local plant of Cirebon. The conclusion from this research is that students not only learn the concept of biotechnology but also they can develop Ciwaringin batik. The implication of this research is that it can stimulate the young generation to take a part in preserving and developing the Indonesian batik industry.

Android-based 3D Digital Story Telling development for learning batik

This study aims to design an android-based 3D Digital Story Telling application that is used to introduce the philosophical value of batik motifs. This application development integrates 3D technology with marker-based Augmented Reality (AR). This marker will later act as a detection tool to display visual objects in 3D or video. The design of the 3D Digital Story Telling application can provide more real and more complete information about the philosophical value of batik which is depicted in the batik motif which is the object of visualization. This application can provide a more complete picture of the various local wisdom values of Indonesian Batik.

Digital Marketing for Acceleration of Indonesian Batik Export in the Global Pandemic of COVID-19

This study is aimed at determining the attitudes of Indonesian batik craftsmen and entrepreneurs in relation to economic stagnancy throughout Covid-19 pandemic. Indonesia has dominated batik market and has become its economic driver both at the regional and national level before Covid-19 pandemic. On Friday (9/10/2020), the total infected people reached 36,4 milion around the world. Out Of that number, 1,06 milion people died, while 25,4 milion people recovered. Thus, currently there are 9,94 milion active cases of Covid-19. This condition has made economies around the world collapsed including batik industries in Indonesia. This research used an ethnographic approach with observation, interviews and document analysis as research instruments to collect the data. The findings identify attitudes of craftsmen and entrepreneurs of Batik in responding to Covid-19 pandemic. As commonly known that the pandemic has caused economic crisis where many large-scale businesses have stagnated even stopped their activities. However the Micro, Small and Medium Enterprises sector is more resilient in dealing with this. Thus, it needs a support from products and services of private and state-owned enterprises which have an important role in triggering economic growth in society especially for batik craftsmen. Keywords : digital marketing; export acceleration; global covid-19 pandemic; Indonesian batik entrepreneur DOI: 10.7176/ADS/90-01 Publication date: February 28 th 2021

The Tensions On The Protection Of Local-Traditional Indonesian Batik

Batik artwork has been known for hundreds of years and has become part of the culture of Indonesian society. Some batik motifs in Indonesia have philosophical values and are part of traditional traditional ceremony activities. Along with the times, the creativity of batik artists has become varied even though ancient traditional motifs are still mass produced and used as inspiration. This research examines the legal protection for traditional batik in order to avoid the abuse of rights by certain parties who merely exploit it in order to benefit from the existence of traditional batik works. The formulation of the problem that will be examined in this research is whether traditional batik gets legal protection under the copyright regime in Indonesia? Are there any legal safeguards at the international level for traditional Indonesian batik works? In answering this problem formulation will use a conceptual approach and a statutory approach. This research is a legal research that will examine existing legal concepts and related legal rules in solving legal problems related to the protection of traditional batik.