Indonesian Demographic And Health Survey Research Articles

Low birth weight (LBW) classification with SMOTE (Synthetic Minority Over-sampling Technique) random forest

Low birth weight (LBW) is defined as a condition where the birth weight is less than 2500 grams. Infants born with LBW conditions are more susceptible to disease and have a higher risk of dying at an early age. LBW conditions that are prone to unbalanced data can be classified using the Synthetic Minority Oversampling Technique (SMOTE) random forest method. The analysis was processed on the 2017 Indonesian Demographic and Health Survey (IDHS) data to identify important variables in predicting the incidence of LBW. The results showed that the SMOTE random forest model provided an accuracy value of 79.84%, sensitivity of 30.99%, specificity of 83.6%, and AUC of 62%. Important variables in predicting the incidence of LBW were the number of antenatal care visits, wealth quantile, maternal age at delivery, iron supplementation, marital status, and twins’ birth.

Hubungan Sumber Air Bersih, Kepadatan Hunian, dan Daerah Tempat Tinggal dengan Kejadian Diare pada Balita di Indonesia

Diarrhea is an endemic disease in Indonesia, and is often associated with high mortality rates, especially among infants and children. Diarrhea is the second leading cause of death among toddlers worldwide and directly contributes to malnutrition in toddlers. According to the Indonesian Health Profile in 2021, the mortality rate of toddlers due to diarrhea in Indonesia was recorded 10.3%. Poor sanitation is one of the determinants of diarrhea incidence in toddlers. Access to clean water supply and accupancy density are important aspects of household sanitation, while the geographical location, whether rural or urban, can also influence the environmental sanitation conditions. The objective of this study was to investigate the relationship between clean water supply, occupancy density, and geographical location with the incidence of diarrhea among toddlers in Indonesia. This study used secondary data from the Indonesian Demographic and Health Survey (IDHS) in 2017. Data were analyzed using the Pearson Chi-square statistical test with a significance level of α = 0.05. The results showed a significant relationship between clean water supply (p=0.014) and geographical location (p=0.001) with the incidence of diarrhea among toddlers. However, there was no significant relationship between occupancy density and the incidence of diarrhea among toddlers (p=0.199). In conclusion, inadequate sources of clean water and living in rural areas contribute to the incidence of diarrhea in toddlers. The government is strongly recommended to improve the quality of clean water sources and increase public knowledge regarding drinking water treatment to prevent diarrhea in toddlers, especially in rural areas.

Men's determinant factors on antenatal care involvement and childbirth place preference in Indonesia: An analysis of the 2012 Indonesia Demographic and Health Survey (IDHS).

This study aimed to describe the determinant factors of men's involvement in antenatal care and childbirth place preference in Indonesia. Secondary data from the 2012 Indonesia Demographic and Health Survey was used to identify factors determining men's presence during antenatal care and childbirth place preference. All factors were analyzed utilizing bivariate and multivariate logistic regression. Men living in urban areas, having a sufficient economy, having higher educational levels, and having more interaction with mass media were more likely present during the antenatal care of their wives. Men in Sulawesi and Maluku showed lower involvement in accompanying wives during antenatal care than those in Papua. In terms of delivery place preference, men in age 15-19 and 35-49 years, living in urban areas, having a more stable economy, reading newspapers or magazines as well as watching television at least once a week, and living in Java and Nusa Tenggara, were more likely having wife giving birth in healthcare facilities. Type of residence, economic situations, lower educational level, and fewer interactions with mass media and electronics are essential barriers to men's involvement in wives' antenatal care visits and childbirth place preference in Indonesia. Particular attention should be put to Sulawesi and Maluku to enforce the men and women as those islands underutilized antenatal care services and health facilities for childbirth.

ADOLESCENT KNOWLEDGE AND PERCEPTION OF HIV/ AIDS STIGMATIZATION IN THE INDONESIAN CONTEXT

Background: Stigmatization of People Living with HIV/AIDS (PLWHA) among adolescents today has become a significant barrier to preventing the increase of HIV/AIDS cases, including understanding those at risk and PLWHA themselves. Adolescents' knowledge and perceptions about PLWHA significantly influence HIV/AIDS stigma, given that adolescence signifies a phase of profound biological, psychological, and social transition. Objective: This research aims to determine the correlation between knowledge and perception of the stigma against people living with HIV/AIDS. Methods: This study utilizes secondary data from the Indonesian Demographic and Health Survey (IDHS) 2017, analyzed using a cross-sectional method. The sample consisted of 14,270 adolescents in Indonesia aged 15 to 24 years. The study employed questionnaires on HIV/AIDS knowledge, perception towards PLWHA, and stigma towards PLWHA. Data analysis was conducted using univariate analysis to observe frequency distribution and bivariate analysis with a chi-square test to examine the relationship between two variables. Results: The research results indicate a significant correlation between adolescents' knowledge and stigma towards PLWHA at 0.00 (p<0.05), as well as a significant correlation between adolescents' perception and stigma towards people with HIV/AIDS at 0.00 (p<0.05). Conclusion: Prevention efforts through education and comprehensive approaches in delivering health information in a way that is well-received by adolescents can be presented innovatively.

Factors contributing to socio-economic inequality in utilization of caesarean section delivery among women in Indonesia: Evidence from Demographic and Health Survey.

Most of the existing literature in developing countries focused on either the rising trend of CS or its determinants. There is a paucity of population-based studies on existing socioeconomic inequalities in availing CS services by women in Indonesia. This study aimed to assess the factors associated with caesarian section (CS) delivery and explore the various factors contributing to inequalities in CS delivery rates in Indonesia. The study utilized nationally representative cross-sectional data from the Indonesia Demographic and Health Survey (IDHS), 2017. We conducted multivariable logistic regression to find the factors associated with CS delivery. Concentration index and Wagstaff's decomposition analysis were used to examine the socioeconomic inequalities in CS delivery among women and associated factors. About 17% of women in Indonesia delivered babies through CS. A concentration index of 0.31 in CS delivery rate showed a higher CS delivery rate among women belonging to rich households. About 44.7% of socioeconomic status inequality in CS delivery was explained by educational status among women who went for CS delivery. Women's place of residence explained 30.1% of socioeconomic inequality, and women's age at first birth explained about 11.9% and reporting ANC visits explained 8.4% of the observed inequality. Highest socioeconomic inequality was witnessed in central Sulawesi (0.529), followed by Maluku (0.488) and West Kalimantan (0.457), whereas the lowest was recorded in Yogyakarta (0.021) followed by north Sulawesi (0.047) and east Kalimantan (0.171). Education (44.7%) followed by rural-urban place of residence (30.1%) and age of first birth (11.9%) contributed most to explain the gap in CS delivery among rich and poor women. The study highlighted the higher CS delivery rates among women from higher socioeconomic groups and thus, it is important to frame policies after identifying the population subgroups with potential underuse or overuse of CS method of delivery.

Rendahnya Skor Methods Information Index (MII) dan Faktor-Faktor Terkait: Analisis Survei Demografi dan Kesehatan Indonesia (SDKI) 2012 dan 2017

Informed choice memastikan bahwa pilihan kontrasepsi modern diputuskan perempuan setelah menerima informasi lengkap tentang metode kontrasepsi yang tersedia. Indeks informasi yang disebut Methods Information Index (MII) mengukur tiga elemen, yaitu efek samping masing-masing metode, kemana harus berobat jika efek samping muncul, dan perlu berganti ke kontrasepsi mana. Pemberian informasi lengkap tentang ketiga elemen MII merupakan pemenuhan etika dan hak-hak reproduksi perempuan. Penelitian ini menyajikan temuan rendahnya skoring MII di Indonesia, cermin dari tinggginya persentase perempuan pengguna kontrasepsi yang tidak menerima informasi lengkap dan faktor-faktor terkait. Sebanyak 45.607 dan 49.627 perempuan usia 15-49 tahun yang tercakup dalam Survei Demografi dan Kesehatan Indonesia (SDKI) tahun 2012 dan 2017 yang menjadi sampel. Data dianalisis menggunakan statistik regresi logistik yang memperlihatkan korelasi antara skoring MII dengan variabel bebas. Variabel bebas terdiri dari usia perempuan menikah 25 tahun ke atas, tingkat pendidikan menengah ke atas, akses pelayanan KB di bidan dan fasilitas kesehatan, serta pengguna metode IUD terkait dengan peluang lebih besar untuk menerima informasi MII lengkap. Proporsi perempuan penerima informasi MII lengkap adalah 24,60% (2012) dan 28,65% (2017). Lebih dari 70% perempuan pengguna kontrasepsi modern belum mendapatkan informasi MII lengkap. Perlu diupayakan agar program keluarga berencana memonitor peningkatan skoring indeks MII untuk memastikan perempuan pengguna kontrasepsi Indonesia terpenuhi haknya untuk mendapatkan informasi MII lengkap.

Determinants of National Health Insurance Membership among Indonesian Women with Live Births

According to WHO statistics, the maternal mortality rate (MMR) in developed countries is estimated at 12/100,000 live births, while in Low and Middle-income countries (LMICs) is 239/100,000 live births. Whilst 99% of all maternal deaths were estimated to occur in LMICs, even though the causes of death can be prevented with the right policies considering that one of the goals of the Sustainable Development Goals is to reduce MMR. Access to the maternal health care (MHC) is the main technique to reduce maternal morbidity and mortality. The study evaluated the factors that influence Indonesia’s national health insurance ownership, Jaminan Kesehatan Nasional (JKN), among women who utilize MHC in Indonesia.
 Methods: We used data from the 2017 Indonesia Demographic and Health Survey (IDHS) on women with live births (n=5429) in 2016-2017. We conducted analyses at the national level using descriptive statistics and logistic regression through RStudio software
 Results: Out of 5717 samples, 61.4% were insured by JKN and 38.6% were uninsured. Women in white-collar employment were 2.37 times (95%s CI = 1.77-2.59) more likely to be insured by JKN, and those living in urban areas had a 1.39 (95% CI = 1.18-1.44) higher chance of being enrolled in JKN.
 Conclusion: The study concluded that employment status and place of residence were significant determinants of health insurance ownership in Indonesia.

Determinan kematian neonatal di Kabupaten Sintang Kalimantan Barat tahun 2022

Background: neonatal mortality is an indicator to take a look at the degree of public health because health progress is seen from the seriousness of all elements of society in reducing neonatal mortality. 2017 Indonesian Demographic and Health Survey (IDHS) showed that 15/1,000 live births occurred during the neonatal period. This research was conducted to analyze the determinants of neonatal mortality in the Sintang district in 2022.Objective: to analyze what are the determinants that affect neonatal mortality in Sintang District, West Kalimantan 2022.Methods: mix method research with sequential explanatory design. Beginning with a descriptive quantitative research design by looking at medical record data, followed by qualitative research in the form of in-depth interviews. which combines quantitative and qualitative. Quantitative research samples totaled 52 cases and qualitative samples totaled 11 informants. Research time October to November 2022.Results: the quantitative results of the near determinant of neonatal mortality were asphyxia at 44.2% and premature at 19.2%, the intermediate determinant was due to maternal age at 61.5%, and gestational age at 53.8%, the determinant of distance was due to ANC examination 36.5% and the distance house 30.8%. The qualitative results of the determinants of distance are irregular ANC, delivery assistance by non-medical personnel, place of delivery without health facilities, and distance from home to health facilities, intermediate determinants are the age of at-risk mothers, high parity, a distance of at-risk pregnancies and complications of pregnancy and childbirth, determinants of near-death neonatal are asphyxia, premature and pneumonia.Conclusion: causes of neonatal mortality in Sintang District occur from close determinants (asphyxia and premature), intermediate determinants (age of mother and gestation), and distant determinants (ANC examination and distance from home).

GENERALIZED CONFIRMATORY FACTOR ANALYSIS FOR KNOWING IMPACT OF KNOWLEDGE, ATTITUDES, AND BEHAVIORAL FACTORS HIV/AIDS IN INDONESIA

The cumulative number of detected HIV/AIDS cases in the January – March 2021 period is 9,327, consisting of 7,650 HIV and 1,677 AIDS reported by 498 districts and cities from 514 districts and cities in Indonesia. Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) is the virus that causes Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome (AIDS). Several factors that influence the spread of HIV/AIDS include knowledge, attitudes and behavior about HIV/AIDS. Someone who gains knowledge about HIV/AIDS will have high self-confidence and a positive outlook on life and be more optimistic in taking HIV/AIDS prevention actions. The main objective of this study is to determine the influence of external factors which include demographic, social and economic aspects, as well as internal factors which include knowledge, attitudes and behavior to the level of transmission of HIV/AIDS. By using the CFA approach, it can be seen which indicators have the greatest influence on the latent variables of knowledge, attitudes, and behavior or called loading factors. The data used is secondary data from a 5-year survey from the Central Statistics Agency, namely the 2017 Indonesian Demographic and Health Survey (IDHS) published at the end of 2018. The CFA results show that the P11 variable (about known infections) has the largest loading factor value, which is 0.613 in the variable. . hidden. knowledge. In the latent variable of attitude, the S1 variable (about identifying how the respondent knows someone is infected with HIV-AIDS) has the largest loading factor value of 0.514. While the behavioral latent variable, the variable R8 (whether men have been infected with sexually transmitted diseases (STI) with symptoms) has the largest loading factor value, which is 0.954.

PREDICTORS OF EARLY INITIATION OF BREASTFEEDING (EIBF) IN SULAWESI ISLAND: A POPULATION-BASED STUDY

Background: Early initiation of breastfeeding (EIBF) is pivotal to the success of exclusive breastfeeding and plays an important role not only in reducing infection-related neonatal mortality but also in providing protection in the next period of life. Purpose: This study aims to identify predictive factors of early breastfeeding practices on Sulawesi Island. Methods: A cross-sectional study based on population by using data from the Indonesia Demographic and Health Surveys (IDHS) in 2017 was conducted on 1,040 women who had given live birth in 6 provinces on Sulawesi Island. The analysis used bivariate and multivariate logistic regression with predictive models for complex sample design, adjusted for confounders to examine the relationship of EIBF with independent variables. Results: The study showed that 50.58% of women practiced EIBF on Sulawesi Island. Significantly, and adjusted for confounder, it found the predictive factors of EIBF practice consecutively, singleton birth being the factor with the highest association value (aOR:11.35, 95%CI (0.00-0.07)), skin-to-skin contact (aOR:3.05,95%CI (2.22–4.21)), normal delivery (aOR:2.94, 95%CI (1.94–4.45)) and delivery accompanied by family (aOR: 1.68,95% CI (1.06–2.67)) and parity factor >1 (aOR: 1.52,95% CI (1.10–2.10)). Conclusion: The fulfillment of education related to the urgency of implementing EIBF to pregnant women and their families as a support system as well as the application of standard operating procedure for EIBF for all types of deliveries in health facilities is vital to support the successful implementation of EIBF.

The Relation Between Breast Care And The Incidence Of Breast Milk Dams (Engorgement) In Postpartum Mothers

Breastfeeding is a natural event that occurs after childbirth for a woman which is beneficial for both mother and baby. Breastfeeding problems that can occur during the puerperium or lactation are breast engorgement or also called breast milk dams. Breast milk dams occur due to superior lactiferous ducts or glands that are not emptied completely, lack of information and services provided regarding breast care. Based on the 2017 Indonesian Demographic and Health Survey (IDHS) data, it was stated that there were 77,231 postpartum mothers who experienced breastfeeding dams or (37.12%) postpartum mothers. The purpose of this study was to determine the relationship between breast care and the incidence of breastfeeding dams in postpartum mothers at the Pratama Nining Pelawati Clinic, Kec. Lubuk Pakam Kab. Deli Serdang in 2022. Research Methods The type of research used is descriptive analytical using the Cross Sectional method, which is a method of collecting data at the same time. The population of this study found 41 postpartum mothers. The sample in this questionnaire was collected by 37 postpartum mothers using the purposive technique. Data analysis using Chi-Square test. The results of the study of 37 respondents, most of whom had poor breast care were 26 people (70.3%) postpartum mothers, the majority of postpartum mothers who experienced breastfeeding were 24 people (64.9%). There is a relationship between breast care and the incidence of breast milk engorgement for postpartum mothers, obtained p-value 0.003 <0.05. Postpartum mothers already know about information about breast care, it is hoped that postpartum mothers will also be more diligent in carrying out breast care after giving birth and postpartum mothers will add more insight and knowledge about breast care to prevent breast milk damming.

Progress in Reducing Indoor Tobacco Smoke Pollution Toward the Establishment of Kabupaten/Kota Layak Anak: Evidence From the 2012 and 2017 Indonesia Demographic and Health Surveys

In 2017, only about 26.68 percent of Indonesian households were smoke-free. Previous research established a relationship between the health of children under five and indoor tobacco smoke pollution. According to Presidential Regulation 25 of 2021, some indicators that should be met for establishing a child-friendly city/ regency (KLA) are the child's rights to health and family environment. Data from the Indonesia Demographic and Health Surveys (IDHS) 2012 and 2017 assessed progress toward smoke-free homes by evaluating the interaction between child age and indoor tobacco smoking at the urban-rural area and regional levels. T-test analysis was used to determine the statistical significance. Findings revealed a higher prevalence of indoor tobacco smoking in rural areas. Over time, the prevalence of indoor tobacco smoking in Indonesian rural areas decreased by 0.84 percent. There was no significant reduction in Kalimantan, Nusa Tenggara, or Maluku-Papua. Furthermore, Sulawesi experienced a significant increase of approximately 4.54 percent. From 2012 to 2017, the prevalence of indoor tobacco smoking was higher in households with children under five, home crowding, poor households, and households with a low education household head. Therefore, interventions should focus on rural areas. City/regency governments in Sulawesi, Kalimantan, Nusa Tenggara, and Maluku-Papua should be more concerned about indoor tobacco smoke pollution. Raising family awareness about the dangers of indoor tobacco smoke pollution could be targeted at households with children under the age of five, overcrowded households, low-income households, and households with a low-education household head.

The choice of delivery place in Indonesia: Does home residential status matter?

BackgroundTo care for their health needs, women in Indonesia who live with their parents or in-laws frequently lose their independence, including the choice of delivery place. AimThe study aimed to analyze the effect of home residential status on the choice of delivery place in Indonesia. MethodsThe study design was a cross-sectional study. The study employed secondary data from 2017 Indonesian Demographic and Health Survey (IDHS). The research included 15,357 women aged 15–49 with live births in the last five years. Meanwhile, the study used place of delivery as an outcome variable and home residential status as an exposure variable. Moreover, the research employed nine control variables: type of residence, age group, education level, employment status, marital status, parity, wealth status, health insurance, and antenatal care visits—the final analysis using binary logistic regression. FindingsThe result shows that women with home residential status in the alone category were 1.248 times more likely than those in the joint category to choose to give birth to healthcare facilities (AOR 1.248; 95% CI 1.143–1.361). In addition to home residential status, the study also found seven control variables to have a relationship with the choice of place of delivery. The seven control variables were the type of residence, age group, education level, parity, wealth status, health insurance, and antenatal care. ConclusionThe study concluded that home residential status affects the choice of delivery place in Indonesia.

The Effect of Giving Aromatherapy of Roseson Reducing Pain Intensity Delivery In The 1st Time it PMB Umi Salamah In 2022

The maternal mortality rate (MMR) in Indonesia related to pregnancy, childbirth and the puerperium is still high, although on the other hand there has been a decrease from 359 per 100,000 live births (KH) in the 2016 Indonesian Demographic and Health Survey (IDHS) to 273 per 100,000 KH in 2018.The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of giving rose aromatherapy to reducing the intensity of labor pain in the first stage of labor at PMB Umi in 2022 The research method used is a quasi-experimental method with a one group pretest-posttest design approach. Univariate and bivariate research analysis using paired sample t-test statistical tests. The results of the analysis show that the t-test value is 6.08 and the p-value is 0.000 <α 0.05, which means that there has been a significant reduction in pain intensity in the first stage of labor before and after being given rose aromatherapy. And the results of the analysis of the paired sample test before and after giving rose aromatherapy, with a t-test value of 15.96, Sig. (2-tailed)/ p-value = 0.000 < α 0.05. It can be concluded that there is a significant influence between giving rose aromatherapy to reducing the intensity of labor pain in the 1st stage of labor at PMB Umi Salamah in 2022. Health workers can use aromatherapy as an alternative way of dealing with labor pain in the first stage of labor, providing adequate information to mothers about the delivery process so that mothers have proper preparation.
 

Healthcare-seeking behavior for children aged 0-59 months: Evidence from 2002-2017 Indonesia Demographic and Health Surveys.

Healthcare-seeking behavior for children is crucial for reducing disease severity. Such behavior can improve child health outcomes and prevent child morbidity and mortality. The present study sought to analyze the determinants of mothers' engagement in healthcare-seeking behavior for children with common childhood diseases, focusing on mothers of children aged 0-59 months in Indonesia. This cross-sectional study comprised a secondary data analysis using the 2002-2017 Indonesia Demographic and Health Survey (IDHS) databases. We included all women surveyed aged 15-49 years old who had children under five years of age. We weighted the univariate, bivariate, and multivariate logistic regression analysis of healthcare-seeking behavior for children aged 0-59 months. We analyzed data for 24,529 women whose children were under five years of age at the time of survey. Common diseases, such as diarrhea, fever, and acute respiratory infection (ARI) were the most frequently cited reasons for healthcare-seeking behavior. During 2002-2017, the proportion of mothers seeking healthcare for their children with diarrhea increased from 67.70% to 69.88%, that with fever increased from 61.48% to 71.64% and that ARI increased from 64.01% to 76.75%. Multivariate analysis revealed that child's age, child's birth order, mother's education, ability to meet expenses, distance to nearest healthcare facility, wealth index, place of residence, and region of residence, were significantly associated with healthcare-seeking behavior. Various individual and environmental-level factors influence healthcare-seeking behavior for childhood diseases. Available, accessible, and affordable health service facilities are recommended to assist socio-economically and geographically disadvantaged families.

DIFFERENCES IN ESTROGEN LEVELS BEFORE AND AFTER GIVING CALLANGGI TEA TO WISTAR STRAINING WHITE FEMALE RATS (RATTUS NORVEGICUS) IN MEDROXYPROGESTERONE ACETATE (DMPA) INDUCTION

Data from the 2017 Indonesian Demographic and Health Survey (IDHS) show that hormonal injection contraception has been the most common choice taken by women in more than 90 countries worldwide since 1967. Hormonal contraception uses essential ingredients from synthetic hormones used to regulate pregnancy. The 3-month injection KB (Depo-medroxprogestin acetate/DMPA) has the highest rating, 46.84%. DMPA thickens the cervical mucus, interfering with the ovulation process. The affects couples of childbearing age to get offspring quickly, causing stress where women often experience anxiety, depression, and prolonged fatigue that affect hormones and female reproductive organs. Midwifery care has been carried out by combining conventional and complementary midwifery services, which have become an essential part of midwifery practice. Decree of the Minister of Health Number 1109/Menkes/Per/IX/2007 concerning Alternative Complementary Medicine. Complementary is complementary, perfecting. Complementary therapy is carried out to complement conventional medical treatment and is rational, and does not conflict with health values ​​and laws in Indonesia. There are several methods of accelerating fertility recovery, one of which is using medicinal plants as an alternative, namely clover. The community widely uses clover for daily consumption. In this study, the method used as clover in a tea preparation is to be induced orally in female Wistar rats. Clover belongs to the water spike group, which contains isoflavones, antioxidants, and anti-inflammatories. The content of isoflavones in clover leaves can balance female hormones. The results of this research are beneficial for the development of science and technology, especially complementary therapy regarding the potential of clover as a natural ingredient that helps restore fertility

Analysis of Maternal Predisposing Factors with The Incidence of LBW in Central Java

Abstract. In Central Java, the prevalence of LBW (Low Birth Weight) has increased from 4.3 (2018) to 4.7 (2019) and be the biggest cause of neonatal mortality (46.4%) and infant mortality (40.5%). The aim of this research is to analyze the relationship between quality of ANC (Antenatal Care), iron supplementation, pregnancy complications, and maternal smoking status with LBW in Central Java. This research was an analytical study used secondary data from the 2017 IDHS (Indonesian Demographic and Health Survey). The sampling design used purposive sampling.Population study was 1205 babies born in Central Java. The sample comprised 952 babies. Independent variables were the quality of ANC, iron supplementation, pregnancy complications, and maternal smoking status, with the incidence of LBW as dependent variable. Data analysis was performed by chi-square continuity correction and logistic regression. Pregnancy complications have been associated with the incidences of LBW in Central Java (p-value = 0.0001). Iron supplementation (OR = 2.474) and pregnancy complications (OR = 4.869) had an effect on the incidence of LBW in Central Java. Iron supplementation and pregnancy complications influenced the incidence of LBW in Central Java.

Factors Associated with the Place of Delivery among Urban Poor Societies in Indonesia.

Pregnant women in urban poor societies are vulnerable groups. Due to low financial capacity, there are obstacles to accessing delivery in an institution for poor women in urban areas. The study analyses factors associated with the delivery place among pregnant women in urban poor society in Indonesia. The study analyzed secondary data from the 2017 Indonesian Demographic and Health Survey (IDHS). A total of 1,562 samples were childbearing-age women (15-49 years) who gave birth in an urban poor society in Indonesia in the last 5 years. The study examined some variables, such as delivery place, age, education, employment, marital status, parity, insurance, knowledge of pregnancy danger, antenatal care (ANC), the autonomy of health, and family finance autonomy. The study employed binary logistic regression in the final stage. The results show that age is associated with the place of delivery. The higher the education, the higher the possibility for delivery in an institution. Being employed and having partners are protective factors for women in institution delivery. The likelihood of giving birth in a medical facility decreases as more children are born alive. In addition, having health insurance, thorough ANC visits, knowledge of pregnancy danger symptoms, and health autonomy are protective factors for pregnant women having deliveries in medical facilities. On the contrary, pregnant women who rely solely on family financing have a higher chance of delivering in a medical facility. The study concluded that 10 variables were associated with pregnant women's delivery in Indonesia's urban poor society: age, education, employment, marital, parity, insurance, pregnancy danger knowledge, ANC, health autonomy, and family finance autonomy.

The relationship between husband support and husband's education level with fertility of women of childbearing age in East Nusa Tenggara Province, Indonesia.

Fertility is a contributor to the number of figures in the increase in population. The husband has a big role in the fertility process of his wife. The purpose of this study was to examine the relationship between the incidence of women of childbearing age fertility with husband support and the level of husband education in NTT Province. The design used in this study was cross-sectional. The data used is secondary data, which is sourced from the documentation of 2017 Indonesian Demographic and Health Survey (IDHS). The population of this study was all women of childbearing age in NTT Province in 2017, namely 2,223 women, and the sample used in this study was 323 women. Data analysis was carried out univariate and bivariate, using the Chi- Square Test. The results of the bivariate analysis were that there was no significant relationship between husband support and women of childbearing age fertility (pvalue= 0.219), and there was a significant relationship between the husband's education level and women of childbearing age fertility (p-value=0.006).

The use of Method Information Index (MII) to monitor the amount of information given to women users of modern contraceptives in Indonesia: results from an analysis of the 2007, 2012 and 2017 demographic and health surveys

BackgroundThe use of Method Information Index (MII) indicates whether women contraceptive users receive adequate information about all available contraceptive methods, side effects of the methods, and how to deal with the side effects if experienced—at method initiation.ObjectiveThis study aims to investigate the level of MII scores or the amount of information received by married women users of five modern contraceptives at the time of initiation and changes of its determinants based on the Indonesian Demographic and Health data between 2007 and 2017.MethodsData of married women who used most common five modern contraceptive methods (the pill, injectables, implants, IUD, and female sterilization), comprised of a total unweighted sample of 35,412 users out of the 32,895; 45,607 and 49,627 women aged 15–49 in the 2007, 2012, and 2017 Indonesian Demographic and Health Survey (IDHS), respectively. The Method Information Index (MII) scores were calculated based on responses to three questions (whether women were told about method‐specific side effects, advised what to do if they experienced them, and informed about other available methods). Multivariable logistic regressions with ‘time’ as an interaction variable were used to assess the influence of time upon the MII scores and its determinants.ResultsThe MII scores were 23.84% in 2007, 24.60% in 2012 and 28.65% in 2017. Obviously, over 70% of reproductive-age women contraceptive users were not receiving complete information about modern contraceptives at the time of initiation. After 5 years (2012), only living in the Java Bali region (AOR = 1.34, 95% CI 1.09–1.66) compared to living in other islands, and currently using injectables (AOR = 1.43, 95% CI 1.10–1.87) and currently using implants (AOR = 1.68, 95% CI 1.07–2.63) compared to currently using pills had significantly higher odds of receiving MII information. After 10 years (2017), only one variable (the ‘richest’ in the wealth quintile category (AOR = 0.70, 95% CI 0.50–0.99) compared to the ‘poorest’) still showed a significant association with receipt of complete MII information.ConclusionsDespite the fact that the MII scores increased gradually across the years, interaction with ‘survey time’ showed that the likelihood of receiving complete MII information was not statistically different in the 5 years (2007–2012) and in the 10 years (2007–2017) period from the reference category in 2007. The authors recommend use of the MII score as an objective measure to evaluate access to MII essential information and to monitor an increase in the informed population in Indonesia.