Concentrations Of Indolebutyric Acid Research Articles

Growth regulators and substrates for Oncidium baueri Lindl. micropropagation

An adequate concentration of growth regulators as well as the replacement of agar by an alternative medium may be promising from practical and financial points of view to produce orchid plants by micropropagation. The objective of this work was to evaluate different concentrations of growth regulator and alternative substrates for agar replacement in culture medium for in vitro multiplication and rooting of Oncidium baueri. In the explant multiplication phase, two experimental factors were evaluated- various concentrations of 6-benzylaminopurine (BAP) (0.0, 1.0, 2.0, and 3.0 mg L-1) and substrates (agar, vermiculite, and coconut fiber) added to MS medium. In the rooting phase, different concentrations of indole butyric acid (IBA) (0.0, 0.5, 1.0, and 1.5 mg L-1) were added to culture medium containing the same substrate. Six months after the experiments were initiated, the survival percentage, number of leaves, shoots, and roots and length of the aerial part and the major root were evaluated. The results suggested that addition of 1.0 mg L-1 BAP is necessary for the O. baueri in vitro multiplication phase, but IBA is not necessary in the rooting phase. For the substrate, vermiculite is not indicated as an agar replacement. In contrast, coconut fiber can be used in both multiplication and rooting phases of Oncidium baueri in vitro culture.

IMPROVEMENT OF SEEDLING ESTABLISHMENT OF WET SEEDED RICE USING GA3 AND IBA AS SEED TREATMENT

Direct seeding has some advantages compared to transplanting system in rice, however there are some constraints need to be addressed. One constraint generally faced in the wet seeded rice is poor stand establishment. The experiment was conducted to improve seedling establishment by using selected growth regulators. Seeds of four rice cultivars, i.e. Memberamo, Widas, MR 84, and MR 219 were treated with GA3 (gibberellic acid-3) of 25, 50, and 100 mg 1-1, and IBA (indole-3 butyric acid) of 10, 20, and 40 mg l-1. Results showed that cultivar response to GA3 was similar in all parameters observed, however the response of cultivars to IBA was different at the initial stage. In Indonesian cultivars (Memberamo and Widas), shoot length of IBA treated seedlings was comparable to the control, but the IBA treated seedlings of Malaysian cultivars (MR 84 and MR 219) had slightly shorter shoots compared to the control. GA3 as seed treatment induced favorable early emergence and shoot growth in the initial stage, but the shoots were etiolated and resulted in susceptible to lodging even in the vegetative stage. In comparison, exogenous application of IBA resulted in high number of adventitious roots contributing towards better establishment of seedling with broader and greener leaves. The growth regulator was lost its effect by 2 or 3 weeks after sowing. All IBA concentrations also did not show any significant differences on growth parameters or have any detrimental effect on grain yield in all cultivar tested. IBA 10 mg l-1 was sufficient in providing the required improvement in the rice seedlings.

IMPROVEMENT OF SEEDLING ESTABLISHMENT OF WET SEEDED RICE USING GA3 AND IBA AS SEED TREATMENT

Direct seeding has some advantages compared to transplanting system in rice, however there are some constraints need to be addressed. One constraint generally faced in the wet seeded rice is poor stand establishment. The experiment was conducted to improve seedling establishment by using selected growth regulators. Seeds of four rice cultivars, i.e. Memberamo, Widas, MR 84, and MR 219 were treated with GA3 (gibberellic acid-3) of 25, 50, and 100 mg 1-1, and IBA (indole-3 butyric acid) of 10, 20, and 40 mg l-1. Results showed that cultivar response to GA3 was similar in all parameters observed, however the response of cultivars to IBA was different at the initial stage. In Indonesian cultivars (Memberamo and Widas), shoot length of IBA treated seedlings was comparable to the control, but the IBA treated seedlings of Malaysian cultivars (MR 84 and MR 219) had slightly shorter shoots compared to the control. GA3 as seed treatment induced favorable early emergence and shoot growth in the initial stage, but the shoots were etiolated and resulted in susceptible to lodging even in the vegetative stage. In comparison, exogenous application of IBA resulted in high number of adventitious roots contributing towards better establishment of seedling with broader and greener leaves. The growth regulator was lost its effect by 2 or 3 weeks after sowing. All IBA concentrations also did not show any significant differences on growth parameters or have any detrimental effect on grain yield in all cultivar tested. IBA 10 mg l-1 was sufficient in providing the required improvement in the rice seedlings.

Different propagules and auxin concentration on rooting of passionflower sandbank

ABSTRACT Passiflora mucronata Lam. is resistant to Fusarim oxysporum f. passifloraceae and therefore can be used as rootstock for the species Passiflora edulis Sims. f. flavicarpa. The rootstocks in this case can be vegetatively propagated through cuttings. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of different types of cuttings and different concentrations of indole-3-butyric acid (IBA) on the adventitious rooting of P. mucronata. The experiments were arranged in a completely randomized design with four replications of 16 cuttings each. In Experiment 1, the treatments consisted of the different types of cuttings from mother plants grown in protected environment: shoot tips; two leaves and two nodes; one leaf and one node; leafless with two nodes; leafless with one node. In Experiment 2, the cuttings were taken from field plants and treated with the following IBA concentrations: 0; 1000 mg kg-1 (0.0036456 mol L-1); 1500 mg kg-1 (0.0054684 mol L-1) and 2000 mg kg-1 (0.0072912 mol L-1). The characteristics evaluated in the experiments 1 and 2 were: survival (1 and 2); budding (1 and 2); shoot number (2), shoot length (2), number of shoot leaves (2);shoot dry mass (2); callusing (1); rooting (1 and 2); root number (1 and 2), largest root length (1 and 2), root volume (1 and 2), and root dry mass (1 and 2). We found that, instead the shoot tips, the cuttings of the type leafless with two nodes are the best for P. mucronata rooting. Neither the cuttings from greenhouse plants nor the cuttings from field plants require growth regulators for rooting of P. mucronata cuttings of the type leafless with two nodes.

Azospirillum brasilense inoculation, auxin induction and culture medium composition modify the profile of antioxidant enzymes during in vitro rhizogenesis of pink lapacho

Optimal in vitro plant growth can be stimulated by selecting specific nutritional and environmental conditions. However, the culture conditions, dissection, and disinfection of plant material are stressful and may induce disruption of the plant physiological homeostasis. This can be modified by inoculation with rhizobacteria as Azospirillum brasilense, by the culture medium type, and by auxin induction. Here, we performed rooting experiments in two auxin-free culture media with ‘pink lapacho’ (Handroanthus impetiginosus) shoots previously induced with 0, 10, 30, or 50 μM indole butyric acid (IBA) for 3 days and inoculated with A. brasilense Cd and Az39. Peroxidase (PO), phenylalanine ammonia-lyase (PAL), and polyphenol oxidase (PPO) activities were determined on days 0, 3, 6, 9, 12, and 15. Also, weekly absolute rooting percentage was evaluated. All enzymatic activities were higher in A. brasilense-inoculated shoots, linked to early and high rooting percentage. The culture medium type and IBA concentration also affected enzymatic activities. The positive correlation between PO and PAL activities on day 9 and successful final in vitro rooting of H. impetiginosus allows using these activities as early markers of rhizogenesis reducing the selection time of easy-to-root plants. The changes in enzymatic levels performed here are discussed on the basis of their role in rooting and in vitro stress and contribute to the knowledge of the physiology of trees and their interaction with rhizobacteria.

Effect of indolebutyric acid and cutting type on vegetative propagation of three Lippia species

ABSTRACT: The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of different types of cuttings and indolebutyric acid (IBA) concentration on the vegetative propagation of Lippia insignis , L. lasiocalycina , and L. thymoides . The experiment was conducted in a 2×5 factorial table, by using 2 types of cuttings (apical and medial) and 5 IBA concentrations (0, 250, 500, 750, and 1000mg·L-1) in a Completely Randomized Design (CRD), with 4 replications and 10 cuttings per plot. For the propagation of L. insignis , apical cuttings are the most suitable, whereas for L. thymoides and L. lasiocalycina species, both apical and medial cuttings may be used. The application of IBA is not necessary for propagation by cutting of the three species of Lippia.

Substrates and indolbutyric acid in ex vitro rooting of blackberry and raspberry mini-cuttings

The objective of this work was to determine the most adequate substrate and indolbutyric acid (IBA) concentration for the ex vitro rooting of the “Xavante” and “Tupy” blackberry and the “Heritage” and “Fall Gold” raspberry mini-cuttings. Explants were transferred to a laminar flow chamber and placed in a MS nutrient medium, giving origin to mini-cuttings whose bases immersed in four different IAC concentrations (0 mg.L-1, 1000 mg.L-1, 2000 mg.L-1, 3000 mg.L-1). Next, they were placed in transparent and articulated Sampack® (10 x 13 x 20) plastic bags with two types of substrates (vermiculite and vermiculite + coconut fiber, in the proportion of 1:1 v/v). For the number of roots variable, vermiculite substrate associated with coconut fiber showed representative results for the Tupy cultivar. However, for the Heritage cultivar, satisfactory results were obtained for the same variable with vermiculite substrate. One point of maximum efficiency was observed with the 1800 mg.L-1 IBA concentration. Results showed that the ex vitro rooting of blackberry and raspberry mini-cuttings may be realized without immersion in an IBA solution. Therefore, the use of vermiculite associated with coconut fibber is the most recommended.

ROOTING OF MINICUTTINGS OF Castanea sativa Mill. HYBRID CLONES

ABSTRACT The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of the growth regulator indole butyric acid (IBA) on the rooting of mini-cuttings of Castanea crenata x C. sativa hybrid clones. Minicuttings were left to root for 60 days in an acclimatized greenhouse and then transferred to a shade house for a further 30 days. The experiment was a random block design with a double factorial arrangement consisting of five IBA concentrations (0, 2,500, 5,000, 7,500 and 10,000 mg L-1) and five clones, with three repetitions, composed of eight minicuttings per repetition. The use of IBA significantly affected the rooting and survival of the mini-cuttings, and good rates were achieved. However, at each IBA concentration we found significant differences between clones, thus suggesting that the conditions of the process of mini-cutting propagation should be specifically adapted to each particular clone.

Collection season and auxin treatment in the propagation by cuttings of mandarin hybrids

ABSTRACT Propagation by cuttings is an alternative for obtaining citrus rootstocks. The exogenous application of indolebutyric acid (IBA), cutting collection season and genotypes used may affect the rooting and vegetative growth of citrus rootstocks cuttings. Two experiments were conducted to study the influence of these factors. In the first one, semi-hardwood cuttings from the 'Sunki' mandarin hybrids H49 and H77 were collected in the fall and late spring of 2013 and treated with IBA (0 mg L-1, 1,500 mg L-1 and 3,000 mg L-1). For each collection season, a 2 x 3 (two genotypes x three IBA concentrations) factorial scheme was adopted, in a randomized blocks design. In the second experiment, the development of cuttings that rooted in the late spring was evaluated until grafting. In this case, a completely randomized experimental design was adopted, with the hybrids H49 and H77. The IBA treatments positively influenced rooting and number of roots only in the fall collection, peaking at 23.3 % of rooted cuttings. In the late spring collection, rooting was close to 100 %, with the IBA treatment being unnecessary. Around 50 % of cuttings from the 'Sunki' mandarin hybrids were ready for grafting at 14 months after cutting.

Respon Setek Cabang Bambu Betung (Dendrocalamus Asper) Akibat Pemberian Asam Indol Butirat (AIB)

Betung bamboo (Dendrocalamus asper) as multipurpose plant could be developed with vegetative and generative propagation. Branch cuttings was the easiest way in the betung bamboo vegetative propagation. One of plant growth regulators that could be used to spur betung bamboo branch cutting was indole butyric acid (IBA). This study was conducted to evaluate the betung bamboo branch cutting response from various concentration of IBA and to know the best concentration of IBA to spur the growth. The experiment was conducted in Palembang’s Bamboo Plantation Collection and Development Research Institute of Forest areal, Tanjung Agung, District Tanjungan, South Lampung Regency, from March to June 2012. This research used Completely Randomized Design (CRD) with five treatments: IBA 0 ppm (control), 100 ppm, 200 ppm, 300 ppm, and 400 ppm of concentration. Each of experimental unit consisted of five cuttings with five replications. Percentage of life, length of shoot, number of shoot, number of leave, shoot’s diameter, and root’s length were the observed variables. The result showed that betung bamboo branch cuttings were responsive to IBA, and IBA 200 ppm concentration gave better results to the betung bamboo branch cuttings than IBA 0 ppm (control), 100 ppm, 300 ppm, and 400 ppm concentration. Based on this study, it was recomended to use 200 ppm of IBA for betung bamboo branch cutting. Keywords : betung bamboo, branch cutting, indole butyric acid

Tracking biochemical changes during adventitious root formation in olive (Olea europaea L.)

The activity of oxidative enzymes and the levels of free auxins were determined during adventitious root formation in olive explants. Rooting trials were performed both with in vitro-cultured microshoots of the cultivar ‘Galega Vulgar’, treated with indole-3-butyric acid (IBA) and with salicylhydroxamic acid (SHAM)+IBA, as well as with semi-hardwood cuttings of the cultivars ‘Galega Vulgar’ (difficult-to-root) and ‘Cobrançosa’ (easy-to-root), treated with IBA. The auxin (IBA) was used in all experiments as a rooting promoter, while SHAM was used in micropropagation trials as rooting inhibitor, providing a negative control. Free indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) and IBA concentrations were determined in microshoots, as well as in semi-hardwood cuttings, throughout the rooting period at pre-established time-points. At the same time-points, the enzymatic activity of polyphenol oxidases (PPO), peroxidases (POX), and IAA oxidase (IAAox) was evaluated in the microshoots. Microshoots treated with SHAM+IBA revealed higher POX and IAAox activity, as well as lower PPO activity, than those treated only with IBA. IAA levels were higher in IBA-treated microshoots during induction phase, but lower during early initiation phase. In contrast, free IBA levels were higher in microshoots treated with SHAM+IBA during induction, but lower during initiation. A similar pattern of free auxin levels was observed in semi-hardwood cuttings of the two contrasting cultivars under evaluation. The similarities found on the auxin patterns of microshoots treated with SHAM and those of semi-hardwood cuttings of the difficult-to-root olive cultivar allow considering SHAM a reliable control for when simulation of a difficult-to-root behavior is necessary. The inhibitory effect of SHAM in root formation could be related with 1) the inhibition of alternative oxidase (AOX), leading to a downregulation of phenylpropanoid biosynthetic pathways, which would decrease the concentration of phenolic substrates for PPO; 2) an increase in IAAox activity resulting in lower free IAA levels or; 3) a defective conversion of IBA into IAA.

In Vitro Seed and Clonal Propagation of the Mediterranean Aromatic and Medicinal Plant Teucrium capitatum

The effect of various pretreatments, culture conditions, and storage time on in vitro germination of seeds, as well as the effect of explant origin and plant growth regulators on in vitro propagation of Teucrium capitatum L. (Teucrium polium sp. capitatum Arcang., Lamiaceae) were examined. Seeds, collected from native plants and stored at room temperature for 3, 7, and 12 months, were cultured for germination in vitro in petri dishes with solid half-strength (½) Murashige and Skoog (1962) growth medium (MS) at 5, 10, 15, 20, 25, and 30 °C, and 16 hours light or continuous darkness. Pretreatments, such as cold stratification, scarification with sandpaper, dipping in concentrated sulfuric acid (H2SO4 > 95%), or dipping in boiling water were tested. Seeds without any pretreatment germinated at lower than 10%. Dipping in concentrated H2SO4 for 15 or 20 minutes was the most effective pretreatment, but still seed germination achieved was low (36%). Seeds preserved their germination capacity for at least 1 year, and germinated satisfactorily at a wide temperature range, from 15 to 25 °C (optimum), while photoperiod did not affect seed germination. Explants excised from in vitro-grown seedlings were established in vitro on MS medium with 1.0 mg·L−1 6-benzyladenine (BA) at much higher rates (≈90%) compared with those collected from plants grown from cuttings in a greenhouse (25%), while explants collected from adult wild plants failed to do so. Explants from seedlings showed strong variability in their response; those excised from branched seedlings formed shoots at significantly higher percentage (90%) at the establishment stage (cultured on MS medium with 0.5–2.0 mg·L−1 BA) than explants excised from unbranched seedlings (36% to 43%), while during subcultures on MS medium with 1.0 mg·L−1 BA, explants from branched seedlings also showed higher multiplication rates than those from unbranched ones. BA at 0.5–2.0 mg·L−1 induced shoot multiplication during both establishment and multiplication stages (7–8 and 14–15 shoots per explant, respectively), while kinetin and 6-γ-γ-(dimethylallylamino)-purine (2iP) were less effective than BA, and zeatin the least appropriate. Microshoot rooting was enhanced by 1-week culture on (½) MS medium with 1.0–4.0 mg·L−1 indole-3-butyric acid (IBA), followed by transfer to auxin-free, (½) MS medium (93% to 98%, 7–8 roots per microshoot), compared with culture on the same medium continuously for 5 weeks (69% to 80%, 5–6 roots per microshoot) or at lower IBA concentrations. Plantlets were acclimatized to ex vitro conditions at 98% on a peat–perlite (1:1, v/v) mixture.

English

The effect of exogenous auxins on the development of root system in cladodes of Opuntia ficus-indica was tested using different concentrations of indole butyric acid (lBA), naphthalene acetic acid (NAA) and a combination of IBA and NAA, and the control treated with 50% aqueous solution of ethanol. Results obtained showed that rooting in cladodes is most effective when treated with 2500 mg L-1 of IBA. A non-significant effect on rooting was observed when cladodes were treated with NAA alone or in combination with IBA. The development of O. ficus-indica in orchard and farmlands particularly in the dry Sudano-Sahelian zone of Nigeria would provide a valuable source of vegetarian food for humans and feed for livestock. Key words: Opuntia ficus-indica, rooting, cladodes, Indole butyric acid (IBA) Naphthalene acetic acid (NAA).

Enraizamento de estacas de genótipos de Camellia sinensis L. em meio ácido, presença de alumínio e ácido indolbutírico

RESUMO Experimentos foram conduzidos para avaliar o efeito do meio ácido e do alumínio, assim como para determinar a concentração mais apropriada de ácido indolbutírico (AIB) para o enraizamento de estacas de diferentes genótipos de Camellia sinensis L (planta de chá). Para tal, foram coletados ramos de plantas-matrizes em Pariquera-Açu-SP, Brasil, no inverno de 2012 e preparadas estacas semi-lenhosas, contendo uma gema e uma folha, que foram mantidas em viveiro com 70% de sombreamento. A irrigação do substrato foi feita com água e soluções contendo ácido fosfórico e sulfato de alumínio a pH 5,5, 4,5; 3,5. No primeiro experimento, o delineamento experimental foi o inteiramente casualizado em esquema fatorial 3 x 7, três genótipos (F 15, IAC 259 e Comum) e sete condições diferentes de enraizamento (vermiculita a pH 6,5, vermiculita acidificada com ácido fosfórico a pH 3,5; 4,5 e 5,5 ou vermiculita acidificada com sulfato de alumínio a pH 3,5; 4,5 e 5,5). No segundo experimento, o tratamento que promoveu o maior enraizamento no primeiro experimento (vermiculita acidificada com sulfato de alumínio a pH 3,5) foi combinado ao tratamento com AIB. O delineamento experimental utilizado foi o inteiramente casualizado em esquema fatorial 3 x 6, sendo três genótipos e seis concentrações de AIB (0, 2000, 4000, 6000, 8000 e 1000 mg L-1). A vermiculita acidificada com sulfato de alumínio a pH 3,5, combinada a aplicação de 10000 mg L-1 de AIB por 30 segundos, foi o tratamento mais adequado para o enraizamento de estacas semi-lenhosas dos genótipos F15, IAC 259 e Comum.

The effect of benzyl amino purin (BAP) and indole butyric acid (IBA) concentrations on the growth of shoot and root of Cinchona ledgeriana Moens in vitro propagation

A research to evaluate effect of concentration of BAP and IBA on growth of shoot and root of Cinchona ledgeriana Moens in vitro culture, was conducted at Biomolecullar Laboratory of Research Institute for Biotechnology of Plantation Crops, Bogor. Testing on the effect of IBA on shoot growth was conducted in a CRD with five treatments and replicated 15 times. The treatments were BAP at several concentrations: 1, 2, 3, 4, and 5 mg/l. MS media culture was used as basic media and BAP added were based on the concentration tested. The parameters measured were number of sproute explants, number of root and height of shoot. The effect of IBA on the growth root was conducted based in a CRD with five treatments and replicated 15 times. The treatments were IBA at several con­centrations: 0,5; 1,0; 1,5; 2,0, and 2,5 mg/l. B5 media culture was used as basic media and IBA were added based on the concentration tested. The parameters measured were number of rooted plantlets, number of root and length of root. Result showed that: (1) the best effect of BAP on the inisiation of shoot growth was obtained from the treatment of 3 mg/l concentration of BAP wich sprouted at seven days. Shoot inisiation of all concentrations were occured at 14 days; (2) the best effect of BAP on number of sproute explants and shoot height were obtained from the treatment of 3 mg/l concentration of BAP; (3) at seven days after cultured, the treatments of 1,5; 2,0; and 2,5 mg/l consentration of IBA gave the better root inisiation. At 14 days, the better root inisiation were obtained from the treatments of 1,5 and 2,0 mg/l consentration of IBA; (4) the treatment of 2,0 mg/l consentration of IBA gave the best effect on the number as well as the length of main root.

Root Cell Proliferation from Broccoli Root Tips in vitro Culture Using Indole Acetic Acid (IAA), Indole Butyric Acid (IBA) and Benzylaminopurine (BAP)

Significance of the Study: Cell or tissue culture from root tips, shoot tips and leaf cuttings plays a significant role in micro-propagation in the plant production industry. Nowadays, it has been successfully done from many fruits, vegetables, ornamental and forest plants. Millions of explants can be produced by tissue or cell culture per year in any plant production industry. Aim: The study was conducted to investigate the root, shoot and leaf formation from the root tip cultures using different IAA, IBA and BAP concentrations. Methodology: IAA, IBA and BAP concentrations of 0.25, 0.50, 1.0, 1.5, 2.0, 2.5 mg/l combined with MS media were used in broccoli root tip culture. Results: The results showed that root and callus formation were done successfully. But there was Original Research Article Hossain et al.; ARRB, 9(1): 1-6, 2016; Article no.ARRB.22417 2 no shoot and leaf formation. The highest number (3.5) of callus proliferation was found in the concentration of IAA 1.5 and IBA 1.5 mg/l combination having BAP 1.0 mg/l. Moreover, root formation was found initially in the concentration of IAA 1-2.0 and IBA 1-2.0 mg/l combined with 1.5 mg/l BAP. In addition, later on it was found in the concentration of IAA 0.25-2.5 and IBA 0.25-2.5 mg/l combined with 1.5-2.5 mg/l BAP compared to other combination of concentrations. Conclusion: Therefore present results showed that it was better to use the combination of the IAA, BAP and IBA concentration to produce root proliferation and callus formation of broccoli using root tip cultures.

CONDICIONES DE CULTIVO DE LA PLANTA MATRIZ Y USO DEL ÁCIDO INDOLBUTÍRICO EN LA PROPAGACIÓN DEL MANDARINO ‘SUNKI’ BAJO ESTAQUILLA

RESUMEN Los patrones se obtienen tradicionalmente en la citricultura a partir de semillas, seleccionándose las plantas de origen apomíctica. Sin embargo, hay riesgo de no realizarse la selección correcta, debido a la baja apomixis y la alta heterocigocidad en algunas especies o cultivares, como el mandarino ‘Sunki’. La obtención de los mismos por estaquillas solucionaría el problema. El objetivo de este trabajo fue evaluar el potencial de enraizamiento de estaquillas del mandarino ‘Sunki’ (Citrus sunki Hort. ex Tan.), colectadas de matrices cultivadas en el campo o en ambiente protegido, utilizándose diferentes concentraciones del ácido indolbutírico (AIB). Las estaquillas se colectaron en el final de la primavera y se mantuvieron por 90 días en cámara de nebulización intermitente. Se adoptó el diseño experimental de bloques completos al azar, con cuatro repeticiones, en arreglo factorial 2 x 4, referente a dos condiciones de cultivo (matrices cultivadas en campo y en ambiente protegido) y cuatro concentraciones del AIB (0, 750, 1.500 y 3.000 mg L-1). El enraizamiento del mandarino ‘Sunki’ fue elevado, alcanzando el 96% en las dos condiciones. La brotación (54%) y la supervivencia (95%) de las estacas presentaron valores satisfactorios, independientemente del AIB. El empleo del AIB solamente es necesario en estacas provenientes de plantas mantenidas en el ambiente protegido, puesto que mejora su enraizamiento y el número de raíces.

Miniestaquia a partir de minicepas originadas por enxertia de pitangueira adulta

The aim of this study was to evaluate the viability of the minicutting technique in the vegetative propagation of Surinam cherry (Eugenia uniflora L.), through productivity and survival of ministumps, and rooting of minicuttings originating from grafting and treated with different concentrations of indolebutyric acid (IBA) in the successive collections. The ministumps were obtained through grafting (cleft graft) of scions collected from the selected tree onto rootstock formed by seeds collected from the same tree. To create the minigarden, the grafted seedlings were grown in root plugs and their sprouts were pruned, maintaining one pair of leaves on each sprout. From these ministumps, successive collections of sprouts (minicuttings) were made. A completely randomized experimental design was used in a 4 x 4 factorial arrangement (four periods of collection of minicuttings x four concentrations of IBA), with four replications and 20 minicuttings as an experimental unit. The survival rate of the ministumps was 100% after four successive collections of sprouts. In the higher temperature period was possible to carry out two collections of shoots. Mean yield was 2.4 minicuttings/ministump, 598.9 minicuttings/m2 in the first collection time, and 2.7 minicuttings/ministump, 681.1 minicuttings/m2 in the second collection time. Mean yield was 384.4 minicuttings/m2 /month. It was adventitious rooting of less than 1.9%. The rooting of minicuttings from grafting of the Surinam cherry is not favored with the use of IBA.

Callus cell proliferation from broccoli leaf slice using IBA and BAP in vitro culture: Its biochemical and antioxidant properties.

Plant tissue or cell culture keeps a significant role in micro-propagation in the plant production industry. Combination of 6-Benzylaminopurine (BAP) and other plant growth regulators like 1-Naphthaleneacetic acid (NAA) or Indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) or indole-3-butyric acid (IBA) was used in the most of the research in tissue culture. The study was carried out to investigate the optimization of the concentration of IBA and BAP combination (0, 0.25, 0.50, 1.0, 1.50, 2.0, 2.5, 3.0 and 3.5 mg/l) for the root, callus and leaf proliferation from the leaf cutting slice. The highest number (6.75) of root proliferation was observed in the concentration of 2.0 mg/l IBA+0.25 mg/l BAP combination. The callus initiation was found in the concentration of IBA 1.0–3.5 mg/l+BAP 1.0–2.0 mg/l. However, the highest callus weight was observed at the concentration of IBA 1.5 mg/l+BAP 1.0 mg/l combination than other combination of concentrations. Positively leaf initiation and formation was better in the concentration of IBA 1–3.5 mg/l+BAP 1.0–2.0 mg/l combination. In addition, the 2,2-diphenyl-2-picrylhydarzyl (DPPH) free radical scavenging potential was higher (70.1%) in leaves extract than in callus extracts (46.3%) at the concentration of 10 mg/ml though both extracts had lower DPPH free radical scavenging activity compared to the positive control, vitamin C and BHT. Theresults conclude that the optimum concentration was IBA 1.5 mg/l+BAP 1.0 mg/l combination to produce callus cell proliferation and concentration of 2.0 mg/l IBA+0.25 mg/l BAP combination was the optimum for root proliferation of broccoli in vitro.

ROOTING OF GUANANDI (Calophyllum brasilienseCAMBESS) CUTTINGS USING INDOLE-BUTYRIC ACID

ABSTRACT Commercial reforestation of Brazilian native species to produce hardwood for sawmills has been recently intensified in the country. Among the potential species planted by the logging industry is guanandi (Calophyllum brasiliense Cambess) because it is widely distributed in the country, highly adapted to different soil and climate conditions, good bole form and high quality timber. The development of genetic improvement programs should prioritize gains in productivity and yields in the medium and long term. For such programs to be successful, the study of vegetative propagation techniques to abbreviate steps in forest improvement and allow its mass production is fundamental. To assess the viability of vegetative propagation of the species, two successive experiments were carried out during two years testing the best type of cutting, hormone concentration and management. Different cuttings types submitted to increasing doses of indole-butyric acid (IBA) were tested to evaluate survival, sprouting, rooting and callus formation. Results indicate that the species is viable for vegetative propagation with 85 to 90% rooting of cuttings from seedlings in the IBA concentrations of 3000 to 7000 mg.L-1. For the cuttings, sprouting from the base of adult trees 3000 mg.L-1 was the best concentration of IBA.