Individual Reputation Research Articles

Character assassination as a right-wing populist communication tactic on social media: The case of Matteo Salvini in Italy

The article conceptualizes character assassination (CA) as a tactic of populist communication on social media by using the case study of Italian politician Matteo Salvini. CA consists of personal attacks aimed at damaging the reputation of individuals, used as political means to attack the “enemies of the people.” By means of CA, populists operate a shift from issues and arguments toward individual traits and behaviors. CA’s importance is linked to the features of social media communication (i.e. disintermediation, speed, virality, fragmentation, emotionality). The article uses content analysis of tweets, and qualitative analysis of relevant examples; it demonstrates the strategic nature of CA in Salvini’s communication and identifies five functions (i.e. polarizing, personalizing, symbolic, discriminating, emotional) of CA in right-wing populist communication. CA’s logic is unpacked, by showing how the delegitimization of individuals is used to reinforce a populist communication strategy. Potential implications and responses to CA are discussed.

Utilitarian and altruistic motivations in using car sharing: The moderating role of perceived power

While the environmental benefits of car sharing have been highlighted, the motivations for people deciding whether or not to use a car-sharing service remain unclear. This study aims to fill the research gap by proposing and testing a comprehensive model that includes utilitarian (economic benefits and individual reputation) and altruistic (environmental concerns and community belonging) motivations. In addition, this research considers the direct and moderating effects of perceived power, which refers to a perceived psychological ownership leading to a “can-do” state, which has not been examined by previous research. A survey was conducted among 372 individuals who had or had not used car sharing, and data were analyzed using logistic regression. The suggested model had high predictive power for respondents’ reported use or non-use of car-sharing services. Economic benefits, environmental concerns and the interaction between perceived power and economic benefits emerged as significant predictors of the use of car-sharing services. The implications for managers of car-sharing platforms, managers of traditional automobile businesses and public policymakers are discussed.

The role of the specialized pages of social media in strengthening civil peace - The Tech for Peace as a model

The process of combating rumors through specialized pages in of social media, including what is published on The Tech for Peace page of Facebook, is one of the important operations in the leading pages that address rumors and false news as one of the major problems facing media work in our world today, as it aims To strengthen civil peace by highlighting the standards of accuracy and fairness in the process of transmitting news in an ethical manner, and addressing everything that is harmful to the reputation and performance of individuals, groups, institutions or countries according to the goals planned by the promoters of rumors and false news. The problem of this study is summarized in a main question: What is the role of the specialized pages of Facebook in strengthening civil peace in Iraq? In this research, the two researchers followed the survey method; In order to analyze the contents of the rumors that were verified before the (Tech for Peace) page, in order to know the role that the specialized pages play in achieving civil peace. As for the research results, the researchers reached several results, the most important of which are: 1. The results of the analytical study proved that (security rumors) ranked first, as most of the rumors circulating in the Iraqi street during 2019 focused on the issue of murder, abuse and arrests that the social protest movement in Iraq was subjected to, especially after 10/1/2019 through Its greatest component is the youth, who protested against all the service, political, social and other conditions that came as a result of the worsening of the poor relationship between the authority and the public.

PENGARUH SOCIAL CAPITAL DAN HUMAN CAPITAL TERHADAP BUSINESS GROWTH PENGUSAHA PEREMPUAN DI JAKARTA DAN TANGERANG [EFFECT OF SOCIAL CAPITAL AND HUMAN CAPITAL ON BUSINESS GROWTH OF WOMEN ENTREPRENEURS IN JAKARTA AND TANGERANG

<p>The aim of this study is to examine the positive effect of social capital, human capital, reputational capital on business growth on women entrepreneurs in Jakarta dan Tangerang. Intangible assets are widely regarded as a key success factor for business growth in various countries. The growth of women's businesses in developing countries is still rare to find, but in recent years women have been seen to be more active in terms of entrepreneurship and business with women's ownership continues to grow to this day. This study uses a quantitative approach. The data collection technique in this study used an electronic questionnaire via Google Form, consisting of 31 indicators and the number of respondents was 201 respondents who are women and currently have businesses. The analytical method used in this research is SmartPLS 3.0, and in distributing the questionnaire, this study uses judgment sampling technique. The results of this study conclude that social capital has a positive effect on business growth, human capital has a positive effect on business growth, individual reputation capital has a negative effect on business growth, and organization reputational capital has a positive effect on business growth.</p>

Capturing vote-seeking incentives and the cultivation of a personal and party vote

Electoral rules establish incentives that encourage candidates to strike a particular balance between cultivating their own personal reputations and cultivating shared party reputations. Higher levels of intraparty competition stress the need for an individual reputation and minimize the usefulness of a shared, party reputation. We develop a new indicator of intraparty competition that addresses shortcomings pointed out in previously used indicators. We also identify new, particularly intuitive indicators of ”personal” and ”party” vote seeking. Using within-system and across-system variation in parliamentary elections in Japan, we find that candidate manifestos contain more frequent uses of first-person pronouns and candidate names and fewer references to political parties when intraparty competition is stiffest.

Legal nature of the term «business reputation» of the heads of commercial banks

Problem setting. Appointing the heads of commercial banks should carefully study the business reputation of candidates, using the same criteria for evaluation and understanding of this concept. The presence of different definitions, non-uniform application of norms can lead to negative consequences in the field of management. Ukrainian legislation does not contain a single standardized definition of "business reputation", and the legislator still has disputes over what criteria to evaluate and what decisions to make if the reputation is impeccable. Target research. To determine the essence of business reputation, to consider the need for legislative consolidation of such a concept. Consider the reasons for checking, assessing the business reputation and / or professional suitability of the head of a commercial bank. Analyze the Regulations on licensing of banks in terms of criteria and assessment of business reputation of individuals. Assess the changes proposed by the legislator on the types of decisions of the NBU after the recognition of the business reputation of the head is impeccable. Analysis of recent research and publication. The issue of business reputation of commercial bank executives has recently become the focus of many scholars and lawyers in this field. Thus, in recent years, many works have been devoted to the analysis of the provisions on the concept, criteria and assessment of business reputation, its importance for the effective functioning of the bank. Examples of authors who pay attention to this problem are M.K. Haliantych, L.O. Krasavchykova, R.O. Stefanchuk, O.V. Khortiuk, H.F. Shershenevich and others. Many works of foreign scientists, in particular: K. Rogoff, K. T. Jackson, C. J. Fombrun, H. Cleves, R. Vreshnok and others, are also devoted to the research of assessment and formation of business reputation. Article’s main body. There is no single standardized definition of business reputation in Ukrainian law. Scholars also interpret the concept of business reputation in different ways, some identify it with such categories as brand, image, brand, goodwill, reputational capital, others consider them as independent categories. We believe that regulatory consolidation is not a necessity and does not affect the level of protection of the right to business reputation and the right to compensation for non-pecuniary damage in connection with the humiliation of business reputation. When appointing managers, the NBU assesses the reputation of candidates. The law establishes the criteria of impeccable reputation. in case of impeccable reputation, the NBU may apply or not apply to a person signs of impeccable business reputation. Conclusions and prospect of development. We do not need to provide a definition of "business reputation" in the legislation. We also propose that the NBU create a register of persons with an impeccable reputation to expedite decision-making and to prevent the appointment of persons with an impeccable reputation to management positions. In addition, it is considered appropriate to improve the current legislation in the provisions on the types of decisions after the assessment of the NBU business reputation of an individual. In particular, in our opinion, it is necessary to add sub-item 3 to item 80 of the Regulation on banking licensing dated 22.12.2018 № 149 and to state it in the following wording: «when The National Bank assessing the business reputation of a natural or legal person for which a sign of impeccable business reputation is identified, as defined in paragraphs 63-65 of Chapter 6 or paragraphs 67-70 of Chapter 7 of Section II of this Regulation, has the right to decide on self-assessment owners of significant participation (if any) in the requirements for business reputation».

Applying sentiment analytics to examine social media crises: a case study of United Airline's crisis in 2017

PurposeIn recent years, social media crises occurred more and more often, which negatively affect the reputations of individuals, businesses and communities. During each crisis, numerous users either participated in online discussion or widely spread crisis-related information to their friends and followers on social media. By applying sentiment analysis to study a social media crisis of airline carriers, the purpose of this research is to help companies take measure against social media crises.Design/methodology/approachThis study used sentiment analytics to examine a social media crisis related to airline carriers. The arousal, valence, negative, positive and eight emotional sentiments were applied to analyze social media data collected from Twitter.FindingsThis research study found that social media sentiment analysis is useful to monitor public reaction after a social media crisis arises. The sentiment results are able to reflect the development of social media crises quite well. Proper and timely response strategies to a crisis can mitigate the crisis through effective communication with the customers and the public.Originality/valueThis study used the Affective Norms of English Words (ANEW) dictionary to classify the words in social media data and assigned the words with two elements to measure the emotions: valence and arousal. The intensity of the sentiment determines the public reaction to a social media crisis. An opinion-oriented information system is proposed as a solution for resolving a social media crisis in the paper.

Buying for good: Altruism, ethical consumerism and social policy

AbstractThe extent of altruistic behaviour and its relationship to the market has been a major interest of social policy analysts since the pioneering work of Richard Titmuss. Here we report on empirical research into such behaviour in consumer markets where self‐interest might be expected to dominate but whose participants are increasingly demonstrating more ethical concerns. We discuss three factors that have been hypothesized to affect the extent and depth of altruistic behaviour by individuals in such markets: the degree of personal sacrifice involved in the purchase, the reputation of individuals with their family and friends and individuals' sense of self‐identity. Using an online survey method, we measure consumers' motivations for real purchases in two different ethical consumerism settings: (RED) and Fairtrade. We find evidence to support all three hypotheses and conclude with some of the implications for social policy.

Regional determinants of Hungarian wine prices: The role of geographical indications, objective quality and individual reputation

Analysing the determinants of wine prices has always been a field of interest in the wine economics literature. By estimating hedonic price functions, however, most papers generally remain at the country level with regions generally neglected or treated as simple dummy variables. The aim of this paper is to analyse the determinants of wine prices at the regional level by using Latent Variable Path Modelling with Partial Least Squares and Principal Component Analysis on the example of Hungarian wines. This approach is able to capture the regional specialties of wine production and provides a better insight into price determination. Results suggest that intrinsic values play a major but ambiguous role in determining regional wine prices, especially in the case of sugar content. It also becomes apparent that specific Geographical Indications (GIs) play a crucial role in price determination, instead of GI use per se. Moreover, individual brands also have an important role, as Tier1 and Tier2 wineries tend to sell their wines at higher prices and in smaller batch sizes.

Reputation based on edge dynamics promotes cooperative behavior

In view of social interactions, people are more inclined to make different decision-making behaviors based on the credibility of different individuals. In this article, based on edge dynamics, that is, players can freely choose different strategies for different opponents, we introduce individual reputation, which is judged by others based on individual performance, thereby exploring how co-evolution of reputation and strategy affects cooperation behavior. A large number of simulation results show that under the condition of diversity interaction, other people's greater decision-making power on individuals' reputation can significantly promote cooperative behavior. It provides scholars with new insights into the social dilemma under the framework of edge dynamic.

Emergence of cooperation with reputation-updating timescale in spatial public goods game

The evaluation and updating of individual reputation plays a significant role in the evolution of game cooperation under the framework of reputation-based indirect reciprocity. However, the reputation-updating timescale is not necessarily consistent with the strategy-selection timescale. In this letter, we explore the effect of reputation-updating timescale on the cooperation behavior of second-order reputation-based public goods game, and it is assumed that the reputation-updating timescale is slower than the strategy-selection timescale. We observe that the low-frequency of reputation updating will result in some delay, and further hamper the emergency of cooperation behavior. Thus, we propose a novel adaptive reputation-update rule by combining the number of cooperative strategy in the historical memory. Through extensive numerical simulations, we find that under the appropriate reputation-updating timescale (not too fast or too slow), the emergence of cooperation behavior will be improved greatly, even the cooperation level is better than that under the conventional second-order reputation-based PGG. Taking together, the current results will be conducive to understanding the emergency of cooperation in theory and design a reasonable reputation-updating rule in practice.

个体声誉与跨期选择关系研究综述

个体声誉与跨期选择关系研究综述

Reputation preferences resolve social dilemmas in spatial multigames

Heterogeneity and difference in the dynamics of individual reputation may strongly affect learning behavior, and hence also the evolution of cooperation within a population. Motivated by this, we propose here an evolutionary spatial multigames model, wherein the reputation of an individual increases if they cooperate and decreases if they defect. After the payoffs are determined, individuals with a higher reputation will be more likely to act as strategy sources for other individuals. We perform systematic Monte Carlo simulations to determine the transitions between cooperation and defection, as well as the parameter regions of strategic coexistence. We show that preferential learning, based on dynamic reputation changes, strongly promotes cooperation regardless of the interaction network’s structure. The mechanism responsible for more favorable evolutionary outcomes is enhanced network reciprocity, which leads to more compact cooperator clusters and thus to more robust spatiotemporal dynamics that are resilient to invading defectors. Our research may improve the understanding of selection patterns that favor the emergence and persistence of cooperative behavior.

The Influence of Doctors' Online Reputation on the Sharing of Outpatient Experiences: Empirical Study.

BackgroundThe internet enables consumers to evaluate products before purchase based on feedback submitted by like-minded individuals. Displaying reviews allows customers to assess comparable experiences and encourages trust, increased sales, and brand positivity. Customers use reviews to inform decision making, whereas organizations use reviews to predict future sales. Prior studies have focused on manufactured products, with little attention being paid to health care services. In particular, whether patients prefer to use websites to discuss doctors’ reputation has so far remained unanswered.ObjectiveThis study aims to investigate how patient propensity to post treatment experiences changes based on doctors’ online reputation (medical quality and service attitude) in delivering outpatient care services. Further, this study examines the moderating effects of hospitals’ (organizational) online reputation and disease severity.MethodsFractional logistic regression was conducted on data collected from 7183 active doctors in a Chinese online health community to obtain empirical results.ResultsOur findings show that patients prefer to share treatment experiences for doctors who have a higher medical quality and service attitude (βservice attitude=.233; P<.001 and βmedical quality=.052; P<.001) and who work in hospitals with a higher online reputation (β=.001; P<.001). Patients are more likely to share experiences of doctors who treat less severe diseases, as opposed to those treating severe diseases (β=−.004; P=.009). In addition, hospitals’ online reputation positively (negatively) moderates the relationship between medical quality (service attitude) and patient propensity to post treatment experiences, whereas the moderating effects of disease severity on doctors’ online reputation are negative.ConclusionsOur research contributes to both theory and practice by extending the current understanding of the impact of individual reputation on consumer behavior. We investigate the moderating effects of organizational reputation and consumer characteristics in online health communities.

Trust-Based Model for the Assessment of the Uncertainty of Measurements in Hybrid IoT Networks.

The aim of this paper is to introduce a NUT model (NUT: network-uncertainty-trust) that aids the decrease of the uncertainty of measurements in autonomous hybrid Internet of Things sensor networks. The problem of uncertainty in such networks is a consequence of various operating conditions and varied quality of measurement nodes, making statistical approach less successful. This paper presents a model for decreasing the uncertainty through the use of socially inspired metaphors of reputation, trust, and confidence that are the untapped latent information. The model described in the paper shows how the individual reputation of each node can be assessed on the basis of opinions provided by other nodes of the hybrid measurement network, and that this method allows to assess the extent of uncertainty the node introduces to the network. This, in turn, allows nodes of low uncertainty to have a greater impact on the reconstruction of values. The verification of the model, as well as examples of its applicability to air quality measurements are presented as well. Simulations demonstrate that the use of the model can decrease the uncertainty by up to 55% while using the EWMA (exponentially weighted moving average) algorithm, as compared to the reference one.

The impact of employee relations on the reputation of the board of directors and CEO

This study examines the impact of employee relations issues on the reputation of the board of directors and the executive officer (CEO). We utilize a unique, hand-collected dataset of employee disputes, including lawsuits, complaints, health and safety inspections, and wage-hour-benefit violations. We show that, when firms engage in employee mistreatment, both directors and CEOs are punished by deterioration in their reputation, as proxied by a reduced number of outside seats. In addition, we document that case characteristics, such as settlement fees, attorney fees, case duration, and case outcome, can play an important role in the CEO’s diminished reputation and losing extra board seats. Overall, our results provide evidence supporting an association between employee workplace treatment and the individual reputations of directors and CEOs.

Promoting cooperation by reputation-based payoff transfer mechanism in public goods game

Considering the impact of reputation on social benefits of people in reality, we introduce the reputation-based payoff transfer mechanism to investigate cooperative behaviors on the lattice in the process of public goods game (PGG). Here individual reputation is quantified by score rules and players are ranked based on reputation scores. Payoffs can be transferred from low-ranking groups to high-ranking individuals via three different kinds of transfer ratios, and thus players with high rank receive endogenous bonus without the external funds. Numerical simulations show that the level of cooperation in PGG gets slightly increase in the type of conditional transfer ratios. But cooperation can be significantly promoted and maintained at a high level in the type of effective transfer ratios. The effect of transfer strength (s ) is also considered. The greater the s , the higher the cooperation level for most transfer ratios. And when the optimal transfer ratio condition is met, cooperation can quickly be emergent and nearly reach global cooperation even if the synergy factor is small. Our research is helpful to shed light on the emergence of cooperation in PGG and provides useful advices for organizers to promote the collective supply of public goods from the perspective of reputation management.

Juvenile cleaner fish can socially learn the consequences of cheating

Social learning is often proposed as an important driver of the evolution of human cooperation. In this view, cooperation in other species might be restricted because it mostly relies on individually learned or innate behaviours. Here, we show that juvenile cleaner fish (Labroides dimidiatus) can learn socially about cheating consequences in an experimental paradigm that mimics cleaners’ cooperative interactions with client fish. Juvenile cleaners that had observed adults interacting with model clients learned to (1) behave more cooperatively after observing clients fleeing in response to cheating; (2) prefer clients that were tolerant to cheating; but (3) did not copy adults’ arbitrary feeding preferences. These results confirm that social learning can play an active role in the development of cooperative strategies in a non-human animal. They further show that negative responses to cheating can potentially shape the reputation of cheated individuals, influencing cooperation dynamics in interaction networks.

Aggression, Conflict, and the Formation of Intimidating Group Reputation

From inmates in prison gangs to soldiers in elite units, the intimidating reputation of groups often precedes its members. While individual reputation is known to affect people’s aggressiveness, whether one’s group reputation can similarly influence behavior in conflict situations is yet to be established. Using an economic game experiment, we isolate the effect of group reputation on aggression and conflict from that of individual reputation. We find that group reputation can increase the willingness to inflict costs on others but only when individuals are able to punish their fellow members. Even if internal discipline can sustain their shared reputation, more intimidating groups provide fewer benefits to their members in the short run. Using an agent-based simulation, we show that this might not be the case in the long run. Our findings yield insights into the effects of group reputation on aggression, conflict, and possible consequences for group survival.

What’s in a Name? The Case for Protecting the Reputation of Businesses under Article 1 Protocol 1 of the European Convention on Human Rights

AbstractThis article approaches corporate reputation from an English law perspective. It argues that corporate reputation is at least as important as individual reputation, as it is not only vital for the health and prosperity of businesses themselves (whether large or small), but also for the communities within which they operate. Following analysis of conflicting jurisprudence from the European Court of Human Rights, which has led to a lack of clarity within English law, this paper contends that business reputation should be subsumed within the concept of property. Such an approach would then enable businesses to avail themselves of a positive right to the protection of reputation, as property, under Article 1 Protocol 1 of the European Convention of Human Rights.