Individual Traits Research Articles

Environmental influence and species occurrence of yellowjacket drones in an invaded area

During the mating season, reproductive individuals of numerous insect species gather in rendezvous areas, which increases mating opportunities. Male hymenopterans often have to move considerable distances during a particular season, searching or waiting for receptive females. Such behavior is likely driven by a complex combination of individual and species-specific traits, environmental influence, and landscape cues. Our field study aimed to determine factors affecting the occurrence of Vespula spp. drones, focusing on the influence of vegetation traits, atmospheric factors and diel effects, and the species occurrence proportion in an invaded area in Patagonia. Our results indicate that the probability of drone presence over different types of vegetation is affected both by plant species and height. Also, weather and time of day influence the number of individuals simultaneously gathering, as higher abundances of flying drones are found in early hours, warmer days and at low cloud cover. Lastly, through mid-flight drone captures, we determined that both V. germanica and V. vulgaris drones are found concurrently in the same rendezvous areas. This constitutes the first exploratory field study reporting the heterospecific occurrence of Vespula spp. drones and overall, our results contribute to the understanding of yellowjackets mating systems.

May I serve you? Navigating the employee embeddedness challenges in Indian social enterprises through servant leadership

PurposeWhile servant leadership is widely recognised as a key factor in driving employee performance and various psychological outcomes, there remains a notable gap in understanding how it influences employee embeddedness through fostering harmonious relationships, particularly within energy-centric social enterprises. This study seeks to address this gap by investigating how servant leaders’ behaviours can effectively cultivate harmonious relationships, ultimately leading to increased employee embeddedness within organisations. Additionally, this study introduces a novel aspect by examining how an individual psychological trait, specifically a propensity for risk-taking, may influence the indirect effect of servant leadership on employee embeddedness.Design/methodology/approachTo test this model, data from 309 respondents was collected through a three-wave survey design. The simple mediation analysis was performed using the PROCESS macro-Model 4, and the moderated mediation analysis was performed using the PROCESS macro-Model 8.FindingsThe findings indicate that harmonious passion serves as a significant mediator between servant leadership and employee embeddedness. Notably, this relationship is amplified among individuals with higher levels of the risk-taking trait.Originality/valueThe study addresses the research gaps in the interplay between individual traits and the psychological effectiveness of servant leadership in inducing harmonious passion, leading to socio-emotional outcomes such as employee embeddedness. Further, by addressing the issues related to employee retention in social enterprises, this research helps social entrepreneurs create a desirable societal impact without experiencing human resource hurdles. By doing so, this investigation significantly contributes to the research community, practitioners and society at large.

Why does team status difference have dual impacts on employees’ job behaviors? The role of challenge-hindrance pathways and individual personality traits

Why does team status difference have dual impacts on employees’ job behaviors? The role of challenge-hindrance pathways and individual personality traits

Understanding the Differences in an AI-Based Creativity Support Tool Between Creativity Types in Fashion Design

As the perspective on creativity shifts to “how it is expressed,” research has aimed to categorize it by problem-solving style. Since harnessing individual creative traits can positively impact creative performance, there has been an emphasis on designing computer systems that are tailored to personal problem-solving behaviors. AI-CST has opened up the potential to facilitate such customization. In this work, we consider two types of creativity—adaptors and innovators—based on problem-solving styles, and investigate AI-CST designs that both types could flexibly use according to the fashion design process. We identified two main AI-CST functions—determining design direction and receiving design inspiration—of the fashion design process, and developed CoCoStyle to map these functions. Through a user study with 30 fashion professionals (15 adaptors and 15 innovators), we found significant differences between the two groups from survey responses, system usage logs, and interviews. Based on the results, we discuss the theoretical and practical implications of AI and AI-CST where creativity is essential.

The evolution of preferred male traits, female preference and the G matrix: "Toto, I've a feeling we're not in Kansas anymore".

Female preference exerts selection on male traits. How such preferences affect male traits, how female preferences change and the genetic correlation between male traits and female preference were examined by an experiment in which females were either mated to males they preferred (S lines) or to males chosen at random from the population (R lines). Female preference was predicted to increase the time spent calling by males. Thirteen other song components were measured. Preference for individual traits was greatest for time spent calling(CALL), volume(VOL) and chirp rate(CHIRP) but the major contributors in the multivariate function were CALL and CHIRP, the univariate influence of VOL arising from correlations to these traits. Estimation of β, the standardized selection differential, for CALL resulting from female preference showed that it was under strong direct selection. However, contrary to prediction, CALL did not change over the course of the experiment whereas VOL, CHIRP and other song components did. Simulation of the experiment using the estimated G matrix showed that lack of change in CALL resulted from indirect genetic effects negating direct effects. Changes in song components were largely due to indirect effects. This experiment showed that female preference may exert strong selection on traits but how they respond to such selection will depend greatly upon the G matrix. As predicted, female preference declined in the R lines. The genetic correlations between preference and preferred traits did not decline significantly more in the R lines, suggesting correlations resulted from both linkage disequilibrium and pleiotropy.

Accounting for functionality in the identification of global conservation priorities: promises and pitfalls.

Whereas preventing species extinctions remains a central objective of conservation efforts, it must be complemented by the long-term preservation of functional ecosystems and of the benefits humans derive from them. Here, I review recent approaches that explicitly account for functionality in setting large-scale conservation priorities, discussing their promise while highlighting challenges and pitfalls. Crossing data on species' distributions and ecological traits has enabled the mapping of global patterns of functional diversity and functional rarity and the identification of species that stand out for their functional distinctiveness. However, the priorities identified through these general indices do not directly address ecosystem functionality, instead, they are methods for ensuring the representation of individual functional traits as intrinsically valuable biodiversity elements. Three other approaches integrate functionality into large-scale priorities by taking into account the specific context of each ecosystem, site or species: the International Union for Conservation of Nature's Red List of Ecosystems, Key Biodiversity Areas and the Green Status of Species. Currently at various stages of development, testing and implementation, these approaches are playing an increasingly important role in the definition, implementation and monitoring of global- and national-scale conservation strategies to ensure the long-term persistence of ecosystem functions and associated ecosystem services.This article is part of the discussion meeting issue 'Bending the curve towards nature recovery: building on Georgina Mace's legacy for a biodiverse future'.

Differences in Personality Between High-Ability and Average-Ability University Students.

Despite the growing body of research examining the personality traits of individuals with high abilities, little clarity exists about how they differ from the general population, especially within the university context. This study aimed to identify distinct personality traits by examining 268 high-ability university students alongside a matched average-ability group through a retrospective ex post facto design. Results revealed significant differences only in the trait of responsibility (p = 0.037), with lower scores observed among high-ability students. This outcome may be related to specific academic environmental factors, such as insufficient challenges. It can be concluded that, although stereotypes often associate high-ability students with certain personality traits, such as openness to experience, the present results do not reflect such differences. Therefore, it is important to conduct well-designed studies to determine the characteristics of high-ability individuals and how they differ from average-ability students.

The relationships of personality traits on perceptions and attitudes of dentistry students towards AI

IntroductionArtificial intelligence (AI) has gained significant attention in dentistry due to its potential to revolutionize practice and improve patient outcomes. However, dentists’ views and attitudes toward technology can affect the application of AI. This perception and attitude can be affected by the personality traits of individuals. This study aims to evaluate the perceptions and attitudes of dentistry students toward AI.MethodsThis cross-sectional study was conducted on dental students at Ordu University Faculty of Dentistry, involving a sample of 83 students. The study utilized the Big Five 50 Test to evaluate personality traits and a 5-point Likert scale to gather data on 20 statements regarding AI in dentistry. Data were analyzed using IBM SPSS Statistics software, and a chi-square test was employed to assess the relationship between the personality traits of dental students and their attitudes towards artificial intelligence, as well as the relationship between the gender of dental students and their attitudes towards artificial intelligence. Statistical significance was set at P < 0.05.ResultsThe study involved 83 participants, with 29 male and 54 female participants. The most common personality traits were Openness and Agreeableness, whereas the least common was Extraversion. Participants found AI useful and believed it could help dentists evaluate radiographs. However, the least agreed statement was that they would trust AI more than a dentist in evaluating radiograph results. A statistically significant difference was found between personal traits of dental students and in expressions comparing dentists and AI. Males were more familiar with AI than females.ConclusionThis study found that attitudes towards AI in dentistry vary based on personality traits. Developing educational strategies tailored to these traits can help foster more positive attitudes and improve AI integration into dental practice.

How belief in a just world shapes academic engagement among Chinese college art majors: A cross-level moderated mediation model.

The belief in a just world (BJW) is perceived as an individual trait that aids in coping with challenges. This study employed Mplus8.0 and HLM6.08 to analyze 346 questionnaire responses, leading to the following conclusions: (1) BJW shows a positive correlation with academic engagement among college art majors; (2) Academic resilience mediates the relationship between BJW and academic engagement for college art majors; (3) The teacher-student relationship (TSR) exhibits a positive correlation with academic engagement among college art majors; (4) TSR functions as a moderator in the relationship between BJW and academic engagement among college art majors. These findings provide valuable insights for enhancing learning efficiency and talent development in art schools, thereby contributing to the overall quality of education for art students.

Contact allergy may enhance further sensitization to new chemicals, but individual susceptibility traits are important for polysensitization.

Contact allergy may enhance further sensitization to new chemicals, but individual susceptibility traits are important for polysensitization.

Drought Adaptation and Responses of Stipa krylovii Vary Among Different Regions: Evidence From Growth, Physiology, and RNA-Seq Transcriptome Analysis.

In the context of global climate change, exploring how plant adaptation and responses to drought vary among different regions are crucial to understanding and predicting its geographic distribution. In this study, to explore the drought adaptation and responses of the dominant species in the semi-arid Eurasian Steppes and their differences among the different regions in terms of growth, physiology, and RNA-seq transcriptome, Stipa krylovii was chosen as the study material, and a seed source (three regions: eastern, middle, and western regions) × soil moisture treatment (three treatments: control, light drought, and heavy drought) two-factor experiment was conducted. (1) Four growth traits for individuals from the western region were significantly lower than those from the other two regions. By Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) functional enrichment analysis on gene expressions of individuals from each treatment, unique enriched pathways were found under heavy drought. (2) The decrease in the number of tillers with the increasing drought was much lower for individuals from the western region than those from the other two regions. The differentially expressed genes (DEGs) of individuals from the eastern, middle, and western regions between heavy drought versus control were 4887, 1900, and 4896. By KEGG functional enrichment analysis, individuals from the eastern and middle regions mainly regulated energy metabolism and metabolism of other amino acids; and those from the western region mainly regulated biosynthesis of other secondary metabolites and carbohydrate metabolism. (3) Clustering analysis based on gene expressions separated the western region from the other two regions under the same drought treatment. This study indicates that drought adaptation and responses of S. krylovii vary among different regions, especially between individuals from the western region and the other two regions. These findings are essential to understanding the adaptive evolution of population and germplasm resource protection for this important species.

THE MODERATING ROLE OF GENDER, JOB-NATURE AND JOB-DESIGNATION IN THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN PERSONALITY TRAITS AND KNOWLEDGE HOARDING: EVIDENCE FROM PUBLIC SECTOR HIGHER EDUCATION INSTITUTIONS IN PESHAWAR

Knowledge has emerged as a coveted asset for organizations, becoming a crucial source of competitive edge. Organizations invest many resources to enhance knowledge sharing among employees to foster creativity and innovation. Despite all these measures, individuals still conceal their knowledge from others in the workplace, and the existing discourse on the body of knowledge indicates a theoretical gap in this area. To address this issue, this study investigates the role of individual personality traits and moderating factors in predicting knowledge-hoarding behavior among faculty members in public-sector higher education institutions. Adopting the positive approach, primary data was collected through structured questionnaires. Results indicate that openness to experience significantly predicts knowledge hoarding, while neuroticism has no significant effect. Importantly, job designation moderates the relationship between openness to experience and knowledge hoarding. These findings contribute to understanding the factors influencing knowledge-sharing behaviors. However, the study's limitations include its focus on academic institutions and a quantitative approach. Future research could benefit from a mixed-method approach and explore other organizational aspects related to knowledge hoarding.

Modeling Diffusive Search by Non-Adaptive Sperm: Empirical and Computational Insights.

During fertilization, mammalian sperm undergo a winnowing selection process that reduces the candidate pool of potential fertilizers from ~106-1011 cells to 101-102 cells (depending on the species). Classical sperm competition theory addresses the positive or 'stabilizing' selection acting on sperm phenotypes within populations of organisms but does not strictly address the developmental consequences of sperm traits among individual organisms that are under purifying selection during fertilization. It is the latter that is of utmost concern for improving assisted reproductive technologies (ART) because 'low fitness' sperm may be inadvertently used for fertilization during interventions that rely heavily on artificial sperm selection, such as intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI). Importantly, some form of sperm selection is used in nearly all forms of ART (e.g., differential centrifugation, swim-up, or hyaluronan binding assays, etc.). To date, there is no unifying quantitative framework (i.e., theory of sperm selection) that synthesizes causal mechanisms of selection with observed natural variation in individual sperm traits. In this report, we reframe the physiological function of sperm as a collective diffusive search process and develop multi-scale computational models to explore the causal dynamics that constrain sperm 'fitness' during fertilization. Several experimentally useful concepts are developed, including a probabilistic measure of sperm 'fitness' as well as an information theoretic measure of the magnitude of sperm selection, each of which are assessed under systematic increases in microenvironmental selective pressure acting on sperm motility patterns.

Effects of Failure Acceptance, Entrepreneurial Orientation, and Social Safety Net on Entrepreneurial Intention: A Moderated Mediation Analysis of Korean Employees.

This study aims to examine innovation using an entrepreneurial event model by exploring the effects of failure acceptance, entrepreneurial orientation, and social safety nets on entrepreneurial intention. A survey was conducted with employees in South Korea to collect data, which were analyzed statistically using SPSS version 27.0 and Macro 4.1. The findings indicate that the failure acceptance of South Korean employees does not directly influence their entrepreneurial intention; rather, it has a complete mediation effect through entrepreneurial orientation. This reflects the unique entrepreneurial culture in South Korea, where entrepreneurship is highly emphasized. Additionally, perceptions of social safety nets positively moderate the relationship between entrepreneurial orientation and entrepreneurial intention. The research highlights the significance and direction of studies in the entrepreneurial sector by considering national cultural differences and emphasizing the interaction between individual psychological traits and environmental factors. Furthermore, it presents South Korea's distinctive entrepreneurial culture and offers elements that could enhance the entrepreneurial environment, thereby creating practical value.

ŞAGİRDLƏRİN PEŞƏ SEÇİMİNƏ DƏSTƏK PROSESİNDƏ FƏRDİ PSİXOLOJİ XÜSUSİYYƏTLƏRİN NƏZƏRƏ ALINMASI

In the article, the role of teachers, school psychologists, and parents in the process of supporting students in career choice, with consideration of individual psychological traits, is explored. The article analyzes the issues that these individuals need to pay attention to during this process. The purpose of this article is to enhance the effectiveness of teachers, school psychologists, and parents in supporting students in their career choices.

Личностные факторы, способствующие формированию идентичности у лиц из дисфункциональных семей

A sense of one's own identity is the main factor in the harmonious development of a personality. A person's identity is formed in the process of social development of personality and is largely determined by the object relationships that develop in the family. In daily clinical practice, psychologists are increasingly confronted with the borderline personality structure that manifests itself in clients, and borderline personality organization is closely related to the problem of Ego strength and identity. Although the issue of identity has been studied quite deeply, the relationship between family well-being and the identity of a mature person has not been studied enough. Especially little attention is paid to the formation of identity in children from disadvantaged families. The purpose of this study is to identify the factors contributing to the formation of identity in children from disadvantaged families. The article presents the results of an empirical study that showed that people from disadvantaged families have not formed an identity. Correlation analysis revealed the individual traits characteristic of such people. If psychologists manage to develop these traits, they will be able to have a more targeted impact on the formation of identity in these people.

Longer-term consequences of increased body checking in women at risk for eating disorders-a naturalistic experimental online study.

Body checking is a common behavior in both the general population and individuals with body image disturbances. Cognitive-behavioral theories postulate that body checking reduces negative emotions in the short term, but over time contributes to the development and maintenance of eating disorder pathology. So far, few experimental studies have assessed these longer-term consequences, mostly under laboratory conditions, yielding inconsistent findings, and without considering individual vulnerability and specific personality traits. In a naturalistic experimental cross-over design, women with low (n = 76) vs. high (n = 103) body concern completed an online survey on trait characteristics (e.g., intolerance of uncertainty). After a two-day baseline to assess the daily amount of habitual body checking, participants underwent two three-day experimental conditions in randomized order, in which they were asked to exhibit typical vs. threefold increased body checking. Before and after conditions, participants completed state measures of eating disorder symptoms, body dissatisfaction, affect, and general pathology online. In women with high body concern, body image-related symptoms (i.e., drive for thinness, body dissatisfaction) and negative affect worsened in the increased body checking condition, whereas in the typical body checking condition, positive affect increased and no negative impact emerged. Conversely, women with low body concern remained unaffected, except for higher drive for thinness following the increased condition. Bulimic and depressive symptoms did not change in either group. The inclusion of intolerance of uncertainty from an exploratory perspective generally did not impact the results. Our findings regarding the high-risk group underscore the potential etiological relevance of body checking for body image disturbances and eating disorders. For individuals at risk and those already affected by eating disorders, it seems important to address individual body checking as early as possible within psychoeducation to prevent a presumably harmful increase in this behavior. Personality factors influencing vulnerability to body checking need to be further examined.

Addressing the Medicolegal Aspects of Temporal Lobe Epilepsy: A Literature Review.

Temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE) represents a prevalent form of focal epilepsy that often requires surgical intervention and can be resistant to antiseizure medications. Its epidemiology varies across regions due to diagnostic challenges and underestimation of individual neurological traits. Despite these complexities, TLE accounts for a significant proportion of total epilepsies worldwide. Early discussions on TLE's forensic implications date back to the mid-20th century, highlighting its unique behavioral and mental disturbances during seizures. The International League Against Epilepsy categorizes seizures based on type and onset, aiding in diagnosis and treatment planning. Neuroimaging techniques play a crucial role in identifying the epileptogenic focus within the temporal lobe. TLE's etiology involves various risk factors, including genetic predisposition and neurological insults. Clinically, TLE presents diverse signs and symptoms across different phases. This literature review explores the forensic implications of TLE, including legal responsibility, sudden death, and its association with criminal behavior. It examines the challenges in diagnosing TLE in court and discusses the complex interplay between TLE, psychosis, and substance use in determining legal liability. Furthermore, it addresses the risk of sudden unexpected death in epilepsy (SUDEP) and sudden unexplained death in childhood (SUDC) associated with TLE. Finally, the review underscores the need for further research to comprehensively understand TLE's forensic and medicolegal implications, considering its intricate neurobiological underpinnings and clinical manifestations.

Altered Rhythmicity, Depressive Ruminative Thinking and Suicidal Ideation as Possible Correlates of an Unrecognized Autism Spectrum in Patients with Borderline Personality Disorder.

Recent research has explored the presence of subthreshold autistic traits (ATs) in individuals with borderline personality disorder (BPD), suggesting that these traits may contribute to the severity of BPD symptoms and increase the risk of other mental health issues, including suicidal behaviors. This study aims to investigate the relationship between ATs and affective symptoms, such as mood instability and suicidality, in people diagnosed with BPD. A total of 48 subjects with BPD were assessed with self-report questionnaires including the Adult Autism Subthreshold Spectrum (AdAS Spectrum), the mood spectrum self-report version (MOODS-SR) and the ruminative response scale (RRS). Subjects with significant ATs scored higher than BPD subjects in all domains and in the total score of AdAS Spectrum, RRS, and MOODS-SR, as well as in the items investigating suicidality. RRS total score, its depression domain, and the MOODS-SR rhythmicity domain, as well as suicidality, were predictors of the presence of ATs. Our data confirm the relationship between the presence of clinically significant ATs and affective symptoms, ruminative thinking, and suicidality in patients with BPD.

English-Major Students’ Perspectives On The Active Learning Approach For Developing Speaking Skills At a University in Dalat

The Active Learning Approach (ALA) has been considered a significant promise in language teaching due to its potentials in developing learners’ communicative competence. To understand how this approach works in the Vietnamese tertiary context, this study aimed to explore the perspectives of second-year English majors at a university in Da Lat regarding the effectiveness of ALA and what aspects of its application that influenced their perspectives. The study utilized a mixed-method approach, including surveys, semi-structured interviews, and class observations. The findings reveal students’ positive perceptions of ALA, especially regarding the think-pair-share activity. Main factors influencing their positive perspectives included intrinsic motivation, individual traits, past experiences with ALA, and classroom dynamics. However, several challenges in applying ALA in this context need to be addressed for the approach to reach its full potential in teaching and learning English speaking skills.