Individual Topics Research Articles

대학상담사의 사회정의 옹호 상담 경험 연구

Objectives The purpose of this study is to gain a deeper understanding of social justice counseling interventions and advocacy work through the experiences of full-time counselors in a college counseling center. Methods Four counselors who had worked as full-time faculty members for more than five years were interviewed, with data were analyzed using Creswell's (2013) case study method. In the within-case analysis, themes that highlighted experiences of social justice advocacy in counseling were identified for each case. In the cross-case analysis, representative themes were examined to derive common themes across the cases. Results A total of 15 common themes and 48 individual themes were identified based on the six types of ACA social justice advocacy model. For client and student empowerment, counselors engaged in personal empowerment, resource building, connecting client with resources within their system, and running student programs. For client/student advocacy, efforts included providing information, building client support systems, and protecting and advocating for clients. For community collaboration, the counselors established networks with external organizations, developed on-campus programs, and fostered community relations. Regarding system advocacy, they engaged in activities to improve institutional systems and establish a robust counseling infrastructure. For public information provision, they conducted prevention and awareness education, special lectures on psychological counseling, and other outreach activities. Finally, in the domain of social and political advocacy, the counselors participated in socio-political initiatives and promoted self-advocacy. Conclusions This study is significant in that it explores the counseling experiences of university counselors through the lens of social justice counseling and enhances understanding of advocacy work conducted in university counseling centers. Based on the findings, the experiences of counselors in social justice advocacy counseling were discussed in depth.

Evaluating a large language model’s ability to answer clinicians’ requests for evidence summaries

Objective: This study investigated the performance of a generative artificial intelligence (AI) tool using GPT-4 in answering clinical questions in comparison with medical librarians’ gold-standard evidence syntheses. Methods: Questions were extracted from an in-house database of clinical evidence requests previously answered by medical librarians. Questions with multiple parts were subdivided into individual topics. A standardized prompt was developed using the COSTAR framework. Librarians submitted each question into aiChat, an internally managed chat tool using GPT-4, and recorded the responses. The summaries generated by aiChat were evaluated on whether they contained the critical elements used in the established gold-standard summary of the librarian. A subset of questions was randomly selected for verification of references provided by aiChat. Results: Of the 216 evaluated questions, aiChat’s response was assessed as “correct” for 180 (83.3%) questions, “partially correct” for 35 (16.2%) questions, and “incorrect” for 1 (0.5%) question. No significant differences were observed in question ratings by question category (p=0.73). For a subset of 30% (n=66) of questions, 162 references were provided in the aiChat summaries, and 60 (37%) were confirmed as nonfabricated. Conclusions: Overall, the performance of a generative AI tool was promising. However, many included references could not be independently verified, and attempts were not made to assess whether any additional concepts introduced by aiChat were factually accurate. Thus, we envision this being the first of a series of investigations designed to further our understanding of how current and future versions of generative AI can be used and integrated into medical librarians’ workflow.

Investigating Online Quran Interpretation: Methods and Sources on Muslimah.or.id and its Contribution to Online Islamic Discourse

Technological advancements are increasingly shaping daily life. This includes the dissemination of information, with Muslims utilizing technology for Islamic da'wah, particularly Qur'anic interpretation (Tafsīr). While traditionally accessed through physical prints, Tafsīr is now readily available on websites. This study analyzes the sources, methods, and patterns of interpretation employed by http://muslimah.or.id. Employing a qualitative research method with a descriptive-qualitative approach, the study reveals several key features of the website's Tafsīr approach. Interpretations focus on individual letters, specific themes, and contemporary Muslim women's issues. Authors cite reference sources, and interpretations are diverse, reflecting at least four distinct methods. The website incorporates both traditional (bi al-Maʼthūr) and rational (bi al-Ra'y) methods, drawing from classical Tafsīr works like Jalalain, at-Ṭabarī, and Ibn Kathīr. Notably, the website utilizes thematic (Mawḍūʻī) and comparative (Muqāran) approaches. The website prioritizes socio-literary (Adabī ijtimāʻī) aspects, focusing on linguistic, literary, and socio-cultural contexts. However, the inconsistent nature of interpretations due to the website's multiple contributors presents a potential challenge.

The use of ice in economic and sociocultural practices of the population of Yakutia: traditions and modernity

The historical evolution of practices associated with the use of ice by the population of Yakutia in the period from mid-19th century until the present is being examined. The application of principles laid down in cryosophy and cryoanthropology, suggesting an increased interest in the “cold matters” of the Earth and in traditions of using their resource potential by indigenous peoples of the northern territories, became the methodological ground for the development of the topic. The research is based on the involvement of a complex of source materials, prima-rily including individual topics presented in ethnographic works, documents from archives of Irkutsk, Moscow, Olekminsk, Saint-Petersburg and Yakutsk, museum exhibits, and also the author’s field materials collected in 2017–2023 in various administrative regions (uluses) of Sakha Republic (Yakutia) and in the city of Yakutsk. The carried-out work made it possible to demonstrate the practices of ice exploitation as an important adaptation mechanism for the population of the region. In this regard, it has been noted that ice played a significant role in satisfying a range of sanitary and hygienic needs; it acted as a construction and thermal insulation material, and was an essential component of economic practices, widely used in fishing, agriculture, logging and livestock rea-ring. It has been established that the ways of using ice have evolved significantly towards the present. In general, a decrease in the variety of applications and the importance of ice for the population of Yakutia has been re-vealed. At the same time, it has been concluded that ice remains critically important for providing the rural popula-tion of Yakutia with drinking water. At the same time, an increase in the leisure potential of ice exploitation has been observed; in combination with other cryogenic processes and phenomena, its position as one of the brands of the region is strengthening.

Philosophical underpinnings in Jaun Elia's poetry: an exploration of coping mechanism in verses

ABSTRACT Jaun Elia, a prominent figure in Hindi and Urdu poetry, was a versatile personality known for his contributions as a poet and scholar. This article delves into the philosophical underpinnings of Jaun Elia's poetry, exploring themes of absurdism, alienation, and individualism as manifestations of his existential struggles. By employing thematic analysis, it delves into the intricate layers of thought within Elia's verses, revealing how poetry served as a coping mechanism for him amidst his perpetual anguish. Elia's work is examined as a testament to his resilience in the face of existential despair, shedding light on the ways in which he grappled with the inherent meaninglessness of existence. This study explains how Elia navigated his profound sense of isolation and pessimism, offering insights into the complex interplay between existential philosophy and poetic expression in his writings.

The Coherence Relations of "Mollie" in Animal Farm under Segmented Discourse Representation Theory(SDRT)

This paper delves into the coherence relations of Mollie, a character from George Orwell's "Animal Farm," utilizing the Segmented Discourse Representation Theory (SDRT) to analyze her role within the narrative. The study reviews the current research on "Animal Farm," highlighting the scarcity of in-depth analysis of Mollie's character, which is often overlooked in favor of more prominent characters. The paper introduces SDRT, a linguistic theory that dissects discourse into smaller segments to examine logical connections and coherence, providing a fresh perspective to explore Mollie's actions and their implications in the novel. The application of the SDRT framework to Mollie's character reveals how her individual desires and actions contrast with the collective ethos of the farm, symbolizing the broader themes of individualism versus collectivism. It also underscores her reactions to the power structures, which are indicative of the farm's societal dynamics. The analysis contributes to a deeper understanding of Mollie's role and her interactions with other characters, offering insights into the underlying social and political commentary of "Animal Farm." The paper concludes that SDRT not only enriches our comprehension of Mollie's character but also enhances the interpretation of the novel's overall message, shedding light on the complexities of power, freedom, and loyalty within the context of a totalitarian regime.

Innovations in Medical Education in Gastrointestinal Surgery Using Interactive Anatomical Tables

The introduction of digital technologies into the learning process for medical university students represents a new paradigm in medical education since high level of criteria for assessing the quality of learning of a medical student require the application of modern technologies in training fundamental disciplines and, in particular, anatomy. Thanks to virtual technologies, conditions are created for modeling and integrating the student into conditions close to real ones, which increases the interest and involvement of students in the educational process and, as a result, a subjective improvement in the process of assimilation of the material. Traditional education based on dissection materials cannot fully provide for the massive training of students, as biological materials cannot be restored or preserved and are quickly damaged. 3D models are devoid of these limitations.Aim: to evaluate the effectiveness of digital dissection in the educational trajectory of clinical anatomy using interactive anatomical tables and the need of students for the active use of these aids.Materials and methods. Four groups of students were formed: three groups were studying the material using various anatomical tables and one group used the traditional method. To control the effectiveness of the educational process, before the start of training, entrance testing was conducted in all groups. At the end of classes on individual topics, participants completed exit testing, as well as a questionnaire.Results. The analysis of learning outcomes shows a significantly higher level of absorption of the material among students in groups where 3D anatomical models were used during classes. This indicates that students’ subjective experience of the learning process has improved due to their increased involvement in the class and their interest in innovative teaching methods.Conclusion. We plan to study learning outcomes in more detail to identify any differences in the formation of general and professional competencies among students. This information will help us make informed decisions about the widespread use of anatomical models in educational practice.

Thematic Unity of Single Surah between Acceptance and Rejection

In this study, the researcher deals with (the thematic unity of the Qur’anic surah between acceptance and rejection). It aims to explain the most important opinions that have been said on this subject, among those who believe that there is an objective unity in the Qur’anic surah, around which the issues of that surah revolve, and if those issues are multiple, then there is a thematic unity. These issues are linked together, and each surah has an independent character, dealing with a basic Topic with several individual partial topics This is done by the interpreter understanding the main objective or objectives of the Surah, then searching for the reason for the revelation of the Surah or the verses that presented the basic topic of the Surah, then looking at the order in which the Surah was revealed from among the Meccan or Medinan surahs, then studying the Qur’anic methods in presenting the topic and the occasions between the passages of the verses. In the surah Then the researcher reviews the ancient commentators who pointed out in their interpretations some of the objectives of the surah, especially the short ones, and the appropriateness between the passages of some of the surahs. Then he mentions some of the later ones who wrote in this type of interpretation After that, the researcher mentions the opinions that say there is no thematic unity in a single surah, and cites interpretive evidence about some verses, and narrative evidence about that As for the importance of this study, it paints a clear and cultured picture about the surahs of the Holy Qur’an and its verses and how to research them on the one hand, and the opinions of commentators and researchers on this subject on the other hand.

Sufisim in Doris Lessing's The Four Gated City

This paper studies Sufism and its relevance in “The Four-Gated City” written by Doris Lessing. Sufism is an esoteric movement and regarded as the backbone of all religious systems. The study examines how Sufi thought permeates the thematic structure in spiritual and philosophical aspects in the novel. It seeks to examine how Sufi elements are imbedded in the novel, especially in terms of the characters psychology and their spiritual progression, and how Sufism provides a fine contrast to the narratives, alluding to the Western themes of rationality, individuality, and materialist perspectives, making this comparative in nature as well. And what is the function of mysticism within the context of Lessing's progression of her critique of modernity and her portrayal of the nature of being human?. To answer these questions, the research examines the nature of the incorporation of Sufi ideas like the wahdat al-wujud and the journey of the soul in the novel. It studies the characters journeyed in their experiences and how do the songs reflect the Sufi stages of spiritual development. Using Sufism to Critique Western Rationalism and Materialism. The methodology is a close reading of the novel, finding Sufi themes, symbols, and metaphors. A Sufi perspective with special focus on the representation of spiritual progress and awakening is the theoretical framework of the study. Finally, the comparative method employed in this study draws parallels not just between the visualization of the spiritual ascent in the Shikasta, but also in the Sufi classics of Rumi and Ibn Arabi. This research rests on the theoretical foundations of Sufi mysticism and comparative lit-examples drawn from the works of Idries Shah and others who presented Sufi-themed scholars to the West. Using postmodern literary theory, the book considers how Lessing subverts linear narratives through mystical beginnings, which is contrary to Western conceptions of progress and individuality. These are examples from the study’s results which suggest that the principles of the Sufi doctrine function as the fictional and philosophical basis placed at the centre of the novel’s exploration of human potential as a means for social change. Through Sufism, Lessing provides a glimpse of mute-bodied existence, spiritual enlightenment, and unity consciousness beyond the confines of a self-referencing mind. In the mystical experiences of its protagonists, there is a critique of the alienation in the modern world, an idea that true progress is in finding the inner self spiritually, not materially.

Individual and interpersonal factors influencing child marriage: A qualitative content analysis study.

Child marriage is one of the public health challenges that has caused increasing concerns in the health and development system. Therefore, this research was conducted to identify individual and interpersonal factors influencing child marriage from the perspectives of stakeholders and informants. This qualitative study was conducted using content analysis and an inductive approach from 2023 to 2024 in Bam city, Kerman, Iran. Thirty-six stakeholders (girls who have been married for 15 years, parents, husbands, and informants) were purposively selected. Data were collected through semi-structured interviews and analyzed using the Graneheim and Lundman approach, with the assistance of MAXQDA software. After analyzing of the data, individual and interpersonal themes were emerged. The first theme of "individual factors" consisted of biological, psychological, and demographic category with four sub-categories including insufficient cognitive and inferential development, physiological and anatomical features, facing stressful factors in life, and demographic characteristics. The second theme of "interpersonal factors" consisted of family structure with four sub-categories including traditional parenting methods, family values, family breakup, Inefficiency of management and problem-solving in the family, and weak social capital in the family. The category of Ineffective interactions and social support also encompass two sub-categories: Peer pressure and reference groups, and inappropriate care and support relationship between teachers and students. The results showed that individual and interpersonal factors are effective on children's marriage. Some individual factors have a biological origin, indicating that increasing girls' awareness of marriage, pregnancy, individual rights, and life skills is one solution that can help reduce early marriage. On an interpersonal level, fostering positive relationships within the family, school, and society, and strengthening the support network can play a crucial protective role for children.

아동학대 연구의 질적 메타분석

Objectives This study attempted to find out the change in perception of child abuse through qualitative meta-analysis and seek new understanding and improvement directions for correct perception of child abuse. Methods Among the three strategies of meta-cultural technology in qualitative meta-analysis developed by Noblit & Hare (1988) and applied by Britten et al. (2002) and Atkin et al. (2015), this study was analyzed using reciprocal translation analysis and refutation synthesis among the three strategies of qualitative meta-analysis applied by Lee Seung-ho et al. and described them as individual topics in the research results. In the stage of determining the relevance between the research results, the research results were synthesized and reconceptualized. Results This study examined the perception of child abuse before and after child abuse in order to examine the perception of child abuse by victims, perpetrators, spouses, and neighbors. In the case of child abuse recognition, the victim's tendency to think of child abuse as his or her own fault before the recognition of child abuse was cut, and in the case of perpetrators, the cause of child abuse was recognized as the influence of others other than himself. In the case of spouses and people around them, they tended to think that it was not their job. When the child abuse officials' pre-recognition was summarized, it was recognized as ‘child abuse has nothing to do with me’. After the child abuse officials recognized child abuse, the victims knew that the type of parenting they and their friends received was different, and in the case of the perpetrators, they recognized that their parenting method was wrong. In the case of spouses and neighbors, they recognized that they were avoiding the appearance of child abuse. When the child abuse officials' perception of child abuse was combined, a change in perception was found to ‘face child abuse’. Conclusions This study is meaningful in suggesting ways to improve awareness of child abuse in the future in that it helps to understand the perception of child abuse more deeply and analyzes individual qualitative studies from a broader perspective.

Immunosuppressive medication adherence and affecting factors in solid organ transplantation patients: a mixed-methods study

Objectives: Transplantation is a form of treatment that requires long-term pharmacotherapy. After transplantation, patients may have difficulty adapting to medication use for various reasons, and this may result in rejection. The aim of this study is to determine participants’ medication compliance and the factors affecting it. Methods: The research was conducted with a sequential explanatory mixed method. In the study, quantitative data were collected using the Turkish Immunosuppressive Medication Adherence Scale, and qualitative data were collected using the In-Depth Individual Interview Guide. Quantitative data were analyzed using statistical methods, and qualitative data were examined according to Braun and Clarke's thematic analysis framework. Results: In this study, 62.3% of the participants were male, 37.0% were 50 years old and over, 71.3% lived with their spouse, 54.0% had primary and secondary school education, and 42.0% could not work due to their current health condition. From a clinical perspective, it was determined that 78% of the transplants were kidney transplants, and 41.3% were more than 4 years after transplantation. 74.3% of the transplants were from living donors. The mean score of the immunosuppressive medication compliance scale was determined to be 40.91±4.09. In the qualitative data analysis of the study, factors affecting medication adherence were examined and the themes of "individual factors", "complexity of the regimen" and "social support resources" were obtained. The sub-themes of the individual factors theme are reluctance, hopelessness and addiction; Sub-themes of the complexity of the regimen theme are drug side effects and polypharmacy; The sub-themes of the social support resources theme are loneliness and family pressure. Conclusions: The factors influencing medication adherence among organ transplant recipients have been investigated, revealing that adherence levels vary significantly depending on various factors. These findings underscore the importance of tailored care strategies and individualized support approaches.

EU trade agreements and external differentiation: a large language model approach

The EU’s trade agreements with third countries exhibit varying degrees of alignment with intra-EU rules. What factors explain this external differentiation? This article answers this question by relying on a large language model to measure the alignment of 62 EU trade agreements with intra-EU rules at the level of individual topics, such as trade in goods, intellectual property rights, or sustainable development. The results indicate that this alignment is higher for third countries (1) with large trade flows with the EU; (2) with an EU membership perspective; and (3) with a medium level of regulatory capacity. These associations are particularly pronounced for provisions tackling behind-the-border trade barriers. These findings contribute to the literature on external differentiation and advance our understanding of EU trade policy and preferential trade agreements.

Cybersecurity on the Move: Investigating the Efficacy of a Movable Escape Room as an Educational Tool for Healthcare Employees

This research investigates the effectiveness of a cybersecurity escape room as an educational intervention to increase awareness of cybersecurity risks towards a safer work environment. The escape room aims to educate participants and cybersecurity and to make them more resilient against various cyberthreats. Method: To validate the effectiveness, a pre-test-post-test design with 96 participants was conducted, 42 also completing a delayed post-test and 29 participants served as a control group. All participants were healthcare professionals. Using the HAIS-Q, six themes were investigated (namely email usage, passwords, ransomware, social engineering, incident reporting, and software updates) using the three constructs from the Knowledge, Attitude and Behaviour model. Results: The escape room had an overall immediate positive effect on participants (t(95) = -6.259, p < 0.001), and this effect persisted after 1 month (t(25) = -2.946, p = .006). Zooming in on individual themes, the immediate scores improved for email usage, passwords, social engineering and software updates, whereas the delayed scores improved specifically for email usage and passwords. Conclusion: The results show that the cybersecurity escape room may be a promising way to enable employees to resist cybersecurity threats. Nonetheless, the results need to be interpreted with caution. The research design experienced some dropout, meaning that results could differ with increased participation. Furthermore, it is not entirely evident which aspects of the escape room caused the observed effect; this is subject to future research.

МОДЕЛЬ ФОРМУВАННЯ ГОТОВНОСТІ МАЙБУТНІХ ФАХІВЦІВ З ТУРИЗМУ ДО ДІЯЛЬНОСТІ У ПРОФЕСІЙНОМУ ІНФОРМАЦІЙНОМУ ПРОСТОРІ

The presented material of this study is a justification and experimental verification of the effectiveness of the model of training future tourism specialists for activities in the professional information space. The basis of the developed model of training future specialists is their readiness for activities within the information space of tourism. According to the hypothesis and purpose of the research, the readiness of future specialists to work in the professional infospace is a multidimensional phenomenon and includes a number of individual components, including motivational, cognitive, technological, personal, and complex indicators. The results of checking the effectiveness of the developed model of formation of readiness are presented through indicators of the level of formation of the components of the readiness of future tourism specialists for activities in the professional information space and a comprehensive indicator. The distribution of students according to the following levels of formation of readiness components at the ascertainment and control stages of the research was determined: creative, reconstructive, reproductive. The probability of differences in the results of students in the control and experimental groups at both stages of the study was assessed using the Fisher angular transformation criterion. It has been proven that, according to the results of the control section, the indicators of the formation of the components and the comprehensive indicator of the readiness of future specialists of the control and experimental groups at the end of the study have statistically significant differences. This indicates the presence of a close relationship between the implemented measures of the formative experiment (theoretical and practical mastering of the special course, individual content modules and topics from information systems and technologies in tourism) and the improvement of the formation of the components of the readiness of future tourism specialists to work within the professional space of tourism. The average indicators of the formation of readiness components and the corresponding complex indicator were significantly higher among the students of the experimental group. The effectiveness of the hypothesis formulated at the beginning of the research and the effectiveness of the model of training future tourism specialists for activities in the professional information space have been fully confirmed.

Towards a critical co-construction of equity communities of practice in education

Students in Canada have unequal access to safe environments and learning in schools, which impacts their participation in education and their achievement of educational goals. Equity, diversity, and inclusion (EDI) courses for future educators are one way to help them see that the benefits of schooling are not equally available to all students. The authors describe how post-secondary students, who were members of equity-seeking communities and their allies, worked together with instructor guidance to co-create EDI courses. The students were already familiar with the fully online learning community model (FOLC) where student voice and agency feature prominently. As the students co-designed new EDI courses, the critical co-construction of equity model was developed. The model is anchored in human rights and relies on a shared spirit of equity humility. The model recognizes the need for student safety as well as the necessity of potentially uncomfortable conversations. While, in the past, equity teaching tended to focus on distinct aspects of oppression in society as individual topics, the co-construction of equity model relies, instead, on building bridges of equity concepts that cross oppressions. These cross-equity understandings can help future educators see the importance of dismantling oppression and rebuilding safer and more inclusive learning spaces in education.

INSTITUTIONAL ART CRITICISM IN 20TH- AND 21ST-CENTURY IN KAZAKHSTAN

The independence of Kazakhstan and its state sovereignty became important reforming factors in the new social fabric and worldview of the nation, its culture and art, the main component of which is the replacement of former political ideals and the mythologization of its own past. In Kazakhstan, official and unofficial art lives side by side and is displayed in various exhibition venues, which avoids a mindset of opposition and allows for art historians and curators to create divisions by preference. In Kazakhstan, there is a long-overdue need for serious comprehension of, and fixation on, artistic initiatives. Here, we are not regarding ‘fixation’ as the photography and videography of events; we need something different – analysis of the work of individual researchers, painting a picture of the direction of research and the development of the creative side of art criticism institutions in Kazakhstan. This article is an attempt to understand the realities of 21st-century Kazakhstani fine art. It is important to determine the most important institutions and bring the achievements of art criticism in Kazakhstan to the global community, based on the work of individual researchers. Aiming to grasp and examine the main directions and goals of contemporary art critics, we have discovered the individual directions and themes of leading researchers, which serves as a basis for the revealing the characteristic traits of art criticism in Kazakhstan through the prism of individual knowledge and passions.

Young Adult Cancer Patients (AYA): Preferences for Outpatient Psychosocial Care and Gender-Specific Differences - Results from the AYA-LE study

To investigate the importance of individual topics in outpatient care services and the preferences for their design from the perspective of young adults with cancer (AYA="adolescents and young adults") in Germany. A total of 514 AYAs aged 18-39 years were surveyed twice over a 12-month period (t1=immediately after acute treatment, t2=12 months post-treatment) regarding the importance and satisfaction with topics such as anxiety, the impact of the illness on partnerships/family and social environment, future perspectives, personal coping strategies, sexuality, and desire for children/fertility, as well as the types of care services. The subjective importance and satisfaction with the care topics and services were analyzed using variance and moderator analyses. The most important topics for care services were future career prospects (M=3.22, SD=1.56), social impact (M=3.19, SD=1.54), and personal coping strategies (M=3.52, SD=1.46). The greatest dissatisfaction was noted in the areas of sexuality (M=2.01, SD=1.59) and desire for children/fertility (M=2.08, SD=1.72). At time t2, relaxation techniques (M=3.46, SD=1.36) and psychological counseling (M=3.43, SD=1.46) were the most desired care services. Female AYAs rated psychological counseling (F[1.199)=9.21, p=0.003), social counseling (F[1.221]=6.60, p=0.011), creative therapy options (F[1.219]=21.74, p<0.001), support groups (F[1.215]=4.29, p=0.040), patient education (F[1.210]=6.96, p=0.009), and relaxation techniques (F[1.194]=23.68, p<0.001) significantly more important than male AYAs. The study highlighted several areas of dissatisfaction with the current outpatient care services for AYAs. The results demonstrate the need to incorporate cross-sex and gender-specific care preferences of AYAs to improve outpatient psychosocial care. A specific set of AYA-care services should be designed and implemented to address the aforementioned psychosocial topics, which include sexuality and the desire for children/fertility. It is also crucial for outpatient practice to raise awareness among the involved professional groups. Further research is required to gain a deeper understanding of sex differences.

Social-ecological barriers and facilitators to seeking inpatient psychiatric care among transgender and nonbinary people: A qualitative descriptive study.

To assess barriers and facilitators to seeking inpatient psychiatric treatment among transgender and nonbinary people. Qualitative interview study. Semi-structured interviews were conducted from March 2019 to June 2022 with transgender and nonbinary people admitted to an inpatient psychiatric hospital in the United States during the past 5 years. Data were analysed using thematic analysis and constructed within a modified social-ecological model of stigma. Standards for Reporting Qualitative Research were used for this study. Participants (N = 15) described barriers and facilitators across all three social-ecological levels. i) Individual themes included distrust of the mental healthcare system, feeling unsafe, loss of autonomy, minimizing one's own mental health needs, and feelings of accountability to others. ii) Interpersonal themes included: lack of support for transgender/nonbinary identity, limited transgender/nonbinary knowledge among mental healthcare professionals, and allyship. iii) Structural themes included: carceral setting, financial costs, and availability of non-profit treatment options. Multi-level themes were identified as barriers and facilitators to seeking inpatient psychiatric care for transgender and nonbinary people, providing opportunities among inpatient settings to improve care delivery and engagement. Greater health equity can be achieved by addressing barriers to care. Incorporating inclusive and affirming practices in inpatient psychiatric services presents an opportunity to reduce barriers to seeking care. The present study describes the experiences of transgender and nonbinary people as they determine whether to voluntarily seek inpatient psychiatric treatment. This perspective allows nurses, health systems, and policymakers to integrate transgender and nonbinary people's needs to improve healthcare delivery. Transgender and nonbinary participants were recruited in collaboration with community organizations. Members of the transgender and nonbinary community participated in study design development and analysis and were part of the study team.

The meanings of professional development: Perspectives of Malaysian piano teachers

In Malaysia, the work of music studio teachers outside of schools and in private settings is unregulated and teachers have limited access to professional development opportunities. Globally, research on the professional development of music teachers has mostly focused on classroom music teachers, where professional development is often mandated and official support provided. However, little is known about how music studio teachers view professionalism and how they access professional development in this context, nor what this development means for them. For this interpretative phenomenological analysis, we interviewed 12 piano teachers who work in Malaysia to understand the meanings of professionalism and professional development for them. Individual themes that arose from within-case analysis were conceptually combined to form eight superordinate themes. The first four superordinate themes relate to understandings of professionalism. Participants described a professional pride which involves not only a love and enjoyment of music and of teaching, but also manifests flexibility and responsiveness; it entails both teacher and student performing and understanding music, and demonstrates relationality, communication skills, and a positive character. The remaining four superordinate themes relate to understandings of professional development, including the ideas that professional development requires proactivity, that professional development opportunities are affected by environmental and material factors, that professional connections affect development, and finally that training, experience, and mentorship support professional development. In this article, we posit that the lack of formal structures in Malaysia means that professionalism is self-determined by the teacher, while professional development relies on the individual commitment and motivation of teachers. Teachers need greater access to support systems or learning opportunities, and the move to online teacher support sessions due to the COVID disruptions offers some opportunities for supporting professional development more effectively.