Individual Questionnaire Research Articles

Analysis of the Information Management System for Acute Flaccid Paralysis Surveillance in Togo

The Global Polio Eradication Initiative remains relevant only if acute flaccid paralysis (AFP) surveillance systems maintain optimal performance. Regular evaluations of these systems are essential to identify shortcomings, enhance capacity, and ensure an appropriate response. In this context, a comprehensive analysis of the documentation and communication methods used during AFP case investigations was conducted in the Ogou health zone in Togo. This assessment aimed to highlight potential gaps and propose corrective measures to strengthen the fight against polio. Methods: A cross-sectional study was carried out across 13 primary healthcare centers, the district health laboratory, and the national reference laboratory, which are critical links in the AFP epidemiological surveillance chain. Data were collected using a structured grid to extract information from registers, suspect case investigation forms, AFP notification forms, stool sample accompanying forms, and weekly reports. Additionally, semi-structured individual questionnaires were administered to personnel involved in AFP case investigations to gather their perspectives and experiences. Results: The AFP surveillance system’s responsiveness was generally satisfactory, with a median alert notification time of 18 hours, below the prescribed threshold of 24 hours. Report completeness was also deemed satisfactory. However, timeliness in transmitting results, both by the national reference laboratory and the primary healthcare centers, remained insufficient. Evaluating the information management system revealed logistical and organizational deficiencies within the AFP surveillance system.

Occupational Stress Risk and Its Impact on Job Performance Among Bahraini Healthcare Workers: A Cross-Sectional Study.

Introduction Occupational stress has become increasingly prevalent in the health sector in recent years. This stress poses significant risks, affecting not only the well-being of healthcare workers but also the quality of care patients receive. Therefore, this study aims to assess the prevalence of occupational stress among health workers, identify its roots, and examine its effects on productivity. Methods and materials Data were collected through an electronic survey process from several healthcare professionals employed at two governmental hospitals in the Kingdom of Bahrain. The participants were selected through a random sampling approach, targeting healthcare professionals who met specific inclusion criteria. These criteria required the participants to have at least one year of professional experience, work a minimum of 20 hours per week, and be involved in direct patient care. The research team invited eligible participants via email, ensuring the representation of diverse roles, including doctors, nurses, and allied health professionals. Excluded roles included administrative staff, pharmacists, and laboratory technicians, who have limited patient interaction. The survey, completed voluntarily and anonymously, included 46 questions that focused on work demographics,the Perceived Stress Scale (PSS), and the Individual Work Performance Questionnaire (IWPQ). Occupational stress and job performance were analyzed as dependent variables, with statistical analysis conducted using the Statistical Package for Social Sciences version 23 (IBM Corp., Armonk, NY). Results Most of the health workers were found to experience moderate to high levels of occupational stress, with a prevalence rate of 90.2%. Despite this, the majority (63.1%) satisfactorily performed their job duties. Moreover, a significant negative correlation was observed between job performance and occupational stress (r = -0.965). Conclusion This research reveals that occupational stress among Bahraini health workers is high and leads to reduced job performance.

Work-Family Conflict And Job Performance With Work Engagement As A Mediator (Study On Working Mothers)

This study aims to examine the mediating role of work engagement in the relationship between work family conflict and job performance. Work engagement is a positive work-related state of mind characterized by vigor, dedication and absorption. Work family conflict is a form of conflict between roles as professionals and roles in the family. Job performance is a description of tasks / work or work behavior as an employee in a company company. Participants in the study totaled 360 with the characteristics of women who are married (mothers), with school-age children, and work in a company. The measuring instrument used to measure work engagement is the Utrecht Work Engagement Scale 9 (Schaufeli et al, 2006). The measuring instrument used to measure work family conflict is the WFC & FWC Scale (Netemeyer et al., 1996). The measuring instrument used to measure job performance is the Individual Work Performance Questionnaire (IWPQ; Koopmans et al., 2014). Based on data analysis using the Moderated Regression Analysis (MRA) method, work engagement can mediate the relationship between work family conflict with task performance and contextual performance. The implication of the results of this study is that it can explain the relationship between work family conflict and job performance mediated by work engagement. In addition, the results of this study can be the basis for policy making to create a supportive environment for women to work optimally in the world of work.

Factors associated with low birth weight in low-income populations in the Western Balkans: insights from the multiple indicator cluster survey

IntroductionLow birth weight, defined as a birth weight below 2,500 g, represents a significant public health concern with a multifactorial risk dimension. Socio-demographic factors and individual characteristics of women and their social environment could influence low birth weight. This study aimed to analyze the association between the socio-demographic and reproductive characteristics of women living in low-income households and low birth weight in Serbia, Kosovo, and Montenegro.MethodsThis study was conducted as secondary data analysis during the Multiple Indicator Cluster Survey – Round 6 in Serbia, Kosovo, and Montenegro. The household questionnaire and the individual questionnaire for women aged 15–49 were used as standard research instruments. We analyzed 1,019 women whose households belonged to the first (poorest) or second (poor) wealth index quintiles and who had given birth to a live child within the 2 years preceding the study. A multivariate logistic regression was applied with low birth weight in newborns as the outcome variable.ResultsThe univariate regression analysis showed that women with low birth weight newborns were significantly more likely to live in settlements mainly inhabited by Roma, reside in urban areas, marry or enter a union before age 18, have lower education levels, experience higher illiteracy rates, and receive antenatal care not provided by a medical doctor compared to women whose newborns weighed 2.5 kg or more. A multivariate logistic regression model with a low birth weight of newborns as an outcome variable showed the association between women’s illiteracy (OR: 1.741; 95% CI: 1.060–2.859) and antenatal care not provided by a medical doctor (OR: 2.735; 95% CI: 1.229–6.087).DiscussionIlliteracy and limited access to medical doctor services during pregnancy were factors that increased the likelihood of low birth weight in newborns born to women living in low-income households in the selected Western Balkans populations. The cross-sectional design of this study does not allow the establishment of causal relationships among variables, but it can provide important evidence for future prevention strategies. Interventions are needed to enhance the education of women and to improve access to antenatal care across Serbia, Kosovo, and Montenegro.

Comparison between DSQIID total / sub-item scores and plasma p-tau elevation in adults with Down's syndrome.

The Dementia Screening Questionnaire for Individuals with Intellectual Disabilities (DSQIID) is an appropriate screening tool for detecting dementia in Down's syndrome patients. However, whether this questionnaire reflects the neuropsychiatric signs of biomarker-confirmed Alzheimer's disease in DS (DS-AD) remains unknown. To address this issue, we compared the plasma phosphorylated tau (P181tau: p-tau) level of a representative AD biomarker with the total score and each sub-score of the DSQIID. The DSQIID was completed by 43 of the 56 individuals enrolled in the study. The DSQIID total scores tended to be positively associated with age, and some sub-scores increased in an age-dependent manner. DSQIID total scores and some sub-scores were also positively correlated with plasma p-tau levels, while all significant correlations disappeared after adjusting for age. Moreover, one sub-score appeared to have a significant negative correlation with plasma p-tau levels after adjusting for age. The DSQIID likely reflects age-associated behavioral changes in patients with DS. Meanwhile, their scores did not correlate with plasma p-tau after adjusting for age, suggesting that there might be room for improvement in the DSQIID for detecting DS-AD.

The Relationship between Happiness at Work and Performance in Hybrid Working Employees in the Era of Digital Transformation

This study examines the relationship between happiness at work and performance of hybrid employees in the era of digital transformation. Hybrid work systems, which combine working from home and the office, have become increasingly popular in the post-COVID-19 pandemic as they improve work-life balance. Happiness at work, which includes engagement, job satisfaction, and affective organizational commitment, is hypothesised to be related to performance. Using a quantitative approach with a correlational design, this study involved 220 hybrid employees in Jabodetabek. The measurement tools used were Happiness at Work Scale and Individual Work Performance Questionnaire. The results of Spearman analysis showed a significant positive relationship between happiness at work and performance (r = 0.546, p < 0.001). These results confirm that happiness at work contributes to improved performance. Organisations need to support employee well-being through work flexibility and effective technology to increase productivity.

A common metric for questionnaires on health anxiety in cancer patients.

After a cancer diagnosis, life is accompanied by worries, concerns and fears that the disease will recur or worsen. These can be normal and useful reactions but may also become so severe that they interfere with everyday functioning. A challenge for patient care is that the theoretical similarity of these reactions, is not consistently conceptualized in practice, hence the empirical comparability of their measures is unclear. Here we intend to show that the theoretical similarity is also empirically justified, and we present a common metric in graphical form that allows direct comparisons between different questionnaires. A total of 1,733 cancer patients completed the Fear of Progression Questionnaire Short Form, Questionnaire on Stress in Cancer Patients-revised version, Concerns About Recurrence Questionnaire, the subscales Health Distress and Negative Health Outlook of the EORTC QLQ-SURV100, and the Whiteley Index. Using a model based on item response theory, we linked the score values of the individual questionnaires. The main outcome of this study is a diagram that can be used to convert the respective values of eight questionnaires on health anxiety to another. All instruments showed a reliability above 0.75 near the mean health anxiety level. The common metric can be used to compare measurements with these questionnaires in terms of the level of health anxiety. Additionally, the reliability of the instruments can be judged at different levels of anxiety. This allows for a better comparability of test results and facilitates communication about the results among experts and with patients.

Dementia Prevention Self-Management in Older Thai Adults with Type 2 Diabetes: Development and Psychometric Properties of Two Questionnaires.

The prevalence of dementia, a complication of uncontrolled type 2 diabetes (T2DM), is rising among older adults. Effective self-management for dementia prevention is essential, but no validated questionnaires currently exist to evaluate these behaviors. The Dementia Preventive Individual and Family Self-Management Process Questionnaire (DP-IFSM-PQ) and the Dementia Preventive Self-Management Behavior Questionnaire (DPSMBQ) were developed based on the Individual and Family Self-Management Theory to evaluate dementia prevention self-management behaviors in older adults with T2DM. Items for the DP-IFSM-PQ (30 items) and DPSMBQ (29 items) were generated through literature review and tested for face validity. A quantitative cross-sectional study evaluated their psychometric properties using exploratory factor analysis (EFA) (n = 311) and confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) (n = 254). The final DP-IFSM-PQ comprises four factors and 29 items, showing acceptable fit with limited discriminant validity. The DPSMBQ includes seven factors and 27 items, demonstrating good fit and acceptable discriminant validity. The Thai-language DP-IFSM-PQ and DPSMBQ show reasonable psychometric properties for application in Thai older adults, but revisions of certain items and further studies are recommended to reassess their properties.

RACIAL LITERACY

This article describes the development and implementation of a pedagogical intervention project. The intervention presents a reflection on ethnic-racial relations in current Brazilian times for students of the "Strategic Planning" discipline of the Higher Education Course in Management Processes at a college in Florianópolis, SC, Brazil. The objectives involve bibliographical research, assessment of students' knowledge, discussion of concepts and proposals to combat racism, racial literacy and its application in a racist society. The methodology includes content presentation, individual and collective questionnaires, debates and feedback. Results indicate interest from students, but with conceptual gaps and limited views on combating racism. The intervention provided reflection and learning, highlighting the need for continuous actions to consolidate racial literacy. Educating in this context requires acknowledging privileges and deconstructing deep-rooted concepts. This pedagogical proposal represents a step forward in redefining perceptions but highlights the importance of persistent efforts for effective changes.

Validated questionnaires for the assessment of Italian patients with pelvic floor dysfunctions: a systematic review.

Pelvic floor dysfunctions (PFDs) have a complex, multifactorial pathophysiology that impacts women's health and must be identified to provide the most appropriate care and treatment. Therefore, symptom and quality of life (QoL) questionnaires, briefly identified as patient-reported outcomes (PROs), have been developed. Despite the large number of questionnaires available for the assessment of PFDs and QoL-related issues in English, few of them have been validated for the Italian language. The aim of this article is to systematically review the literature on Italian-language validated PROs for PFDs assessment, along with practical information on literature references and suggestions on how to obtain each individual questionnaire. A systematic review according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) Statement was performed up to 1 March 2024. PubMed/MEDLINE databases and websites were used to identify validated questionnaires in Italian language for PFDs. Once identified, the possibility of obtaining a copy of the questionnaire was checked, and the steps to obtain one are given in the text. Thirty-five Italian-validated questionnaires were included: 17 out of 35 (48.6%) questionnaires focused on Lower urinary tract symptoms, 1 (2.8%) on genital prolapse symptoms, 8 (22.8%) on sexuality, 3 (8.6%) on bowel symptoms and 6 (17.2%) on pelvic dysfunctions. The literature search turned up seven more Italian PRO validation papers than the previous review. Specifically, the newly validated PROs include: Pelvic Organ Prolapse/Urinary Incontinence Sexual Questionnaire (PISQ-12), Sexual Desire and Erotic Fantasies (SDEF) Questionnaire, Sexual Inhibition/Sexual Excitation Scales (SIS/SES), 12-Item Sexual Distress Scale (SDS) and 5-Item Sexual Distress Scale-Short Form (SDS-SF), Vaizey and Wexner and fecal incontinence severity index (FISI) questionnaires, Pelvic Floor Distress Inventory (PFDI-20) questionnaire, Intermittent Catheterization Acceptance Test (I-CAT). This systematic review is intended to be a tool to promote the adoption of appropriate PROs when studying PFDs in Italian patients.

Abdominal wall closure: how do we do it in Spain? Survey of specialist general surgeons members of the AEC (Spanish Society of Surgeons).

To evaluate the knowledge of abdominal wall closure in a cohort of specialist general surgeons who are members of the AEC and to see its adequacy with current recommendations. Sub-analysis in terms of years of specialization. Individual questionnaire of 21 questions on abdominal wall closure in elective and urgent context. A total of 371 responses were received from specialist surgeons who are members of the AEC. Closure of the median laparotomy is performed with continuous suture in 99.7% and with slowly absorbable materials in 95.4%. 88.4% of surgeons report using the ratio equal to or greater than 4:1 between suture length and incision length (SL:IL) and short stitches. These results are equivalent in transverse and urgent elective laparotomy. 85.2% of the respondents systematically close trocars of 10 millimeters or more and 30.7% use prophylactic mesh in high-risk patients. Surgeons with less than 10 years of experience use the ratio ≥ 4:1 SL:IL and short stitches (93.4% vs 84.9%; p = 0.013). Abdominal wall closure among general surgeons who are members of the ACS is adequate and adjusted to the recommendations with a tendency to improve among surgeons with less experience. There is an opportunity for improvement in the use of prophylactic mesh in high-risk patients.

Work Engagement and Performance of Romanian School Teachers During the COVID-19 Pandemic: The Impact of Sociodemographic and Contextual Factors

The pandemic has led to significant changes in teaching environments, which may have affected teacher engagement and performance. The aim of the paper is to investigate the levels of work engagement (WE) and work performance (WP) during the pandemic among teachers in primary and lower secondary schools in Romania and to identify if the dimensions of these two concepts differ according to gender, age, residence, status, teaching degree, and course profile, filling a gap in the specialized literature regarding these variables in Romanian education. We conducted a survey between February and March 2022 on a sample of 1051 teachers using the Utrecht Work Engagement Scale (UWES) and the Individual Work Performance Questionnaire (IWPQ 0.3). Teachers reported a high level of engagement and work performance, higher levels of WE being identified among female teachers and those teaching in rural areas. Younger teachers showed the lowest work engagement, despite their familiarity with the digital tools used during the COVID-19 pandemic. Interestingly, while gender and employment status did not have a significant impact on job performance, contextual performance was higher among tenured teaching staff and women. In addition, the profile of subjects taught significantly affected engagement and performance. The results of this research can contribute to a more dynamic and supportive educational system, ultimately leading to improved outcomes for teachers and students.

Examining Dimensionality and Item-Quality of the Eating Disorder Examination Questionnaire in Individuals With Eating Disorders Using Item Response Theory Analysis.

The Eating Disorder Examination Questionnaire (EDE-Q) is a widely-used measure of eating-disorder symptoms. However, inconsistent replication of the subscale structure raises concern about validity. To provide a rigorous test of the EDE-Q's dimensionality and item-quality, we applied modern and classical test theory approaches to data obtained from a large, transdiagnostic sample of people with clinical eating disorders. We analyzed data from 1197 individuals (Mage = 27.9 years, SD = 10.08, 95% female) with various eating disorders, who had been assessed for treatment at a specialized program. Exploratory analyses (including Parallel Analyses), Confirmatory Factor Analyses (CFA) and graded-response Item Response Theory (IRT) analyses, were conducted with Mplus. Factor analyses showed inappropriate fit to the original EDE-Q subscales, as well as for alternative 1,2,3, and 4-factor solutions. Parallel analyses suggested a one-dimensional structure as best fit. IRT analyses showed substantial variability in EDE-Q-item quality and indicated that five items (fear of weight gain, feeling fat, desire to lose weight, importance of weight, importance of shape) were most pertinent to determining severity. The construct validity of the five EDE-Q items was confirmed by a CFA, showing excellent fit. Our results suggest that EDE-Q scores are best interpreted as spanning a one-factor continuum. IRT results suggest that some items are more pertinent than others for determining eating-disorder severity. Results could be useful for establishing short EDE-Q versions, such as a five-item version, which, in turn, would be helpful for measurement-based clinical practice and for data-collection in epidemiological and experimental studies.

Translation and cross-cultural adaptation of the self evaluation of breathing questionnaire (SEBQ) into Danish

ABSTRACT Background and Purpose Dysfunctional breathing (DB) with or without an underlying medical condition is associated with impaired quality of life. DB-related symptoms can be measured with the 25-item Self Evaluation of Breathing Questionnaire (SEBQ). However, the SEBQ is not available in Danish.The aim of the present study was to translate and cross-culturally adapt the SEBQ into Danish and to assess the face validity of the Danish version of the questionnaire in individuals with DB-related symptoms. Materials and Methods The SEBQ was translated and cross-culturally adapted into Danish using an internationally acknowledged six-step forward-backward translation guideline in an interactive process with an expert committee of clinicians, translators, methodologists and the SEBQ developer. Face validity was explored through semi-structured interviews with 24 adult individuals with DB-related symptoms (age 20–70 years, female n = 14). Results The SEBQ was successfully translated and cross-culturally adapted into Danish. Three major modifications were made following the translation process and participant interviews. First, an introductory paragraph, including a recall period of the previous seven days, was added. Second, the administration of the questionnaire was changed from a paper to an electronic version. Finally, adaptations regarding semantic equivalence, especially concerning being ‘breathless’ and ‘short of breath’, were performed. The participants expressed that the final version of the SEBQ embraced their DB-related symptoms, was understandable, and easy to complete. Conclusion The SEBQ is the first available Danish questionnaire to measure DB-related symptoms, following an internationally acknowledged cross-cultural adaptation and face validity evaluation approach. This promising validation should be followed by an assessment of measurement properties in individuals with DB-related symptoms to investigate the adequacy of the SEBQ in a Danish context.

Detecting functional impairment with the Digital Clock and Recall.

Distinguishing between mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and early dementia requires both neuropsychological and functional assessment that often relies on caregivers' insights. Contacting a patient's caregiver can be time-consuming in a physician's already-filled workday. To assess the utility of a brief, machine learning (ML)-enabled digital cognitive assessment, the Digital Clock and Recall (DCR), for detecting functional dependence. We evaluated whether the DCR can help identify individuals at risk of functional deficits as measured by the informant-rated Functional Activities Questionnaire (FAQ) in older individuals including cognitively unimpaired, MCI, and dementia likely due to Alzheimer's disease. The DCR scaled well with FAQ scores, and ML classifiers trained on multimodal DCR features demonstrated strong performance in predicting functional impairment on a held-out test set. Differences in FAQ scores between DCR-predicted classes were comparable across key demographic groups. The DCR can streamline the clinical decision-making, triage, and intervention planning associated with functional impairment in primary care.

The Potential of a Mobile Augmented Reality Game in Education for Sustainability: Report and Analysis of an Activity with the EduCITY App

The integration of augmented reality (AR) into education for sustainability curricula not only makes learning more engaging, motivating, and effective, but also equips students with the knowledge and skills to address pressing environmental challenges. This paper presents a case study of a pedagogical approach based on the exploration of an AR game in the EduCITY app and aims to analyse the potential of the ‘EduCITY at the UA Campus’ mobile AR game in what concerns the promotion of education for sustainability among secondary students. The game was explored in the largest annual event of the University of Aveiro—XPERiMENTA—which invited students and the wider community to participate in activities on the campuses. At the end of the activity, an individual and anonymous questionnaire to evaluate the game was applied. Students indicated that the game raises an awareness of sustainability and contributes to the development of knowledge and skills in this area. They were motivated throughout the match and managed to get a good performance out of playing. This study adds to the literature on the use of AR games in education for sustainability, by revealing that it can be an effective tool for engaging and motivating students with sustainability-related learning.

Content validation of a test battery for assessing sleep quality in adolescents in Slovenia

Abstract Background Sleep constitutes a fundamental biological necessity, occupying approximately one-third of our lifespan. Consequently, the field of sleep research has experienced an increase in interest, prompted by the recognition of insufficient sleep as a significant public health challenge. As the majority of existing questionnaires in Slovenia have yet to undergo official translation and validation processes, the aim of our study was to conduct content validation of a questionnaire designed to assess the sleep quality among adolescents. Methods We developed a test battery for assessing the sleep quality of adolescents by combining a diverse array of questionnaires. We employed the Adolescent Sleep-Wake Scale, Pediatric Daytime Sleepiness Scale, Epworth Sleepiness Scale for Children and Adolescents, and Children’s Morningness-Eveningness Scale. Following the development of the entire test battery, a process of back-translation from English to Slovene occurred, followed by cultural adaptation. Results The designed questionnaire underwent content validation by a panel of 10 experts drawn from diverse disciplines. Evaluation of questionnaire items followed a planned methodology tailored for the content validation of measurement instruments, focusing on content relevance, clarity, and classification into subscales or factors. Our analysis revealed that the individual questionnaires demonstrate content validity, supported by notably high indices of content validity. Conclusions Translated questionnaires demonstrate decent content validity, thus rendering them valid clinical and research tools for assessing sleep quality in adolescents in Slovenia. Key messages • Our research indicates the availability of content-valid tools for sleep research. • Further investigation is needed to determine the reliability, specificity, sensitivity, and appropriateness of the factorial structure of measures for the quality of sleep.

Psychometric Properties of the Credibility/Expectancy Questionnaire in Individuals with Opioid Use Disorder

ABSTRACT Credibility and expectancy are important aspects of therapy/treatment processes. We aimed to perform cross-cultural validation and examine the psychometric properties of the Credibility/Expectancy Questionnaire (CEQ). Ninety-one patients with opioid use disorder from Tobacco, Alcohol, and Drug Addiction Treatment Program were included in the study. Sociodemographic data form, CEQ, Beck Depression Inventory (BDI), State and Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI), and Attitudes Toward Seeking Psychological Professional Help Scale-Short Form (ATSPPHS-SF) were filled out by participants. Confirmatory factor analyses showed that CEQ has two factors in our sample, similar to the original version. Reliability analyses showed that CEQ has a high internal consistency and test-retest reliability. Regarding convergent validity results, CEQ was correlated with ATSPPHS-SF. No significant correlation was found between CEQ and BDI and STAI regarding discriminant validity results. In conclusion, the Turkish version of CEQ is a valid, reliable scale and could be used in patients with opioid use disorder. In patients with opioid use disorder, we contributed to the addiction literature by adapting a short and effective survey that measures trust and expectation.

Known-Group Validity and Sensitivity to Change in the Sensory-Motor Dysfunction Questionnaire in Individuals with Neck Pain: A Pilot Study.

Sensorimotor dysfunction is often reported in individuals experiencing neck pain, irrespective of severity and chronicity. The treatment of neck dysfunction has been found to positively impact sensorimotor integration (SMI), thereby improving sensorimotor function. However, no patient-reported outcome measure has been validated for discrimination between healthy individuals and neck pain patients with disordered SMI, nor has there been documentation of positive change in SMI following neck pain treatment.The purpose of this study was to administer the Sensory-Motor Dysfunction Questionnaire (SMD-Q), for the purposes of: (1) known-group validity between individuals without and with chronic neck pain (CNP) or subclinical neck pain (SCNP); (2) assess the questionnaire's capacity to quantify changes in altered SMI following a tailored treatment plan. Part 1-Known Group Validity: The SMD-Q was administered to 30 neck pain (13 with CNP, and 17 with SCNP), and 30 healthy participants. Part 2-Sensitivity to Change: The SMD-Q was re-administered to neck pain participants following their tailored treatment plans (SCNP-8-weeks and CNP-12 weeks). The SMD-Q can discriminate between healthy and neck pain participants (p ≤ 0.001), and may be sensitive to showing treatment effects (ηp2 = 0.162; large effect size (ES)), but the sample size was too small to determine if it can discriminate treatment effects between groups (ηp2 = 0.070; medium ES). Differing degrees of disordered SMI can be discriminated by the SMD-Q, but further research is needed to determine its sensitivity to treatment.

Assessing the Turkish version of the Individual Work Performance Questionnaire (IWPQ) for its validity and reliability

BackgroundsThis study aimed to assess the validity and reliability of the Turkish version of the Individual Work Performance Questionnaire (IWPQ).MethodsA total of 340 adult participants who had been working for at least 8 h a day completed the study questionnaire online. The questionnaire consisted of sections on demographics and socioeconomic characteristics, the IWPQ, and the ultrashortened version of the Utrecht Work Engagement Scale (UWES-3). Principal component analysis (PCA) with Promax rotation was conducted to assess the e three-factor structure for the Turkish version of the IWPQ. Cronbach’s alpha was used to determine internal consistency. The intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) was used to assess test-retest reliability. Spearman correlation coefficients were calculated between the IWPQ and UWES-3 scales to evaluate convergent validity.ResultsThe three factors accounted for a total variance ratio of 60.7%. Cronbach’s alphas of three subscales (task performance, contextual performance, and counterproductive work behavior) were 0.894, 0.875, and 0.796, respectively. Test-retest reliability showed high agreement, with ICCs of 0.96, 0.98, and 0.91 for the respective scales. There was a statistically significant correlation between UWES-3 and the task performance subscale (ρ = 0.367 and p < 0.001), a statistically significant correlation between UWES-3 and the contextual performance subscale (ρ = 0.403 and p < 0.001), and a statistically significant correlation between UWES-3 and the CWB subscale (ρ=-0.352 and p < 0.001).ConclusionsThe Individual Work Performance Questionnaire (IWPQ) identifies work performance.The Turkish version of the IWPQ scales demonstrated validity and reliability in assessing individual work performance.