Individual Protection Research Articles

Multiple birds with one stone: A new type of PPy/Fe3O4/rGO multifunctional composite fabric for wave absorption, UV resistance, anti-static and thermal insulation

To solve the problem of electromagnetic radiation pollution, it is especially important to develop electromagnetic wave-absorbing materials with excellent performance. The preparation of composite multifunctional textile materials with excellent wave-absorbing properties is one of the research hotspots for practical personal protection applications. In this work, PPy/Fe3O4/rGO polyester/cotton composite fabrics were prepared by impregnation, chemical reduction, chemical co-precipitation and in situ polymerization. When the thickness is 0.97 mm, the minimum reflection loss (RLmin) of PPy/Fe3O4/rGO polyester/cotton composite fabric is −12.12 dB, and the effective absorption bandwidth (EAB) is 4.7 GHz, which is excellent in wave absorption. Meanwhile, the PPy/Fe3O4/rGO polyester/cotton composite fabrics have excellent UV resistance (UV transmittance ratio of UVA and UVB bands as low as 0.02 %, UPF value of 100+), antistatic properties (static voltage half-life of 0.2 s), and excellent thermal management properties (thermal conductivity as low as 0.05796 W/(m·K)), and so on. The PPy/Fe3O4/rGO polyester/cotton composite fabrics prepared in this study are suitable for a variety of application scenarios, such as individual electromagnetic protection, individual protection in extremely cold environments, and individual heating physiotherapy, which is of great reference significance for the research of wearable individual protective textile materials.

Weapon Detection Using FRCNN

Abstract: Due to the increase in crime in remote and congested places, security is a top priority in all fields. Computer vision is having numerous uses for abnormal objects recognition and monitoring to deal with an array of scenarios. It's necessary for video surveillance systems to be employed as a way to fulfil the growing need and the protection of individual's financial assets, safety, and security, and to enhance having the capacity to detect and assess unusual events, is necessary for intelligence monitoring.This enables the utilization of FRCNN machine learning that autonomously identify weapons. Two different types of datasets will be utilized in the provided implementation. A pair of datasets can be downloaded, one with labelled photos and the second with a combination of manually labelled photos. In almost all of the aforementioned scenarios, algorithms gather precise data; nevertheless, how well speed and precision coincide could impact how algorithms are used in real-life instances

Perceptions of Consumer Fraud and Aging Among Older People and the Judiciary in China.

Systematic research has been conducted on the relationship between aging and consumer fraud victimization. But few empirical studies examine the reality of judicial dispute resolution in consumer fraud against older people from the perspective of older adults and judges in China. Based on 161 court rulings, this qualitative study explores the perceptions of older adults in litigation about their experiences of being defrauded in China, alongside judges' responses. Results reveal that common fraud patterns used by business perpetrators render older individuals more susceptible to fraud. Older plaintiffs strategically frame "old age" in litigation, potentially as a tactical maneuver, while also readily emphasizing the importance of procedural justice. Results further show that judges expressed either negative ageism or age-neutral discourse in response to fraud targeting older individuals. Findings highlight the need to enhance consumer education to prevent fraud and address ageist stereotypes among older people. Findings also highlight the need to encourage Chinese courts to consider individual case specifics, leading to fair judgments and the protection of older individuals from fraud while upholding their rights.

DETERMINATION OF PROSPECTIVE DIRECTIONS FOR THE IMPROVEMENT OF MATERIALS FOR INDIVIDUAL ARMOR PROTECTION

An analysis of world experience in the direction of modern developments of high-strength aluminosilicate glass-crystalline materials, in particular, in the creation of lightweight armor, was carried out. The trends and current state of the glass-ceramics market from 2019 to 2023 have been determined, and an increase in demand for glass-crystalline materials for technical purposes has been established. It was determined that the orientation of the global glass-ceramic market towards fragmentation will allow domestic manufacturers to reduce import dependence and increase the competitiveness of domestic glass-ceramic materials on the world market. The prospect of using high-strength aluminosilicate glass-crystalline materials as a basis for the production of armor protection elements has been established. The criteria for the synthesis of high-strength armored steels have been selected. The choice of oxide systems for the production of protective glass-crystalline materials is substantiated, model glasses are synthesized and the technological parameters of production of impact-resistant sitals, which include cooking, forming, annealing and heat treatment, are determined. Model glasses were synthesized and their structure under thermal treatment conditions was investigated in relation to the physical and chemical properties of the materials based on them. It was established that the developed glass-crystalline materials based on lithium disilicate are characterized by high operational properties and can be used in the creation of modern armor. It was established that the developed high-strength spodumene glass-crystalline materials under the conditions of low-temperature two-stage heat treatment are characterized by high operational properties and can be used as a basis for the development of a composite element of individual armor protection. A comparative assessment of the operational properties and technical and economic indicators of known ceramic and glass-ceramic materials for armor protection made it possible to establish the competitiveness of the developed domestic spodumene-containing materials as elements of individual protection.

Pressures on Chinas LGBT Community and the Role of the Media in Safeguarding the Rights of This Group

Due to the different historical developments, there are significant differences between China and the West regarding culture and values. As a group that has always been sensitive, there is also a pronounced difference between how the Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual and Transgender (LGBT) group is treated in Chinese society and Western society. These differences include the aspects of social acceptance of the LGBT community, legal protections, as well as the pressures that they face from the family, workplace, and other levels. This research aims to conduct a comparative analysis of the status and treatment of the LGBT community in Chinese and Western societies, with a particular focus on the experiences of LGBT individuals in China. The study will investigate the challenges and discrimination faced by the LGBT community in China, including legal and social barriers to equality and inclusion. Additionally, the research will examine the ways in which LGBT individuals and activists in China are utilizing new media platforms to advocate for their rights and reduce stigma. Based on the findings, the study will propose recommendations for improving the social and legal protection of LGBT individuals in China, as well as strategies for increasing the visibility and representation of the LGBT community through media outreach and public education.

Did the prolonged residual efficacy of clothianidin products lead to a greater reduction in vector populations and subsequent malaria transmission compared to the shorter residual efficacy of pirimiphos-methyl?

BackgroundThe residual activity of a clothianidin + deltamethrin mixture and clothianidin alone in IRS covered more than the period of malaria transmission in northern Benin. The aim of this study was to show whether the prolonged residual efficacy of clothianidin-based products resulted in a greater reduction in vector populations and subsequent malaria transmission compared with the shorter residual efficacy of pirimiphos-methyl.MethodsHuman bait mosquito collections by local volunteers and pyrethrum spray collections were used in 6 communes under IRS monitoring and evaluation from 2019 to 2021. ELISA/CSP and species PCR tests were performed on Anopheles gambiae sensu lato (s.l.) to determine the infectivity rate and subspecies by commune and year. The decrease in biting rate, entomological inoculation rate, incidence, inhibition of blood feeding, resting density of An. gambiae s.l. were studied and compared between insecticides per commune.ResultsThe An. gambiae complex was the major vector throughout the study area, acounting for 98.71% (19,660/19,917) of all Anopheles mosquitoes collected. Anopheles gambiae s.l. collected was lower inside treated houses (45.19%: 4,630/10,245) than outside (54.73%: 5,607/10,245) after IRS (p < 0.001). A significant decrease (p < 0.001) in the biting rate was observed after IRS in all departments except Donga in 2021 after IRS with clothianidin 50 WG. The impact of insecticides on EIR reduction was most noticeable with pirimiphos-methyl 300 CS, followed by the clothianidin + deltamethrin mixture and finally clothianidin 50 WG. A reduction in new cases of malaria was observed in 2020, the year of mass distribution of LLINs and IRS, as well as individual and collective protection measures linked to COVID-19. Anopheles gambiae s.l. blood-feeding rates and parous were high and similar for all insecticides in treated houses.ConclusionTo achieve the goal of zero malaria, the optimal choice of vector control tools plays an important role. Compared with pirimiphos-methyl, clothianidin-based insecticides induced a lower reductions in entomological indicators of malaria transmission.

Opt-in or out? Public perspectives on forensic DNA kinship investigations within the Dutch-speaking community

Forensic DNA kinship investigation involves analyzing genetic relationships between individuals to offer new leads for solving (cold) cases. Familial DNA matching has become a valuable asset in criminal case investigations, especially when traditional DNA methods hit dead ends. However, concerns surrounding ethical and privacy implications raised questions about its implementation and acceptance among the general public. The present study investigated the public perspectives regarding forensic DNA kinship investigations among 1710 Dutch-speaking Belgians using an online cross-sectional survey. The questionnaire consisted of three categories, including personal information, DNA knowledge, and their opinion on several familial DNA searching and investigative genetic genealogy related questions. The participants' average DNA knowledge score was 71 %, indicating a relatively high level of understanding of DNA-related concepts. Remarkably, the study revealed that 92 % of the participants expressed willingness to cooperate as a volunteer in a forensic DNA kinship investigation, irrespective of their scientific background or educational level. Key factors influencing participation included assurance of painless sampling and robust privacy safeguards. Participants lacking familiarity with DNA hesitated more towards participating in forensic DNA analysis, referring to "the fear of the unknown". Despite ethical and privacy concerns, the highly positive attitude towards forensic DNA analysis reflects a level of empathy and willingness to contribute to the pursuit of justice. Nearly all participants (95 %) agreed to use online DNA databases for resolving violent crimes with forensic genetic genealogy, but half emphasized the need for prior informed consent, referring to the current “opt-in” system. The results underscore the need for stringent regulations and ethical oversight to ensure the responsible use of genetic data while striking a balance between public safety and the protection of individuals' privacy rights. These findings add to the growing body of evidence regarding the potential benefits of forensic DNA kinship matching as a tool in criminal investigations, suggesting its potential future utilization and legalization.

State Sovereignty and the Protection of Human Rights. How Military Humanitarian Intervention is Supported by Citizens Around the World

According to international law, the sovereignty of nation-states and the rights of individuals constitute two equally important principles. However, in instances when a state massively violates human rights, then priority is given to the protection of individuals over the self-determination of the state, thereby justifying humanitarian military intervention. This paper presents findings from a survey across 26 countries, analyzing citizen support for such intervention. We find that the majority of respondents supports military intervention to protect human rights. To explain the differences in support, we draw on world society theory and modernization theory. At first sight, world society theory offers a better framework for understanding citizens' attitudes towards military intervention. However, charcateristics derived from modernization theory are affected by a “suppression effect:” individuals living in more modernized countries and holding postmaterialist values endorse enforcing human rights but concurrently reject the use of military force.

Prevention and health promotion in dermatology

The term prevention includes measures that are used to avoid illnesses or damage to health as well as to reduce the risk of illness or to delay its occurrence. Preventive measures can be classified based on various criteria: temporal differentiation (primary, secondary, and tertiary prevention), context (behavioral and relational prevention), and recipient (general and individual prevention). Health promotion is used when appropriate measures are intended to strengthen and increase human health potential and resources. This includes, among other things, measures to develop health-promoting behavior (empowerment) and measures regarding the planning and implementation of health-promoting behavior (participation). One goal of these measures is generally to increase health literacy. This article describes examples of prevention and health promotion measures for occupational skin cancer (counseling approach for individual sun protection for outdoor workers; "individuelle Lichtschutzberatung" [ILB]) as well as occupational hand eczema within the meaning of German occupational disease number 5101 (outpatient and inpatient individual prevention measures). These are supplemented by the example of outpatient age-adapted small group trainings for patients with atopic dermatitis according to the multicenter evaluated concept of AGNES e. V. ("Arbeitsgemeinschaft Neurodermitisschulung") and ARNE ("Arbeitsgemeinschaft Neurodermitisschulung im Erwachsenenalter"). These examples also address aspects of sustainability and digitalization (eHealth, eLearning) in the areas of prevention and health promotion.

Does the type of privacy-protective behaviour matter? An analysis of online privacy protective action and motivation

ABSTRACT Individual decisions to protect privacy online are complex. Most research has treated privacy protection measures as a single, unitary category. This paper challenges this notion by looking at multiple categories of privacy protection behaviour. Our data are from the Oxford Internet Survey (OxIS) as well as insights from the semi-structured interviews. We find two types of privacy protective actions, which we call security actions and preventive actions. We use logistic regression, based on protection motivation theory, to investigate what leads people to take either type of action. The contribution of this research is three-fold. First, it shows that individual privacy protection cannot be treated as a single category. Second, it demonstrates that there are different motivations underlying different privacy protection actions. Finally, it proposes an expansion of protection motivation theory to include a contextual aspect based on Nissenbaum (2009, Privacy in context. Stanford University Press). This expansion considers the privacy context defined by actor, activity, values and norms. We suggest that future work on privacy should consider multiple categories and contextual settings.

Empowering Lives: Navigating the Landscape of Down Syndrome Support in Saudi Arabia

This study offers an in-depth analysis of Down syndrome (DS) in Saudi Arabia, encompassing healthcare, societal integration, and policy frameworks. It assesses DS prevalence within the Saudi population against global rates and underscores the progress in prenatal diagnostics and screening for early detection. The significance of neonatal care and early intervention programs in the comprehensive development of children with DS is highlighted. The paper explores societal perceptions and efforts to increase public awareness and reduce stigma, with a particular focus on media and educational initiatives. It reviews the educational landscape for individuals with DS, touching on inclusive policies and specialized programs, and evaluates the effectiveness and obstacles of these approaches. The study also compares Saudi policies and legal protections for individuals with DS to international standards, illustrating the country’s advancements toward global norms. It examines support systems, including contributions from nonprofits, community programs, and family services, and concludes with an identification of ongoing challenges and recommendations for future enhancements. This comprehensive overview underlines the importance of a multifaceted approach to supporting individuals with DS in Saudi Arabia, aiming to enhance their quality of life and ensure their full integration into society.

The protection of the Islamic minority beyond religious freedom: legal pluralism and reasonable accommodation in Europe

ABSTRACT: In Europe's diverse societal landscape, the Islamic minority, or a significant portion thereof, seeks to navigate life under Sharia law, especially concerning family matters. Despite the fact that the application of Sharia law, where permitted, has demonstrated its ability to adapt to the legal context, as in the case of Islamic arbitration, in the case of family law, the perception of an irreducible contrast with the values of Western countries appears particularly strong producing an inevitable paradox in relation with freedom of religion that may be restricted by the legal system. The core paradox lies in the potential infringement on religious freedom if Muslims were asked to forsake religious tenets or practices that align with the foundational principles of the legal system. Modern legal frameworks are thus challenged to find methods to harmonize the identity assertions of Islamic communities with the safeguarding of individual rights within these communities. With no specific safeguards for religious minorities, this study scrutinizes jurisprudence on family law from selected European courts. The objective is to unearth effective legal tools that respect the Islamic community's minority religious identity while upholding the essential tenets of the legal system, fostering a balance between collective religious identity and individual rights protection in a multicultural Europe. SUMMARY: 1 - Religious minorities between cultural identity and religious freedom: preliminary remarks - 2. Legal Pluralism and Religious Pluralism: Protection tools for religious minorities - 3. Muslims of Europe - 4.- The Interaction Between Sharia and the Legal System of the State: Techniques of Reasonable Accommodation and Islamic Family Law - 5. The protection of the Islamic minority beyond religious freedom: concluding remarks.

THE CRIMINAL CONFRONTATION FOR CRIMES OF DISCRIMINATION AND HATE SPEECH: A COMPARATIVE STUDY

Background: The crime of disseminating hate speech is considered amongst the most prominent crimes in this era, particularly with the rapid technological advancements witnessed globally, which have contributed to its emergence across all communities. Given its seriousness, this crime threatens societal stability and security. In a bid to foster a culture of global tolerance and encounter the various manifestations of discrimination and racism, the Emirati legislator enshrined criminal protection for individuals against discrimination and hate speech based on ethnicity, race and religion. This legal safeguard is articulated in Federal Law No. 34 of 2023 concerning Combating Discrimination, Hatred and Extremism. Moreover, the Federal Decree-Law No. 34 of 2021, which addresses Combating Rumors and Cybercrimes, further reinforces this legal framework, specifically targeting the spread of such offences through digital channels. This addition underscores the UAE’s comprehensive approach to addressing hate speech and discrimination, acknowledging the evolving nature of these crimes in an increasingly connected world. Methods: The research aims to explore the effectiveness of Emirati law in combating discrimination and hate speech crimes through a multi-method approach, which includes a comparative dimension. Firstly, we conducted a comprehensive literature review of existing legal texts and scholarly articles to understand the broader legal context and historical perspectives on these crimes. This review extended beyond Emirati legal sources to encompass international legal standards and comparative legal analyses, allowing us to contextualise the Emirati legal framework within a global perspective. Results and Conclusions: Our study has provided a detailed examination of the complexities and challenges in addressing the crimes of disseminating and promoting discrimination and hate speech within the UAE legal framework. We have identified that these crimes are inherently complex, requiring a specific intent to provoke violence and discrimination. Our analysis reveals a gap in the current legal approach, particularly in addressing the full scope of hate crimes and the nuances of criminal intent. In light of these findings, we have proposed several critical amendments to the UAE law combating discrimination and hate speech. These include refining the definitions and scope of discrimination in Article 1, incorporating "motive for hate" as a key element in Article 4, revising Article 10 to focus on general criminal intention, and enhancing penalties in Article 16 when foreign financial support is involved. These recommendations aim to strengthen the legal framework, making it more comprehensive and effective in combating discrimination and hate speech, thereby safeguarding social security and human rights. This research contributes significantly to understanding hate speech and discrimination crimes in the UAE and offers practical solutions for legal reform. It underscores the need for continuous evaluation and adaptation of laws to address evolving social challenges effectively.

SOCIAL PROTECTION OF CITIZENS WITH DISABILITIES IN UZBEKISTAN: DYNAMICS, CHALLENGES, AND PROGRESS

This article delves into the social protection measures and initiatives aimed at citizens with disabilities in Uzbekistan, analyzing the historical trajectory, current state, challenges, and advancements in this critical area. The discussion covers the legal framework, social policies, support programs, and the dynamics of social protection for individuals with disabilities in Uzbekistan. By exploring the challenges faced and progress made, this article aims to provide a comprehensive overview of the status of social protection for citizens with disabilities in Uzbekistan.

ПРАВОВІ МЕЖІ СУСПІЛЬНИХ ВІДНОСИН МІЖ ГРОМАДЯНСЬКИМ СУСПІЛЬСТВОМ ТА ОРГАНАМИ СУДОВОЇ ВЛАДИ

The evaluation procedure of the judiciary in the modern conditions of the relationship between civil society and the rule of law occupies a key place because the modern conditions for the formation of such relationships emphasize the struggle for the rule of law and the independence of judges. Within the framework of the study, it was found that the relationship between civil society and the rule of law implements the established system of checks and balances in ensuring the balance of social relations (including the recognition of lawful behavior as a perceived necessity) in general and the protection of individuals from the arbitrariness of authorities in particular. Therefore, in this context, the influential importance of the judiciary is given its ability to fully protect the violated rights of the individual and the interests of the state within the framework of the legal field. At the same time, it is necessary to state that the state and civil society, within the limits of their mutual relations, have certain regulatory and control functions regarding the activities of the judiciary. In such a case, the relationship between the state and civil society within the framework of the evaluation procedure of the judiciary's activity should be interpreted as a system that performs specific functions in order to characterize the presence of interconnected elements with clearly defined forms of relationships. At most, these relationships contain a number of specific elements, among which are the following: subjects of interaction, objects of interaction, mutual relations between subjects, and changes caused by the interaction of subjects. It is substantiated that the key feature of the court within the framework of the relationship between civil society and the rule of law is primarily the independence of the court through the independence of judges. The definition of the concept of "independent judge" is proposed, according to which such a judge is a highly qualified specialist who in his practical activities acts exclusively on the basis of the law, making unbiased legal decisions, relying on the requirements of regulatory legal acts, regardless of possible benefit for himself. In turn, the relationship between civil society and judicial authorities has a direct impact on increasing the efficiency of court work through the establishment of the principle of the rule of law, helping to ensure the independence of judges on the one hand, and increasing the level of legal awareness and legal culture of the population on the other hand.

Factors affecting the intention of purchasing life insurance in Dong Nai province

Life insurance not only plays a role in financial protection and savings for individuals and families, but also contributes to ensuring social security and sustainable economic development. Therefore, the article aims to determine the factors affecting individual customers' intention for buying life insurance in Dong Nai province. On that basis, the authors propose that the implication of corporate governance contributes to increasing the intent to purchase life insurance products. In the research paper, the authors used a qualitative method through document research, studying documents related to the research topic. Quantitative research was carried out with a sample of 350 customers, multiple linear regression analysis, and identified five factors with a significance level of 5%. Finally, the authors have proposed five governance implications in order of priority: Safety, social influence, convenience, ease of use, and benefits. Research results contribute to orientation for insurance organizations to improve the quality of life insurance products to better serve customers.

Give Your Life to the Economy: Death Management and Neoliberalism in the Brazil of the Pandemic – A Secondary Publication

This essay is a reflection on how the coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic has re-edited and updated the old mechanisms of neoliberalism and the management of death in Brazil. We discussed the imperatives and messages repeated since March 2020 in the media that transmit a false idea of freedom of choice concerning individual protection, while the State, reinforcing the neoliberal ideology and producing feelings of failure, guilt, and fear materially leaves a large part of the population unprotected. Then, we articulated notions about neoliberalism and the lack of social protection on how death management has been conducted during the pandemic. Finally, we reflected on the possibility of weather insurgency and promoted the idea that the established solidarity networks are expressions of solidarity and class identity based on what resembles us as humans.

Three-dimensional porous, flexible and lightweight reduced graphene oxide/Li0.35Zn0.3Fe2.35O4@SiO2 nanofibers aerogel for efficient microwave absorption

The development of flexible, lightweight, broadband EMW-absorbing materials is necessary for individual protection. However, balancing the mechanical properties and high absorbent performance of aerogel materials is challenging. We hypothesized that lightweight RGO/LZFO@SiO2 NFs flexible composite aerogels with three-dimensional (3D) porosity, flexibility and a high absorption capacity could be prepared via a simple preparation strategy combining electrospinning, freeze-drying, and heat curing. First, flexible LZFO@SiO2 NFs were prepared via sol–gel electrospinning, whereby LZFO particles were embedded in the SiO2 NFs. Subsequently, the LZFO@SiO2 NFs and graphene oxide (GO) were homogenized in deionized water with the addition of a crosslinker along with vigorous stirring. Finally, aerogels with cross-linked structures were obtained after freeze-drying and calcination treatments. Under 30% strain, the stress undergone by RGO/LZFO@SiO2 NFs-2 reached 32 kPa. After 200 anti-fatigue tests, the plastic deformation was 15%. The combined action of the RGO conductive elements and LZFO@SiO2 NFs magnetic elements cooperate to improved the impedance-matching imbalance, and the two were bonded to produce form a rich interface effect. The RGO/LZFO@SiO2 NFs-2 aerogel exhibited a minimum reflection loss (RLmin) of −55.1 dB (2.2 mm) and an effective absorption bandwidth (EAB) of 4.3 GHz.

Exploring South Africa’s Cybersecurity Legal Framework regulating Information Confidentiality, Integrity, and Availability

The discussion critically evaluates the effectiveness of laws dealing with cyber threats within the context of the South African cybersecurity landscape. It deals with the legal response to non-state cyber operations to national security and law enforcement by means of the domestic law and not with state or state-sponsored cyber operations which falls within the remit of the international law. Globally the digital ecosystems of all countries face a common denominator, namely the threat of cyber operations and how to deal with it effectively. There are various cyber operations, but the discussion mainly deals with cyber operations that target the confidentiality, availability and integrity of information and the effectiveness of the South African cybersecurity legislation in protecting information. The effectiveness of the following legislation will be deliberated: • The Protection of Personal Information Act (POPIA) 4 of 2013. POPIA does not define a data breach, nor does it indicate the time in which the breach must be reported to the Information Regulator (IR). In 2021 the Department of Justice and Constitutional Development (Department) suffered a ransomware attack. The breach was reported to the IR. In July 2023 the Department became the first institution to be fined for failure to comply with an enforcement notice. • The Cybercrimes Act 119 of 2021. The ransomware attack suffered by the Department in 2021 constitutes a cybercrime, but how effective is the Cybercrimes Act to facilitate the investigation and prosecution of the threat actor(s) who orchestrated the attack? Should there not be guidelines in respect of a ransomware attack prescribing a compulsory reporting obligation or discouraging payment of ransom. The first line of defense to offensive non-state cyber operations is a robust and resilient cybersecurity legal framework. Although a government cannot eliminate all possible threats, it can mitigate the risks, and this can be achieved by means of a comprehensive cybersecurity strategy. A country should have a cybersecurity strategy and it will be determined if for example the 2023 United States of America cybersecurity strategy could serve as guidance to South Africa. Why is your paper of interest to the conference participants? Use this space to persuade the reviewers why they should select this abstract for the conference : In today’s digital world, one cannot ignore the importance of cybersecurity. One single security breach may result in the exposure of the personal information of millions of people. Cybersecurity legislation is therefore essential to ensure the protection of government departments, institutions, businesses and individuals against malicious cyber operations.

The Lawsuit for Annulment of Null Administrative Decisions

This research addresses the importance of lawsuits for the annulment of null administrative decisions in protecting individuals' rights and providing legal justice. The study aims to analyze three main demands: the challenge of annulment, the extent of adherence to the grievance condition, and the extent of adherence to the time limit condition. The research employs an analytical method to understand the impact of null decisions on individuals' rights and the means of protecting them, providing a comprehensive vision of legal concepts and their legal effects. The significance of the research lies in highlighting the individual's right to access justice without procedural barriers and providing practical guidance to enhance the protection of individuals' rights in the face of null decisions. The research discusses the findings and presents recommendations to enhance access to justice and strengthen individuals' rights through improving legal policies and practices.