Privacy Of Individual Information Research Articles

A multi-level model of individual information privacy beliefs

Several types of individual information privacy beliefs have been studied in literature, but their distinctions, relationships, and behavioral impacts have yet been systematically analyzed, causing difficulties in comparing and consolidating results across literature. Based on a review on various types of privacy beliefs, this study develops a multi-level model to strengthen this concept. The model consists of three levels of privacy beliefs, including: disposition to privacy, representing a person’s fundamental beliefs and overall propensity to value privacy across contexts; online privacy concern, representing a person’s overall perception of privacy risks in the online environment; and website privacy concern, representing a person’s perception of privacy risks on a particular website. An empirical test reveals that disposition to privacy has a positive impact on both online privacy concern and website privacy concern, and website privacy concern is the only significant predictor of intentions to disclose information and transact on a website. The study helps to synthesize individual information privacy beliefs and assists in understanding their impacts on online behavior.

글로벌 기업의 암호해독명령 대응 방안

Nowadays, encryption is core technology widely used in IT industry to protect private information of individuals and important intellectual assets of companies. However, when criminals and terror suspects abuse such technology, national security can be threatened and law enforcement can be disturbed. To prevent such adverse effects of cryptography, some nations have enacted legislations that allow legally obtained encrypted data to be decrypted by certain law enforcement agencies. Hence it is imperative that firms having international presence understand and comply by each nation's regulations on decryption order. This paper explains circumstances under which legislations on decryption order were established, organizes countries with regulations and punishment, explores what global enterprises need to consider in making policies to effectively respond to decryption orders, and suggests that technological methods and managerial guidelines for control of encryption be established.

A Novel Framework using Elliptic Curve Cryptography for Extremely Secure Transmission in Distributed Privacy Preserving Data Mining

Privacy Preserving Data Mining is a method which ensures privacy of individual information during mining. Most important task involves retrieving information from multiple data bases which is distributed. The data once in the data warehouse can be used by mining algorithms to retrieve confidential information. The proposed framework has two major tasks, secure transmission and privacy of confidential information during mining. Secure transmission is handled by using elliptic curve cryptography and data distortion for privacy preservation ensuring highly secure environment.

속성기반 암호화를 이용한 원격 헬스케어 모니터링 시스템

원격 헬스케어(e-Healthcare) 서비스에서 취급되는 의료정보는 개인의 프라이버시를 침해할 수 있으므로 암호화 등의 보안기술 도입이 필수적이다. 민감한 의료정보를 보호하기 위해서 접근 권한을 위임받은 사용자만 데이터에 접근 가능하며 또한, 위임된 접근 권한을 철회하는 기능이 필요하다. 이러한 요구사항에 근거하여 속성기반 암호화가 제안되었다. 본 논문에서는 안전한 원격 헬스케어 서비스를 위해서 의료데이터의 접근 권한에 대한 위임 및 철회기능을 수행할 수 있는 속성기반 암호화를 원격 헬스케어 모니터링 시스템에 적용한다. 그리고 속성기반 암호화를 이용하여 원격 헬스케어 모니터링 시스템을 구성한다. 마지막으로 시스템 이용에 장애가 될 수 있는 사용자간의 공모 공격에 대해서 분석한다. To ensure privacy of individual information in remote healthcare service, health data should be protected through a secure technology such as encryption scheme. Only user who delegated decryption right can access to sensitive health data and delegator needs capability for revocating access privilege. Recently, in ubiquitous environment, CP-ABTD(Ciphertext-Policy Attribute-Based Threshold Decryption with Flexible Delegation and Revocation of User Attributes) which extends CP-ABE(Ciphertext-Policy Attribute-Based Encryption) has been proposed for these requirements. In this paper, we construct remote healthcare monitoring system with delegation and revocation capability for attribute in CP-ABTD. Finally, we analyze collusion attack between users in our system.

Rational expectations equilibrium with transaction costs in financial markets

We obtain a closed-form solution to a rational expectations equilibrium model with transaction costs in the framework of Grossman and Stiglitz [1980. American Economic Review 70, 543–566]. Individual private information incorporated into prices is reduced due to suppressed trading activities by transaction costs. The fraction of informed traders in equilibrium increases (decreases) with transaction costs when the costs are low (high). The informativeness of prices decreases with transaction costs.

Editorial: In This Issue

This issue of the Journal of Privacy and Confidentiality focuses on privacy in com- mercial and public data. Issues regarding the privacy of data collected online and from mobile devices appear in the news almost daily. As Facebook has grown to encompass almost 600 million users, its privacy settings and policies have come under consider- able scrutiny. For an excellent graphical characterization of Facebook privacy we refer our readers to http://www.mattmckeon.com/facebook-privacy/ . Similarly, revelations regarding how Apple iPhones and Google Android phones have kept logs of users' precise location information have raised major concerns about privacy of individual information

Information Gathering in Organizations: Equilibrium, Welfare, and Optimal Network Structure

We model an organization as a game in which all agents share a common decision problem and some level of coordination is necessary between individual actions. Agents have individual private information on the task they have to perform and they share this private information through pairwise channels of communication. We analyze how this communication pattern, modelled by means of a network structure, impacts individual behavior and aggregate welfare. In the unique equilibrium of this bayesian game each agent’s optimal action depends on a properly de…ned knowledge index that measures how the aggregation of information helps others to infer higher-order beliefs on his information after communication. We also single out the geometry of communication channels among agents that the manager would like to implement to improve the organization’s performance. In particular, adding links is not always bene…cial for the organization since a tension between the form of the communication network structure and

Causes of ambiguity aversion: Known versus unknown preferences

Ambiguity aversion appears to have subtle psychological causes. Curley, Yates, and Abrams found that the fear of negative evaluation by others (FNE) increases ambiguity aversion. This paper introduces a design in which preferences can be private information of individuals, so that FNE can be avoided entirely. Thus, we can completely control for FNE and other social factors, and can determine exactly to what extent ambiguity aversion is driven by such social factors. In our experiment ambiguity aversion, while appearing as commonly found in the presence of FNE, disappears entirely if FNE is eliminated. Implications are discussed.

The design of contracts to coordinate operational interdependencies within the supply chain

The paper presents an approach to design optimal contracts to coordinate decisions within a supply chain. We consider two partners, a producer and a supplier who agree on the setting of a contract by maintaining their individual private information and their autonomous decision rights. The paper shows how to design optimal contracts in view of their anticipated operational consequences. We are focusing on two prominent types of contracts, a total order-delivery commitment and an incentive-based operational just-in-time coordination. These contracts affect both the capacity adaptation and the production planning level, giving rise to a highly involved medium- and short-term bi-level (hierarchical) decision problem. A numerical analysis is employed, and quantitative results are presented to evaluate the appropriateness of the various contracts.

Nonparametric Adverse Selection Problems

This article is devoted to adverse selection problems in which individual private information is a whole utility function and cannot be reduced to some finite-dimensional parameter. In this case, incentive-compatibility conditions can be conveniently expressed using some abstract convexity notions arising for instance in Mass Transfer Theory. After this characterization is provided, an existence result of optimal incentive-compatible contracts is proved. Finally, several economic examples are considered including applications to regulation and labor contracting.