Individual Parent Research Articles

A previously unidentified sugar transporter for engineering of high-yield Streptomyces.

Sugar transporters have significant contributions to regulate metabolic flux towards products and they are general potential targets for engineering of high-yield microbial cell factories. Streptomyces, well-known producers of natural product pharmaceuticals, contain an abundance of sugar transporters, while few of them are well characterized and applied. Here, we report a previously unidentified ATP-binding cassette (ABC) sugar transporter TP6568 found within a Streptomyces avermitilis transposon library, along with its key regulator GM006564. Subsequent in silico molecular docking and genetic experiments demonstrated that TP6568 possessed a broad substrate specificity. It could not only promote uptake of diverse monosaccharides and disaccharides, but also enhance the utilization of industrial carbon sources such as starch, sucrose, and dextrin. Constitutive overexpression of TP6568 resulted in decrease of residual total sugar by 36.16%, 39.04%, 38.40%, and 30.21% in engineered S. avermitilis S0, Streptomyces caniferus NEAU6, Streptomyces bingchenggensis BC-101-4, and Streptomyces roseosporus NRRL 11379 than their individual parent strain, respectively. Production of avermectin B1a, guvermectin, and milbemycin A3/A4 increased by 75.61%, 56.89%, and 41.13%, respectively. We then overexpressed TP6568 in combination with the regulator GM006564 in a high-yield strain S. avermitilis S45, and further fine-tuning of their overexpression levels boosted production of avermectin B1a by 50.97% to 7.02g/L in the engineering strain. Our work demonstrates that TP6568 as a promising sugar transporter may have broad applications in construction of high-yield Streptomyces microbial cell factories for desirable natural product pharmaceuticals. KEY POINTS: • TP6568 from Streptomyces avermitilis was identified as a sugar transporter • TP6568 enhanced utilization of diverse industrially used sugars in Streptomyces • TP6568 is a useful transporter to construct high-yield Streptomyces cell factories.

Care and crisis: disaster experiences of Australian parents since 1974

ABSTRACT The historical influence of environmental factors on families has received relatively little scholarly attention. In this article we explore the impact of the ‘natural’ or ‘more-than-human’ world on Australian families through one of the most powerful examples of environmental influence: disasters. We take three case studies as our focus: Cyclone Tracy (1974), the 2011 Queensland Floods and the 2019-20 Black Summer Fires. Our primary source materials are oral history interviews with Australian parents, some of which are archived interviews in cultural collections and some of which are contemporary interviews newly-created for this research. Through these case studies spanning half a century, we analyse change and continuity in the ways in which disasters have been experienced and remembered by Australian parents. While parents consistently shoulder an additional burden during disaster by caring for children, the ways they do so are distinctly gendered and have remained so across time. But as disasters increase in frequency, ferocity and severity in an era of climate change, the way parents understand, respond and prepare for environmental crises is shifting. Australian parents increasingly see their childrearing duties as encompassing consideration of extreme weather in locating or renovating a family home, practicing evacuation drills, and anticipating potential disasters in planning family holidays. Awareness of climate risks is even influencing reproductive decisions about family size or whether to become a parent. We hypothesise that shifts in individual parent‘s disaster experiences may be collectively changing Australian cultural ideals of ‘good’ parenthood in the twenty-first century. Research conducted at the intersection of the history of the family and environmental history is becoming urgently significant in the present-day, as we seek to make sense of rapid environmental change and its personal and cultural impacts on our human lives.

Exploring parental perspectives and engagement in shared reading with digital books: A comparison of urban and rural Chinese families during the Covid-19 pandemic

This research explored parental perspectives and engagement in the home literacy environment amid the backdrop of the COVID-19 pandemic. Utilizing a theoretical framework integrating Bronfenbrenner's Ecological Model and Bourdieu's Theory of Capital, the study conducted a case-study analysis involving eight parents, with reflexive thematic analysis applied to their interview data. The findings affirmed existing urban-rural literacy disparities while also shedding light on similar disparities in parental cultural capital. Further, the study revealed a more intricate reality of the Chinese home literacy environment, depicted as a multifaceted mosaic shaped by economic reforms, sociocultural shifts, and cross-generational influences. The evidence demonstrates that the formation and expression of cultural capital by individual parents are profoundly influenced by their socio-cultural contexts, leading to diverse home literacy practice. This suggests that the home literacy experience is intricately linked with various layers of socio-cultural contexts, revealing a dynamic and interconnected framework rather than a static or isolated view. This dynamic nature challenges the conventional notion propagated by large-scale quantitative projects, which tend to portray rural areas as inherently disadvantaged compared to urban areas. Instead, this study suggests that the home literacy environment holds the possibility to be conceptualized beyond simplistic urban-rural dichotomies, resisting an understanding of their relationship as comparable entities evaluated by quantifiable data. Therefore, this research underscores the importance of adopting ecologically comprehensive and culturally responsive approaches in promoting the Chinese home literacy environment. Furthermore, it calls for in-depth qualitative research to capture the vast and diverse facets of Chinese families, aiming not for conclusive definitions but rather for the exploration of alternative narratives that run parallel to each other.

Stability and change in maternal parenting profiles across infancy and toddlerhood.

During infancy and toddlerhood, parents show large individual differences in the extent to which they are able to tailor their parenting behaviors to their children's swiftly changing developmental needs. The first aim of our study was, therefore, to distinguish parenting profiles at three time points during infancy and toddlerhood (i.e., 5, 10, and 36 months) based on mothers' supportive presence, structure and limit-setting, and quality of instruction, as well as to examine the stability of profile structure and profile membership across time. The second aim was to examine how profile membership and profile transitions at each time point are associated with relevant parental, contextual, and child-specific factors. Data from 244 Dutch mother-child dyads were collected at three waves: when children were approximately 5 months (n = 203), 10 months (n = 181), and 3 years of age (n = 178). We found three types of parenting profiles at each wave: a competent profile, a sufficient profile, and a maladaptive profile. Only the competent parenting profile was found to have a stable structure across all three waves. In general, profile membership was least stable for the maladaptive profile. Results also showed that maternal agreeableness and a higher educational level increased the likelihood to exhibit a more competent parenting profile. Our findings advance our understanding of how parenting profiles might change due to children's swiftly changing needs and inform efforts to tailor parenting interventions to individual parents. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2023 APA, all rights reserved).

572. Growth rate comparisons for clinical Klebsiella pneumoniae (KP) isolates using nutrient-rich and -depleted broth stratified by inner colony production during fosfomycin (FOF) disk diffusion (DD) testing

Abstract Background Recent studies have indicated the presence of non-susceptible IC appearing within the zone of inhibition during FOF DD testing. Limited studies focusing on Escherichia coli have demonstrated that observed increases in resistance come with decreased isolate fitness. We sought to compare growth rates of susceptible KP non-IC-producers, IC-producers, and their non-susceptible IC (as determined by broth microdilution) in both nutrient-rich and -depleted broth to understand in vitro fitness differences. Methods Two isolates which had never produced IC (254, 275), two susceptible IC-producers (131, 209), and two corresponding resistant IC (131D, 209D) were included. Each isolate was grown in both full and ¼ strength Mueller-Hinton broth (MHB) for 24 hours with samples taken at standard time intervals in two technical replicates, with duplicates performed on separate days. Using the generation time equation (Figure 1) for the logarithmic phase of growth, rates were calculated and compared across three groups: (1) individual parent and IC pairs, (2) non-IC producers and IC-producers, and (3) IC-producers and IC as a whole. Comparisons across the three groups in both nutrient-rich and -depleted conditions were completed using Student’s t-tests. Results Average generation time for each isolate in full and ¼ strength MHB are shown in Table 1. Difference in generation time in full-strength MHB for parent and IC pairs were [131/131D] 0.04 hours and [209/209D] 0.05 hours (Table 2). In ¼ strength MHB, difference in generation time for parent and IC pairs were [131/131D] 0.03 hours and [209/209D] 0.01 hours. Average growth rate difference between non-IC-producers and IC-producers was 0.05 hours and 0.01 in full- and ¼ strength, respectively. The average generation time difference between IC-producers and IC was < 0.01 hours and 0.01 in full- and ¼ strength, respectively. Conclusion Our data reveal no significant difference in growth rates between these KP isolate types which may signify no in vitro fitness differences for IC or IC-producers in both nutrient-rich and nutrient-depleted conditions. While the findings of this study are limited due to small sample size, they justify further investigation into the fitness of these isolate types through an in vivo mouse model and genetic testing. Disclosures Elizabeth B. Hirsch, PharmD, FCCP, FIDSA, Melinta: Honoraria|Merck: Grant/Research Support

From buildings to cities: How household demographics shape demand response and energy consumption

In the face of rapidly evolving energy landscapes, driven by increasing integration of renewable energy and the transition towards a more sustainable grid, the role of demand response (DR) programs in maintaining grid stability and efficiency has become increasingly critical. This study presents an in-depth methodology for assessing the nexus between household demographics and engagement in demand response (DR) programs, investigating their impact on energy consumption and financial outcomes at both building and urban scales. Six household archetypes are defined: single working individual, single retired individual, working couple, retired couple, nuclear family, and lone parent household. Additionally, three energy-use archetypes— austere, average, and wasteful—are considered. Employing a stochastic load profile generator, the study examined variables like annual occupancy hours, thermal energy needs, and appliance consumption. In a Canadian residential context, a shift from a single working adult to a nuclear family occupant archetype led to an increase in annual occupancy by 24%, causing a 21% fluctuation in Energy Use Intensity (EUI). Additionally, diverse consumption behaviors led to a 41% EUI variance. The study evaluated load curtailment capabilities across various household archetypes; notably, a ‘wasteful’ household could reduce their load by 32% through a 2 °C-thermostat adjustment during DR events, and this rose to 54% with pre-heating. At the urban scale, demographic shifts substantially influence load profiles and cause variable peak load times. Areas with more retirees have higher mid-day energy usage. The research quantified DR benefits in load reduction and fiscal gains. By raising DR participation from 10% to 50%, load curtailment grew by 69% in areas with younger families. Pre-heating further enhanced load curtailment by 12% and reduced energy rebound by 4%. Economically, ‘wasteful’ households could accumulate 11% more credits compared to average homes. This research introduced a flexible framework for incorporating household demographics and energy use behavior into DR studies, which can be adapted and re-applied to different case studies based on the availability of relevant data.

Assessment of anthropometric and physical profi le of selected school-age children in rural and urban setting in South-West Nigeria (NigeriaLINX pilot)

Objective: the objective of this study was to examine the anthropometric and physical profile of selected school-age children in rural and urban setting.Methods: the descriptive cross-sectional design was adopted for the study while multistage sampling techniques, which included simple random and systematicsampling techniques, were used to draw samples from the target population. The sample constitute healthy children who voluntarily participated in the study after consent for participation was given by individual parent. Anthropometric measurements for the study included height, weight, sitting height and BMI while the physical fitness tests for the study included sit and reach, handgrip strength, speed bounce, standing broad jump, 10m x 5 shuttles run and multistage fitness test. Z score, STEN score and independent T-Test were used for data analysis.Results: a total of 222 healthy children with average age of 10 years (male=112, female=109) participated in the study. The results showed that the urban children were taller (Urban=141.3±9.2m; Rural=134±21.3m), heavier (Urban=37.6±10.4kg; Rural=28.2±6.2kg), had more leg power (Urban=105.7±25.5; Rural=49.4±41.0) and arm strength (Urban=15.7±4.1; Rural=13.4±5.2) than rural children. However, the rural children had higher sit and reach score (Rural=25.3±5.8; Urban=22.8±6.0) and completed more laps in multistage fi tness test (Rural=35.5±25.5; Urban=12±5.7). The statistical analysis showed that all the variables were signifi cantly differenturban and rural children (P<0.05).Conclusion: the current study shows that the children in the urban and rural settings diff ered in the selected anthropometric and physical variables. Therefore, the physical education program and infrastructural facilities for physical activity and sport participation for school age children should be designed based on the socioeconomic status, social amenities and level of development of thehost community.

Drawing Partnership on Paper: How do the Forms for Individual Educational Plans Frame Parent - Teacher Relationship?

This article examines the Individual Educational Plan forms (hereafter IEP forms) used in planning for a child’s early childhood education and care (ECEC) in Finnish day care from the perspectives of social constructionism and discourse analysis. The National Curriculum Guidelines on Early Childhood Education and Care (Stakes, 2004 & 2005) require an Individual Educational Plan (IEP) to be drawn up for each child. Municipalities typically develop a local IEP form to be used in parent-teacher meetings at which the child’s IEP is discussed. The study examines how these IEP forms construct and frame parental and professional involvement in individual ECEC planning, and demonstrates that the positions of the parties in the IEP forms can be illustrated by two frames: an interview frame and a contract frame. These frames are considered in the present article in relation to the aims and principles articulated in the National Curriculum Guidelines on ECEC, which define the parent-teacher relationship as representing a partnership. The article also discusses the implications of the governing functions of the IEP forms from the perspective of the parent and the teacher.

Parental involvement: beyond demographics

The aim of this paper is to discuss the definition and the parameters of parental involvement. It looks at the psychological aspect of the term (i.e. from the point of view of the individual parent) while it recognizes the importance of the sociological factors that contribute to its development (the teachers’ resistance, the school climate, the societal demands and expectations). The paper tries to answer questions such as: what is involvement, who gets involved and why, how can involvement be encouraged? The main argument of this paper, based on empirical evidence, is that demographic characteristics (gender, educational level, socio-economic status) could facilitate or hinder involvement, but they are not the only ones. Beliefs and attitudes could also play either role. This is hopeful because, unlike demographics, beliefs are changeable. Intervention programs that aim at the strengthening of parental involvement could take advantage of existing knowledge on attitude change.

Prednisone-hydrogen sulfide releasing hybrid shows improved therapeutic profile in asthma.

Introduction: Hydrogen sulfide (H2S) is emerging as an important potential therapeutic option for respiratory inflammatory diseases. In this study, we investigated the effectiveness of a novel corticosteroid derivative, that is chemically linked to an H2S donor, in managing asthma features. Methods: The effects of prednisone (PS), H2S donor (4-hydroxybenzamide; TBZ), and their combination (PS-TBZ) have been evaluated in vitro and in vivo. The in vitro experiments were conducted using lipopolysaccharidestimulated J774 macrophages, while the in vivo experiments utilizing an experimental asthma model. Results: In the in vitro study we found that PS-TBZ exhibited an increased effect compared to the individual parent compounds in modulating the production of inflammatory mediators. TBZ also significantly reduced bronchial contractility and enhanced bronchial relaxation. In the in vivo experiments, where we administered PS, TBZ, or PS-TBZ to ovalbumin-sensitized BALB/c mice, we confirmed that PS-TBZ had a significantly better action in controlling airway hyperreactivity as compared to TBZ or PS alone. Moreover, PS-TBZ was more effective in restoring salbutamol-induced relaxation. The immunohistochemistry analysis demonstrated a significant reduction in the production of α-SMA and procollagen III, indicating the efficacy of PS-TBZ in controlling airway remodeling. Moreover, PS-TBZ also promoted epithelial repair, recovery of the bronchial and parenchyma structure and inhibited mucin production. Discussion: In conclusion, PS-TBZ offers an important opportunity to optimize the beneficial impact of corticosteroids on asthma features.

Scaling up a school-based intervention to increase physical activity and reduce sedentary behaviour in children: protocol for the TransformUs hybrid effectiveness–implementation trial

IntroductionEfficacious programmes require implementation at scale to maximise their public health impact. TransformUs is an efficacious behavioural and environmental intervention for increasing primary (elementary) school children’s (5–12 years) physical activity...

Managing mothers' and fathers' uncertainty during their journey through early neurodevelopmental follow-up for their high-risk infants-A qualitative account.

Early diagnosis of cerebral palsy is possible by 5 months corrected age for 'at-risk' infants, using diagnostic tools such as the Hammersmith Infant Neurological Examination (HINE), Prechtl's General Movements Assessment (GMA) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). This is an uncertain and stressful time for parents where provision of appropriate information and support is essential. To explore parents' views and experiences in relation to the new early neurodevelopmental follow-up of 'at-risk' infants. Thirteen in-depth one-to-one qualitative interviews were conducted by the primary researcher, with eight parents (six mothers and two fathers) of 'at-risk' infants eligible for a follow-up clinic where the GMA and HINE were performed at 12-week corrected age. Interviews used a pre-piloted topic guide and took place before and after the clinic. Interviews were audio-recorded, transcribed verbatim and analysed using inductive coding and thematic analysis using the framework approach. Seven themes were identified: (1) attempting to manage uncertainty, (2) taking priority, (3) trusting professionals, (4) independence in the parent role, (5) feeling understood, (6) patterns of care and (7) individuality. Parents reported experiencing uncertainty about their current situation and future. Adequate preparation for and timing of information are vital. When uncertainty is poorly managed, parents' wellbeing suffers. Individual parents' perspectives and infants' developmental trajectories differ, and information should be tailored specifically for this. A parent's understanding of the journey through neurodevelopmental care for their high risk infants is initially very limited. Implementing a counselling service for parents to access psychological support and digital reminder system for clinic appointments, as well as providing more tailored information through trusted professionals, could all improve future parents' experiences.

The mega-merger strategy: M@COF core-shell hybrid materials for facilitating CO2 capture and conversion to monocyclic and polycyclic carbonates

Metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) and covalent organic frameworks (COFs) have garnered significant attention for their potential in CO2 capture and conversion, owing to their unique properties. However, these materials suffer from inherent drawbacks such as poor stability and catalytic activity, leading to unsatisfactory utilization efficiency. In this work, we fabricated a series of novel M@COF hybrid materials by growing pyridine-based COFs with varying thicknesses on NH2-UiO-66 cores. These materials exhibited large specific surface areas and favorable chemical stability. The combination of the high specific surface area of MOF and the multiple interacting π-π stacking interactions of COF in these M@COF hybrid materials resulted in significantly enhanced CO2 adsorption performance, surpassing that of individual parent MOF or COF. In addition, an ion-functionalized M@COF-0.15-Br was fabricated through a simple post-synthesis modification. The presence of abundant ion active sites and interfacial synergistic effects in M@COF-0.15-Br effectively facilitated activation of reactants, enabling efficient catalytic conversion of CO2 to monocyclic and polycyclic carbonates. Consequently, the superior CO2 capture and conversion achieved using this M@COF core-shell hybrid material offers a new approach to design advanced functional materials with optimized structures for CO2 capture and conversion.

Collaboration: How does it work according to therapists and parents of young children? A systematic review.

Collaboration between therapists and parents of children with developmental disabilities is a key element of family-centred care. In practice, collaboration appears to be challenging for both parents and therapists. This systematic review aims to make explicit how therapists can optimise their collaboration with parents of young children with developmental disabilities, according to the perspectives of parents and therapists. A systematic review was conducted using the following databases: Medline (PubMed), CINAHL (OVID) and PsychINFO (OVID). Those papers were selected, which focused on collaboration using a two-way interaction between therapists and parents, exploring the perspectives of therapists and/or parents of children between 2 and 6years. Papers needed to be published in English or Dutch between 1998 and July 2021. Included papers were synthesised using a qualitative analysis approach by two researchers independently. Results sections were analysed line-by-line, and codes were formulated and discussed by all authors. Codes were aggregated, resulting in a synthesis of specific collaboration strategies in combined strategy clusters. The search generated 3439 records. In total, 24 papers were selected. Data synthesis resulted in an overview of specific strategies organised into five clusters: (1) continuously invest time in your collaboration with parents, (2) be aware of your important role in the collaboration with parents, (3) tailor your approach, (4) get to know the family and (5) empower parents to become a collaborative partner. This systematic review resulted in an overview of concrete strategies for therapists to use in their collaboration with parents of children with developmental disabilities. The strategies formulated enable therapists to consciously decide how to optimise their collaboration with each individual parent. Making these strategies explicit facilitates change of practice from therapist-led and child-centred towards family-centred care.

Occurrence, removal, emission and environment risk of 32 antibiotics and metabolites in wastewater treatment plants in Wuhu, China

Wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) are considered important sources of antibiotics and metabolites in aquatic environments and pose a serious threat to the safety of aquatic organisms. In this study, we investigated the seasonal occurrence, removal, emission, and environmental risk assessment (ERA) of 32 antibiotics and metabolites at four WWTPs located in Wuhu, China. The main findings of this study are as follows: Ofloxacin concentrations dominated all WWTPs, and large quantities of sulfachinoxalin were only detected in WWTP 2 treating mixed sewage. The average apparent removal of individual parent antibiotics or metabolites ranged from −94.7 to 100 %. There was a noticeable seasonal emission pattern (independent t-test, t = 9.89, p < 0.001), with lower emissions observed during summer. WWTPs discharged 85.2 ± 43.8 g of antibiotics and metabolites each day. Approximately 87 % of emissions were discharged into the mainstream of the Yangtze River, while the remainder were discharged into its tributary, the Zhanghe River. The total emissions of 21 parent antibiotics were approximately 18 % of the prescription data, indicating that a considerable and alarming amount of prototype drugs entered the receiving water body. Based on the risk quotient (RQ) of the ERA, the Zhanghe River has a moderate risk of ofloxacin (RQ = 0.111–0.583), a low or insignificant risk of sulfamethoxazole (RQ = 0.003–0.048), and an insignificant risk of other antibiotics or metabolites. However, the risk of antibiotics or metabolites in the mainstream of Yangtze River is insignificant. This study could help understand the seasonal emission patterns of antibiotics and metabolites, as well as more antibiotics sensitive of environmental risks in tributary than that in mainstream.

Identification of an α-l-iduronidase (IDUA) M1T mutation in a Chinese family with autosomal recessive mucopolysaccharidosis I.

Mucopolysaccharidoses (MPS) are a group of rare congenital metabolic disorders caused by the deficiency or low activity of enzymes required for glycosaminoglycans degradation. Mutations in the α-l-iduronidase gene (IDUA) are associated with mucopolysaccharidosis type I (MPS I). Our study here aims to identify an MPS-related gene mutation in a typical patient with MPS and to further explore the possible pathogenic mechanism. We identified a homozygous c. 2T>C (p.M1T) change in IDUA as the pathogenic mutation in this individual (both parents were identified as carriers of the mutation), with IDUA enzyme activity significantly decreased. We further established an MPS I-related zebrafish model using IDUA-specific morpholino (MO) to suppress gene expression, and found that IDUA-MO zebrafish exhibited characteristic disease phenotypes with deficiency of IDUA. Transcriptome profiling of zebrafish larvae revealed 487 genes that were significantly altered when IDUA was depleted. TP53 signaling and LC3/GABARAP family protein-mediated autophagy were significantly upregulated in IDUA-MO zebrafish larvae. Moreover, leukotriene A4 hydrolase-mediated arachidonic acid metabolism was also upregulated. Introduction of wild-type human IDUA mRNA rescued developmental defects and aberrant signaling in IDUA-MO zebrafish larvae. In conclusion, our study provides potential therapeutic targets for the treatment of MPS I.

Computational prediction of the metabolites of agrochemicals formed in rats

Today, computational tools for the prediction of the metabolite structures of xenobiotics are widely available and employed in small-molecule research. Reflecting the availability of measured data, these in silico tools are trained and validated primarily on drug metabolism data.In this work, we assessed the capacity of five leading metabolite structure predictors to represent the metabolism of agrochemicals observed in rats. More specifically, we tested the ability of SyGMa, GLORY, GLORYx, BioTransformer 3.0, and MetaTrans to correctly predict and rank the experimentally observed metabolites of a set of 85 parent compounds. We found that the models were able to recover about one to two-thirds of the experimentally observed first-generation, second-generation and third-generation metabolites, confirming their value in applications such as metabolite identification. However, precision was low for all investigated tools and did not exceed approximately 18 % for the pool of first-generation metabolites and 2 % for the pool of compounds representing the first three generations of metabolites. The variance in prediction success rates was high across the individual metabolic maps, meaning that outcomes depend strongly on the specific compound under investigation. We also found that the predictions for individual parent compounds differed strongly between the tools, particularly between those built on orthogonal technologies (e.g., rule-based and end-to-end machine learning approaches). This renders ensemble model strategies promising for improving success rates. Overall, the results of this benchmark study show that there is still considerable room for the improvement of metabolite structure predictors left. Our discussion points out several avenues to progress. The bottleneck in method development certainly has been, and will remain, for the foreseeable future, the limited quantity and quality of available measured data on small-molecule metabolism.

Adler 개인심리학 기반 긍정훈육 부모교육 과정에 관한 질적 사례 연구

Objectives The purpose of this study was to introduce the contents of Adler's Individual psychology-based positive parenting parent education program and to understand how the parenting methods of parents who participated in the program change. Methods To this end Dreikurs and Jane Nelson's program to help develop a sense of community for parents and children was modified and applied to suit the Korean situation and the experience of the participation process was analyzed through qualitative case studies. Results In order to find out the changes after conducting the positive parenting parent education program, three categories were derived ‘understanding lifestyle’, ‘matched parenting’, and ‘practicing change’, and nine themes were formed. Conclusions Participants in the study understood their lifestyle through positive parenting parent education programs, recognized that conflicts with their children were caused by differences in lifestyle between parents and children and realized that the parenting environment and parenting methods they provided affect their children. While participating in the positive discipline parent education program they discovered their individual strengths strengthened their positive resources and prepared their own positive discipline method that suits their children situation and eye level. These results are significant in that the program in this study helps increase positive relationships in daily life between parents and children compared to existing positive training programs focused on educating what positive parenting methods are. Based on this, it is hoped that it will help lay the foundation for program development and education for positive parental discipline.

Parents’ Willingness to Educate Child Sexual Abuse to their Children age 5-15 Years in Karachi, Pakistan

Child sexual abuse (CSA) is a foremost public health crisis and is now constantly reported in Pakistan Objective: This study gazes into perception of parents about the Child Sexual Abuse (CSA) as well as their willingness to educate their children about CSA. Methodology: The current study employed analytical cross-sectional study design. A sample of 123 parents of school age children (5-15 years) were selected via non-probability convenience sampling technique. Self-developed questionnaire was used. Ethical approval was taken from Institutional Review Board of Jinnah Sindh Medical University and written consent from individual parents. Data was collected and analyzed by using SPSS version 20. Result: A total of 123 parents with 03 refusals, with a response rate of 97.6%. Out of 123 parents, 88.62% showed willingness to provide education. 62.6% parents perceived close relatives as being the most common abusers. 42.3% of parents highlighted common methods as kissing, hugging and touching private parts. 43.9% perceived a loss of trust on people as a major consequence of victimization, with 71.5% fearing Post traumatic stress disorder and depression as a potential outcome. 64.2% perceived stigmatization as the primary cause for hesitation among those who are unwilling to report such cases. Conclusion: The study concludes parents are willing to educate their child on CSA, though their perceptions relating to common abusers, methods used, results as well as consequences of abuse vary. In this context, knowledge of effective parent-child communication should be strengthened to promote CSA prevention. Keywords: Child Sexual Abuse, Parents’ Willingness, Education, Awareness

Exploring the impact of pediatric short bowel syndrome on parent well-being using a disease-specific pilot survey.

Children with short bowel syndrome (SBS) have complex care needs, most of which are met in the home by family caregivers who may experience a range of stressors unique to this experience. Prior research suggests that parents of children with SBS have poorer health-related quality of life than peers parenting children without health needs, but the mechanisms shaping parent outcomes are understudied. A pilot survey was developed using a community-driven research design to measure the impact of disease-specific items on parent-perceived well-being. The cross-sectional survey, which included both closed-ended and open-ended items, was distributed to a convenience sample of parents of children with SBS. Quantitative and qualitative data were integrated for a mixed-methods analysis of how individual items impacted parent well-being. Twenty parents completed the survey. Sleep interruptions, lack of support and resources, and psychological stressors and their mental health implications were more frequently reported as stressors than logistics related to caregiving (e.g., managing therapies and preparing specialized meals). The impact of a child's SBS on parent well-being may stem mainly from three interconnected domains: poor sleep and its consequences, lack of access to support and resources, and a range of psychological stressors that affect parent mental health. Understanding the mechanisms through which SBS shapes parent well-being is a necessary first step for developing targeted interventions to support parents and provide family-centered care.