Individual Intentions Research Articles

Linking public service motivation, perceived external career barriers, and public-sector attraction

ABSTRACT This study explores the association of different dimensions of public service motivation (PSM) and perceived external career barriers with the attraction, including general attractiveness and prestige, of the public sector in Vietnam. Perceived external career barriers are negatively related to the public sector’s prestige and applicants’ intentions to work in the sector. The analyses also reveal that individuals who demonstrate compassion exhibit stronger intentions to join the sector. Individual intentions, however, are influenced more by perceived external career barriers than by compassion. Also, there is a significant relationship between self-sacrifice and public organisation’s general attractiveness as well as between attraction to public services and perceived prestige. By contrast, the commitment to public values dimension shows no significant correlation with any aspects of public sector attraction. Interestingly, we discovered that a higher level of self-sacrifice would dampen the negative relationship between perceived external career barriers and perceived prestige. These findings highlight the role of the two affective-based PSM dimensions on public organisational attraction. The practical implications of the findings are discussed.

The Influence of Economic and Entrepreneurial Education on Perception and Attitudes towards Entrepreneurship

The entrepreneurial behavior of individuals is a result of a complex assembly of factors, and education is one of them. The article is aiming to address the scientific gap in the relation between education and the intention and attitudes in entrepreneurship by focusing on the analysis of the economic and entrepreneurial background as a determinant factor. Besides that, the study looked for the factors that influence entrepreneurial intention and intended to find out if there are significant differences between economic and non-economic backgrounds and entrepreneurial intentions of individuals. A survey with 582 validated respondents was employed in the north-west and the west part of Romania to determine the entrepreneurial intention of the residents. For investigating the results, descriptive statistics were used to analyze the socio-demographic characteristics of the respondents, and principal component analysis with varimax rotation was conducted to reduce the number of items used to analyze the entrepreneurial intention of the respondents. The study demonstrated the significance of entrepreneurial education for entrepreneurs and the entrepreneurial process: the higher variance is given by entrepreneurial intention (58.75%) for those with economic studies and by entrepreneurial capacity (58.39%) for those without economic studies. It concludes that entrepreneurial education policies should concentrate on the increase of opportunities for entrepreneurs and on creating a culture of entrepreneurship. Regression analysis revealed that entrepreneurial capacity, personal attraction, social valuation, and entrepreneurial education/economic background significantly predict entrepreneurial intention.

Performing meat reduction across scripted social sites: exploring the experiences and challenges of meat reducers in Norway

Current meat consumption trends are associated with extensive resource use, environmental degradation, and detrimental effects on animal and human health, making meat reduction a core sustainability target. The experiences of meat reducers, often conceptualised as flexitarians, have gradually attracted more academic attention. This literature has shown that in many cases meat reducers do not radically reduce their meat intake and have untangled a complex web of factors contributing to meat consumption, reduction and avoidance. This article contributes to a nuanced understanding of the experiences, approaches and challenges faced by meat reducers. The data was collected through in-depth interviews with 26 self-declared meat reducers in Norway. By framing consumption as embedded in social practices, this article highlights how broader cultural, social and material conditions structure eating and hence meat consumption. A central finding is that through processes of socialisation and habituation, performances of eating often conform to the prevailing conventions inscribed in the socio-material environment in which they are embedded. We thus question the popular depictions of individuals as efficient drivers of dietary changes and highlight the many factors involved in reproducing the ‘normalness’ of meat-intense diets, demonstrating how individual intentions, choices and habits are themselves rooted in, and circumscribed by, prevailing conventions, that is, practices.

An integrated behavioral approach to analyze the adoption of electric vehicles in the context of a developing country

Electric Vehicles (EVs) are considered the best alternative vehicular technology having the potential to cater climatic change and energy security issues of the nations. Despite various promotional policy measures, the penetration of EVs is also observed very low, especially in the developing economies in the Indian subcontinent. This demands a comprehensive analysis of individuals’ EV adoption characteristics and the review of recent literature indicated that most of the research on EV adoption solely focuses on either the psychological aspects leading to its purchase, ignoring the available alternatives or on the conventional choice modelling techniques which do not explicitly consider the psychological motivation to choose the innovative technology. Therefore, this study integrates both behaviour modelling and conventional choice modelling in order to unfold the important determinants of EV adoption in developing economies. This study was conducted in India and the results of Hybrid Choice Modelling (HCM) highlighted that latent attitudes such as marketing perceptions, EV performance, policy perceptions, and EV usage constraints are significant factors influencing the EV adoption intention of individuals. In addition, the study also revealed that on-road price, EV adoption intention, willingness to pay extra for EVs, monthly household income, and age are also important predictors for choice between EVs and conventional vehicles. The study also pinpoints that pricing the electric SUV cars below INR 17 lakhs would make people consider choosing it over the conventional one.

Introduction to the special issue on relational autonomy and collective intentionality

AbstractThis essay introduces the 40th Annual Spindel Conference special issue on relational autonomy and collective intentionality. Autonomy is often discussed in contexts of individual intention formation and moral decision making. When we consider collective intention formation and the decision‐making practices of institutions, a number of questions can be raised: How does the individual autonomy of participants affect the collective process? How do such collective processes modulate the autonomy of the individuals involved? How do institutional decisions and practices affect individual autonomy more generally—in what way do they enhance or undermine autonomy? Is there a significant difference in how we answer these questions if we already think of autonomy as relational rather than in a traditional individualistic way?

Group‐identification, collectivism, and perspectival autonomy

AbstractOne of the aims of the 40th Annual Spindel Conference was to discuss whether the ongoing, but relatively distinct, investigations of relational autonomy and collective intentionality could crossfertilize. Whereas the concept of relational autonomy was developed to do justice to the relational character of selfhood, and as an alternative to traditional conceptions of autonomy, which were accused of exaggerating the self‐reliance and social independence of the self, recent discussions of collective intentionality have often centered on the question of whether and how collective intentions differ from aggregations of individual intentions. As different as they might otherwise be, theoretical explorations of autonomy and collective intentionality intersect at a crucial point: both require an understanding of the relationship between the self and the group, between individual subjectivity and social life. The aim of the following paper is to argue that the collective intentionality literature contains insights that cannot merely contribute to our understanding of autonomy, but also prevent us from taking our relationism too far.

Individual- and institution-level predictors of the turnover intention of medical staff among rural primary medical institutions in Xinjiang Production and Construction Corps, China: a cross-sectional multi-level analysis.

Primary medical staff (PMS) are the guardians of population health. However, their loss further worsens the shortage and uneven distribution of human health resources, which should be addressed immediately. This study aimed to investigate the current status of turnover intention of rural PMS in Xinjiang Production and Construction Corps (XPCC) in China and its influencing factors atthe individual and institutional levels to provide reliable baseline data for intervention strategies to protect valuable rural PMS. Participants were recruited from rural public health institutions of the XPCC using a cross-sectional multistage sampling process. Data on participants' turnover intention and individual- and institution-level indicators were obtained through standardized electronic questionnaires and statistical reports of regional health administrative departments. The key factors influencing PMS turnover intention were identified us ingunivariateandmulti-level logistic regression analysis. Overall, 20.5% (447/2182) of participants reported turnover intention. Univariate analysis showed that the occurrence of turnover intention was significantly influenced by marriage, education, age, year of working, monthly income, human resource management practices (HRMP), job satisfaction, per capita served population (PCSP) and number of beds (p < 0.05). Multi-level logistic regression analysis showed that bachelor's degree or above and intermediate professional title were closely related to the occurrence of turnover intention (p < 0.05), age 41-50 years old and above, high human resource management practice, and high job satisfaction effectively reduced the odds (p < 0.05). The odds of turnover intention increased by 37% (p < 0.10) for PMS in institutions with PCSP more than 250 people. In contrast, the odds of turnover intention decreased to 68% (p < 0.05) for PMS in institutions with more than 50 beds. Government-run primary medical institutions face the risk of PMS turnover intention. From a personal perspective, the high-risk population fortheturnover intention was mainly the PMS with bachelor's degrees or above and intermediate professional titles. The low-risk population was the PMS with aged over 40 years, a higher evaluation of human resource management practice, and job satisfaction. From the perspective of primary medical institutions, larger institutions can reduce the turnover intention of individuals, whereas the size of the service population has the opposite effect.

Differential and Overlapping Effects between Exogenous and Endogenous Attention Shape Perceptual Facilitation during Visual Processing.

Visuospatial attention is not a monolithic process and can be divided into different functional systems. In this framework, exogenous attention reflects the involuntary orienting of attention resources following a salient event, whereas endogenous attention corresponds to voluntary orienting based on the goals and intentions of individuals. Previous work shows that these attention processes map onto distinct functional systems, yet evidence suggests that they are not fully independent. In the current work, we investigated the differential and overlapping effects of exogenous and endogenous attention on visual processing. We combined spatial cueing of visuospatial attention, EEG, and multivariate pattern analysis to examine where and when the effects of exogenous and endogenous attention were maximally different and maximally similar. Critically, multivariate pattern analysis provided new insights by examining whether classifiers trained to decode the cueing effect for one attention process (e.g., exogenous attention) can successfully decode the cueing effect for the other attention process (e.g., endogenous attention). These analyses uncovered differential and overlapping effects between exogenous and endogenous attention. Next, we combined principal component analyses, single-trial ERPs, and mediation analysis to determine whether these effects facilitate perception, as indexed by the behavioral spatial cueing effects of exogenous and endogenous attention. This approach revealed that three EEG components shape the cueing effects of exogenous and endogenous attention at various times after target onset. Altogether, our study provides a comprehensive account about how overlapping and differential processes of endogenous and exogenous relate to perceptual facilitation in the context of visuospatial attention.

Developing residents' feedback literacy in emergency medicine: Lessons from design-based research.

Residents in emergency medicine have reported dissatisfaction with feedback. One strategy to improve feedback is to enhance learners' feedback literacy-i.e., capabilities as seekers, processors, and users of performance information. To do this, however, the context in which feedback occurs needs to be understood. We investigated how residents typically engage with feedback in an emergency department, along with the potential opportunities to improve feedback engagement in this context. We used this information to develop a program to improve learners' feedback literacy in context and traced the reported translation to practice. We conducted a year-long design-based research study informed by agentic feedback principles. Over five cycles in 2019, we interviewed residents and iteratively developed a feedback literacy program. Sixty-six residents participated and data collected included qualitative evaluation surveys (n = 55), educator-written reflections (n = 5), and semistructured interviews with residents (n = 21). Qualitative data were analyzed using framework analysis. When adopting an agentic stance, residents reported changes to the frequency and tenor of their feedback conversations, rendering the interactions more helpful. Despite reporting overall shifts in their conceptions of feedback, they needed to adjust their feedback engagement depending on changing contextual factors such as workload. These microsocial adjustments suggest their feedback literacy develops through an interdependent process of individual intention for feedback engagement-informed by an agentic stance-and dynamic adjustment in response to the environment. Resident feedback literacy is profoundly contextualized, so developing feedback literacy in emergency contexts is more nuanced than previously reported. While feedback literacy can be supported through targeted education, our findings raise questions for understanding how emergency medicine environments afford and constrain learner feedback engagement. Our findings also challenge the extent to which this contextual feedback know-how can be "developed" purposefully outside of the everyday work.

Literature review of the sharing economy: Socio‐cultural perspective

AbstractThis article reviews the literature to explore the role of culture in the sharing economy. During the literature review process, we used the terms collaborative consumption, collaborative economy, gift economy, gift‐giving, mesh, peer‐to‐peer, and commercial sharing systems in addition to the term sharing economy. Thus, we offer a reasonably broad scope in our research. It analyses 89 articles through a systematic literature review to determine the role of society and culture in the sharing economy. In addition, it offers a theoretical and descriptive exploration of the sharing economy and culture. The research shows that cultural dimensions and sharing motives shape the role of culture in the sharing economy. In this context, we determine the dimensions of power distance, uncertainty avoidance, individualism–collectivism, masculinism, long‐ and short‐term orientation, and indulgence‐restrain. In addition, we determine economic, social, sustainability, materialism, and trust motives. It shows that materialism, economic, sustainability, and trust differ depending on cultural dimensions. This situation shapes the attitudes and intentions of individuals toward the sharing economy. In addition, the study lists the cultures studied and the theoretical approaches used in previous cross‐cultural studies on the sharing economy. The study shows that cross‐cultural studies often focus on the cultures of the United States, China, and India. Finally, we offer suggestions for future research.

Assessing the Behavioral Intention of Individuals to Use an AI Doctor at the Primary, Secondary, and Tertiary Care Levels

The study examines the behavioral intention to use an AI doctor at the individual level at primary, secondary, and tertiary care levels. The research model has been designed according to the unified theory of acceptance and use of technology to understand the acceptance and use of an AI doctor at the individual level. The causal comparison screening approach, which is used to identify the causes and effects of people’s attitudes, behaviors, ideas, and beliefs, has been employed. This study utilized a hybrid analysis methodology combining two-phase analysis using partial least squares structural equation modeling and evolving artificial intelligence named deep learning (Artificial Neural Network) on 432 usable responses. The first step was using structural equation modeling to examine the hypotheses; then the nonlinear interactions between the variables have been examined using an artificial neural network. According to the analysis results, perceived task-technology fit, perceived privacy, performance expectancy, and social influence constructs affecting the intention to use an AI doctor in primary, secondary, and tertiary levels of care are the main constructs. A strong behavioral intention exists at all levels of healthcare, primary, secondary, and tertiary, to use an AI doctor for individual-level healthcare.

Indonesian Online Shopping Perspective: Relationship e-Satisfaction, e-Commitment, e-Wom and e-Repurchase Intention

Purpose: This paper aims to analyze the Indonesian Online Shopping Perspective through the relationship between e-Satisfaction, e-Commitment, e-WOM and e-Repurchase Intention. Theoretical framework: TRA (Ajzen and Fishbein, 1975), TPB (Ajzen, 1985, 1991, 2011), and TAM as the foundation in building this research model, because the best model predicts individual intentions towards accepting an information system. Design/methodology/approach: Samples that are accepted and suitable for use as data analysis are 331 samples from all users of online shopping applications or sites. The results of primary data will be analyzed using the PLS-SEM approach through the SmartPLS application. Findings: e-STF (e-IQ, e-SQ, e-SQL), e-COM (e-AC, e-NC, e-CC), and e-WOM imply the attitudes and behavior of the Indonesian people toward e-RI in the context of online shopping behavior. However, the contribution of e-STF has not been able to build e-COM. Research, Practical &amp; Social implications: This research can be used as a preference for online shop producers, IS developers, or managers in realizing competitive advantage and sustainable business. The contribution of e-STF does not have a significant effect on e-COM, but customer attitudes still reflect a positive attitude towards the online shop. When customers are committed to a particular online shop, they will certainly recommend and make repeat purchases accompanied by a satisfied attitude. When customers are committed to a particular online shop, they will recommend and make repeat purchases accompanied by a satisfied attitude. Because this research uses a reflective-formative type model approach to e-STF and e-COM variables and the direct relationship between the constructs. It is hoped that further research will use e-COM and e-WOM as mediator variables to fill the shortcomings of this study. Originality/value: This study uses a reflective-formative approach to the variables e-STF (e-IQ, e-SQ, e-SQL) and e-COM (e-AC, e-NC, e-CC) to explore fundamentally online shopping behavior.

The conception of Learner agency: its basic principles and perspectives of application in the educational process

The research focuses on describing the conception of Learner agency and its application in educational language practices. It is stated that the conception of Learner agency is aimed at the strategic and responsible development of the student’s personality and the role of the teacher as a mediator in the learning process. The conception is based on the student’s previous educational experience and prerequisites for the formation of their personality, namely social background, abilities, awareness of their educational goals, motivation, self-confidence, responsibility for choosing learning activities and hopes for future professional achievements. Sociocognitive and sociocultural factors are to be considered while acquiring a foreign language. The article emphasizes that the student acts depending on their individual intentions and social relations which constitute the community of practices. Given the social context, the degree of participation in such communities of practices is determined by the student’s activity and can be peripheral or complete. An imaginary or targeted community of practices is conductive to achieving results better than their current indicators. The article notes that the student’s activities are nevertheless limited by the framework of formal decisions and social code of practices, such as the teacher’s authority or parents’ ambitions, which may hinder the effective development of the student’s learner agency.

COVID-19 Pandemisinde Bireylerin Göç Niyeti ve Nedenlerinin İncelenmesine Yönelik Bir Ölçek Geliştirme Çalışması

In this study, it was aimed to develop a scale by determining the reasons for the migration intentions of individuals concerning the COVID-19 pandemic and to bring this scale to the literature. The research is in the type of quantitative research, a two-stage data collection method was used to achieve the purpose of the research. In the first stage, there are basic data collection stage statements, including demographic characteristics and two-option (yes-no) statements. The questionnaire created in the second stage comprises 10 questions created on the investigation of the reasons for the Intention of Migration Related to the COVID-19 Process. SPSS 22.0 program was used for the analysis. In the factor analysis, the KMO value was found to be 0.935 and the Cronbach’s alpha coefficient to be 0.937. In this analysis was used items greater than 0.50 and Eigenvalue above of 1 for factor loads using the principal component with the varimax, Extraction method, as the rotation method. As a result of factor analysis, it was observed that the scale consisting of 10 items combined into one factor. As a result of the study, a scale of migration adaptation was developed; Since there is no other similar scale in the literature, the scale is a reference for studies to be carried out on epidemics and related migration.

Climate change information seeking

AbstractThis research develops and tests a model of individual intentions to actively seek information about climate change. Our premise is that the individual's intention to actively seek information about climate change would determine their knowledge of and attitudes towards climate change, and this would in turn influence how they act or change their behaviors in response to that risk. Our model identifies key cognitive, affective, and situational variables drawn from research in human information behavior and risk communication. We conducted an online survey in which 212 participants in Canada and the United States responded. The results showed that the model was able to explain more than 40% of the variance in intention to seek climate change information. Social Norms, Affective Response, and Social Trust were the most important variables in influencing intention to seek climate change information. We conclude that climate change information seeking has a strong social dimension where social norms and expectations of relevant and respected others exert a major influence, and that the individual's emotional response towards the risk of climate change is more important than the individual's cognitive perception of how much information they need on climate change.

Exploring the emergence of a tipping point for conservation with increased recognition of social considerations.

Despite a common understanding of the harmful impacts of Western conservation models that separate people from nature, widespread progress toward incorporating socioeconomic, political, cultural, and spiritual considerations in conservation practice is lacking. For some, the concept of nature-based solutions (NbS) is seen as an interdisciplinary and holistic pathway to better integrate human well-being in conservation. We examined how conservation practitioners in the United States view NbS and how social considerations are or are not incorporated in conservation adaptation projects. We interviewed 28 individuals working on 15 different such projects associated with the Wildlife Conservation Society's Climate Adaptation Fund. We completed 2 rounds of iterative coding in NVivo 12.6.1 to identify in the full text of all interview responses an a priori set of themes related to our research questions and emergent themes. Many respondents saw this moment as a tipping point for the field (one in which the perceived values of social considerations are increasing in conservation practice) (76%) and that social justice concerns and the need to overcome racist and colonial roots of Western conservation have risen to the forefront. Respondents also tentatively agreed that NbS in conservation could support social and ecological outcomes for conservation, but that it was far from guaranteed. Despite individual intention and awareness among practitioners to incorporate social considerations in conservation practice, structural barriers, including limited funding and inflexible grant structures, continue to constrain systemic change. Ultimately, systemic changes that address power and justice in policy and practice are required to leverage this moment to more fully address social considerations in conservation.

Identify the Factors Effecting the Individuals Intentions to Adopt the Bitcoin: The Moderating Role of Government Support

Identify the Factors Effecting the Individuals Intentions to Adopt the Bitcoin: The Moderating Role of Government Support

Is religion important in predicting attitude and intention towards adopting Islamic banking? Evidence from Mauritania

This study aims to explore the influence of religion on attitude and intention of individuals towards adopting Islamic banking in Mauritania. Mauritania is one of the countries with 100 percent Muslim population, and 31% of this populace is under the international poverty line. Moreover, the Mauritanian financial system is a bank-based system that is still functioning under financial conventional law. Thus, it is imperative to explore the potential avenue for Islamic banking, which is still in its infancy stage. In efforts to explore the role of religion and factors influencing the intention towards adopting Islamic banking in Mauritania, a data of 583 Mauritanian households were successfully collected through self-administered questionnaires based on random sampling method. The Theory of Planned Behaviour (TPB) is adopted to determine the effect of religion on attitude as well as predictors of intention towards adopting Islamic banking. The results from the Structural Equation Modeling analysis using AMOS show that religion factor was found to be significantly influencing attitude and intention. Further, the results indicate that the attitude, perceived behavioural control and subjective norms are proved to have significant impacts on households’ intention towards adoption. The findings of this study afford valuable insights into designing effective strategies to adopt and develop the Islamic banking system in Mauritania.

From traditional to tech-savvy: An empirical investigation of students' actual use of LMS in Saudi universities

The primary objective of this research endeavor is to comprehensively comprehend the impact of identified research factors on students' intentions to utilize learning management systems (LMS) in Saudi Arabian universities. In order to achieve this objective, the study has incorporated two prominent motivational models, namely the DeLone and McLean Model, and the technology acceptance model (TAM). The hypothesized relationships were succinctly depicted and experimentally validated through a sample of 224 students from Saudi Arabian universities. The findings of the study reveal significant correlations among all the proposed hypotheses. The research model employed in this project demonstrates that system quality, information quality, service quality, perceived usefulness, perceived enjoyment, and perceived ease of use exert direct influence on university students' intentions to employ LMS. Moreover, the research model highlights that the intention to use LMS significantly impacts actual usage behavior. By developing an innovative and integrated model for gauging students' genuine individual intentions to use LMS, this research paper makes a valuable contribution to the existing literature.

Influencing factors of social entrepreneurship intentions in a higher education context

ABSTRACT The teaching of entrepreneurship has been progressively included in the curricula of several university courses to stimulate the development of empowering attitudes and an entrepreneurial mentality. However, a new form of entrepreneurship has emerged with a focus on sustainability and the creation of new projects that aim to reduce social asymmetries and contribute to a fairer and more balanced society. The role of universities is also to foster the emergence of these projects through the implementation of practices aimed at fostering social entrepreneurship among students. This study aims to understand the determinant dimensions that characterise the students’ social entrepreneurial intention. For this purpose, a sample of 177 students attending a social entrepreneurship course in a higher education institution was employed. The findings indicate that individual, organisation, and context constructs are determinants of students’ entrepreneurial intention. However, not all organisational factors contribute equally. Mentoring and social networks are relevant elements for the entrepreneurial intention of individuals, while curriculum and critical pedagogy are not recognised as determinants.