Individual Enterprises Research Articles

Механізм активізації соціально відповідальної діяльності підприємств в Україні

The aim of the article is to develop a mechanism for intensifying socially responsible activity (SRA), which can be used by enterprises to ensure sustainable development of both each individual enterprise and Ukraine as a whole. The article allocates the signs of social responsibility: a social phenomenon endowed with a specific historical content; conscious fulfillment of a person’s duty to society; execution is a dictate of the subject’s conscience; failure to fulfill the duty implies condemnation on the part of society; contains an initiative nature; a trade-off between the public interest and individual goals; people’s behavior in the context of social responsibility. The subjects of institutional stimulation of the principles of socially responsible activity are identified as follows: legislative bodies; executive bodies; interstate structures; civil society; international and local associations of enterprises; trade unions and professional associations of workers. The directions of SRA of enterprises in Ukraine are defined as follows: support of social initiatives and projects; charitable activities; effective involvement of the public in charitable activities; improving working conditions with the help of recent achievements; creating opportunities for learning and development of the younger generation; introduction of alternative energy sources in production; improvement of medical care. Potential incentives for the SRA programs of enterprise are studied as follows: tax reduction; reduction of administrative pressure; proposals for the implementation of social responsibility programs; expansion of the bank of social and information programs; media coverage; closer ties with non-profit organizations. The following constituent elements of the process of actuation of the SRA of enterprises are proposed: motivation and stimulation. The prerequisites that ensure the effective implementation of the mechanism for actuating the enterprise’s SRA are analyzed: a clear understanding of the purpose and role of the developed mechanism; forms of assistance (informational, legal and regulatory); tools to ensure the operation of the mechanisms, capable of actuation of SRA of the enterprise; resource support for the implementation of mechanisms for actuating the enterprise’s SRA. A mechanism for actuating the SRA of an enterprise in Ukraine has been developed, which consists of two parts: the theoretical foundations of the mechanism for actuating the SRA of an enterprise and the practical implementation of this mechanism.

Intelligent warehouse systems

Artificial intelligence can change the overall operation of a business and make work activities more efficient not only in terms of time but also economically. Individual enterprises are increasingly trying to incorporate artificial intelligence into production processes and the need to summarize knowledge about this trend is the main pillar of this paper.

On the state of the environment and natural environment of the East Kazakhstan region

The article analyzes the state of the environment in the East Kazakhstan region. The authors, having analyzed official sources, showed that as a result of the restoration of production volumes at non-ferrous metallurgy and thermal power enterprises, there is an increase in emissions of hazardous waste by individual enterprises in this industry into the environment. In the atmospheric air of large industrial cities and towns in the region, maximum permissible concentrations of lead, sulfur dioxide, nitrogen oxides, phenol, formaldehyde and other components are observed to be exceeded. The authors emphasize that mining enterprises have a negative impact on the state of water resources and the unsatisfactory technical condition of sewer networks and treatment facilities, which leads to bacterial contamination of water sources, including sources of drinking water supply. The authors also discuss the state of forest resources and wildlife in the region. The conclusion that was done by the authors – there is a real threat of environmental pollution from waste from non-ferrous metallurgy and mining enterprises in the region and at the present moment.

ДІАГНОСТИКА ФІНАНСОВОЇ ДІЯЛЬНОСТІ ПІДПРИЄМСТВА ТА ШЛЯХИ ЇЇ ПОКРАЩЕННЯ

The rapid development of the domestic economy of Ukraine, the structural, independent unit of which is the enterprise, as economic entities of the microeconomic level, depends on a number of factors that directly or indirectly affect its level of profitability. Any enterprise is an open system that indicates interaction with the external environment, in connection with which its functioning depends not only on internal components that are easier to manage, but also directly on external influencing factors that require flexibility, adaptability and preparation of the management link for any unexpected situations in the market environment. The complex interweaving of the interests of different groups of users to indicators of financial activity presupposes its use in the processes of assessment, analysis and forecasting of the conditions and results of management of both an individual enterprise and the industry as a whole. It is worth noting that a significant influential factor that negatively affects the management of the organization is the lack of a scientifically based financial strategy for their development. This is one of the reasons that enterprises in Ukraine function with low returns, and a significant part of them self-liquidates already at the first stage of their creation.

РОЛЬ КЛАСТЕРОВ НА ПОТРЕБИТЕЛЬСКОМ РЫНКЕ И РАЗВИТИИ ЭКОНОМИКИ РЕГИОНА (НА ПРИМЕРЕ СОГДИЙСКОЙ ОБЛАСТИ)

The article examines the role of clusters in the consumer market and their impact on the economic development of the region on the example of the Sughd region of the Republic of Tajikistan. In the economy in modern conditions, the development of regions is usually determined not only by individual enterprises, but also by their interaction within the framework of industrial clusters. The cluster approach is becoming one of the main elements of the economic development strategy of many regions. Clusters are a concentration of interconnected companies, suppliers, research institutions and other institutions in a particular field, which contributes to improving the productivity and competitiveness of their participants. Clusters are also created by concentrating interconnected companies, service providers and manufacturers in a particular region, which contribute to strengthening competitiveness and stimulating innovation processes. It is established that the introduction of the clustering concept contributes to the formation of sustainable economic structures and increases the competitiveness of local enterprises. And also in the context of the consumer market, clusters contribute to the development of innovative products and services, improve quality and reduce costs through the sharing of resources and gained experience. The impact of clusters on the development of key industries in the region, such as retail trade and catering, is analyzed. The dynamics of retail trade development and their contribution to the economy of Sughd region, as well as the role of clusters as a tool to improve the quality of products and services, as well as in strengthening the socio-economic infrastructure of the region, are studied. In conclusion, the importance of the cluster approach as a tool for achieving sustainable economic growth and social well-being in the regions is emphasized.

ДІАГНОСТИКА РИЗИКУ БАНКРУТСТВА ПІДПРИЄМСТВА: МЕТОДОЛОГІЧНИЙ ТА ПРАКТИЧНИЙ АСПЕКТИ

Domestic enterprises have been working under martial law conditions for the second year, what has led to a sharp weakening of the Ukrainian’s economy. All this has a destructive influence on the work of enterprises and escalations the hazardousness of their activities. Risk management and, consequently, ensuring financial security are key tasks of the risk management system at the enterprise, since financial risks have a destructive effect on both its development and the country's economy as a whole. The purpose of the scientific article is to conduct a comparative analysis of methodological approaches to assessing the risk of bankruptcy of an enterprise, based on discriminant analysis and the theory of fuzzy sets, and to determine their effectiveness. Method or methodology of the research. The methodological base of the study were the works of national researchers who expose the practical aspects of the analysis of the risk of insolvency of the enterprise. Methods of comparative analysis, discriminant analysis and fuzzy set theory were used in the study. Results of the study. In the study, the domestic and foreign discriminant models for assessing the risk of bankruptcy of an enterprise were analyzed. The authors proposed to use the theory of fuzzy sets to analyze the risk of enterprise insolvency. Based on the results of the comparative analysis, the effectiveness of the proposed methodical approach to assessing the risk of bankruptcy of the enterprise was determined. Scope of practical application of the results. The obtained results have important practical value and can be used by enterprise managers to improve the risk management strategy. Conclusions. In the conditions of an unstable environment, the use of models based on fuzzy logic becomes appropriate. This makes it possible to form an adaptive model that takes into account the specifics of the country, industry and individual enterprise. The use of a model based on a fuzzy-multiple approach will contribute to obtaining reasonable data on the level of financial security of the enterprise and increase the effectiveness of the formation of strategies for managing business entities in conditions of uncertainty and risk.

Організаційний механізм забезпечення розвитку інноваційного підприємництва на засадах сталості

The article forms an organizational mechanism for ensuring the development of innovative entrepreneurship on the principles of sustainability. It is noted that the process of development of innovative entrepreneurship in Ukraine is complex due to the lack of effective tools, methods, means, levers and regulators of innovative development of economic systems. These elements are interrelated and comprise the innovation mechanism of the business entity. The conception of sustainable development is fundamental for studying the nature of development of innovative entrepreneurship (both an individual enterprise and the country’s economy as a whole), since it takes into account different directions of development, on the one hand, and provides for the use of various tools to ensure development, taking into account its components, on the other hand. The basic provisions and prerequisites for the formation of an organizational mechanism for ensuring the development of innovative entrepreneurship on the principles of sustainability are defined. It is noted that the development of innovative entrepreneurship depends on the conception of sustainable development, which takes into account various aspects of the activities of enterprises and their impact on society. In particular, the conception of sustainable development orients the business entity to ensure social responsibility, economical use of resources, respect for resources and their conservation, respect for the environment in which it operates, and increasing the level of environmental safety. It is concluded that the development of innovative entrepreneurship on the principles of sustainability and providing it with all the necessary resources is a determining condition for economic growth and transformation of the economic system of our country. The formed organizational mechanism for ensuring the development of innovative entrepreneurship on the principles of sustainability will allow to achieve equilibrium for participants in the innovation process under the following conditions: improving the quality of scientific potential; improvement of scientific and technical potential; formation of highly qualified productive forces; creation of an appropriate regulatory framework; attraction of investments in innovations; formation of a developed market innovation infrastructure.

До питання сутності загальновиробничих витрат підприємства та управління ними

The article summarizes the content of general production costs, their specific composition, the order of distribution of general production costs (on the example of specific situational material), the order of reflection in accounting of the distribution of general production costs, the functions of strategic management of general production costs. The aim of the article is to study the topical aspects of formation and distribution of general production costs of enterprise, optimization of the level of general production costs in the context of their planning, analysis and control. Further, the general production costs associated with the organization, management, maintenance and control of the production activities of the enterprise as a whole. In order to avoid an arbitrary interpretation of general production costs, they are standardized with the help of National Accounting Standards (NP(S)BO 16 «Costs»). These costs form the production self-cost are the basic indicator of the enterprise’s activity, which affects the profitability of its activities. The formation of such costs is carried out in compliance with the current sectoral procedure for their accumulation and distribution (in compliance with the provisions of the Methodological Recommendations for the formation of the self-cost of production). These costs are subject to distribution. The distribution base can be: hours of labor, wages, volume of activities, direct costs, land areas, etc. General production costs are divided into: fixed and variable. The list of fixed and variable general production costs is determined by the enterprise within the framework of the approved accounting policy. Since some of the general production costs are mixed or it is difficult to distinguish either fixed or variable costs for them, individual enterprises do not carry out such a division and, accordingly, fully distribute them according to the selected distribution base, based on the actual capacity. In production, the distribution of general production costs is carried out between the main products. Among the main methods that can be used for cost distribution are the following: direct distribution; distribution based on production volume; distribution based on the cost of materials; distribution on the basis of labor; capacity-based distribution. The use of these methods involves the choice of a single base for the distribution of general production costs, which is based on the consideration that costs are written off (distributed) by types of products on the basis of a single standard – the coefficient of distribution of general production costs or the cost rate. Accounting for these costs is carried out through account 91 «General production costs». The article provides an example of the distribution of general production costs. The functions of strategic management of general production costs (planning, implementation of parameters laid down in the plan, efficiency control, analysis of results and feedback) are generalized. The introduction of these functions will make it possible to identify energy- and material-intensive units and, as a result, to control the use of material, labor, and financial resources.

‘Mãos amigas’: comunidades intencionais e desenvolvimento de capital social. Dados de Portugal

ABSTRACT Introduction: Building upon the theoretical frameworks of Pierre Bourdieu and Nan Lin regarding social capital, this study examined the capacity of two Portuguese intentional communities (ICs) to cultivate and promote social capital. Our goal was to assess the decommodification potential of these alternative social structures and their role in mitigating social inequality. Materials and methods: Our data collection involved a combination of participant observation and semi-structured interviews. Additionally, we employed slightly adapted versions of social capital mapping and measurement techniques, incorporating the identification of contacts with prestigious positions/occupations (Position-Generator) and access to relevant resources (Resource-Generator). Results: Our findings indicate that social networks developed in the context of intentional communities can play a crucial role in promoting the accumulation of economic benefits and human capital, as well as in fostering the development of social identity and offering emotional support. However, notable disparities emerged between the two case studies concerning their capacity to reduce market dependence and the value of the different forms of mobilized social capital. In one instance, community economies based on collective, profitable activities effectively addressed basic needs through communal labour. Conversely, in the other case, while community economies based on individual enterprises reduced the personal costs associated with meeting basic needs, this led to increased dependence on external, temporary employment. Within this context, individual social capital, such as intra-community relationships, emerges as pivotal for securing economic gains, such as enhanced employability and the acquisition of new skills. Discussion: The internal structure of intentional communities directly impacts the development of social capital and the reduction of market dependence, thereby playing a crucial role in promoting equality and inclusion. While intentional communities offer emotional benefits, they may also present barriers to entry for individuals with limited financial resources. Continued longitudinal studies are essential to assess whether the initial diversity within these communities translates into social equality and to identify the contributing factors to such outcomes.

Методичний підхід до формування стратегії інноваційного розвитку підприємства

The task is to develop a methodical approach to the formation of a strategy for innovative development of enterprise. The methodical principles are based on theoretical approaches to the management of innovative development of enterprise, their main provisions, which are the basis for monitoring and evaluating the organizational conditions for the implementation of the strategy. These are the provisions of institutional, system, process, and competence approaches. The institutional approach operates with provisions that correspond to the measures of State regulation, the use of mechanisms of State influence on the innovative development of an individual enterprise, the directions of strategic priorities of innovative development of the State. The process approach focuses on innovative business processes that allow the implementation of product, technological, marketing, and organizational innovations through the implementation of the necessary organizational changes. The system approach is aimed at creating an effective innovation-oriented business model, the formation of an innovative environment based on the active interaction of all management levels. The competency-based approach focuses on the development of knowledge, increasing the intellectual capital of the enterprise for the formation of sustainable competitive advantages in the market, etc. The article analyzes and identifies the factors of digitalization of the economy as key for the formation of the innovative potential of enterprises in Ukraine. The results of the analysis of the experience of the world’s best practices and successful businesses testify to the variety of means of their response to innovative changes in the external environment and allow us to identify trends and the most relevant strategic instruments. In the areas of formation of the strategy of innovative development, a system of indicators has been developed and an assessment of the level of their organizational support at the enterprises «Spetsvuzavtomatyka» and «Ekvud-Bud» has been carried out.

ОСНОВНІ ЗАСОБИ АВІАЦІЙНОЇ ГАЛУЗІ УКРАЇНИ: ВАРТІСТЬ ТА ІНВЕСТИЦІЇ

The article substantiates the cost and investment in the fixed assets of the aviation industry as the main basis for the functioning of each individual enterprise. The original and residual value of the fixed assets of the transport complex have been analyzed. It was found that the initial cost of fixed assets as a whole by the type of economic activity "Transport, warehousing, postal and courier activities" has a tendency to a slight decrease, a similar situation is observed in land and pipeline transport; a negative trend is observed in water transport, where the maximum reduction is observed; while in air transport there is an increase of almost two times. It was found that the residual value of fixed assets as a whole by type of economic activity decreased by an insignificant amount, the largest decrease occurred in water transport, and the largest increase in almost two and a half times – in air transport. It is shown that the technical condition of aviation equipment is affected by many factors, and constant loads lead to destruction and failure of work, therefore, by type of economic activity, an unsatisfactory condition of fixed assets with a high degree of wear and tear (almost half) is observed. It has been proven that there is an acute problem of restoring aviation equipment and updating the infrastructure taking into account the latest technologies. It is shown that the renewal of aviation equipment consists of the purchase of airplanes, helicopters and other aircraft. It is substantiated that the form of ownership of the aviation enterprise, the assessment of investment attractiveness, the forecast of the results of the enterprise’s production activity and future profits on the invested investment capital, the guarantee of economic security and the state support of the organization of the investment process affect the inflow of investments. It was found that the investment attractiveness of aviation enterprises of the aviation industry of Ukraine is possible under the following conditions: 1. elimination of a number of important problems regarding the development and functioning of the aviation industry due to the aging of equipment; 2. improving the quality of the airport infrastructure, which would meet international standards for providing quality aviation services and guaranteeing flight safety; 3. cooperation with international aviation organizations that develop standards and norms of safety, efficiency and environmental friendliness; 4. increasing the investment attractiveness of aviation enterprises on the basis of financial stability in the context of increasing profitability, profitability, and future payments to the investor.

Особливості SMART-систем: необхідність і доцільність їх використання при моделюванні бізнес-процесів підприємства

Taking into account the key factors of the development of society, the expediency of using certain information technologies for the effective competitive development of enterprises is emphasized. The need for the use of appropriate information technologies is confirmed by the advantages of their implementation. In the course of the study, it is disclosed that the basis of the modern information society is certain SMART-systems, and the driver of competitive development of enterprise is the re-engineering of its business processes, which determined the purpose of the study. To achieve the goal of defining and clarifying the features of SMART-systems to ensure the effective implementation of business processes of the enterprise, the methods of analysis, synthesis, abstraction, comparison, idealization, analogy, and concretization were used. The content of the concept of «SMART-systems» is characterized, the features of the application are described. The expediency and necessity of dividing SMART-systems into certain types depending on their vector-level application have been determined. The features of SMART-systems of each of the selected groups are outlined. The expediency of dividing SMART-systems into the proposed groups is substantiated by the possibility of their more operative implementation, faster adaptation, wider range of application and the ability to combine them as constituent elements of the hierarchical structure of an integral system. The hierarchical interaction of information systems of different groups will contribute to the formation of a comprehensive SMART-system for ensuring the effective competitive development of an individual enterprise with its component technologies, software products, etc., due to the possibility of combining the advantages of some systems, leveling the difficulties of implementing others. It is substantiated that the integrity of the information and digital support of the enterprise’s activities will contribute to the choice of more effective options for the interaction of individual business processes, their more efficient implementation and more flexible editing depending on changes in the conditions for the functioning of enterprises, as well as focusing more attention on key business processes at a particular point in time.

Financial security of business is an indicator of financial management in crisis conditions

This article posits that the financial security of a business is the primary indicator of effective financial management. The relationship between financial management and financial security is supported by a system and subsystem approach. It is established that financial security represents a pivotal financial and economic mechanism at both the macro level (the state) and the micro level (the enterprise). It is observed that financial management is conducted at all levels of the financial system, from the state of an individual enterprise. It has been demonstrated that the operation of any system in a state of crisis is contingent upon substantial financial and economic support and maintenance. The author posits that financial security is an effective and efficient measure for maintaining a relatively stable level of functioning for both the state and business in general. The concept of «financial security» is found to be highly multifaceted, with interpretations drawn from a range of perspectives, including organizational and statistical, functional and resource-based, and regulatory and legal. The primary objective of financial security for an enterprise can be defined as the implementation of a comprehensive organizational and management strategy, the assurance of operational stability in the context of prevailing business conditions, and the provision of a foundation for future growth and development, contingent upon the availability of financial and economic resources. The method of formation and implementation of financial security of the enterprise as an indicator of financial management in crisis business conditions is proposed and described, which includes the following stages 1) structural elements of financial security of an enterprise; 2) constituent elements of financial enterprise security; 3) organizational and managerial policy of financial enterprise security; 4) mechanism of implementation of financial enterprise security; 5) general coordination of the state of financial enterprise security; 6) «adaptation» of financial security of an enterprise to unstable and crisis business conditions. It is proposed to use economic-statistical and financial-economic indicators and international indices to assess the state of financial security of enterprises, in particular: the number of enterprises in the country; the volume of products (goods, services) sold by enterprises in the country; net profit (loss) of enterprises in the country; business activity index. The results show that financial security is an extremely important and necessary indicator for the assessment of the general state of business activity and the functioning of the country as a whole.

СУЧАСНІ АСПЕКТИ УПРАВЛІННЯ ХОЛДИНГОВИМИ СТРУКТУРАМИ

The development of the division of labor and production cooperation leads to the creation of international production companies as a natural consequence. The influence of various factors in the global environment leads to the need to unify individual enterprises, which includes competition, development and interaction of enterprises, the choice of international strategies and other aspects. Depending on changes in the socio-political and economic environment of countries or regions, holdings effectively maneuver production and financial resources at the global level. As a result, international holding groups are becoming a key structural element in the world economy. The creation of international holdings outside of Ukraine or merging with existing international holdings has become an integral part of the strategy of the most successful Ukrainian companies. The article examines the main directions of development of the market economy in Ukraine and analyzes the formation of integrated corporate structures in the form of a holding. The procedure for the formation of vertical integration associations based on the use of a logistic approach is proposed; a methodical approach to identifying the stage of development of complex vertically integrated structures and assessing the consistency of the development of the efficiency of integrated structures with their reference state using dynamic models. The proposed use of the logistic approach to the formation of integration structures, in contrast to the traditional approach, meets the requirements of the general optimization of all systems of the integrated structure, which is especially important in the conditions of constant dynamic changes in the economy, as it allows not only to take into account the potential direction of the development of economic systems of various levels, but also adapt more flexibly to unforeseen changes. The procedure for the formation of integration associations, developed from the standpoint of a logistic approach, takes into account the possibility of bifurcation points depending on the promotion of integration development or restraint of integration interaction, and the corresponding reaction to the development or destruction of the integration structure.

ASPECTS OF ENERGY EFFICIENCY MANAGEMENT FOR RATIONAL ENERGY RESOURCE UTILIZATION

This study delves into the multifaceted landscape of energy efficiency management with the objective of rationalizing the utilization of energy resources. The article considers a methodical approach to the study of the level of energy intensity of economic activity, covering levels of management, from the macro level to the level of an individual enterprise. In general, it is advisable to supplement the proposed approach with existing methods that extend the content to the results of energy efficiency research. Using the Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) method and other methodologies, we explore various dimensions of energy resource utilization and the scale of energy efficiency management across different stages of the lifecycle. Additionally, the study introduces levels of energy efficiency management developed by the authors, providing a structured framework for optimizing energy use. Through rigorous analysis, we evaluate the environmental impacts, energy consumption patterns, and efficiency levels associated with diverse energy management strategies. Our findings illuminate key areas for improvement and optimization in energy utilization practices, offering insight beneficial for policymakers, industry stakeholders, and environmental advocates alike. By leveraging the comprehensive framework of LCA alongside the developed levels of energy efficiency management, this research contributes to a nuanced understanding of energy efficiency management, thereby facilitating informed decision-making towards sustainable energy utilization pathways. Examining the example of building the life cycle of gas production and highlighting the main stages of its transformation from a raw resource to a finished product for consumption allows for the consideration of the entire chain of creation of the added value of this energy resource and enables control of the level of its influence on the results of the activities of economic units involved in this chain, as well as the consequences of their impact on the environment. This allows us to conclude that the approach discussed in the article can be used both for researching the energy efficiency of individual enterprises, as well as their associations, industries, and the economy in general.

АНТИКРИЗОВЕ УПРАВЛІННЯ ПІДПРИЄМСТВОМ: СУТНІСТЬ І СТРАТЕГІЇ

In the conditions of Russia’s armed aggression, the loss of production capacity by many enterprises, the deterioration of logistics supplies and the instability of the national currency, all enterprises need active anti-crisis management, which must be carried out in accordance with the developed development strategy. In today’s conditions, most Ukrainian enterprises have problems in their activities due to the fact that their managers cannot adapt the approach to management and use appropriate methods to overcome crisis situations. This creates the need to implement new management strategies, in particular, anti-crisis management. It is important to note that a key role in anti-crisis management is played by a strategic approach that focuses on solving problems related to exiting the crisis. The search for ways out of the economic crisis is directly related to the elimination of the factors that cause it. To achieve this goal, it is necessary to conduct an in-depth analysis of the external and internal environment, determine the factors affecting the enterprise, collect and systematize information on each of these factors, and, based on an objective assessment of the state of the enterprise, determine the causes of its crisis state. Therefore, during the development of a plan for exiting a crisis situation, great attention should be paid to the creation of an anti-crisis strategy and the definition of tactics for its implementation. Market conditions of functioning of economic systems form a new external business environment characterized by uncertainty and a high probability of crisis situations. Most crisis phenomena are observed at the micro level. The lack of an action plan and a corresponding strategy makes it difficult for enterprises to adapt to conditions of increased dynamism of the internal and external environment. At the same time, the objective presence of systemic, structural crises that affect individual enterprises, entire industries and sectors of the economy forces the development and application of special management approaches for timely crisis management. The article analyzes the directions of management to prevent crisis phenomena, the system of early warning of crises, appropriate management strategies in crisis conditions. Recommendations in this area are provided.

СВІТОВИЙ ТА ВІТЧИЗНЯНИЙ ДОСВІД ЗАЛУЧЕННЯ ІНВЕСТИЦІЙ У РОЗВИТОК ПІДПРИЄМСТВ В УМОВАХ ЦИФРОВОЇ ТРАНСФОРМАЦІЇ

The article examines the process of digital transformation, which plays an important role in the national economy, from the business processes of an individual enterprise to state strategies and development policies. Digital transformation processes play an important role in the national economy, from the business processes of an individual enterprise to state strategies and development policies. The country has additional advantages due to the successful functioning of the digital economy sector. Digital technologies are changing certain economic processes at the current stage of development of the world economy. New financial instruments that arise as a result of the development of financial technologies give investors great opportunities to reduce risks and increase profitability. Thanks to the use of the latest advances in digital technologies, the infrastructure necessary for the implementation of investment projects is improved, the investment process is simplified, and the digital economy plays a significant role in investment processes. Proper government regulation is necessary for the effective operation of investment processes, therefore it is important to research and analyze the experience of digital investment transformation in different countries, as well as to develop a detailed state strategy for the development of the digital economy. The foundations of the national investment policy and the orientation of the policy towards the growth of the national economy are revealed. The purpose of the article is to study the foreign and domestic experience of investing in the development of digital infrastructure.. For the successful implementation of the digital transformation strategy, the state must actively stimulate investments. One of the important steps is attracting investments aimed at the development of digital infrastructure. To achieve this goal, the state's strategy should be based on such principles as access to digital technologies, databases and the results of the latest research, as well as ensuring their reliability and protection. In addition, funding from the state budget is important, which will ensure an adequate level of protection of intellectual property rights, confidential information and freedoms in the digital environment.

ФИНАНСОВЫЕ РЕЗУЛЬТАТЫ ОРГАНИЗАЦИИ: ОБЕСПЕЧЕНИЕ ЭКОНОМИЧЕСКОЙ БЕЗОПАСНОСТИ С ПРИМЕНЕНИЕМ УЧЕТНОЙ И АНАЛИТИЧЕСКОЙ ПОДДЕРЖКИ

When forming the financial results of organizations, an important aspect is to maintain economic security at a sufficiently high level. In order to achieve this, it is necessary to conduct permanent analysis and forecasting of various types of threats, both external and internal, as well as various risks. It should be added that the provision of accounting and analytical support comes to the fore, since it allows you to increase control and show the actual level of achievement of planned results. If the desired result is obtained, the company notes an increase in profits. The resulting profit, in turn, allows you to replenish the financial resources of the organization and create the basis for expanding production (service provision) capabilities, as well as meet the financial and social needs of staff and management. It should be noted that profit is a kind of indicator that allows you to assess the cost recovery, return on capital, sales level, etc. This paper reveals the various points of view of Russian scientists on the definition of "financial result", examines the factors and conditions that influence it. The emphasis is placed on the fact that an important aspect of increasing the effectiveness of stability in the field of national economy and the growth of sustainability is the application and subsequent modernization of the accounting and analytical support system. The author's classification of threats to the economic security of an enterprise is given, based on the study of the works of economists conducting research in this field. The connection of accounting and financial reporting with the economic security of the enterprise is established. At the end of the study, it is concluded that the way the accounting and analytical system is organized affects the economic security of individual enterprises and institutions, and the social and economic spheres of the state, and hence the economy in the world. In this regard, accounting policy plays a significant role in shaping the financial results of organizations, therefore it is necessary to permanently analyze its impact and, if necessary, make adjustments.

Engaging with barriers hampering uptake of digital tools

It is widely accepted that digitalisation can allow us to tackle the social, economic and even environmental challenges that agro-food systems are currently facing. There is a vibrant debate regarding the challenges one might face when adopting digital tools. This article engages in this discussion by exploring how barriers farmers encounter when implementing digital solutions manifest themselves as practical challenges farmers have to resolve. To do this, the article explores three cases in Latvia’s beef farming sector. The article focuses on the following two questions: 1) what were the challenges that the groups of farmers faced while trying to implement the new solutions; 2) how did these challenges transform the initial solutions the farmers were trying to implement? The three cases represent three initiatives at various stages of development (an emerging cooperative of beef farmers; an unorganised attempt by farmers to develop joint digital marketing tools; an online shop developed and maintained by an individual enterprise). The article argues that there are multiple creative strategies for dealing with barriers to digitalisation, but studies focusing on different obstacles to digitalisation should also be mindful of pre-existing issues that hamper digitalisation, while simultaneously being impervious to purely digital fixes.

Credit strategy research based on Markov random field and enterprise association knowledge graph

This paper investigates banks' credit strategies concerning micro, small and medium enterprises (MSMEs) by taking into consideration the intrinsic characteristics of individual enterprises and external correlations among them when assessing credit risk. We analysed transaction data between enterprises and utilised the Bean Search algorithm and Markov random field to construct enterprise network topology diagrams, quantifying inter-enterprise correlations. We also applied the combined weight method to balance their creditworthiness and strength indices and developed a comprehensive and scientifically grounded credit strategy model for MSMEs by employing genetic algorithms to solve nonlinear programming problems. Overall, our proposed model aims to maximise loan revenues while simultaneously minimising the risk of customer default.