Individual Efforts Research Articles

EDUCATIONAL MANAGEMENT FUNCTIONS: PLANNING, ORGANIZING, ACTUATING, CONTROLLING

Education management is a key element in managing, organizing and administering educational institutions to achieve the desired educational goals effectively and efficiently. The research method used is library research, which involves collecting information from various sources such as books, notes, magazines and related articles. Data collection techniques are carried out by reading, reviewing and analyzing various existing literature. The data analysis technique used is content analysis. This article explains the functions of educational management including planning, organizing, actuating and controlling. Educational planning involves setting goals, identifying necessary resources, and designing strategies to achieve those goals. Organizing regulates the organizational structure, division of tasks, and allocation of resources to support the teaching and learning process. Movement involves motivating, directing, and coordinating individual and group efforts in achieving educational goals. Control is the process of monitoring and evaluating performance to ensure that educational goals are in accordance with plans. Evaluation serves to assess the effectiveness of educational programs, identify strengths and weaknesses, and provide a basis for improvement and further development. A deep understanding of the functions of educational management can help educational leaders manage their institutions effectively and efficiently so that they are able to achieve success in providing quality education for future generations.

How Competition Shapes Peer Effects: Evidence from a University in China

Abstract Competition is widely used to enhance effort and performance. However, in many domains, like education, competition could backfire, as performance is not solely reliant on individual efforts but also on collaboration endeavors among peers. Utilizing university administrative data, we examine how competition changes peer effects and peer interactions. Exploiting randomly assigned roommates, we first demonstrate that high-ability roommates have detrimental effects on the academic performance of high-ability students. More importantly, such negative peer effects significantly increase along various dimensions of competition intensity within dorm rooms. Follow-up survey findings reveal that competition hinders mutual assistance and fosters unfriendly behaviors among roommates.

IPPAR Model Pendekatan Konten Kreator dalam Strategi Meraih Engagement di Sosial Media pada Channel Youtube Selontok Fish Official

This research aims to reveal the content strategy of Selontok Fish Official in achieving engagement on social media, particularly on their YouTube channel. Employing a qualitative approach, the study investigates the object naturally, with the researcher serving as the primary instrument. The analysis techniques involve SWOT Analysis and IPPAR Model, and the data analysis is inductive. The research focuses on content strategy, especially the use of the Palembang language, and overcoming production constraints with innovative solutions. The conclusion highlights the success of the creative team Selontok Fish Official, originating from individual efforts, their vision in the Palembang language, and efforts to promote local cultural richness. With hopes for continuous growth, achieving higher milestones, and providing economic benefits to the team and community, this research demonstrates that success in the creative content realm can generate a broad positive impact.

Validating the Revised Mating Effort Questionnaire.

The mating effort questionnaire (MEQ) is a multi-dimensional self-report instrument that captures factors reflecting individual effort in upgrading from a current partner, investment in a current partner, and mate seeking when not romantically paired. In the current studies, we sought to revise the MEQ so that it distinguishes among two facets of mate seeking-mate locating and mate attracting-to enable a more nuanced measurement and understanding of individual mating effort. Moreover, we developed additional items to better measure partner investment. In total, the number of items was increased from 12 to 26. In Study 1, exploratory factor analysis revealed that a four-factor solution, reflecting partner upgrading, mate locating, mate attracting, and partner investment, yielded the best fit. In Study 2, this structure was replicated using confirmatory factor analysis in an independent sample. Based on extant studies documenting the relationships between psychopathy, short-term mating effort, and sexual risk taking, a structural equation model (SEM) indicated that trait psychopathy positively predicted mate locating, mate attracting, and partner upgrading and negatively predicted partner investment. A separate SEM showed that partner upgrading positively predicted risky sexual behaviors, while partner upgrading and mate locating positively predicted acceptance of cosmetic surgery.

Opposites attract? Mixed-sex parents' and siblings' sport participation differentiates youth athletes' perceived parenting climates.

Guided by family systems and achievement goal theories, this study examined how the sex of athletes and their main sport parents, as well as sport participation patterns (same sport, different sports, and no sports) of parent-athlete and sibling sex compositions (same-sex and mixed-sex), differentiated athlete perceptions of parenting climates-task-involving (emphasizing individual improvements, effort, and mastery) and ego-involving (emphasizing winning and performance comparison). Participants were 353 U.S. high school athletes (Mage=15.52 and SD=1.18; 55% male) who completed a survey on perceived parenting climates, family compositions, and sport backgrounds of their parents and siblings. We conducted six moderated regression analyses, two of which used (1) athlete sex and main sport parents' sex, (2) sport participation patterns of parent-athlete sex compositions, or (3) sport participation patterns of sibling sex compositions as independent variables. Four of the analyses were statistically significant with small effect sizes, showing that (1) boys perceived greater ego-involving climates than girls; (2) athletes whose same-sex parents played sports (same or different sports) compared to no sports-perceived greater task-involving climates: (3) athletes whose mixed-sex parents played (same or different sports) compared to no sports-perceived greater task-involving climates and less ego-involving climates; and (4) athletes whose mixed-sex siblings played different sports than they did, compared no sports, and perceived greater task-involving climates. None of the interactions were significant. Findings provide theoretical and practical implications by incorporating motivational climates, addressing the potential relationships of parents' and mixed-sex siblings' sport participation to adaptive parenting climates.

Race Dynamics in Triathlon Mixed-Team-Relay Meaningfully Changes with The New Regulation Towards Paris 2024.

Mixed-Team-Relay (MTR) triathlon is a novel Olympic discipline whose performance determinants and tactical behaviors have barely been studied. Additionally, a regulatory change has been made to the male and female relay order for the Paris 2024 Olympics. Therefore, this study aimed to determine the performance determinants and race dynamics as a function of competitive level on the new regulated MTR triathlon. Results from 129 national teams, (516 elite triathletes) across five MTR World Triathlon Series and two MTR European Championships in 2022 and 2023, were analyzed. Split times, average speeds, time behind the race leader (gap), partial and finishing positions, pack position as well as the rank positions of every segment, relay leg, and overall race were computed. Decision tree analyses were conducted as a predictive method for the overall results, and correspondence analyses were conducted to examine the relationship between the different relay legs and segments and the finishing positions. The performance of the fourth leg was the most relevant for overall result (30%), as well as the fourth running leg (16%) and the female legs performance (7%). Medallist relay teams were characterized by displaying a differential speed lower than 0.5 and 0.83 km/h, respectively, from the best-ranking athletes in the Legs 1 and 4. Furthermore, staying in the front pack after the second swimming leg showed a great relationship with achieving a medal position. New MTR triathlon rules shift race dynamics, emphasizing individual efforts in cycling and swimming, while maintaining the crucial importance of running.

Overcoming challenges and thriving as a new NGO – a case for institutional capacity building

ABSTRACT New non-governmental organisations (NGOs) face a challenging landscape, struggling to secure funding and demonstrate impact in their early stages. This creates a Catch-22 situation, hindering their ability to gain traction. This paper explores these hurdles and showcases how the Abdullah Dzinamarira Foundation (ADF), a Zimbabwean NGO, navigated these challenges through resourcefulness. The paper outlines successful strategies adopted by ADF, including diversifying funding streams, forging strategic partnerships, and leveraging volunteers. These strategies allowed ADF to maximise the impact of limited resources while laying the groundwork for future sustainability. Looking beyond individual efforts, the paper emphasises the need for a shift towards institutional capacity building for new NGOs. Investing in their potential fosters a vibrant civil society and empowers local actors to deliver culturally appropriate solutions. The authors call for a collaborative approach, urging international NGOs, funders, and stakeholders to prioritise mentorship programs, online resources, and regional training hubs to equip new NGOs with the tools they need to thrive and become architects of positive change.

Key Traits of Leading Sustainable Firms in the Semiconductor Industry

Few studies have investigated sustainable management in the semiconductor industry. Consequently, this study analyzed the characteristics of companies excelling in sustainable management in the semiconductor industry using chief executive officer messages. It compared high- and low-performing groups to identify leading sustainable firms. Centrality analysis was conducted to extract keywords, which were mapped to the sustainability criteria to conduct network analysis. The results showed that the high-performing group emphasized sustainable development across the semiconductor industry ecosystem, while the low-performing group focused on internal sustainability aspects. This underscores the need for effective sustainable development in the semiconductor industry that extends beyond individual company efforts and embraces industry solidarity. Thus, this study presents a methodology that can be applied to similar studies in industries beyond semiconductors.

Residents' willingness to engage in carbon generalized system of preferences - A personality insight study based on the extended theory of planned behavior

In the context of China's dual carbon target, reducing personal carbon emissions has been identified as a crucial strategy to achieve the target. The 2022 Digital China Development Report emphasizes the significance of implementing the Carbon Generalized System of Preferences (CGSP) in driving individual carbon reduction efforts in China. However, the psychological factors influencing public participation in CGSP are still unknown. Based on the Extended Theory of Planned Behavior (TPB), this study explored the psychological factors of different personality trait groups' participation in the CGSP and categorized 712 respondents into Compatible, Positive, Responsible, and Susceptible based on the MINI-IPIP scale and the K-means method. The results show that the strength of willingness to engage (WTE) in CGSP was ranked as: Compatible > Positive > Responsible > Susceptible and the WTE of compatible groups is more influenced by attitude, while Perceived Behavioral Control (PBC) plays a more crucial role in other groups. Personal Norms (PN) and Policy Awareness (PA) were significant for all specific personality groups except the Susceptible group. Surprisingly subjective norms had little to do with WTE. We believe that policymakers should consider the impact of PBC on WTE when formulating policies and raise the expectation of residents in terms of the value they can obtain from participating in CGSP. Additionally, promotional activities related to PN and PA in connection with CGSP should be conducted. These efforts may help individuals better engage in CGSP.

Balancing Community and Individual Health Efforts by Utilizing Sub-Primary Health Care at Regions: Analysis for Policy

Public Health Centers (PHCs) are responsible for organizing public health efforts and individual health efforts. PHCs also serve as FKTP, UPTD, sub-district supervisors, and implementers of policies and programs from the Ministry of Health. The workload of PHCs is increasing because people visit PHCs primarily for treatment, rather than seeking preventive measures to stay healthy. The PHCs have Sub-PHCs to lighten the workload of the PHCs, but there is no policy regulating Sub-PHCs to be used as FKTP. This research aims to analyze the policy of Balancing Community and Individual Health Efforts by utilizing Sub-PHCs such as FKTP. The research uses qualitative methods with a policy analysis process design, using primary data from in-depth interviews and FGDs with 14 informants and secondary data by reviewing documents. The research results indicate that PHCs have a heavy workload, and are more focused on medical services, and access to FKTP for communities in remote areas remains challenging. Sub-PHCs deserve to be used as FKTP on par with Pratama Clinics to increase community access to FKTP, particularly in areas with difficult geographical access, and to help lighten the workload of PHCs. It is recommended that the Ministry of Health conduct a policy analysis to support PHCs becoming FKTP, in line with the Minister of Health Regulation Number 43 of 2019, to change the role of the auxiliary health centers (Sub-PHCs) into FKTP.

An Attempt for a New Growth Model Based on Inter-class Mobility Probability

After Kuznets' pioneering study in 1955, the relationship between growth and income distribution attracted the attention of researchers. Approaches used to explain the relationship between growth and income distribution can be summarized as wealth and redistribution, international trade, technological development, macroeconomic volatility and political economy. In this study, firstly, the theoretical background and literature regarding these approaches are mentioned. Later, based on Akerlof and Yellen's theories on the fair wage-productivity relationship, a new model was tried to be developed that links economic growth with inter class mobility probability. The model is based on the hypothesis that in a hypothetical society of two-class without government, there will be an increase in the productivity of individuals belonging to the lower class as the probability of moving up the class increases. As the probability of individuals belonging to the lower class moving up increases, the probability of individuals belonging to the upper class falling down the class also increases. For this reason, the increase in the transition between classes will lead to an increase in the efforts of individuals belonging to the upper class. An increase in the effort of both classes will result in higher output and therefore higher growth. For this reason, as the income distribution becomes more fair, the growth rate will also increase, but if the income is distributed completely equally, the performance of individuals will decrease because there is no possibility of moving to upper class. Therefore, income inequality up to a certain level motivates individuals, while income inequality above the optimal level demotivates individuals. In other words, the relationship between income inequality and growth is non-linear. Finally, the game theory version of the model is introduced in the study.

Teachers Challenging Language Discrimination in England’s Schools: A Typology of Resistance

ABSTRACT Recent media coverage and academic scholarship has repeatedly demonstrated that language discrimination is embedded and normalised in England’s schools. We consider language discrimination as a structural phenomenon underpinned by language ideologies which frame the language practices of racialised and working-class communities as deficient. In this article we report on project where we worked closely with a group of teachers who identified as critical, activist educators who were seeking to challenge language discrimination in their classrooms and wider institutions. Our data stems from in-depth interviews and case studies with teachers, where we explored their anti-language discrimination efforts at individual, departmental, and institutional levels. We present a typology for anti-language discrimination efforts, capturing the importance of teacher positionality and stance; research informed practice; community organising; locating local issues of language stigma within broader geopolitical patterns of inequality; individual classroom efforts, and institutional support for critical language work.

Enhancing Substance Use Disorder Recovery through Integrated Physical Activity and Behavioral Interventions: A Comprehensive Approach to Treatment and Prevention.

The global issue of substance abuse demands ongoing initiatives aligned with the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals. With drug use remaining prevalent worldwide, interventions are critical to addressing the associated health challenges and societal implications. Exercise and physical activities have emerged as integral components of substance use disorder (SUD) treatment, offering promising avenues for prevention, intervention, and recovery. Recent research underscores the efficacy of exercise in reducing substance cravings, promoting abstinence, and improving overall well-being. However, integrating exercise into SUD recovery programs presents challenges such as dropout rates and cultural considerations. This paper synthesizes existing literature on exercise integration into SUD recovery, highlighting strategies for enhancing treatment outcomes and addressing barriers to exercise adherence. Drawing on cognitive-behavioral therapy, experiential learning, motivational interviewing, and goal-setting techniques, the holistic approach outlined in this paper aims to empower individuals both mentally and physically, fostering resilience and supporting long-term recovery. In conclusion, new initiatives need to be taken by advocating for inclusive policies, promoting community engagement, and fostering collaborations across sectors. By doing so, stakeholders can optimize the effectiveness of exercise programs and contribute to sustainable rehabilitation efforts for individuals with SUD.

Optimizing Midwives’ Uptake of a Provincial Perinatal Data System: Lines of Thinking

In Quebec, the perinatal data available is fragmentary, comes from a number of different databases that are not well integrated, and offers little information regarding the quality of care and services provided by midwives. In 2012, the Ministry of Health and Social Services (MSSS) asked midwives to contribute to the information system on users of local community services centers (I-CLSC). The I-CLSC system is, above all, an administrative monitoring tool; however, it makes it possible to document certain aspects of midwifery practice. Using literature from the fields of knowledge transfer and modification of clinical practices, this article aims to explore under which conditions and to what extent the I-CLSC system could help document midwifery practice. Given the context and the nature of the I-CLSC tool, the success of its uptake by midwives involves the simultaneous reinforcement of its acceptance by midwives, and the provision of support while they use it, so that the data collected is reliable and solid. Training and feedback activities constitute promising avenues in terms of attaining these goals. Literature suggests that, without adequate support, there is a high risk that data fed into the I-CLSC system by midwives will be unreliable. If that is the case, the individual time and effort invested in this system by midwives are unlikely to be cost-effective for either the midwives themselves or midwifery in general.

Eco Carbon Navigator for Tracking Carbon Emission in Computing Systems

The goal of the Eco Carbon Navigator project is to provide an effective and user-friendly application that will help people track and lessen their carbon footprint. It is now essential to monitor and reduce one's own carbon emissions in light of the growing environmental concerns in order to promote a sustainable future. This creative initiative gives people the ability to make knowledgeable judgments about their lifestyle choices by utilizing state-of-the-art technologies. The Eco Carbon Navigator offers real-time feedback on a range of factors that contribute to carbon emissions, such as energy use, food choices, and transportation, through user-friendly interfaces and thorough data analysis. Users may easily identify areas for improvement and implement real adjustments to reduce their environmental impact by using individualized insights and recommendations.In addition, the Eco Carbon Navigator incorporates social networking functions to promote a feeling of community and group efforts. The project's influence can be increased beyond individual efforts by allowing users to collaborate on sustainability initiatives, interact with peers, and share accomplishments. Tracker project is to transform how people view andplanthealthmonitoringbyexpandingitscoveragetoincludeavarietyofvegetables andautomatingdiseasediagnosis. KEYWORDS: Carbon footprint, data analysis, emission reduction

How Health Care Organizations Are Implementing Disability Accommodations for Effective Communication: A Qualitative Study

Prior studies have documented that, despite federal mandates, clinicians infrequently provide accommodations that enable equitable health care engagement for patients with communication disabilities. To date, there has been a paucity of empirical research describing the organizational approach to implementing these accommodations. The authors asked US health care organizations how they were delivering these accommodations in the context of clinical care, what communication accommodations they provided, and what disability populations they addressed. In this study, 19 qualitative interviews were conducted with disability coordinators representing 15 US health care organizations actively implementing communication accommodations. A conventional qualitative content analysis approach was used to code the data and derive themes. The authors identified three major themes related to how US health care organizations are implementing the provision of this service: (1) Operationalizing the delivery of communication accommodations in health care required executive leadership support and preparatory work at clinic and organization levels; (2) The primary focus of communication accommodations was sign language interpreter services for Deaf patients and, secondarily, other hearing- and visual-related accommodations; and (3) Providing communication accommodations for patients with speech and language and cognitive disabilities was less frequent, but when done involved more than providing a single aid or service. These findings suggest that, in addition to individual clinician efforts, there are organization-level factors that affect consistent provision of communication accommodations across the full range of communication disabilities. Future research should investigate these factors and test targeted implementation strategies to promote equitable access to health care for all patients with communication disabilities.

Speed-accuracy trade-offs in best-of-n collective decision making through heterogeneous mean-field modeling.

To succeed in their objectives, groups of individuals must be able to make quick and accurate collective decisions on the best option among a set of alternatives with different qualities. Group-living animals aim to do that all the time. Plants and fungi are thought to do so too. Swarms of autonomous robots can also be programed to make best-of-n decisions for solving tasks collaboratively. Ultimately, humans critically need it and so many times they should be better at it! Thanks to their mathematical tractability, simple models like the voter model and the local majority rule model have proven useful to describe the dynamics of such collective decision-making processes. To reach a consensus, individuals change their opinion by interacting with neighbors in their social network. At least among animals and robots, options with a better quality are exchanged more often and therefore spread faster than lower-quality options, leading to the collective selection of the best option. With our work, we study the impact of individuals making errors in pooling others' opinions caused, for example, by the need to reduce the cognitive load. Our analysis is grounded on the introduction of a model that generalizes the two existing models (local majority rule and voter model), showing a speed-accuracy trade-off regulated by the cognitive effort of individuals. We also investigate the impact of the interaction network topology on the collective dynamics. To do so, we extend our model and, by using the heterogeneous mean-field approach, we show the presence of another speed-accuracy trade-off regulated by network connectivity. An interesting result is that reduced network connectivity corresponds to an increase in collective decision accuracy.

Anthropogenic and climatic factors interact to influence reproductive timing and effort.

Reproduction, although absolutely essential to a species' persistence, is in itself challenging. As anthropogenic change increasingly affects every landscape on Earth, it is critical to understand how specific pressures impact the reproductive efforts of individuals, which directly contribute to the success or failure of populations. However, organisms rarely encounter a single burden at a time, and the interactions of environmental challenges can have compounding effects. Understanding environmental and physiological pressures is difficult because they are often context-dependent and not generalizable, but long-term monitoring across variable landscapes and weather patterns can improve our understanding of these complex interactions. We tested the effects of urbanization, climate, and individual condition on the reproductive investment of wild side-blotched lizards (Uta stansburiana) by measuring physiological/reproductive metrics from six populations in urban and rural areas over six consecutive years of variable precipitation. We observed that reproductive stage affected body condition, corticosterone concentration, and oxidative stress. We also observed that reproductive patterns differed between urban and rural populations depending on rainfall, with rural animals increasing reproductive investment during rainier years compared to urban conspecifics, and that reproductive decisions appeared to occur early in the reproductive process. These results demonstrate the plastic nature of a generalist species optimizing lifetime fitness under varying conditions.

Evidence for socially influenced and potentially actively coordinated cooperation by bumblebees.

Cooperation is common in animals, yet the specific mechanisms driving collaborative behaviour in different species remain unclear. We investigated the proximate mechanisms underlying the cooperative behaviour of bumblebees in two different tasks, where bees had to simultaneously push a block in an arena or a door at the end of a tunnel for access to reward. In both tasks, when their partner's entry into the arena/tunnel was delayed, bees took longer to first push the block/door compared with control bees that learned to push alone. In the tunnel task, just before gaining access to reward, bees were more likely to face towards their partner than expected by chance or compared with controls. These results show that bumblebees' cooperative behaviour is not simply a by-product of individual efforts but is socially influenced. We discuss how bees' turning behaviours, e.g. turning around before first reaching the door when their partner was delayed and turning back towards the door in response to seeing their partner heading towards the door, suggest the potential for active coordination. However, because these behaviours could also be interpreted as combined responses to social and secondary reinforcement cues, future studies are needed to help clarify whether bumblebees truly use active coordination.

Educational data mining for student performance prediction: feature selection and model evaluation

Student performance is a multidimensional concept that includes academic accomplishment and cognitive development. It measures the performance of educational institutions, teaching methods and individual efforts. Engagement, motivation and support networks have a substantial impact on performance results. In this research, we intend to establish an intelligent data mining-based model for predicting student performance through a novel feature selection approach. We propose an innovative Adaptive Sea Horse Optimization (ASHO) to select the crucial features to predict the education performance level. We gathered a xAPI-Edu-Data dataset which includes students’ numerous academic details, to train our suggested model. The Z-score normalization algorithm is employed to pre-process the obtained raw data, it improves the quality of the data. We utilized Independent Component Analysis (ICA) to extract relevant characteristics from the processed data. We utilize the ASH algorithm for feature selection, it dynamically adjusts search parameters, efficiently exploring the feature space to locate the ideal subset of features for improving the predictive performance. The selected features are classified by the implementation of the eXtreme Gradient Boosting (XGBoost) algorithm for predicting student performance. Our recommended approach is implemented in Python software. The finding evaluation phase examines the suggested model's prediction effectiveness with various parameters such as precision, accuracy, recall and f1 score. We performed a comparison analysis with other traditional methods to determine the effectiveness of the proposed approach. The experimental results demonstrate that the proposed prediction approach performed better than other existing approaches.