Individual Efforts Research Articles

ANALISIS IMPLEMENTASI KEBIJAKAN ELECTRONIC FILING SYSTEM PAJAK ORANG PRIBADI APARATUR SIPIL NEGARA PADA DINAS PEKERJAAN UMUM DAN PENATAAN RUANG KOTA DEPOK

Technology Development plays the role in influencing modernization of tax system one of them is e-Filing System. E-Filing is a tax filing system electronically that facilitates taxpayers in submitting Tax Return anytime and anywhere. The objective of this study is to analyze the implementation of policy on individual tax e-Filing, obstacles encountered and efforts undertaken in coping with such obstacles at the Public Work and Spatial Planning Office of Depok. This study used qualitative descriptive research method. Result of this study identified that the implementation of e-Filing has been good enough. Some obstacles which can be overcome with efforts carried out from the implementor and taxpayer.

From bliss to burden: An ethnographic inquiry into how social, material and individual obstacles to digital well-being shape everyday life

Drawing from a two-year ethnography with sixteen adults in Flanders and Brussels, Belgium, this study disentangles the social, material, and individual obstacles experienced in day-to-day life that hinder and foster digital well-being. Findings show how these obstacles are interrelated, laying bare the tensions that cut across social relations, digital devices, and spaces. Moreover, (gendered) responsibilities and social relations impact whether someone can, or even desires, to overcome obstacles to digital well-being. We thus observed a “constrained agency” that limited individual efforts in feeling digitally well. Emphasizing the relational characteristics of connected everyday life, the study argues that identifying where agency is constrained can make visible the layers and tensions in people’s experiences with digital media use. To put this into practice, we echo the call for a re-imagination of digitized everyday life that questions underlying inequalities and privileges, seeing a need for individual and collective strategies that can foster sustainable digital well-being.

Carving spaces of hospitality: Place attachment among migrant and non-migrant residents in a rural town undergoing rapid demographic change

This article explores the complex and evolving nature of place attachment in the rural Lincolnshire town of Boston, a new immigration destination. Drawing on 28 semi-structured interviews with residents, it examines the ways in which migrant and non-migrant communities make Boston their home, how they react to change and disruption, navigate (in)hospitable encounters and narrate their belonging in the town post the EU referendum, which saw residents overwhelmingly voting against EU membership. The findings show that in the face of place alteration and turbulence, both migrant and non-migrant residents demonstrate a nuanced and differentiated form of commitment to place and, despite intractable systemic challenges, actively work to bring communities together and reframe negative place narratives. Community leadership emerges as integral to the collective effort of creating spaces of hospitality. For migrant and non-migrant communities, place attachment is a dynamic and fluid process, shaped and constantly reshaped by socio-economic and political factors, media discourses and experiences of hospitality/hostility. It is an embodied and emotional process that involves individual and collective discursive efforts to reframe dominant narratives, material and social ways of connecting as well as pragmatic ways of distancing.

Reasons for Declining Participation in Inpatient Research Among Historically Minoritized Racial and Ethnic Communities: A Scoping Review

BackgroundTo promote equitable recruitment for studies conducted in the inpatient hospital setting, we sought to characterize reasons why individuals, both from historically minoritized racial and ethnic groups and the broader patient population, refuse participation in clinical trials within inpatient settings. MethodsAn exhaustive search of the literature was conducted in Cochrane Library, Google Scholar, Embase, MEDLINE, PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science databases to find relevant articles published from the inception of each database to April 30, 2023. Studies recruiting patients during their inpatient stay and reporting reasons for refusing participation in clinical trials met the inclusion criteria. ResultsThe search resulted in 2264 citations, of which 22 were included. 14 did not report data related to race, while 19 reported no ethnicity data. Reasons for refusal across trials included study burden and inconvenience (n=16), transportation and logistical issues (n=13), lack of interest in research (n=12), and refusal to be randomized (n=10). Prominent concepts included the importance of incorporating social support systems in consenting processes, lack of efforts to include data or recruitment efforts for individuals from minoritized groups, and physician involvement in recruitment. DiscussionTo enhance participation among historically minoritized communities in clinical trials, greater efforts must be made to collect demographic information and document refusal reasons to inform future recruitment methods. Strategies include proactively accounting for culture and language differences in study design and recruitment and intentionally engaging social support networks. Limiting study burden and logistics and optimizing collaborations between clinical and research teams would promote accessibility and foster patient trust.

Dr. Roop Lal Sharma: A pioneer who revived Ayurveda education in Jammu and Kashmir

Abstract The timeless journey of Ayurveda, the ancient system of medicine, has been a cornerstone of Indian culture for centuries. Its rich history has endured through the ages, shaping the nation’s healthcare landscape. In the post-independence era, as modern science beckoned the masses, Ayurveda stood firm, thanks to the unwavering efforts of individuals who laid the foundation for its contemporary practice. Sporadic endeavors have sustained this ancient system from the Astavaidya Parampara of Kerala to the Vaidya Parampara of Orissa, Gujarat, and Pune. Yet, some champions of Ayurveda remain unsung heroes, hidden in the annals of history. This article delves into the life and contributions of one such luminary, the late Dr. Roop Lal Sharma, a true embodiment of determination and vision. He was a prominent figure in the renaissance of Ayurveda education and propagation in the northern state of Jammu and Kashmir, India. Initiating the journey on an untraversed path amidst the political and administrative challenges with a firm commitment to foster the fading recognition of the traditional system in the state was meticulously met with unshakeable values and beliefs. The efforts to improve the traditional system status in the hilly state have the necessary impetus and are flourishing presently on the foundation of his well-coordinated efforts.

Cooperation or Collaboration: Which Really Drives the Employee Experience?

Abstract: This article explores the key differences between cooperation and collaboration and their relative impacts on employee experience in today's workplace. Through a review of relevant academic literature and examples from management consulting experiences, cooperation is defined as the coordination of individual efforts without shared ownership, most effective for routine tasks. Collaboration is characterized as a collective process requiring interdependent work, shared goals and outcomes, and trust—critical for complex problem-solving. The article argues that true collaboration cultivates more meaningful work, autonomy, social support, continuous learning and organizational commitment among employees. It maintains fostering collaborative ways of working through intentional cultural changes can unlock higher engagement, performance, innovation and retention compared to relying solely on cooperation. Practical recommendations are provided for organizations seeking to embed collaboration as a core value and operating practice.

Association of personal factors with increased risks of accidents in the workplace among health workers in nine Puskesmas in Kediri City, Indonesia

Public Health Center hereinafter referred to as the Puskesmas is a health service facility that organizes public health efforts and first-level individual health efforts by prioritizing promotive and preventive efforts in their work areas. If the results of the examination cannot be handled promotively and preventively, they will be referred to more complete health facilities such as hospitals. Standard action in Puskesmas is still high and often ignored, this is very dangerous if left unchecked it will have an impact on the safety and health of health workers, patients, and patients' families. The objective of this study is to analyze the correlation of personal factors with the unsafe actions of health workers in nine Puskesmas in Kediri City, Indonesia. The population for this study was health workers including nurses, midwives, laboratories, and cleaners, totaling 410. This study is analytical with a cross-sectional design, While statistical analysis consists of univariate, bivariate, and logistic regression. The results show a correlation between fatigue and unsafe actions of health workers Ignoring safety procedures, the knowledge of health workers, and unsafe actions of health workers Ignoring safety procedures, and not using personal protective equipment. There is a correlation between personal factors (knowledge, fatigue) and unsafe actions and strong correlation. The results of the analysis using logistic regression produced a significance value of 0.000, which means that there is an influence of the knowledge and fatigue variables on unsafe acts. It is recommended that a safety talk in the mornings on a regular basis would increase health vigilance at work.

Measures to increase the retention of migrant healthcare professionals in Germany

Abstract Background The shortage of skilled workers in the healthcare sector is a pressing issue in Germany that has been worsening in recent years. It is often compensated by the deployment of specialists from abroad. However, this is accompanied by various challenges. This article synthesizes challenges from nine years of research and proposes approaches to solutions that have proven successful in practice in Germany as well as in international settings. Methods The insights presented here condense the results from a total of six research projects (four on physicians and two on nursing). The research projects are based on exploratory qualitative interviews, quantitative questionnaires, mixed-methods designs, and the generation and testing of measures that can help with the integration of foreign skilled workers. Results The main challenges for migrated skilled workers are inadequate language and communication skills, lack of knowledge about the national healthcare system, disease and therapy concepts, unfamiliar forms of inter-hierarchical and inter-professional collaboration, a lack of understanding of administrative and bureaucratic processes and social integration. The following measures have proven successful in Germany and abroad: increasing social integration of physicians (e.g. through partner or peer programs), streamlining systems, establishing professional structures for the integration of foreign skilled workers, and creating a positive work environment. Conclusions Compared to findings from international studies, in Germany the hurdles of administrative processes, the peculiarities of the healthcare system (e.g. social medicine), and learning the language are considered to be the highest. It is important to counteract these challenges with appropriate measures in order to prevent a migration of healthcare professionals already in Germany to (mostly English-speaking) foreign countries. Key messages • In Germany the hurdles of administrative processes, the peculiarities of the German healthcare system (e.g. social medicine), and learning the German language are considered to be the highest. • It should be considered to no longer leave the migration of healthcare staff to individual integration efforts, but to create appropriate government structures that focus on their social integration.

Circumstantial Factors Among Kentucky Nurse Suicide Decedents, 2005 to 2019.

Background: Nurse suicide, a complex occupational health concern, is urgently in need of research due to the personal and occupational suicide risk factors experienced by nurses, namely mental health problems (e.g., depression), job problems, and substance misuse. Therefore, the study aims were to determine the contextual characteristics and circumstantial factors associated with nurse suicide in Kentucky. Methods: Secondary suicide data were obtained from the Kentucky Violent Death Reporting System (KYVDRS) from 2005 to 2019. Nurse suicide cases were identified using the Bureau of Labor Statistics Standard Occupational Classification. A mixed-methods analysis using descriptive statistics and qualitative evaluation was conducted to determine the distributions of demographic, injury, and weapon characteristics, followed by a qualitative analysis of the KYVDRS incident narrative text of nurse suicide decedents. Results: There were 88 decedents identified with a nursing occupation. The predominant means of death for male (59%) and female (45%) nurses involved firearms. Thematic analysis showed nurse decedents experienced a mental health problem (51%) and premeditated (50%) suicide preceding death. Incidentally, 51% of all cases experienced multiple circumstantial factors (e.g., relationship problems and premeditation) preceding their death by suicide. Discussion/Application to Practice: Nurse suicide decedents experienced multifactorial risk factors preceding their death by suicide, namely depression, premeditated suicide, and relationship problems. Occupational health practitioners and health care organizations can implement individual and organizational prevention efforts to help prevent nurse suicide.

Confidence as capital: pageantry and social reproduction

Pageantry has historically rewarded women who pursue normative standards of beauty. With neoliberal feminism focusing on women’s empowerment, United States pageantry is marketed to women as a space that awards well-rounded competitors with scholarships and other monetary rewards. Using the frameworks of neoliberalism and embodied capital, we investigate how pageant participants conceptualize confidence in the pageant context. Through an analysis of in-depth interviews with pageant stakeholders, we conclude that participants perceive confidence as a resource gained from competing on the pageant stage and a trait that is necessary for competing in pageants. Confidence is embodied capital obtained through self-investment that helps women construct and maintain the ideal pageant femininity. However, confidence is mostly available to middle-class and wealthy women, resulting in reproduction of the class and gender systems. These findings also reveal that pageantry instills and rewards neoliberal principles and postfeminist sensibility, specifically the notion that women’s social mobility in the U.S. is connected to individual effort and investment through capitalism. As such, the values of pageantry overlook systemic barriers to achievement for marginalized women.

Intergenerational transmission and multilingual dynamics: exploring language policies in Chaoshan families through a contextual lens

ABSTRACT Amidst the rapid processes of industrialization and globalization, the interplay between minority and majority languages has garnered increasing attention, highlighting concerns surrounding linguistic diversity and the efficacious enactment of language policies. This study delves into the intricacies of language planning within the familial domain, specifically scrutinizing Chaoshan families in the Chaoshan region as pivotal arenas for nurturing the enduring vitality of Teochew. Employing a methodological approach integrating family visits, interaction recordings, and interviews, this study probes the dynamics of family language policies and individuals’ perceptions vis-à-vis the nexus between linguistic practices and identity formation, with particular emphasis on intergenerational transmission. The results highlight that although Teochew continues to be actively used in family conversations and is closely linked to local identity formation, it is gradually losing ground among younger generations. This decline in passing down the dialect from one generation to the next is noticeable and poses a challenge to its long-term continuity. These insights indicate potential challenges to the sustained perpetuation of Teochew, warranting concerted societal and individual endeavors to safeguard its status as a cherished linguistic asset. The study underscores the importance of societal and individual efforts in preserving Teochew as a valuable linguistic resource.

Perceptions of medical students at Najran University on the effectiveness of problem-based learning and team-based learning

BackgroundTeam-based learning (TBL) and problem-based learning (PBL) are two effective educational approaches used in medical education for increasing knowledge acquisition, learning motivation, and collaborative and communication skills among students. Few studies have been conducted in Saudi Arabia to evaluate medical students’ perceptions of these approaches.Aim of the studyThe present study aimed to evaluate the perceptions of current or previous preclinical students at the College of Medicine, Najran University (NU) about the effectiveness of PBL and TBL and to assess students’ perceptions regarding the strengths and limitations of both educational approaches and their preferences.MethodsA cross-sectional survey was conducted on 106 preclinical students at NU, Saudi Arabia. The survey questionnaire was validated by a pilot study and designed based on Kirkpatrick’s evaluation model. Descriptive statistics was used to analyze the collected data through IBM SPSS Statistics 2.0.Results73.6% of participants enjoyed PBL and found it motivating compared to TBL and classic lectures. PBL was reported as more effective for knowledge acquisition (50%), teamwork (62.3%), and high academic performance (58%).ConclusionIt is concluded that PBL was more favored by the students regarding the learning outcomes. TBL was reported to need more individual preparation and effort and require lecturer involvement, suggesting the need for structured facilitation in this learning approach and potentially indicating the challenges associated with coordinating team-based activities.

Seed Grant Programs to Promote Community Transformation in Higher Education Institutions

Used in higher education for many decades, seed grants are now beginning to be applied as a strategy to advance diversity, equity and inclusion goals, including rebuilding community post-pandemic. There is little research on the effectiveness of seed grants for such communal goals. This work is innovative in two key ways. First, these seed grants focus on promoting a strong sense of community at the institution rather than promoting individual investigators and research projects. Second, engaging students and staff as principal investigators (PIs) disrupts power structures in the academy. We present a systematic analysis of seed grant project reports (n = 45) and survey data (n = 56) from two seed grant programs implemented at the same institution. A diverse set of projects was proposed and funded. Projects had a positive impact on awardees and their departments and colleges. Seed grant program activities were successful at building community among awardees and recognizing individual efforts. Most noteworthy are the career development opportunities for graduate students, postdocs and staff, which are afforded by changes to PI eligibility. We conclude that seed grant programs have the potential for organizational learning and change around community building in higher education.

‘학교 안 전문적 학습공동체’ 특성 분석 및 활성화 방안 모색: 광주광역시 초등학교 중심

Objectives In this study, we analyzed effective cases of teacher professional learning communities in Gwangju's elementary schools to identify common characteristics and explore activation strategies. Methods This study used a systematic approach to explore the characteristics and enhancement strategies of PLCs in schools. It involved analyzing cases and teacher reflections through open coding, and conducting in-depth interviews with experienced PLC teachers. The findings led to strategies for improving and activating PLCs in the school setting. Results Key traits of school-based PLCs include voluntary participation, teamwork, communication, shared learning, and practical application. To activate PLCs, enhance teacher enthusiasm and awareness, and promote peer sharing. Schools should foster shared values, improve leadership support, and encourage innovation. Conclusions School-based PLCs foster a positive cycle where collaborative research and practice drive teaching changes and boost teacher engagement. For this cycle to thrive, individual teacher efforts must be supported by school-level systems and practical policies from the education office.

Identifying and overcoming conflicts of Japanese intrapreneurs

ABSTRACT In this study, we analyzed the conflicts intrapreneurs have with large Japanese companies through interviews. The results revealed that they faced conflicts related to mismatch of expectations for business ideas, career issues, mismatch of business scale, lack of skills, and risk-taking while they were passionate about new business creation in the companies. This study proposes that companies and policy makers work on overcoming the conflicts to cultivate a corporate environment that promotes intrapreneurial activities. To overcome the conflicts, companies and policy makers should realize intrapreneurs’ business ideas, develop their effective careers in companies, support their individual efforts, and collaborate with external partners in addition to internal stakeholders. Not only a single company’s effort but also society-wide efforts to promote intrapreneurship are necessary.

A Kantian Justification of Fair Shares: Climate Ethics and Imperfect Duties

ABSTRACT The debate surrounding individual climate duties is divided between collectivists and unilateralists. The fair shares argument is the most influential unilateralist position. In this paper, I demonstrate how a Kantian approach could solve three problems the fair share argument faces. Firstly, the Kantian focus on an agent’s will avoids skepticism regarding the causal connections between individual actions and climate effects. Secondly, a Kantian argument for the imperfect duty to minimally restrict our emissions to an equal share justifies egalitarian fair shares. Thirdly, a Kantian ethical approach has direct political implications, taking away concerns about a distracting focus on individual efforts.

Guide to Understanding and Supporting International Medical Graduates in Hematology/Oncology by the ASCO International Medical Graduates Community of Practice.

International medical graduates (IMGs) are an essential component of the oncology workforce in the United States, comprising a third of all practicing oncologists and almost half of hematology/oncology fellows. In this article, we discuss the contributions of IMGs in the US oncology workforce, review unique challenges faced by IMGs, and propose potential solutions to overcome these challenges. ASCO's IMG Community of Practice was established with the mission to connect, mentor, guide, raise awareness, and overcome the challenges unique to IMGs interested in pursuing medical oncology in the United States. The content of this article is based on discussions at the IMG Community of Practice meetings at ASCO's 2023 and 2024 Annual Meetings. IMGs bring an inherent diversity of thought and experience to the oncology workforce. They provide high-quality, culture- and language-concordant care to a diverse population of patients with cancer. However, IMGs in oncology face significant hardships throughout their careers, including visa-related restrictions, psychosocial and cultural struggles, as well as differential treatment while applying for residency and fellowship training, and early career positions. Greater awareness of these challenges among the members of the hematology/oncology community, along with institutional and individual efforts to support IMGs, is warranted. We encourage oncology professionals and institutions to join our efforts in recognizing the unique paths of IMGs and providing support and advocacy to maximize the potential of IMGs in the US oncology workforce.

Sound absorbing chandeliers for multitalker noise control in large halls

During social gatherings in large halls, multiple conversations taking place simultaneously can lead to very high noise levels. Increasing the amount of sound absorption in the hall can be very effective in this context: due to the Lombard effect, the noise level drops with 6 dB when doubling the equivalent absorption area, while only a 3 dB drop occurs for sources of constant sound power. However, the possibilities for the absorptive treatment of existing venues can be highly limited, especially when dealing with architectural heritage. Therefore, in the present study, sound absorbing chandeliers, consisting of dense arrangements of absorbing objects, have been designed, developed, tested, and applied in a hard-walled historic hall that hosts social gatherings of more than 800 people. Experiments in the hall during busy events have confirmed the effectiveness of the chandeliers, yet it was also found that, since the ceiling has become the main absorptive surface, they loose efficiency due to the resulting sound field directionality. Furthermore, the individual vocal effort was observed to stay constant when the background nose level was decreasing. Both effects have been thoroughly studied and analyzed, and a prediction methodology to account for these effects has been proposed.

Effects of blinded and nonblinded sequential human redundancy on inspection effort and inspection outcome in low prevalence visual search

Human redundancy is often used in safety–critical domains to help protect against errors. For example, mammograms are read by two radiologists, or the dose of a drug is calculated by two physicians who perform the task redundantly one after the other. However, the expected reliability gain may be compromised by social loafing (SL), i.e., a reduction of individual effort caused by the team setting. In two laboratory studies, we therefore investigated whether different forms of human redundancy cause SL and impact task outcome. In each experiment, about 20 participants inspected images alone for rare targets, while 40 participants worked in teams of two, either performing the first or second inspection. We measured effort using inspection time and inspection area, and measured task outcome using the number of detected targets and false alarms. While there was no transfer of target marks in experiment 1 (blinded redundancy), the second inspectors in experiment 2 saw marks set during the first inspection (nonblinded redundancy). In experiment 1, data revealed no indications of SL but increased time, area covered, detections and false alarms for team-based relative to solo performance. In experiment 2, teams clearly adapted their inspection intensity. The second inspectors searched the images significantly shorter than the first inspectors. While detected targets did not differ between the two redundant groups, the second inspectors were found to produce significantly fewer false alarms than the first inspectors. However, the advantage of detected targets and area coverage still favored the teams. Thus, the principle of redundancy was effective in both forms of sequential redundancy, even if it led to different behaviors and perceptions at the individual level.

Examining the cognitive and affective changes in students through the implementation process of the physics curriculum based on an interdisciplinary context-based learning approach

This case study examines the cognitive and affective changes in students through the implementation process of the physics curriculum based on an interdisciplinary context-based learning approach. The study was conducted during the second semester of the 2017-2018 academic year with 33 students in one of the 10th grade classes of a high school in the Yüreğir district of the Adana province. A criterion sampling method of purposive sampling methods was employed in selecting the school and the class. In the intervention, the researchers used the physics curriculum they developed based on an interdisciplinary context-based learning approach. The plans and activities prepared according to the context-based REACT model were implemented for eight weeks and the data were collected using both quantitative and qualitative methods. At the end of the intervention, significant changes were observed in the students’ ability to relate their knowledge to daily life, interdisciplinary problem-solving skills, attitudes towards problem-solving in physics, and affective characteristics. During the process, students who encountered challenges in problem-solving, focusing on the lesson, working in groups, and relating information to real-life and different disciplines managed to overcome these challenges by increasing their individual efforts and communicating with their peers and the teacher. Because of students who remained passive, made noise, and frequently changed their seats during group work, the researchers encountered some challenges in instruction and time management. To increase classroom participation, they opted for updating the lesson plan, preparing additional examples, and increasing the number of visual materials. In this respect, teachers and other researchers are recommended to allocate more time to interdisciplinary context-based teaching activities, provide students with more real-life problem situations, diversify group work, and conduct group activities more frequently.