Dignity Of Individual Research Articles

Constitutional Morality Vis-À-Vis Cultural Relativism in India

Objective: The objective of the instant paper is to examine and potentially support the claim that fundamental rights guaranteed by the Indian Constitution, such as freedom of religion, despite reservations from cultural relativists, can be seen as emerging elements of constitutional morality. This examination will be based on a comprehensive analysis of judicial decisions, scholarly publications, and juristic opinions. Methodology of the Study: The study will analyse relevant judicial decisions, including landmark cases related to fundamental rights, especially freedom of religion, to understand how the Indian judiciary has interpreted and applied these rights. This will involve examining how the courts have balanced cultural relativism concerns with the principles of constitutional morality. Conclusion: The paper emphasizes the importance of universal human rights and argues against dismissing them due to their Western origin. It advocates for the acceptance of human rights across all cultures. The text acknowledges the complex interaction between law and religious culture, with an emphasis on individual morality. It highlights the value of human dignity within the Indian Constitution, aiming to balance individual rights with the state's duty to ensure equality. The paper also prioritizes women's rights and opposes customs that infringe upon them. It mentions Article 25 of the Indian Constitution, which secures freedom of religion with some limitations. In summary, the passage supports universal human rights, addresses the challenges at the intersection of law and religious culture, and stresses the importance of individual rights and dignity within constitutional morality. Result: The findings of this paper will aim to provide a nuanced understanding of the relationship between fundamental rights, cultural relativism, and constitutional morality in the Indian context. It will shed light on whether fundamental rights, especially freedom of religion, can be considered as emerging elements of constitutional morality despite reservations from cultural relativists. The study will present an analysis of judicial dicta, scholarly publications, and juristic opinions to support its conclusions and contribute to the ongoing discourse on these complex and significant issues within Indian constitutional law.

Artifical Intelligence and Bias: Challenges, Implications, and Remedies

This paper investigates the multifaceted issue of algorithmic bias in artificial intelligence (AI) systems and explores its ethical and human rights implications. The study encompasses a comprehensive analysis of AI bias, its causes, and potential remedies, with a particular focus on its impact on individuals and marginalized communities. The primary objectives of this research are to examine the concept of algorithmic bias, assess its ethical and human rights implications, identify its causes and mechanisms, evaluate its societal impact, explore mitigation strategies, and examine regulatory and community-driven approaches to address this critical issue. The research employs a multidisciplinary approach, drawing from literature reviews, case studies, and ethical analyses. It synthesizes insights from academic papers, governmental reports, and industry guidelines to construct a comprehensive overview of algorithmic bias and its ramifications. This research paper underscores the urgency of addressing algorithmic bias, as it raises profound ethical and human rights concerns. It advocates for comprehensive approaches, spanning technical, ethical, regulatory, and community-driven dimensions, to ensure that AI technologies respect the rights and dignity of individuals and communities in our increasingly AI-driven world.

최근 혼인과 가족생활의 변화에 대한 헌법적 대응과 보장

Our Constitution stipulates that marriage and family life should be established and maintained on the basis of individual dignity and equality of sexes, and the state has an obligation to guarantee this.
 However, recent changes in marriage and family life are occurring due to various factors of society. In Korea, too, family forms are diversifying due to the collapse of the traditional family system and various choices for freedom of marriage due to late marriage, non-marriage, graduating from marriage, and reduced fertility. Our Constitution stipulates marriage, family life and the obligation of the state to guarantee it in Article 36, but the current legal concept and constitutional response to marriage and family seems insufficient.
 In order to effectively respond to this, I think it is necessary to appropriately revise marriage and family provisions when revising the constitution. The content and form of the discipline of Article 36, Paragraph 1 of the current Constitution has a limit to constitutionally embrace and guarantee the deinstitutionalization of the family in modern society because the traditional family system has a strong guarantee character.
 Problem solving through the existing constitutional interpretation may be the next best thing, but in order to protect and support a new type of community that does not correspond to traditional marriage and family forms as marriage and family, it is necessary to fully consider the possibility of acceptance into our society and accept it based on constitutional possibility and grounds through consensus of the public sphere.
 Furthermore, in recognizing a new type of marriage and family form, it is time to change the sense of solidarity of being a companion to live together in this age, avoiding discriminatory judgment based on preconception and prejudice on the constitutional basis.

‘Hope despite all odds’: academic precarity in embattled Ukraine

ABSTRACT Precarity of the Ukrainian professoriate is a lacuna in the higher education literature. There was no research on this subject before the 2022 Russian invasion of Ukraine. Furthermore, no investigations have been conducted on how university professors handle the hardships of teaching in wartime. This study tries to understand the phenomenon of precarity, as it is experienced by Ukrainian educators affected by the brutal invasion and ensuing dehumanization. The study explores the following questions: What do post-Soviet educators learn from precarity and hostile environments that undermine their individual and professional dignity? How do they manage the security deficit in their academic and living environments? By presenting insights from thirty-nine interviews, this paper elaborates on the phenomenon of precarity among university educators who are urged to redefine themselves, reinstate their academic identity, and salvage their teaching careers in the context of war.

Defamation and Insult Via Digital Media in Indonesia: The Islamic Law and Human Rights Perspective

Purpose: In this research, normatively and practically, insults and defamation tested the standard limits of freedom of speech as a form of freedom of expression. Theoretical framework: Each individual has an obligation to exercise their human rights and to recognize and protect the human rights of others. No entity, whether it be the government, groups, or individuals, has the authorization to infringe on the rights of others. Method: The research method used in this research was normative juridical research that refers to the norms and principles of law regulating criminal acts of insult and or defamation via digital media. Conclusions: In principle, the regulation of criminal acts of insult and or defamation via digital media is based on human rights. However, the regulation in the Indonesian Criminal Code and Law Number 11 of 2008 on Electronic Information and Transactions may not be an appropriate for controlling information containing insults and/or defamation in information technology. In Islamic law, respect for human beings is a fundamental right and universal freedom is an integral part of Islam. Research Implications: In the context of a democracy, freedom of expression is a right, the use of which can be restricted by the state. Insults and defamation through speech and expression can harm an individual's reputation, which is considered one of their fundamental rights that demands protection and respect. Originality/value: Human dignity has a high position in the core values of Islam. It is because Islam does not allow for the degradation of an individual's dignity through insult or defamation.

Ethics of Digital Health in Islamic Perspective

Promoting digital health has the potential to significantly enhance healthcare delivery and improve the overall health of the populations. However, it raises ethical concerns such as the breach of personal privacy, risk of misdiagnosis to a larger group of population and potential bias to certain population. Technology should be used in a way to that promotes the well-being of patients and not to be used to exploit or manipulate people. Respect for individual dignity and autonomy, the promotion of social justice, ensuring patient safety and the appropriate use of technology are all ethical values that apply to digital health ethics from an Islamic perspective. These guidelines can direct the creation and application of digital health technologies in a morally righteous manner that enhances the welfare of people and communities.

Intersectionality in News: Recognizing Current Transgender Women Representations in Vietnamese Online Newspapers

Critically, due to gender essentialism (Gallagher & Bodenhausen, 2021), endogeneity constraints (Stock, 2019; Carter, 2022), and cisnormative stereotypes (Burkett, 2015; Daniels, 2012; Grant et al. 2011; Delmira & Mixalis, 2019), the transgender women community faces more discrimination and danger than the homosexual and transgender men communities combined. They are often subjected to ridicule, prejudice, and marginalization, leading to limited job opportunities and forcing some into sex work or entertainment (UNDP & USAID, 2014). Media and press attention on transgender women in Vietnam has positively developed, with notable achievements such as Miss Huong Giang Idol winning the Miss International Queen pageant in 2018. The media's increased focus on transgender women and the introduction of the Gender Transition Law project indicate progress in recognizing and protecting their rights. However, it is crucial to acknowledge that negative stereotypes and biases may persist, and media representations can still contribute to stigmatisation and discrimination (iSEE, 2023; Mocarski et al., 2019). Mockery, comedic portrayals, and the trivialization of gender identity undermine the dignity and experiences of transgender individuals (UNDP & USAID, 2014; Pham & Dong, 2015.) Keywords: transgender women, intersectionality, CDA, online news, representation

Enhancing Cancer Care Amid Conflict: A Proposal for Optimizing Oncology Services During Wartime.

The landscape of cancer care within armed conflict zones is characterized by intricate challenges arising from disrupted health care systems, scarcity of resources, and population displacement. During times of war, the provision of cancer services is often disrupted, leading to significant challenges for oncologists and other health care providers. To optimize cancer services during wartime, several key priorities must be addressed. Focusing on needs assessment, treatment prioritization, drug supply chain, telemedicine, mobile clinics, cross-border collaborations, health care staff support, and continuity of care will enable health care systems to provide essential cancer services and mitigate the adverse impact of conflict on patients with cancer. This article delineates the pivotal key priorities for optimizing cancer services during wartime. It calls for collaborative action, the integration of technology, and holistic care approaches to safeguard the rights, well-being, and dignity of individuals confronting the dual challenges of cancer and conflict. By addressing these priorities, health care providers, policymakers, and stakeholders can collectively ensure that cancer services remain steadfast and compassionate even amid the turmoil of war. Thus, it may be possible to optimize cancer services during wartime, ensuring that patients with cancer continue to receive the care they need.

Moralitas Menurut Friedrich Nietzsche: Eksplorasi “Mentalitas Budak”

This writing explores the life and thoughts of Friedrich Nietzsche, a German philosopher known for his critique of Christian morality and traditional concepts in society. Nietzsche, who was born into a devout Christian family, developed views that opposed Christian morality, which he believed created a slave mentality. He advocated for a morality focused on self-preservation and the elevation of individual dignity, proposing the concept of the superior human or ubermensch that emphasizes strength, courage, and freedom. Nietzsche's thoughts led to egoism and a rejection of absolute authority, emphasizing the importance of individuals to develop themselves to the fullest. This writing also discusses how Nietzsche's thoughts remain relevant in contemporary contexts, urging individuals to prioritize themselves and achieve their best potential. Additionally, the author highlights how Nietzsche, as a productive thinker, has influenced many existentialist philosophers and the development of modern Western philosophy with his nihilistic views. While his contributions are acknowledged as significant, this writing also underscores that his views pose new dangers to current philosophical thinking.

Peculiarities of civil law protection of honor, dignity and business reputation on the internet as objects of the right of an individual to information regarding himself

The article defines the concept of information about an individual as an object of civil rights. The author analyzes the state of legislative regulation of the relationship between the concepts of “personal information” and “personal data”. The basic principles of information relations are highlighted. The issues of the right to privacy in the context of technological progress and digitalization are outlined.The author examines and analyzes a whole range of controversial issues which arise for both civil theorists and practicing lawyers and attorneys-at-law (barristers) on the issues of protection of honor, dignity, and business reputation of individuals on the Internet, including the grounds for legal relations around protection of an individual’s honor, dignity, and business reputation. The article provides a general overview of the conceptual framework and theoretical foundations of the legal definition of honor, dignity, and business reputation of an individual. Particular attention is paid to the issue of defining negative and unreliable information, as well as the legal nature of the appearance and dissemination of such information on the Internet. Also, author research the conceptual foundations of the mechanism of protection of individual’s rights to honor, dignity, and business reputation. The author also pays attention to identifying the shortcomings of the legal regulation of the protection of these rights.The article highlights the specifics of practical issues arising for an individual who is trying to protect personal non-property rights to honor, dignity, and business reputation, which are violated because of posting information on the Internet which, in the individual’s opinion, is not unreliable. To this end, author has reviewed and analyzed several different court decisions (cases) of various instances (from local courts up to the Supreme Court and the European Court of Human Rights).The author makes a logical and consistent conclusion that such legal categories as honor, dignity and business reputation belong to the objects of the right of an individual to information regarding himself. The author offers general recommendations on the choice of legal instruments and methods for protecting an individual’s honor, dignity, and business reputation on the Internet.

Female Genital Mutilation: A Physical Attack on the Basic Human Rights of Young Women

There is no doubt about this universal fact that women across the globe especially young girls have been subjected to harassment and violence since time immemorial in the garb of customary practices and traditions. Mutilation of Female Genitalia (FGM) is also a type of barbaric tradition, blatantly violent and has no ethical and religious basis. It involves all the inhumane procedures relating to the semi or overall amputation of peripheral genital privates or erstwhile forms of harm in female reproductive organs for nonremedial purposes. It has been seen that women around about 200 million globally who had gone through the consequence of FGM and nearly 3.8 million females are at the risk of circumcision. 3 This results in the severe violation of human rights which has been outlined in numerous international human rights documents. Despite all this, FGM is still flourishing globally and Dawoodi Bohras community in India is a prime example of that. Therefore, human right based legislation on FGM is the need of the hour. Hence, in this paper, the researchers have made an attempt to put forward the blueprint of exploitation and violence faced by females in the name of female genital mutilation which not only hampers their individual dignity and privacy, but it also puts a question mark on the so called quest of women empowerment all around the world.

Demokrasi Dalam Pendidikan Islam

This paper discusses democracy in Islamic education, this paper aims to know in depth about the definition of democracy, democracy in Islamic education, Problems of Islamic education democracy, Islamic education democracy solutions , Implementation of Islamic education democracy. Democracy regarding education where many problems often occur, one of which is a problem that often occurs in the world of education according to the observations of researchers, such as: schools, especially teachers, are often a reference of many things that are not desired by the community. When children are dependent on watching television, it is the school that is targeted because it is considered not to provide maximum media education. When there are frequent brawls, it is the school that is most highlighted because schools lack value education. When people are not familiar with technology, schools are also the focus because of lack of attention to the times, and there are many examples of other problems. The purpose of this study is to know the concept of democracy in Islam and to explain democratic education according to Islam. The research method used is a basic theoretical method that uses data from materials, namely library research, where the author reads and studies books or literature related to the problem under study. Democratic principles in Islamic Education are: There is freedom for educators and students, where freedom here includes: freedom to work, freedom to develop potential and freedom of opinion. Equality towards learners in Islamic education. Because, Islam provides equal opportunities for all learners to get an education or learn. Respect for individual dignity in Islamic education.

Truth that Matters

Truth that Matters

Lessons learned from practices during the initial response to COVID-19 on the cruise ship Diamond Princess.

The battle against coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) still continues three years after the onset of the pandemic, but there are concerns about the next emerging infectious disease. This study reports the practices during the initial response to COVID-19 on the cruise ship Diamond Princess and lessons learned from a nursing perspective. During these practices, one of the authors dealt with a sample collection team from the Self-Defense Forces and collaborated with the Disaster Medical Assistance Team (DMAT), Disaster Psychiatric Assistance Team (DPAT), and other teams. They mentioned the passengers' state and the distress and fatigue of the personnel assisting them. This revealed the specifics of emerging infectious diseases and their commonalities, regardless of the disaster. Results identified three crucial points: i) predicting the impact of lifestyle changes on health due to isolation and implementing preventive measures, ii) protecting individual human rights and dignity even in health emergencies, and iii) support for personnel providing assistance.

How Do Consociations Craft Asylum Policy? Lebanon’s Response to Conflict-Induced Displacement as an Exploratory Case

Abstract How do consociations craft their asylum policy, and how do they deal with the rights of “others”? Research has started to explore the relationship between consociational governance and non-ethnic or non-sectarian social groups. Yet, we still know little about how consociations interact with refugee flight on the one hand, and with the ethics of refugee protection on the other. As a form of thick institutional complexity, consociationalism risks limiting the ability of the state to respond to refugee displacement in a manner that is timely, effective, and which respects the rights and dignity of displaced individuals. We draw on Lebanon’s response to the arrival of some 1.5 million displaced individuals in the country since the start of Syria’s lethal conflict in 2011 as an exploratory case study that seeks to further knowledge on how consociations craft and implement their asylum policy. Specifically, we consider three mechanisms of immobilism that constrain the crafting of unified, responsive, and inclusive asylum policy and that are posed by the consociational state apparatus itself: ethnicization/sectarianization, procrastination, and fragmentation. Building on Lebanon’s patterns of refugee policymaking, we show how these mechanisms mutually reinforce one another, backfiring on policy congruence as well as refugee rights and protection.

Crisis politics of dehumanisation during COVID-19: A framework for mapping the social processes through which dehumanisation undermines human dignity.

The COVID-19 global pandemic is understood to be a multidimensional crisis, and yet undertheorised is how it reinforced the politics of dehumanisation. This article proposes an original framework that explains how dehumanisation undermines the human dignity of individuals with minoritised socio-economic identities during the COVID-19 pandemic. The framework identifies four interrelated mechanisms of crisis-driven dehumanisation: threat construction, expanded state coercion, reinforcement of hierarchies, and normalisation of deaths. The article argues that an understanding of these mechanisms is crucial for capturing the complexity of human rights deterioration during the COVID-19 pandemic. The article uses the plausibility probe method to demonstrate macro-processes of dehumanisation, with illustrative empirical examples from diverse societies during COVID-19. It proposes a framework for understanding these dehumanisation processes that can apply to other transnational crises.

Household water treatment practice and associated factors in Ethiopia: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

The provision of potable water is crucial to ensuring the health and dignity of individuals. In many developing countries, including Ethiopia, waterborne disease has become a major public health problem. There is a significant gap in accessing comprehensive national-wide evidence on Household Water Treatment (HWT) practices and associated factors in Ethiopia. Therefore, this study aims to assess the pooled HWT practice and associated factors in Ethiopia. A comprehensive search of published studies before October 15, 2022, was identified using databases and other sources. Data were extracted using Microsoft Excel, and analysis was performed using STATA 14/SE software. A random-effects model was used to estimate the pooled proportion of HWT practices and the odds ratio of associated factors. The funnel plot and Egger's regression test were used to assess publication bias, and I2 test statistics was used to assess heterogeneity. Duval and Tweedie's "trim and fill" method was performed to adjust the pooled estimate. A subgroup analysis was also conducted to identify the sources of heterogeneity. In this study, a total of 708 articles were retrieved, and 16 eligible studies were included. The pooled proportion of HWT practice in Ethiopia was found to be 21% (95% CI: 17-24). Having a formal education (OR: 2.42, 95% CI (2.11-2.74)), being male (OR: 1.32, 95% CI (1.13-1.51)), owning radio (OR: 1.33, 95% CI (1.18-1.47)), having a higher income (OR: 1.73, 95% CI (1.41-2.04)), unimproved water source (OR: 1.71, 95% CI (1.41-2.01)), fetching water at more frequently (OR: 3.31, 95% CI (1.99-4.64)), dipping methods of water drawing (OR: 2.08, 95% CI (1.66-2.51)), and taken training of water treatment (OR: 2.15, 95% CI (1.55-2.75)) were all found to be associated with HWT practice. Based on the findings of this study, the pooled proportion of HWT practice in Ethiopia was found to be one-fifth, which indicated that it was significantly low. Therefore, the authors recommend that households could better receive adequate information about HWT practices through strengthened health education and intensive training on HWT.

A qualitative meta-synthesis of patient dignity from the perspective of caregivers

BackgroundThe concept of dignity remains disputed, with most studies defining dignity based on its external dimension. Although its inherent dimension is a rooted attribute of dignity, it has received scarce attention. Caregivers have close relationships with their care recipients and thus may perceive their patient’s inherent as well as external dimensions of dignity. Therefore, in this study, we aimed to identify, analyze, and synthesize evidence on human dignity presented in qualitative studies from the perspective of caregivers to gain a deeper comprehension of the preservation of patients’ dignity by their caregivers.MethodsA qualitative meta-synthesis was performed by searching for relevant qualitative literature via systematic electronic databases, including MEDLINE, PsycINFO, ProQuest, CINAHL, Embase, Health Source, and Web of Science, from inception to March 15, 2022.ResultsNine studies were eligible for inclusion and included in the meta-synthesis. Three overarching categories were identified: integrated person, “rootedness” and “growth” atmosphere, and balanced state.ConclusionsDignity is rooted in its inherent dimension, whereas its external dimension may promote individual dignity. Furthermore, caregiver-patient relationships may be a key factor linking the inherent dimension of dignity with its external dimension. Thus, further studies should focus on the mechanism of relationships in preserving dignity.

Gender-Inclusive Textisms: How Spanish-speaking educational communities promote linguistic innovations on twitter

Any linguistic reform aimed at gender equality benefits from teacher's capacity as spreaders, and literature has shown that Twitter can be used as an excellent channel for the dissemination of good practice in language use. In a mixed-methods study based on public data mining and semantic content analysis, we examine how teachers use gender-fair language (GIL) in their digital communications on Twitter, what GIL procedures they use and, if Spanish digitalk incorporates specific textisms for GIL. Results confirmed that teachers make a widespread use of GIL procedures, prefer the use of collective nouns as a GIL mechanism, and intentionally incorporate GIL into digitalk through specific textisms, what we have named gender-inclusive textisms (GIT). The findings indicate that teachers are at the forefront of gender-inclusive language activism in educational virtual communities, and therefore, that although Twitter may contain messages that outrage the dignity of individuals, it is also a privileged space for linguistic innovations oriented toward gender equality.

Regulating Brain–Computer Interfaces: Ensuring Soft Law Does Not Go Flat

Novel neurotechnologies such as brain-computer interfaces aim to offer new treatment options for those suffering with mental or neurological diseases or defects. At the same time, legal tools to regulate and manage these advancements remain underdeveloped in light of various policy challenges. Soft law mechanisms are likely one valuable tool for early management of the development of BCIs. These mechanisms should be flexible enough to grow with the technology as well as be hardened into binding law if necessary. These softer tools will need to be guided by standards and code of conducts that respect the privacy, agency, identity, and dignity of individuals and communities. Here we review three examples – across intergovernmental, civil society, and standard-setting bodies – illustrating the development of early mechanisms to manage BCIs. While these are important first steps, we argue stakeholders must now look to ways to actively, rather than passively, monitor and evaluate outcomes under these soft legal instruments.