As cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases (CVDs) in children are receiving increasing attention, the background is that CVDs at different age stages present different characteristics. Currently, some progress has been made in age-specific targeted therapeutic studies, but the refinement and optimisation of the overall treatment strategy still needs to be deepened. The research gap lies in the lack of a comprehensive and systematic comparison of treatment strategies for different age groups. This paper have analysed the differences and commonalities of CVD treatment strategies in different age groups, and obtained the relevant results of optimised strategies in each age group. Treatment for children must take into account the effects on growth and development, adolescents need to focus on prevention and correction, and the elderly require comprehensive management. This is of great significance in improving the treatment effect of CVD in children and provides a comprehensive reference for future studies, but the long-term effect assessment and individual difference response are still not fully resolved, and future studies can focus on further exploration in these directions.