Individual Copies Research Articles

Models and procedures for interval evaluating the results of control of knowledge in computer systems testing of Navy

To implement effective military and professional training of Navy specialists, a corresponding educational and material base is needed. As a result of the reduction in the 1990s in the branches of the military-industrial complex developing weapons and equipment for the Navy, the latest models of this technology are now produced not in batches, but in individual copies. The question of the production of training and training samples is not worth it at all. Under these conditions, only virtual analogues of military equipment and weapons, developed by means of information technology, i.e., training and training systems (TOS), can be considered as the only means capable of providing military-professional training. At the modern level of the development of information technologies, testing is the only universal technical means of monitoring the knowledge of students. Procedures for knowledge control in modern computer testing systems do not meet the requirements for them according to the following characteristics: 1) the absence of the possibility of evaluating the error of the test results; 2) the absence of the possibility of stopping testing when the specified reliability of its results is achieved. In order to effectively implement the means of operational criteria-based pedagogical control of knowledge in the process of training specialists of the Navy and to enable joint analysis and processing of evaluations of learning outcomes, it is advisable to implement the following practical recommendations: 1. Formulating the teacher's preferences system regarding the quality of trainee training and the teacher's preferences system in relation to The significance of single test tasks in the test should be considered as the most important The essential steps in preparing a test for practical use. 2. The teacher who first enters the input of his preference systems should check their actual compliance on a sample of 5-10 such test results that cover the full range of possible outcomes (from fully faithful to completely incorrect). The presence of the developed and presented models provides the possibility of setting and solving the task of developing models and procedures for managing the process of criterion-oriented testing, ensuring the efficiency of this process.

Toward methylation-based classification of central nervous system tumors

Precise classification of nervous system tumors into coherent clinicopathologic entities is the necessary first step for the appropriate management of patients. While this has been traditionally performed by histopathology only, recent accelerations in our understanding of the molecular features of nervous system tumors have led to the integration of molecular characteristics into diagnostic criteria. The updated WHO 2016 classification of tumors of the central nervous system (CNS)1 thus includes both histologic and molecular features—primarily mutational status of individual genes and copy number alterations—facilitating the precise diagnosis of CNS tumors. While this has led to increased objectivity and reproducibility, classification progress is still required, especially for rare and for poorly understood entities.

Examining relationships between total silver concentration and Sil silver resistance genes in domestic wastewater treatment plants.

The overarching aims of this study were to determine if microbes found in wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) carry silver resistance genes and ascertain whether a relationship exists between silver loading and sil silver resistance gene copy numbers. Activated sludge samples were collected from 17 WWTPs across the United States and characterized for chemical oxygen demand (COD) and total silver concentration. Gene copy numbers were quantified using qPCR for four common silver resistance genes (silC, silP, silR and silS). Spearman correlation analyses were performed to examine associations between three WWTP characteristics (i.e. size, COD and total silver concentration) and sil gene copy numbers. sil genes were found in all activated sludge samples, however the quantity of gene copy numbers was inconsistent. Of the sil genes screened, silS was the most abundant, followed by silR. Gene copy numbers for silC and silP were generally similar and overall lower than silS and silR. Neither individual or combined sil gene copy numbers correlated significantly with total silver concentration, suggesting either the presence of alternate mechanisms of silver resistance or that a critical silver concentration threshold within WWTPs was not met that would require specific resistance against silver. To the authors' knowledge, this is one of the first studies to measure the prevalence of sil genes in engineered systems. Results from this study suggest that at least four silver resistance genes are commonly found within WWTP-activated sludge, however it is unclear if these genes are being expressed under current total silver loadings.

The role of mate-choice copying in speciation and hybridization.

Mate-choice copying, a social, non-genetic mechanism of mate choice, occurs when an individual (typically a female) copies the mate choice of other individuals via a process of social learning. Over the past 20years, mate-choice copying has consistently been shown to affect mate choice in several species, by altering the genetically based expression of mating preferences. This behaviour has been claimed by several authors to have a significant role in evolution. Because it can cause or increase skews in male mating success, it seems to have the potential to induce a rapid change of the directionality and rate of sexual selection, possibly leading to divergent evolution and speciation. Theoretical work has, however, been challenging this view, showing that copying may decelerate sexual selection and that linkage disequilibrium cannot be established between the copied preference and the male trait, because females copy from unrelated individuals in the population, making an invasion of new and potentially fitter male traits difficult. Given this controversy, it is timely to ask about the real impact of mate-choice copying in speciation. We propose that a solution to this impasse may be the existence of some degree of habitat selection, which would create a spatial structure, causing scenarios of micro-allopatry and thus overcoming the problem of the lack of linkage disequilibrium. As far as we are aware, the potential role of mate-choice copying on fostering speciation in micro-allopatry has not been tackled. Also important is that the role of mate-choice copying has generally been discussed as being a barrier to gene flow. However, in our view, mate-choice copying may actually play a key role in facilitating gene flow, thereby fostering hybridization. Yet, the role of mate-choice copying in hybridization has so far been overlooked, although the conditions under which it might occur are more likely, or less restricted, than those favouring speciation. Hence, a conceptual framework is needed to identify the exact mechanisms and the conditions under which speciation or hybridization are expected. Here, we develop such a framework to be used as a roadmap for future research at the intersection of these research areas.

Machiavelli, Neville and the seventeenth-century English Republican attack on priestcraft

ABSTRACTIn a fictitious letter claimed to be written by Niccolò Machiavelli, the English republican thinker Henry Neville warned against the dangers of priestcraft and the clerical conspiracy against mankind. The clergy, he argued, were colluding in the oppression of the people by supporting the cause of divine-right monarchy through their false interpretation of the scriptures. The “Letter” was first published as part of the 1675 English edition of Machiavelli’s Works produced by the opposition bookseller John Starkey. Its most interesting feature is a section calling for rebellion against absolutist rulers, a section which could not be printed with the remainder of the text for its seditious content at a time when the opposition in England feared the rise of popery and arbitrary power; instead it was inserted in manuscript in individual copies supplied to trusted readers, including the Tuscan Grand Duke Cosimo III. While the real Machiavelli had written about the political benefits of pagan religion and had criticised the Christian faith for its lack of virtue, he never wrote about priestcraft as such. Yet, in this piece, Neville turned his fictional Machiavelli into a mouthpiece of late-seventeenth-century anti-clericalism and republicanism, and a proponent of further Reformation for the benefit of the state.

Materiały źródłowe do katalogu wydawnictw migracyjnych, opracowane na podstawie kolekcji Stowarzyszenia Ochrony Poloników Niemieckich w Opolu. Cz. 2 Polonika emigracyjne

This catalog contains 117 bibliographic entries elaborated personally by the authors. The unit includes: name and surname of the author, title, designation of issue, place of publication, publisher’s name, release date and information about the physical characteristics of publication. The data acquired from outside the book are derived from bibliographic sources and they are placed in square brackets. Descriptions are supplemented by annotations that indicate the number of publications in the collection of the „Stowarzyszenie Ochrony Poloników Niemieckich” (The Association of German Polonica Protection) from Opole, provenance signs occurring on individual copies of selected examples ‒ the content of the payload. The items are mostly arranged alphabetically by surname of the first author, and the anonymous works by title. Description of units are given according to its original spelling.

Locus-specific hypomethylation of the mouse IAP retrotransposon is associated with transcription factor-binding sites

BackgroundIntracisternal A particle (IAP) is one of the most transpositionally active retrotransposons in the mouse genome, but its expression varies between cell types. This variation is believed to arise from differences in the epigenetic state (e.g., DNA methylation) of the 5′ long terminal repeat (LTR), where transcription starts. However, owing to the high copy number and high sequence similarity between copies, it is difficult to analyze the epigenetic states of individual IAP LTRs in a comprehensive manner.ResultsWe have developed a method called Target Enrichment after Post-Bisulfite Adaptor Tagging (TEPBAT) to analyze the DNA methylation states of a large number of individual retrotransposon copies at once. Using this method, we determined the DNA methylation levels of >8500 copies of genomic IAP LTRs (almost all copies that we aimed to target by the PCR primers) in the sperm and tail. This revealed that the vast majority of the LTRs were heavily methylated in both sperm and tail; however, hypomethylated copies were more frequently found in the sperm than in the tail. Interestingly, most of these hypomethylated LTRs were solo-type, belonged to specific IAP subfamilies, and carried binding sites for transcription factors (TFs) that are active in male germ cells.ConclusionsThe current study revealed subfamily- and locus-specific hypomethylation of IAP LTRs, and suggests that binding of TFs is involved in the protection from DNA methylation, whereas the IAP internal sequence enhances methylation. Furthermore, the study demonstrated that TEPBAT offers a cost-effective method for a variety of DNA methylome studies that focus on retrotransposon sequences.

Evolutionary modes of emergence of short interspersed nuclear element (SINE) families in grasses.

Short interspersed nuclear elements (SINEs) are non-autonomous transposable elements which are propagated by retrotransposition and constitute an inherent part of the genome of most eukaryotic species. Knowledge of heterogeneous and highly abundant SINEs is crucial for de novo (or improvement of) annotation of whole genome sequences. We scanned Poaceae genome sequences of six important cereals (Oryza sativa, Triticum aestivum, Hordeum vulgare, Panicum virgatum, Sorghum bicolor, Zea mays) and Brachypodium distachyon to examine the diversity and evolution of SINE populations. We comparatively analyzed the structural features, distribution, evolutionary relation and abundance of 32 SINE families and subfamilies within grasses, comprising 11052 individual copies. The investigation of activity profiles within the Poaceae provides insights into their species-specific diversification and amplification. We found that Poaceae SINEs (PoaS) fall into two length categories: simple SINEs of up to 180bp and dimeric SINEs larger than 240bp. Detailed analysis at the nucleotide level revealed that multimerization of related and unrelated SINE copies is an important evolutionary mechanism of SINE formation. We conclude that PoaS families diversify by massive reshuffling between SINE families, likely caused by insertion of truncated copies, and provide a model for this evolutionary scenario. Twenty-eight of 32 PoaS families and subfamilies show significant conservation, in particular either in the 5' or 3' regions, across Poaceae species and share large sequence stretches with one or more other PoaS families.

Abstract 4666: DREAMing as a simple and low cost alternative for the assessment of methylation in ultra rare DNA

Abstract Background: Current approaches for the assessment of methylation, such as methylation-specific PCR (MSP) and next-generation bisulfite sequencing (BS-Seq) are fundamentally limited in their ability to detect and assess heterogeneous methylation patterns (epialleles) in ultra-rare (<0.1%) DNA. These limitations critically compromise diagnostic utility and render them ill suited for many emerging applications in cancer diagnostics, such as the analysis of methylation heterogeneity in cell-free DNA (cfDNA) and rare cell populations. We recently addressed the need for a low cost alternative to the assessment of methylation of ultra-rare DNA with the development of DREAMing (Discrimination of Rare EpiAlleles by Melt), which uses semi-limiting dilution and precise melt curve analysis to distinguish and enumerate individual copies of DNA at single copy sensitivity and single-CpG-site resolution. Here, we seek to demonstrate the advantages of the DREAMing method over conventional approaches to methylation assessment. Methods: We expand upon the underlying theory of DREAMing and provide guidelines for the development of single-copy sensitive DREAMing assays. We further elucidate methods for tailoring DREAMing assays to samples of interest and compare the performance of these assays to commonly employed techniques including quantitative MSP (qMSP) and BS-Seq. Results: Development of single-copy sensitive DREAMing assays for a number of loci associated with classic tumor-specific methylation such as CHFR and RASSF1A as well as a candidate pan-cancer locus are reported. These assays are then used to analyze methylation in cfDNA derived from the plasma of cancer-positive and healthy patients. DREAM analysis reveals that DREAMing can readily detect over an order of magnitude more epialleles when directly compared to qMSP and BS-Seq assays of the same locus. Some of the challenges associated with distinguishing potential tumor-specific aberrant methylation from background methylation are then discussed and proposed solutions are demonstrated. Lastly, methods for optimizing DREAMing assays for specific sample types are discussed. Conclusions: DREAMing is a recently introduced method for the assessment of locus-specific methylation in samples containing ultra rare target DNA. Its low cost and simplicity coupled with the ability to provide enhanced, single-copy detection of heterogeneous methylation make DREAMing an attractive option over traditional techniques for demanding specimens such as cfDNA and rare cell populations. DREAMing has potential utility in the evaluation of DNA methylation dynamics in cell populations, prenatal testing, as well as clear use in early cancer diagnostic, companion diagnostic and predictive applications. Citation Format: Thomas R. Pisanic, Pornpat Athamanolap, Brendan F. Miller, Vincent Wu, Laura Elnitski, Tza-Huei Wang. DREAMing as a simple and low cost alternative for the assessment of methylation in ultra rare DNA [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2017; 2017 Apr 1-5; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2017;77(13 Suppl):Abstract nr 4666. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2017-4666

Concordance of Circulating Tumor DNA and Matched Metastatic Tissue Biopsy in Prostate Cancer.

Real-time knowledge of the somatic genome can influence management of patients with metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer (mCRPC). While routine metastatic tissue biopsy is challenging in mCRPC, plasma circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA) has emerged as a minimally invasive tool to sample the tumor genome. However, no systematic comparisons of matched "liquid" and "solid" biopsies have been performed that would enable ctDNA profiling to replace the need for direct tissue sampling. We performed targeted sequencing across 72 clinically relevant genes in 45 plasma cell-free DNA (cfDNA) samples collected at time of metastatic tissue biopsy. We compared ctDNA alterations with exome sequencing data generated from matched tissue and quantified the concordance of mutations and copy number alterations using the Fisher exact test and Pearson correlations. Seventy-five point six percent of cfDNA samples had a ctDNA proportion greater than 2% of total cfDNA. In these patients, all somatic mutations identified in matched metastatic tissue biopsies were concurrently present in ctDNA. Furthermore, the hierarchy of variant allele fractions for shared mutations was remarkably similar between ctDNA and tissue. Copy number profiles between matched liquid and solid biopsy were highly correlated, and individual copy number calls in clinically actionable genes were 88.9% concordant. Detected alterations included AR amplifications in 22 (64.7%) samples, SPOP mutations in three (8.8%) samples, and inactivating alterations in tumor suppressors TP53 , PTEN , RB1 , APC , CDKN1B , BRCA2 , and PIK3R1 . In several patients, ctDNA sequencing revealed robust changes not present in paired solid biopsy, including clinically relevant alterations in the AR, WNT, and PI3K pathways. Our study shows that, in the majority of patients, a ctDNA assay is sufficient to identify all driver DNA alterations present in matched metastatic tissue and supports development of DNA biomarkers to guide mCRPC patient management based on ctDNA alone.

Stable centromere positioning in diverse sequence contexts of complex and satellite centromeres of maize and wild relatives

BackgroundParadoxically, centromeres are known both for their characteristic repeat sequences (satellite DNA) and for being epigenetically defined. Maize (Zea mays mays) is an attractive model for studying centromere positioning because many of its large (~2 Mb) centromeres are not dominated by satellite DNA. These centromeres, which we call complex centromeres, allow for both assembly into reference genomes and for mapping short reads from ChIP-seq with antibodies to centromeric histone H3 (cenH3).ResultsWe found frequent complex centromeres in maize and its wild relatives Z. mays parviglumis, Z. mays mexicana, and particularly Z. mays huehuetenangensis. Analysis of individual plants reveals minor variation in the positions of complex centromeres among siblings. However, such positional shifts are stochastic and not heritable, consistent with prior findings that centromere positioning is stable at the population level. Centromeres are also stable in multiple F1 hybrid contexts. Analysis of repeats in Z. mays and other species (Zea diploperennis, Zea luxurians, and Tripsacum dactyloides) reveals tenfold differences in abundance of the major satellite CentC, but similar high levels of sequence polymorphism in individual CentC copies. Deviation from the CentC consensus has little or no effect on binding of cenH3.ConclusionsThese data indicate that complex centromeres are neither a peculiarity of cultivation nor inbreeding in Z. mays. While extensive arrays of CentC may be the norm for other Zea and Tripsacum species, these data also reveal that a wide diversity of DNA sequences and multiple types of genetic elements in and near centromeres support centromere function and constrain centromere positions.

The implementation of a streamlined process for biomarker testing in medical oncology.

179 Background: Biomarker testing is increasingly becoming an essential part of standard care. At Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre (SHSC) in Toronto, Canada, our Department of Molecular Services handles some internal biomarker tests, while some tests are referred to citywide labs. The Odette Cancer Centre (OCC) of SHSC is one of the largest cancer centres in Canada, serving over 12,000 new patients per year, of whom many rely on biomarker tests for personalized treatment. We aimed to describe the work systems at the OCC for biomarker testing and reporting, and to initiate system improvements. Methods: This quality improvement initiative occurred in three phases: qualitative descriptive analysis of the current process of biomarker testing, exploration of future state process using LEAN, and implementation of a streamlined process. In phase one, ten medical oncologists, two administrative assistants, and one pathologist were interviewed. A multidisciplinary team was then assembled to investigate and initiate improvements. Results: Tracking results from external labs was managed by individual physicians and hard copy results were submitted to medical records for filing in patient paper charts, compared to internal tests which are posted on the electronic record, making outside tests harder to retrieve later. The current process involved more than 150 different tests with only 44% of results appearing in the hospital electronic record. In June 2016, a standardized process was implemented where a designated laboratory assistant managed requisition forms, sent corresponding specimens to qualified labs, ensured the receipt of results through various electronic tracking tools and validated the subsequent upload to the electronic medical system. Over a four-month implementation period, there were 364 cases/patients with 467 tests requested; 100% of these test results are stored in the electronic record. Conclusions: The lack of standardization of biomarker testing and reporting can have negative implications on quality of care and patient safety. Therefore, streamlining this process and incorporating electronic tracking tools can improve the accessibility of test results to improve the quality of oncology care.

Population genetics of immune-related multilocus copy number variation in Native Americans.

While multiallelic copy number variation (mCNV) loci are a major component of genomic variation, quantifying the individual copy number of a locus and defining genotypes is challenging. Few methods exist to study how mCNV genetic diversity is apportioned within and between populations (i.e. to define the population genetic structure of mCNV). These inferences are critical in populations with a small effective size, such as Amerindians, that may not fit the Hardy-Weinberg model due to inbreeding, assortative mating, population subdivision, natural selection or a combination of these evolutionary factors. We propose a likelihood-based method that simultaneously infers mCNV allele frequencies and the population structure parameter f, which quantifies the departure of homozygosity from the Hardy-Weinberg expectation. This method is implemented in the freely available software CNVice, which also infers individual genotypes using information from both the population and from trios, if available. We studied the population genetics of five immune-related mCNV loci associated with complex diseases (beta-defensins, CCL3L1/CCL4L1, FCGR3A, FCGR3B and FCGR2C) in 12 traditional Native American populations and found that the population structure parameters inferred for these mCNVs are comparable to but lower than those for single nucleotide polymorphisms studied in the same populations.

MYC gene family in cereals: Transformations during evolution of hexaploid bread wheat and its relatives

The transcription factors of the MYC gene family are an integral part of the MYB + MYC + WD40 regulatory complex required to activate the genes of plant flavonoid biosynthesis. The TaMyc1 gene, which controls the synthesis of flavonoid pigments in the grain pericarp, is known in bread wheat (Triticum aestivum L., BBAADD genome, 2n = 6x = 42). In the present work, we identified 10 copies of this gene in the T. aestivum genome, 22 copies in the nearest bread wheat relatives (T. durum, T. urartu, T. monococcum, Aegilops speltoides, Ae. sharonensis, Ae. tauschii). The analysis of genetic similarity of all these genes demonstrated that the MYC gene duplication occurred for the first time in the common diploid ancestor of the Triticeae tribe with the formation of copies in the second and fourth chromosomes. In the members of the Triticum and Aegilops genera, these genes underwent from two to four duplication acts that resulted in the formation of paralogous copies. The orthologs of the MYC genes obtained from ancestral diploid species exist in polyploid species of the Triticum genus (in addition to paralogues). The time of the emergence of individual MYC family members was calculated based on the average speed of accumulation of nucleotide substitutions (k) in the MYC genes (established in this work) and certain number of synonymous substitutions between individual copies.

Hsp70 Genes of the Megaphragma amalphitanum (Hymenoptera: Trichogrammatidae) Parasitic Wasp

Miniaturization is an evolutionary process that is widely represented in both invertebrates and vertebrates. Miniaturization frequently affects not only the size of the organism and its constituent cells, but also changes the genome structure and functioning. The structure of the main heat shock genes (hsp70 and hsp83) was studied in one of the smallest insects, the Megaphragma amalphitanum (Hymenoptera: Trichogrammatidae) parasitic wasp, which is comparable in size with unicellular organisms. An analysis of the sequenced genome has detected six genes that relate to the hsp70 family, some of which are apparently induced upon heat shock. Both induced and constitutively expressed hsp70 genes contain a large number of introns, which is not typical for the genes of this family. Moreover, none of the found genes form clusters, and they are all very heterogeneous (individual copies are only 75-85% identical), which indicates the absence of gene conversion, which provides the identity of genes of this family in Drosophila and other organisms. Two hsp83 genes, one of which contains an intron, have also been found in the M. amalphitanum genome.

Samodziałowa broń palna w materiale Laboratorium Kryminalistycznego KWP w Krakowie i Zakładu Medycyny Sądowej UJ CM w Krakowie – próba systematyki

Despite a very large variety of improvised firearms, repeatability of certain actions of the manufacturers can be observed, reflecting the purpose to which such weapons are produced (e.g. poaching), and the availability of appropriate technologies. The aim of this article is to make an attempt to systematize improvised firearms on the basis of the expert opinions elaborated at the Weapon Research and Ballistics Department of the Voivodeship Police Headquarters in Kraków (LK KWP) as well as studies carried out on weapons belonging to the collection of the Department of Forensic Medicine (ZMS) in Kraków. Research material included both primitive devices made by using simple methods and without concern for accuracy or aesthetics, as well as fine-tuned pieces with individual design solutions or copies of factory-made weapons. Improvised firearms can generally be divided into conversions and own designs. The conversion most frequently applies to alarm, gas or pneumatic weapons. It consists in removing factory safety mechanisms or, in the case of pneumatic weapons, in introducing technical modifications, which enable to blast off the cartridge and discharge the projectile by means of gas pressure arising during combustion of the propellant. Own designs may contain certain factory elements, most frequently the barrel, however, in most cases, they are manufactured from scratch. Improvised firearms, even those without the original elements, typically use ammunition with projectiles or, in some cases, the so called blank ammunition converted into live ammunition by adding projectiles.

Rapid Solution of the Cryo-EM Reconstruction Problem by Frequency Marching

Determining the three-dimensional (3D) structure of proteins and protein complexes at atomic resolution is a fundamental task in structural biology. Over the last decade, remarkable progress has been made using “single particle” cryo-electron microscopy (cryo-EM) for this purpose. In cryo-EM, hundreds of thousands of two-dimensional (2D) images are obtained of individual copies of the same particle, each held in a thin sheet of ice at some unknown orientation. Each image corresponds to the noisy projection of the particle's electron-scattering density. The reconstruction of a high-resolution image from this data is typically formulated as a nonlinear, nonconvex optimization problem for unknowns which encode the angular pose and lateral offset of each particle. Since there are hundreds of thousands of such parameters, this leads to a very CPU-intensive task---limiting both the number of particle images which can be processed and the number of independent reconstructions which can be carried out for the pur...

Foreword

Foreword Gary Kline, Editor In order to provide an international structure for the humane and scientific study of peoples, problems, and issues in the world's developing countries, with the ultimate goal of improving quality of life, the late Dr. Harold Isaacs, Professor Emeritus of History at Georgia Southwestern State University in Americus, GA, founded the Association of Third World Studies (ATWS), Inc., in 1983. The association now has a global membership and chapters in South Asia and Africa. In the summer of 2016, following a vote of the members of the association, ATWS was renamed the Association of Global South Studies (AGSS). As ATWS, the association began its history as an institution in 1991 when, under the newly ratified ATWS Constitution, elected officials assumed responsibility for the management of the organization. Since 1992 the Executive Headquarters have been located at Georgia Southern University (1992–2003), Mississippi State University (2003–2006), and Louisiana State University-Shreveport (2006–). Due to the dedicated and energetic leadership of Zia H. Hashmi and Paul Rodell at Georgia Southern, Shu-hui Wu at Mississippi State and, presently, William Pederson at LSUS, AGSS has made great progress as a global, professional organization. In 1995, the United Nations recognized the success of AGSS by granting it UN "consultative status," thus enabling the association to increase its direct impact on world development. AGSS has an established website on the internet: http://apps.gsw.edu/atws/. This site will soon be revamped totally. Membership in AGSS is open to any person interested in studying the developing countries. Yearly membership dues are $60.00, which includes an annual subscription to JGSS. The yearly subscription rate is $60.00, and single copies are $30.00. Discounts are available for students and those living in the developing countries. Membership forms may be obtained by writing to the Association of Global South Studies, Inc., P.O. Box 1893, Starkville, MS [End Page vii] 39760. Individuals interested in submitting articles to be considered, or refereed, for publication by the JGSS Board of Editors, should write to the Editor, Dr. Gary Kline, at the above address. Alternatively, manuscripts may be sent to the editor via email: gary.kline@gsw.edu. Subscription information, as well as information on ordering individual copies of the journal, can be found on our journal website: http://journals.upress.ufl.edu/jgss. Articles appearing in this journal are abstracted and indexed in International Bibliography of Periodical Literature; International Bibliography of Book Reviews; International Bibliography of the Social Sciences; International Political Science Abstracts; Political Science Abstracts; Sociological Abstracts; Linguistics and Language Behavior Abstracts; Historical Abstracts and America: History and Life; Periodica Islamica; A Matter of Fact; Media Review; Consumers Index; Social Sciences Index; University Microfilms, Inc., PAIS Indexes; and CAB International (CABI). On behalf of all AGSS members and JGSS subscribers worldwide, the editor would like to express his gratitude to the associate editors of the journal. Without the dedication and superlative scholarship, skills, and abilities of Yi Sun (Asia), Peter Dumbuya (Africa), Michael Hall (Book Reviews), Jacek Lubecki (Middle East), Ryan Alexander (Latin America), and Jason Strakes (Eurasia) JGSS would not enjoy its present scope and quality. Longtime association member and leader, friend and colleague Paul Rodell deserves special mention, too, for helping to solicit and prepare a couple of the papers that appear in this issue. Sincere appreciation and thanks are also extended to Sara Abernathy, our very skilled editorial assistant. She has contributed very significantly to improving the quality of our journal. Last but not least, Lauren Phillips, Journals Manager for University Press of Florida, deserves enthusiastic thanks and praise for her excellent production work and assistance. [End Page viii] Gary Kline, Editor Department of History and Political Science Georgia Southwestern State University Americus, Georgia 31709 Copyright © 2017 Association of Global South Studies, Inc.

Binding of translation elongation factors to individual copies of the archaeal ribosomal stalk protein aP1 assembled onto aP0

Ribosomes in all organisms contain oligomeric and flexible proteins called stalks, which are responsible for the recruitment of translational GTPase factors to the ribosome. Archaeal ribosomes have three stalk homodimers (aP1)2 that constitute a heptameric complex with the anchor protein aP0. We investigated the factor binding ability of aP1 proteins assembled onto aP0, by gel-retardation assays. The isolated aP0(aP1)2(aP1)2(aP1)2 complex, as well as the form bound to the Escherichia coli 50S core, as a hybrid 50S particle, interacted strongly with elongation factor aEF2, but weakly with aEF1A. These interactions were disrupted by a point mutation, F107S, at the C-terminus of aP1. To examine the ability of each copy of aP0-associated aP1 to bind to elongation factors, we constructed aP0·aP1 variant trimers, composed of an aP0 mutant and a single (aP1)2 dimer. Biochemical and quantitative analyses revealed that the resultant three trimers, aP0(aP1)2I, aP0(aP1)2II, and aP0(aP1)2III, individually bound two molecules of aEF2, suggesting that each copy of the aP1 C-terminal region in the aP0·aP1 trimers can bind tightly to aEF2. Interestingly, the unstable binding of aEF1A to each of the three aP0·aP1 trimers was remarkably stabilized in the presence of aEF2. The stability of the aEF1A binding to the stalk complex may be affected by the presence of aEF2 bound to the complex, by an unknown mechanism.

Un médecin protestant du dix-septième siècle et ses livres: Anatomie de la collection Élie Bouhéreau à la Bibliothèque Marsh de Dublin

Élie Bouhéreau (1643–1719) was a French Protestant physician from La Rochelle who studied at the Protestant académie of Saumur and fled from France at the Revocation of the Edict of Nantes. By 1683, his collection numbered some 1700 volumes. Since 1707, it has been kept in Marsh's Library. This article is based on archival material, including Bouhéreau's correspondence, and on the detailed examination of annotations found in individual copies of the books in the collection. The article throws light on the ways in which Bouhéreau acquired these books and examines why he bought them and how he read them. The collection is a rare example of a fully preserved private library that belonged to a prominent member of a learned provincial circle, made up of former students from the académie of Saumur.