Individual Characteristics Research Articles

From boundaryless to boundary-crossing: Toward a friction-based model of career transitions and job performance

The portability of performance for individuals during a career transition is not straightforward. Differences between jobs can create a drag on performance; alternatively, the differences can be an input to creativity and innovation. In this paper, we develop a model of career transitions that centers around the concept of career frictions, which we define as the disrupting differences felt by individuals between a new role and career attributes accumulated through their prior work experience (i.e., knowledge, social relationships, and imprints and identity). We argue that experienced individuals bring their accumulated career attributes into new jobs, and that the relationship between these attributes and their post-transition routine and creative job performance is mediated by career frictions. Furthermore, we theorize that the way in which movers experience career transitions is moderated by cognitive fixedness, which influences how much friction an individual feels, and by socialization practices, which can smooth or leverage friction in order to determine an individual’s post-move routine and creative job performance. Our friction-based theory of career transitions holds that individual characteristics like cognitive fixedness and also contextual conditions like socialization practices affect the portability of performance, or the prospect of generating creative performance.

Correlates of Transitioning from In-Person to Telemedicine Outpatient Neurology Clinic Visits.

Introduction: The COVID-19 pandemic accelerated telemedicine adoption, impacting appointment no-show rates. This study examines neurology appointment preferences among individuals with previous no-shows. Methods: We analyzed transitions between in-person and telemedicine modalities at the Tulane Center for Clinical Neurosciences from August 2020 to February 2021 by race, sex, and insurance type. Logistic regression was used to assess which individual characteristics were associated with switching modalities. Results: A total of 118 patients were included. Transitions to telemedicine visits were significantly higher for female (odds ratio [OR] = 1.868, p = 0.051), Medicaid (OR = 0.433, p = 0.035), and Medicare (OR = 0.228, p = 0.001) beneficiaries compared with males and those with private coverage. Telemedicine to in-person transitions were significantly higher for Medicaid compared with private coverage (OR = 8.133, p = 0.018). Discussion: Females are more likely to switch to telemedicine following an in-person no-show, whereas Medicare beneficiaries are less likely. Medicaid beneficiaries are more likely to revert to in-person appointments. Telemedicine may enhance equitable neurological care, particularly because of its high utilization among females.

Exposure to residential green space and semen quality among Chinese men

BackgroundResidential greenness has been linked to various health benefits, but evidence on its association with sperm quality remains limited. MethodsWe enrolled 28,089 adult men from an infertility clinic in Hubei, China, from 2014 to 2020. Residential greenness was estimated using the Normalized Vegetation Index (NDVI) from satellite imagery, averaged within buffers of 250 m, 500 m and 1000 m around each participant’s residential address. We employed multivariate linear regression analysis to evaluate the association between NDVI exposure and semen quality, while controlling for individual characteristics and semen collection season. Additionally, we performed subgroup analyses to investigate potential variations in the association based on individual characteristics. ResultsAn interquartile range increase of 0.243 in NDVI within the 1000 m buffer was associated with increases of 1.68 % (95 % CI: 0.31 %, 3.06 %) in sperm concentration, 0.43 % (95 % CI: 0.08 %, 0.79 %) in progressive motility, and 0.50 % (95 % CI: 0.14 %, 0.87 %) in total motility. These associations were consistent across different buffer sizes. The associations were more pronounced during the 70–90 lag days prior to semen collection (spermatogenesis stage) and among men aged ≥ 40 years or those with lower education levels. ConclusionsOur study demonstrated that exposure to residential greenness may act as an innovative protective factor for semen quality.

Інноваційні методологічні підходи до оцінки психофізичних здібностей гандболістів на етапі попередньої базової підготовки

The article deals with the psychophysical abilities of young handball players at the stage of preliminary basic training. Particular attention is paid to the analysis of the level of formation of such abilities as reaction speed, coordination of movements, concentration of attention and the ability to make decisions in stressful situations. The scientific relevance of the study is due to the need to improve training methods aimed at increasing the effectiveness of athletes' preparation for competitions. The purpose of the study is to analyze and evaluate the psychophysical abilities of young handball players, which will help to determine the effectiveness of the applied training methods and contribute to the development of new approaches to the training of athletes. Material and methods of research. Handball players at the stage of preliminary basic training (103 people) at the age of 15-16 years old, involved in the championship of Ukraine among boys, took part in the pedagogical experiment. To implement the goals and objectives of the study used a set of methods: theoretical analysis, synthesis and generalization; pedagogical observation; pedagogical testing; mathematical and statistical data processing. Research Results. It was found that the psychophysical abilities of young handball players who are at the stage of preliminary basic training correspond to a satisfactory level. However, in order to achieve high results in the future it is necessary to improve training programs taking into account the individual characteristics of each athlete. Analysis of the test results showed that the majority of handball players, both from the experimental and control groups, demonstrate similar results on the complex index of psychophysical abilities, which allowed us to conclude that there were no significant differences in the levels of development of psychophysical abilities between the groups at the beginning of the study. It was revealed that the average characteristics of different psychophysical tests in the majority of athletes correspond to a satisfactory level. For example, the speed of reaction to visual stimuli, reaction speed in game conditions, as well as the results of specialized handball tests showed that the level of formation of these abilities is sufficient for participation in competitions, but requires improvement to achieve high results. It is important to note that the highest average values of complex indicators of psychophysical abilities were observed in point guard players, which corresponds to the average level of formation. Line players also showed the results corresponding to the average level, while half-middle and edge players showed slightly lower values corresponding to the satisfactory level. Conclusions. The conducted study showed that at the stage of preliminary basic training most young handball players have a satisfactory level of development of psychophysical abilities, which indicates that there is a potential to improve their sports training by improving training methods. Given that different players demonstrate different levels of development of psychophysical abilities, especially among midfield and edge players, it is necessary to develop and implement individual training programs, which will optimize the training of each player in accordance with his individual characteristics and increase the overall effectiveness of the team.

The Relationship between Board Characteristics and Corporate Credit Ratings—Evidence Based on the Chinese Market

Credit ratings serve as a critical mechanism for investors to assess corporate credit risk and mitigate investment risk, while a well-managed board is central to addressing principal-agent problems and thereby effectively reducing a firm's default risk. However, research on the impact of board characteristics on credit ratings rarely focuses on individual characteristics. This study focuses on board composition, board member quality, board motivation, and board governance to provide a more comprehensive description of the impact of board characteristics on corporate credit ratings. Using data on Chinese A-share listed companies from 2010 to 2020, the findings are as follows.(1)Board composition, quality, motivation and leadership have a significant impact on corporate credit ratings. (2)Board characteristics affect corporate credit ratings by influencing internal control, surplus management, and accounting disclosure quality. (3)Under the socialist economy with Chinese characteristics, the influence of board characteristics on corporate credit ratings is significantly higher in regions with higher levels of marketization. Overall, our findings provide new insights into the effect of board characteristics on credit ratings.

Optimal duration of whole-body cryostimulation exposure to achieve target skin temperature: influence of body mass index—a randomized cross-over controlled trial

BackgroundThe efficacy of whole-body cryostimulation (WBC) may be influenced by individual characteristics. The aim of this study is to determine the optimal exposure time required to reach the analgesic threshold of 13.6 °C, which has been proposed to be a target temperature to be reached at skin level. Our objective is also to follow the skin temperature changes during and after WBC considering the participants body mass index (BMI).MethodsThirty healthy men were assigned into 2 groups based on their BMI [normal weight (n = 15; BMI = 21.53 ± 1.63 kg·m−2) and overweight (n = 15; BMI = 27.98 ± 1.16 kg·m−2)]. In a random order, each participant experienced a 4-min WBC exposure, as well as a control session with no cold exposure. Skin temperature was measured using a thermal imaging camera during and after cold exposure.ResultsNormal weight participants reached the threshold in 4 min, whereas overweight participants reached it in 3 min 30 s. Following WBC, a rapid mean skin temperature (MsT°) increase was observed for both groups, immediately after exposure. However, after 30 min, MsT° remained significantly lower than at baseline.ConclusionOur findings suggest that appropriate WBC dosage may differ according to BMI. Understanding the impact of such variable on cold exposure outcomes can help to optimize WBC treatments and maximize potential benefits.

How are different traditional Chinese medicine modalities deployed by clinical practitioners in China? Findings from a national survey

ObjectiveTraditional Chinese medicine (TCM) incorporates traditional diagnostic methods and several major treatment modalities including Chinese herbal medicine, Chinese patent medicine, and non-pharmacological methods such as acupuncture and tuina. Even though TCM is used daily by more than 70,000 healthcare facilities and over 700,000 clinical practitioners in China, there is a poor understanding of the extent to which TCM diagnostic methods are used, how different treatment modalities are deployed in general, and what major factors may affect the integration of TCM and Western medicine. This study aimed to fill this void in the literature. MethodsIn the 2021 National Healthcare Improvement Evaluation Survey, we included three questions gauging the perception and practices of TCM amongst physicians working in TCM-related facilities, investigating the frequency of their deployment of TCM diagnostic methods, and predominant TCM treatment methods. Our empirical analysis included descriptive statistics, intergroup chi-square analysis, and binary logistic regression to examine the association between different types of facilities and individual characteristics and TCM utilization patterns. ResultsA total of 7618 clinical physicians comprised our study sample. Among them, 84.27% have integrated TCM and Western medicine in their clinical practice, and 80.77% of TCM practitioners used the 4 diagnostic methods as a tool in their clinical practice. Chinese herbal medicine was the most widely utilized modality by Chinese TCM physicians (used by 88.49% of respondents), compared with the Chinese patent medicine and non-pharmacological TCM methods, which were used by 73.14%, and 69.39%, respectively. Herbal tea as an out-of-pocket health-maintenance intervention is also a notable practice, recommended by 29.43% of physicians. Significant variations exist across certain institutions, departments, and individual practitioners. ConclusionGiven that most of the surveyed physicians integrated TCM with Western medicine in their clinical practices, the practice of “pure TCM” appears to be obsolete in China’s tertiary healthcare institutions. Notably, remarkable variation exists in the use of different TCM modalities across institutions and among individuals, which might be related to and thus limited by the practitioners’ experience. Future research focusing on the efficacy and safety of TCM interventions for specific diseases, the development of standardized clinical guidelines, and the enhancement of TCM education and training are called for to optimize TCM-Western medicine integration.

The structural organization of individual resources of the teacher's coping behavior

Introduction. All educators encounter stressful situations and experience negative emotions during their work, which necessitates the use of coping strategies to maintain personal well-being and uphold a high level of teaching quality. The contemporary state of the issue regarding the phenomenology of psychological resources for coping with stress is characterized by the dominance of an analytical research paradigm. This paradigm primarily focuses on individual, personal, and subject-activity characteristics as resources for coping with stress. The aim of this research is to determine the psychological structure of the coping behavior resources of educators. **Methods.** To conduct a comparative analysis of theoretical approaches to defining the resources of coping behavior, we employed conceptual content analysis, which allowed us to determine the frequency of mention of each resource for coping behavior. Subsequently, in accordance with the theoretical model, we selected diagnostic methods for these resources (26 psychodiagnostic techniques). The empirical study was conducted in educational institutions in the Kaluga region, Krasnodar Territory, Ulyanovsk, and Yaroslavl regions (Russian Federation). The study sample consisted of 901 individuals. Using exploratory factor analysis (principal component method, Varimax rotation), we identified the psychological structure of coping behavior resources. **Results.** In alignment with the theoretical model, we selected diagnostic methods for these resources, which allowed us to study both the resources themselves (their integral final values) and the components that make up these resources. The structure of coping behavior resources is formed by 114 variables, which were subsequently factor analyzed. The results of the factor analysis revealed that the psychological structure of coping behavior resources is represented by individual-psychological qualities, forming five blocks (existential, regulatory, emotional, socio-psychological, readiness for activity in uncertain situations). Factor 1 "Existential" (factor load - 24.1), Factor 2 "Readiness for Activity in Uncertain Situations" (14.9), Factor 3 "Regulatory" (13.1), Factor 4 "Socio-Psychological" (9.4), Factor 5 "Emotional" (7.5). **Conclusion.** There is a specific list of coping behavior resources that relevantly characterizes the specifics of a person's coping behavior in stressful situations. Psychological resources for coping behavior do not represent isolated psychological properties and states; instead, they form a holistic unity.

Independent effects of long and short-term exposures to non-optimal increased temperature on mortality

Although the short-term heat effects are well-established, longer-term effects, beyond those, have recently received attention, in the context of climate change. Our study aims to investigate the potential effects of long-term exposure to non-optimal warm period temperatures on all-cause mortality in four large regions in the UK, Norway, Italy, and Greece. Daily all-cause mortality counts from 1996 to 2018 for four European NUTS2 regions including 52-662 small areas were collected and associated with spatiotemporal temperature estimates. A NUTS2 region–specific mixed quasi-Poisson over-dispersed model, with a random intercept per small area within NUTS2 regions, was applied to investigate the association between long-term temperature exposure and mortality during the warm period (May to September), adjusting for short-term temperature, seasonality, long-term trends, and small-area population characteristics. As long-term temperature exposure indices per small area, we considered: 1) the warm period annual average temperature, 2) the annual standard deviation (SD) of warm period temperature, and 3) the coefficient of variation of warm period temperature (CV). We found consistent results following short-term temperature exposure on mortality, with higher effects in southern areas. Results on the shape of the long-term association between average temperature and mortality differed by country, while the different temperature metrics produced inconsistent findings. Increased mortality was associated with increased annual warm season temperature, lower SD and increased CV in Greece, with higher SD and decreased CV in Italy and with decreased annual temperature and CV in Norway. Effects in the UK did not reach the nominal level of statistical significance. Although our study implies an impact on mortality resulting from longer-term temperature exposure, its direction varied across areas and on the temperature metric used. Further research is warranted, applying non-ecological study designs and covering various geographical areas to capture the impact of individual and area-specific characteristics.

Achieving an appropriate polarization-breakdown synergy of multilayer films for dielectric energy storage through temperature gradient annealing

Large polarization and high breakdown strength are the key to achieving an idea energy storage density in dielectric capacitors, but unfortunately the trade-off problem between them is difficult to evade, particularly for those dielectrics with different crystalline degrees. Herein, we propose an appropriate polarization-breakdown synergistic strategy of dielectric multilayer films through temperature gradient annealing. The dielectric properties of a serials of (Pb, La)(Zr, Ti)O3/SrTiO3/(Pb, La)(Zr, Ti)O3 (PLZT/STO/PLZT) structures with different annealing temperature for each layer are compared. The optimum recoverable energy density of 57.9 J/cm3 is achieved at a high breakdown electric field of 5.78 MV/cm and a moderate maximum polarization of 22.5 μC/cm2. In addition to the role of suppressing the carriers transport of interlayer STO, the balance between polarization and breakdown strength in bottom and top PLZT layers with individual dielectric characteristics should be responsible for the enhanced energy storage performance (ESP). The results suggest that it is a feasible way to optimize the ESP of dielectric multilayer films through designing different stacking layer via temperature gradient annealing heat treatment.

Efficacy and tolerability of extracorporeal shock wave therapy in patients with plantar fasciopathy: a systematic review with meta-analysis and meta-regression.

Plantar fasciopathy (PF) is a common musculoskeletal condition characterized by heel pain and functional impairment. Extracorporeal shock wave therapy (ESWT) has gained increasing interest in the treatment of PF, but the optimal ESWT program is still debated. Therefore, this systematic review with meta-analysis and meta-regression aimed at providing a comprehensive assessment of the efficacy and tolerability of ESWT in PF management. Randomized controlled trials (RCTs) published until February 2023 were systematically searched on PubMed/MEDLINE, Scopus, Web of Science, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL), and PEDro. Studies assessing adult patients with PF treated with ESWT were considered. The primary outcome was the tolerability of ESWT, measured by treatment adherence, dropouts, and safety. Secondary outcomes were pain intensity and functional outcomes. Meta-analysis and meta-regression were performed to examine the relationship between ESWT program characteristics and treatment outcomes. The quality of included studies was assessed using the Jadad scale and the Cochrane risk-of-bias tool. Eleven studies met the inclusion criteria and were included in the analysis. Our findings showed that ESWT is effective in reducing pain intensity assessed by Visual Analogue Scale [focal-ESWT: -2.818 (SE 0.803, -4.393, -1.244; P< 0.0001; radial-ESWT: -3.038 (SE 0.428, -3.878, -2.199; P<0.001)]. Meta-regression analysis indicated a positive relationship between specific ESWT parameters (frequency, number of pulses, energy flux density and frequency, and number of pulses, pressure) and pain intensity (all P<0.05) and dropout (all P<0.05). ESWT seems to be an effective and tolerable treatment for PF, albeit the peculiarity of parameters might affect both the efficacy in pain relief and the adherence to the treatment. Physicians should consider individual patient characteristics when selecting the ESWT parameters for PF treatment. Further high-quality studies are warranted to establish the optimal ESWT protocol to treat PF.

056. Impacted CBD Stones in Ampula Vater Evacuated by Transduodenal Approach in A 48-year-old Patient at Prof. Dr. IGNG Ngoerah Hospital in 2024

Background: Cholecystolithiasis and choledocholithiasis are common biliary disorders that can lead to significant complications if left untreated. Among these complications, the formation of impacted CBD stones, particularly at the Ampulla of Vater, poses a unique clinical challenge. The Ampulla of Vater is the anatomical site where the common bile duct (CBD) and pancreatic duct converge, and its obstruction can lead to biliary colic, cholangitis, or pancreatitis. Urgent stone removal is critical for improving the patient’s condition. Case: A 48-year-old male patient presents to the emergency department with right upper abdominal pain since 10 days ago accompanied with icteric sclera since 10 days ago. There was nausea and vomiting when eating high-fat foods. The stools were brownish in color, the urine color was similar to tea color. The patient regularly takes UDCA 3 x 250 mg IO, simvastatin 1 x 20mg IO, curcuma 3 x1 tab IO, lansoprazole 2 x 30mg IO. Physical examination showed icteric eyes, jaundice, liver enlargement 2 fingers below costae arch with positive Murphy's sign. Complete blood examination showed leukocytosis, decreased hemoglobin, hypokalemia, as well as increased direct bilirubin, total bilirubin, and indirect bilirubin. BOF result showed sentinel loop on the right umbilical region suspected inflammatory process. MRI impression of choledocholithiasis causing dilatation of EHBD and IHBD proximal aspect without signs of cholangitis, hepatomegaly, simple cyst of left kidney (Bosniak I). Abdominal ultrasound with the conclusion of cholecystitis with dilatation and thickening of the ductus cysticus wall suspicious of inflammation, dilatation of the right and left IHBD, common hepatic duct, to the proximal common biliary duct, the presence of distal obstruction cannot be evaluated because it is covered by intestinal shadows, mild prostatic hypertrophy accompanied by prostate calcification. After Cholecystectomy and Explore CBD transduodenal, the patient was placed with thoracic drain with good outcome. Conclusion: The transduodenal approach to evacuating impacted CBD stones at the Ampulla of Vater is a valuable technique that can yield excellent outcomes in select cases. This case report underscores the importance of a tailored approach based on individual patient anatomy and stone characteristics.

Return to Play After Shoulder Stabilization –What If This Isn't Going Well?

Traumatic shoulder instability is prevalent among athletes, often leading to surgical intervention and challenging rehabilitation outcomes. This chapter explores the complexities surrounding return to play (RTP) following shoulder stabilization procedures, highlighting the significant variance in RTP rates and the common lag in returning to pre-injury performance levels, particularly in throwing athletes. Factors influencing successful outcomes include the nature of the instability, surgical approach, and individual athlete characteristics. A consensus on RTP criteria remains elusive, with a predominant reliance on time-based recovery, yet evidence suggests that other physical and psychological variables must be considered. Emphasizing a shared decision-making process and ongoing assessment of range of motion, strength, and proprioception, this chapter aims to identify key deficits and interventions that can enhance rehabilitation success for athletes struggling to return to play. Effective communication among the sports medicine team and the athlete is essential to optimize adherence to rehabilitation protocols and improve overall outcomes.

Predictors of self-care in kidney transplant patients according to preoperative dialysis: A comparative study

BackgroundPreemptive kidney transplantation (PKT) is associated with reduced dialysis-related morbidity and improved graft survival, which has led to an increase in the prevalence of PKT. The distinct clinical pathways of PKT and non-preemptive kidney transplantation (NPKT) patients may affect their ability to perform self-care, a key factor in post-transplant recovery. However, there is ongoing controversy regarding which group demonstrates better self-care abilities, highlighting the need to explore the factors influencing self-care in each group. ObjectivesThis study aims to identify and compare predictors of self-care in PKT and NPKT groups. MethodsWe collected data from 209 KT recipients, consisting of 101 PKT and 108 NPKT patients, using self-administered questionnaires. These questionnaires assessed general and disease-specific characteristics, stress, social support, and self-care behaviors. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, t-tests, ANOVA, and multiple regression analysis. ResultsThe study identified significant predictors of self-care among both PKT and NPKT patients. For PKT patients, marital status (β =.19, p=.033) and family support (β =.28, p=.006) are key predictors of self-care, with those having spousal support and strong family networks reporting better self-care levels. Conversely, in NPKT patients, significant predictors of self-care included marital status (β =.31, p=.001), employment status (β =.29, p=.007), post-transplantation duration (less than 36 month) (β =.-.22, p=.015), post-transplantation duration (36-72 month) (β =.-.33, p=.001), and stress levels (β =-.20, p=.028). ConclusionsThe study provides valuable insights into the predictors of self-care based on preoperative dialysis status, illustrating distinct predictors between the growing population of PKT and NPKT patients. These findings emphasize the need for personalized nursing strategies to enhance post-transplant self-care, tailored to individual patient characteristics.

The interplay of organizational factors, incentive systems, and employee performance

This systematic review aims to explore the relationships between organizational factors, incentive systems, and employee performance in modern workplaces, addressing the need for a comprehensive understanding of these interconnected elements. A rigorous three-stage methodology was employed, including a comprehensive database search of international databases such as Google Scholar and Scopus, screening based on predefined inclusion/exclusion criteria, and quality assessment using the Mixed-methods Appraisal Tool. This was followed by qualitative synthesis and framework analysis to identify patterns and trends across the selected literature. The review reveals that well-designed incentive systems can significantly enhance the impact of positive organizational factors on employee performance, while emphasizing the importance of considering both intrinsic and extrinsic motivational factors. Several moderating variables, including organizational culture, leadership styles, and individual employee characteristics, were identified as influencing incentive system effectiveness. The study also highlights the need for organizations to adapt their incentive strategies to evolving work paradigms, such as remote work and the gig economy. These findings provide valuable insights for managers and policymakers seeking to optimize their organizations' performance management strategies, emphasizing the importance of aligning incentive structures with organizational goals and employee needs. The review suggests that a holistic approach, considering multiple interconnected factors, is crucial for sustaining organizational performance and employee productivity. Future research directions include cross-cultural studies and longitudinal approaches to further understand the dynamic interplay between incentives, organizational factors, and employee productivity in changing work environments.

Identification of Cellular Senescence-Related Critical Genes and Molecular Classification and Revealing the Drug-Resistant Therapeutic Effect of IGFBP2 in Chronic Myeloid Leukemia.

The occurrence and development of hematologic tumors are closely linked to cellular senescence. However, the molecular characteristics associated with this phenomenon in chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) have not been thoroughly investigated. The cellular senescence score was calculated using gene set variation analysis. Consensus clustering algorithm was used to identify the molecular subtypes associated with cellular senescence. Clinical samples were collected for sequencing analysis to verify the expression of critical cellular senescence-related genes (CSRG). The effect of targeted inhibition of IGFBP2 on the malignant phenotype of CML-resistant cells was studied by cell experiments. The cellular senescence score in CML samples was significantly lower compared to normal samples. Higher expression of immune checkpoint markers correlated with increased cellular senescence scores. We identified two distinct molecular subtypes (C1 and C2) related to cellular senescence. The C1 subtype exhibited enhanced metabolic function and DNA damage repair capacity, while the C2 subtype showed higher infiltration of immune effector cells and activity in immune-related signaling pathways. We also discovered a group of drugs that displayed significant sensitivity differences between these two molecular subtypes, with the C2 subtype showing greater responsiveness to immunotherapy. Four critical cellular senescence-related genes (CSRGs), namely IGFBP2, IL7R, PLAU, and SUN1 demonstrated high diagnostic value for CML. We validated the expression levels of these four genes using clinical samples and confirmed through cell experiments that targeted inhibition of IGFBP2 effectively suppressed proliferation of resistant CML cells, promoted apoptosis, and enhanced therapeutic sensitivity to imatinib. Our study conducted a comprehensive analysis on CSRG expression characteristics in CML and explored potential correlations between cellular senescence and immune function. The identification of molecular subtypes provides valuable insights into assessing individual patients' biological characteristics for guiding clinical treatment decisions. Additionally, IGFBP2has emerged as a promising therapeutic target for therapy-resistant cases of CML.

Pain and development: interacting phenomena

Abstract For decades, clinicians and researchers have observed bidirectional relationships between child development and the pain experience in childhood. Pain in childhood is an inherently developmental phenomenon, embedded in an iterative, time-dependent process that reflects individual biological, behavioral, social, psychological, and environmental characteristics that unfold across the early life span. Childhood pain can have wide ranging effects on brain development in ways that contribute—for better and worse—to social, emotional, and cognitive well-being in childhood and on into adulthood. Atypical trajectories of development in the context of disorders such as autism, cerebral palsy, ADHD, and mood/anxiety disorders also contribute to unique childhood pain experiences. In this paper, pain will be considered as a determinant of development, and conversely development will be considered as a key determinant of a child's pain experience. We will discuss how intersectional identities (eg, gender, race, socioeconomic status) and associated social, structural, systemic, and physical environments influence the relationship between development and pain. Finally, we will identify what might be needed to think “developmentally” in ways that extend from the “bench side” in the lab to the “curb side” in the community, integrating a developmental perspective into research and clinical practice to achieve health accessibility and equity in pain care for all children across the developmental spectrum.

Providing Quality Family Planning Services in the United States: Recommendations of the U.S. Office of Population Affairs (Revised 2024)

This update, titled Providing Quality Family Planning Servicesa in the United States: Recommendations of the U.S. Office of Population Affairs (Revised 2024), provides recommendations developed by the Office of Population Affairs (OPA) within the Office of the Assistant Secretary for Health at the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services (HHS). These recommendations represent an update to Providing Quality Family Planning (QFP) Services: Recommendations of the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) and the U.S. Office of Population Affairs (OPA), originally published in 2014. The updated recommendations outline how to provide quality sexual and reproductive health (SRH) services for people of reproductive age but can also be used to guide the care of people of any age when the content is relevant to their needs, including family-building services, contraception, pregnancy testing and counseling, early pregnancy management, sexually transmitted infections (STIs) and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) prevention and testing services, and other preventive health services. The recommendations aim to enable health care providers with the knowledge, skills, and attitudes to ensure that all people, regardless of individual characteristics such as sex, sexual orientation and gender identity, age, disability, or race, can have their SRH needs met. The primary audience for these recommendations is providers and potential providers of SRH services to people of reproductive age, such as providers working in clinical settings dedicated to SRH service delivery, including those funded by the Title X family planning programb as well as primary care providers and other subspecialty providers who may identify SRH needs and make referrals. During the past decade, several changes have taken place in the United States that have affected SRH care delivery, including technological advances, recognition of long-standing inequities, and other legal and regulatory changes. This broader context has been considered in designing the updated recommendations. This update of the QFP aims to provide guidance on the provision of person-centered SRH care focused on individuals' needs, values, and preferences. The update offers specific recommendations for how to provide high-quality SRH care and connects users to relevant guidelines, primary research, and other resources to inform best practices. In addition to incorporating new evidence, this update incorporates newer approaches to care, including adopting a health equity lens that recognizes the impact of structural and interpersonal racism, classism, ableism, and bias based on sexual orientation and/or gender identity on health and the provision of quality SRH care. OPA will update these QFP recommendations periodically to reflect new findings in the scientific literature and revisions to the clinical guidelines referenced in this update.

Identifying momentary suicidal ideation using machine learning in patients at high-risk for suicide.

Strategies to detect the presence of suicidal ideation (SI) or characteristics of ideation that indicate marked suicide risk are critically needed to guide interventions and improve care during care transition periods. Some studies indicate that machine learning can be applied to momentary data to improve classification of SI. This study examined whether the classification accuracy of these models varies as a function of type of training data or characteristics of ideation. A total of 257 psychiatric inpatients completed a 3-week battery of ecological momentary assessment and measures of suicide risk factors. The accuracy of machine learning models in classifying the presence, duration, or intensity of ideation was compared across models trained on baseline and/or momentary suicide risk data. Relative feature importance metrics were examined to identify the risk factors that were most important for outcome classification. Models including both baseline and momentary features outperformed models with only one feature type, providing important information in both correctly classifying and differentiating individual characteristics of SI. Models classifying SI presence, duration, and intensity performed similarly. Results of this study may not generalize beyond a high-risk, psychiatric inpatient sample, and additional work is needed to examine temporal ordering of the relationships identified. Our results support using machine learning approaches for accurate identification of SI characteristics and underscore the importance of understanding the factors that differentiate and drive different characteristics of SI. Expansion of this work can support use of these models to guide intervention strategies.

Perceptions of discriminatory decisions of artificial intelligence: Unpacking the role of individual characteristics

This study investigates how personal differences (digital self-efficacy, technical knowledge, belief in equality, political ideology) and demographic factors (age, education, and income) are associated with perceptions of artificial intelligence (AI) outcomes exhibiting gender and racial bias and with general attitudes toward AI. Analyses of a large-scale experiment dataset (N = 1,206) indicate that digital self-efficacy and technical knowledge are positively associated with attitudes toward AI, while liberal ideologies are negatively associated with outcome trust, higher negative emotion, and greater skepticism. Furthermore, age and income are closely connected to cognitive gaps in understanding discriminatory AI outcomes. These findings highlight the importance of promoting digital literacy skills and enhancing digital self-efficacy to maintain trust in AI and beliefs in AI usefulness and safety. The findings also suggest that the disparities in understanding problematic AI outcomes may be aligned with economic inequalities and generational gaps in society. Overall, this study sheds light on the socio-technological system in which complex interactions occur between social hierarchies, divisions, and machines that reflect and exacerbate the disparities.