Individual Business Research Articles

Hand(l)ing the Reins of Corporate Resources: Evidence from Acquisitions

The allocation of control over resources is a common topic in corporate strategy research. Though firms could keep control at the corporate-level and guarantee their availability to the entire corporation, delegating control to individual business units increases incentives to exploit resources more efficiently. We employ transaction cost theory to understand the trade-offs faced in control allocation decisions and particularly focus on technological resources, specifically patents, as a unique yet evermore important type of resource. Assuming that delegated control to business units is more efficient, we propose that corporations will main central control when such delegated control over technological resources is more likely to result in inter-unit haggling issues or coordination problems. These effects should be stronger for technologically diverse firms as resources have broader applicability and such events are more likely to occur. We find partial support for these postulations in a sample of acquisitions where control over acquired resources needs to be allocated. These findings contribute to the literature on resource allocation, acquisition integration, and R&D structures.

Design and Implementation of Store Management System based on IDEA

This With the continuous development of computer network and information industry, the use of manual data processing has been unable to meet the current needs, and more and more businesses have to change their business model and use computers to manage manpower and materials. The store management system is designed to improve the operation rate of individual businesses, so as to facilitate the store management personnel to manage the purchase and sale of goods. In this paper, the author studies on store the overall management system adopts B/S structure, using IntelliJ IDEA as a development environment of the whole code, front-end using easyUI framework for the preparation of the JSP page, the back-end using SSM framework, using MySQL database for data persistence, through these finished goods management module technology, purchasing and supply management module, order management module, user management module development, and through the function test and analysis, system can stable operation, to achieve the desired effect. The realization of the system can improve the management efficiency of individual businesses on materials, procurement, sales and personnel, making the operation of staff more convenient and avoiding mistakes in the operation process.

STRATEGI PENGEMBANGAN USAHA KECIL DAN MENENGAH BERBASIS EKONOMI KREATIF DI KOTA PARIAMAN

MSMEs are individual businesses or individual business entities that have met the criteria for micro-enterprises. Pariaman has 7,839 MSMEs located in Pariaman, a total of 7,839 for all types of MSMEs, ranging from micro, small to medium. The purpose of this study was to find out how the strategies and inhibiting factors of the Office of Cooperatives and Micro Enterprises in the development of micro, small and medium enterprises based on the creative economy in Pariaman City. This study uses descriptive qualitative data analysis techniques according to the data obtained by researchers in the field. Data obtained in the form of words, pictures, notes, documents and interviews. The analytical method used in this research is SWOT analysis (Strengths, Weaknesses, Opportunities, Threats) by monitoring internal and external factors. The results of the study using SWOT analysis and strategies that can be used by the Pariaman City Micro Business Cooperative Office are as follows: a.) The strategy formed from the internal strengths and weaknesses (Strength-weakness) is to increase the integrated business service center in developing micro-enterprises for consulting business actors in Kota Pariaman, increasing additional budget and human resources for training business actors in Kota Pariaman. b) The strategy formed from the external factors of opportunities and threats (Opportunity-Threat) is to increase the implementation of supervision on business actors and increase understanding of patents and laws for the products of business actors in Kota Pariaman.Keywords: Strategy, Development, SWOT.

ТЕРИТОРІАЛЬНІ ГРОМАДИ ЯК ПРОДУКТИВНА СИЛА РЕГІОНУ

The current stage of restoration of Ukrainian society requires in-depth study and improvement of theories and concepts of economics. Effective deployment of the country's productive forces and balanced development of its regions is an important condition for ensuring sustainable development of the national economy as a whole. A special direction of economic science has already been singled out in Ukraine: 08.00.05 development of productive forces and regional economy. Many recommendations have already been provided in relevant studies, but there are still many opportunities to make this more effective. The purpose of the study is to analyze and develop practical recommendations for the use of local communities as a productive force of the regions to ensure sustainable development of the national economy as a whole. The methodological basis of the study were legislative and regulatory acts, modern scientific and applied research of territorial communities. In order to substantiate proposals for the enrichment of productive forces by such a complex entity as a united territorial community, the article uses dialectical methods, the results of research on various disciplines of the humanities, methods and principles of scientific knowledge. The main hypothesis of the study was the assumption of the possibility of organizing viable territorial communities and using their combined potential to restore the positive dynamics of the economy in the postwar period. Presenting main material. The relationship between the role of economic and social capital in productive activity has changed in favor of social, which led to the definition of enterprise as an organization - a kind of social system, uniting people who jointly pursue a common goal and act on certain principles and rules. Important factors in the socio-economic development of society as a whole include the ability not only of scientists but also of individual businesses to generate and effectively use new knowledge about the nature of complex phenomena. The use of this knowledge provides organizations with an increase in intellectual capital, creates guarantees of high competitiveness. The originality and practical significance of the study is due to the analysis of the structural components of cluster formations, taking into account regional characteristics. Conclusions and prospects for further research. Important factors in the socio-economic development of society as a whole include the ability not only of scientists but also of individual businesses to generate and effectively use new knowledge about the nature of complex phenomena. Analysis and development of practical recommendations for the use of territorial communities as a productive force of the regions create the basis for determining the current reserves for the restoration of society in the postwar period. Under the new economic conditions, the requirements for the coordination of economic efficiency and social justice, professional mobility of the employee are growing.

DIGITAL TECHNOLOGIES AS MODERN INSTRUMENTS OF THE MANAGEMENT SYSTEM IN THE ENTERPRISES OF THE HOSPITALITY INDUSTRY

The intensive pace of digital transformation creates the need to respond quickly to changes in needs, interests, tools, which are preferred by hospitality customers. From the point of view of business efficiency, digitalization is focused on integrating artificial intelligence, software products into the production process and the process of effective management decisions to solve current situations and solve problems based on ready-made decision algorithms based on real performance indicators. By adapting software resources to the work of enterprises and ensuring not only our own economic security, but above all, we form an unprecedented value to the consumer, assessing their needs and personally meeting their requirements, standards and wishes. This approach helps to increase the level of competitiveness of the enterprise in the market, which is extremely important especially for the hospitality industry, where you need a personal approach to each client. Often, hospitality companies carry out several activities, and the management of the entire production process should be organized in a single technological cycle, for the convenience of the client. It is with the help of software products that it becomes possible to combine completely different technological processes of separate divisions or departments of the enterprise into a single system with the ability to differentiate each type of work and evaluate the results of their activities and individual business processes. Modern software products make it possible to ensure the synergistic effect of the work of separate structural units or even branches of companies. The rapid development of software products encourages companies to move to an innovative type of development, trying to be the first to adapt new tools to their own business. By linking all systems into a single mechanism, we have real-time analytical data that allows us to: track the strengths and weaknesses of the business; understand the economics of the whole process of providing services and be able to quickly correct situations; focus on those channels from which users are most converted to real customers. Therefore, it is important to explore the basic tools of digital technologies that can be effectively used in the process of doing business and increase its competitiveness.

Cross-functional Business Processes as a new research object

Recent research in business process management has shown the negative impact of various kinds of barriers on the financial performance of the organization, arising from the inconsistency of the actions of individual business units. Academicians and practitioners develop proposals for creating a cross-functional team of employees within the company to eliminate such barriers. Despite the intensification of scientific research in the field of business process optimization in recent years, the task of improving accounting methods and analyzing the effectiveness of business processes remains relevant. The study used such methods of scientific knowledge as: observation, comparison, analysis, modeling, as well as a systematic approach. Data processing, their systematization and analysis were carried out using the MS Excel program. The scientific novelty of the work lies in the systematization of existing knowledge in management accounting and controlling business processes, the allocation of a new object of research — cross-functional business processes. The theoretical significance of the study is an improvement of the conceptual apparatus and methodology of cross-functional business processes management. Of practical importance are the system of indicators for evaluating the effectiveness of cross-functional business processes, recommendations for the implementation of management accounting and controlling systems for cross-functional business processes, as well as assessing their consistency based on a barrier map.

무인 스터디카페 거래 데이터 분석 및 머신러닝 분류 모델 기반 고객세분화

A study cafe is a new form of learning environment that combines a study room and a cafe. Regarding the COVID-19"s impact, the unmanned platform has become the new normal. The number of unmanned study cafes, launched by individuals, is rapidly increasing due to lower labor costs. Despite strong growth and promising market potential, little research on customer relationship management in unmanned study cafes has been conducted. Unlike franchises, the founder of an individual business must learn customers from the ground up. As a result, the purpose of this research is to provide a framework for individual founders to use in developing CRM strategies for their own unmanned study cafe. To accomplish this, analyze transaction data to better understand customers" untact transaction behavior and usage patterns, and also provide an example of customer segmentation approach using machine learning classification model so founders can plan practical CRM strategies based on the customer groups.

Circular Economy Practices and Environmental Performance for Manufacturing Firm’s? A Systematic Literature Review

This study presents a systematic literature review of environmental issues in the manufacturing industry, provides an overview of circular supply chain management (CSCM) and outlines a brief background of the circular economy practices (CE). The literature review was done using multiple different sources of data collection, such as Science Direct, Scopus, Emerald, Wiley Online Library, Sage and Elsevier. The discussion continues with the conceptualisation of Circular economy practices (CE) and organisational environmental performance (EP). The current study aims to establish the relationship between Circular economy practices (CE) and organisational Environmental Performance (EP), and identify the subsequent impacts of the association. Multitudinous benefits witnessed from (CE) adoption have been identified in the mainstream literature, including reduced resource consumption, reduced environmental emissions, generation of a privileged competitive position for various businesses, and the minimisation of risks. Moreover, the (CE) also intertwines with the internal operations of individual businesses and environmental sustainability initiatives of a company, such as increased energy efficiency, waste recovery, use of renewable energy sources, and input of recycled or sustainable materials in the raw material supply chain. In this regard, businesses are required to adapt their business strategies to implement the (CE) principles to achieve environmental and sustainable goals. A thorough review of past studies and research approaches underlying the existing research frameworks and hypotheses contributed to the conceptual framework development of the current study. This analysis could be a significant reference for other researchers or organisations which conduct quantitative research in terms of selecting a valid and reliable scale as well as fulfilling the requirements of the research context.

PENGENDALIAN KUALITAS PRODUKSI GENTENG MENGGUNAKAN PENERAPAN METODE SIX SIGMA DAN FAILURE MODE AND EFFECT ANALYSIS (FMEA)

Super MD Tile Factory is an individual business that is engaged in the production of tiles in small quantities. One of the products produced is Mantili tile with make to stock and make to order production systems. Defective products in the production process cannot be completely avoided. The company sets a tolerance for defective products in production, which is 4.44%, but in practice the defective products produced can reach 8%. Types of defects such as porous, cracked, broken, cracked tiles, and charred.The work using the six sigma method and Failure Mode and Effect Analysis (FMEA), obtained a DPMO value of 16634 and a sigma value of 3.63. This shows that this value is still far from the world industry level which reaches 6 sigma with a DPMO value of 3.4.Based on the Failure Mode and Effect Analysis (FMEA) method, the calculation of the Risk Priority Number (RPN) value is obtained. Based on the RPN value, the priority causes of errors were obtained, namely, errors when setting the temperature for burning tile 512 RPN, less careful in laying tiles 448 RPN, raw material composition 392 RPN, and errors in taking tiles that were not dry 224 RPN. Suggestions that can be given in an effort to improve the quality of tile products are to add temperature gauge items and check or inspect more frequently during the production process.

CORPORATE SOCIAL RESPONSIBILITY (CSR) IN ACTION: ENGAGING MALAYSIAN SMEs TO INITIATE CSR CIRCLE MODEL

Corporate social responsibility urges businesses and companies to divert their courses of doing business from solely focusing on profit maximization to showing some consideration to others wellbeing as well. Most CSR involvements discussed either at the international level or national level are widely circling around multinational corporations, public listed companies and most of other large corporations. Small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) which are considered as ‘backbone’ of most world economies are often neglected. Overall, SMEs constitute more than 90% of businesses worldwide. In Malaysia more than 95% of the business establishments consist of SMEs that provide jobs for more than 7.3 million workers equivalent to 48.4% of Malaysian total employment. Majority of the SMEs are privately owned, run by their sole owner/entrepreneur or a few individuals who are, most probably, family related. The owners usually have the ultimate power to influence most of the strategic decisions. Therefore, the objectives of this conceptual paper is to discuss and propose the point of origin as to where and how the process of inculcating the CSR culture in Malaysia should actually spark. Thru thorough literature search this study managed to propose CSR Circle Model that shall guide SMEs involvement in CSR. SMEs’ visions and missions portray very much of their owner-managers’ beliefs. If the individual business’s owners strongly and sincerely believe in the concept of CSR, they will inspire their businesses and develop a culture of ‘caring society’ among employees, customers, suppliers and surrounding community. SMEs’ owners-managers can lead the initiation of CSR Circle that will tremendously spread the CR culture nationwide.

OPTIMIZATION OF PRODUCTIVE ZISWAF BY ZISWAF-BASED MINIMARKETS (CASE STUDY OF ALIF POINT MART MINIMARKET IN PADANG CITY)

Abstract: The problem of social inequality today has not yet shown the maximum realization of the constitutional mandate and religious teachings. The description of the above conditions is a motivation for individual businesses to optimize the distribution of Ziswaf productively as implemented by the Alif Point Mart minimarket in Padang City. This new effort has become a study in maximizing the distribution of Ziswaf by Alif Point Mart in Padang City. This type of research is field research; the nature of this research is descriptive-analytic. They are collecting data using observation and interview methods. Then, it will be examined, classified, and analyzed after ordering it in processing the data. Then conclude using a qualitative descriptive research approach. The research results show that Alif Point Mart is a business in the retail and culinary sector whose operations are a combination of a minimarket and coffee business with the main principles in sharia business management. Alif Point Mart is a Ziswaf-based Mini Market, meaning that it is a business that has capital from shareholder funds or investments. The profits are allocated for alms, infaq, productive waqf in the form of business capital for people in need, and when the gains have reached the mandatory zakat, zakat will be issued 2.5%. The distribution of zakat is a program carried out every year to existing zakat institutions.

A Framework on Online Reviews Ranking Based on Set Theory for Mining Using Automated Pipeline

With the rapid rise of e-commerce, a big number of things are being sold online, and a growing number of people are making purchases online. Users can get valuable information from online reviews before purchasing a product or making a purchase. We investigate the peculiarities of their behaviour based on their early reviews. In this study, customer feedback linked with various products is collected from several online shopping websites in order to forecast product ratings based on user feedback utilising opinion mining. We classified the product's lifespan into three segments at first (Early, majority and laggards). A person who posts a review at an early stage is considered to be an early responder to the product. The product reviews are analysed using machine learning techniques. They give comments, and products are subsequently recommended for purchase and sale based on that factor. Users can provide product reviews on popular e-commerce platforms like Flipkart, Myntra, Amazon, and many others. To purchase a product, the consumer will investigate to gain a deeper grasp of the product and how it works. The interpretation will be a very straightforward product with inferior, superior, and neutral product checks. This experiment is carried out using machine learning techniques. Sentiment Analysis is a type of market research in which customers are aware of their reaction to a product. Individual decision-makers, businesses, and governments can all benefit from the awareness of feeling.

Do non-financial factors influence corporate dividend policies? Evidence from business strategy

In this paper, we examine the influence of business strategy on dividend policy. We find that firms following an innovation-oriented strategy (prospectors) pay significantly lower dividends than those following an efficiency-oriented strategy (defenders). Our cross-sectional analyses show that such association is more pronounced among firms with greater investment opportunities and superior performance. Further analysis reveals that prospectors make significantly more capital investment, consistent with prospectors paying fewer dividends to finance their investment activities. Moreover, we address potential endogeneity concerns by implementing (i) a triple-difference analysis (DiDiD) that exploits an exogenous shock that hinders innovation through curbing the supply of highly skilled employees and (ii) an instrumental variable approach. Our results are robust to a propensity-score-matched (PSM) analysis, the inclusion of individual business strategy components, and the use of alternative measures of the dependent variables. Overall, our findings highlight business strategy as an inherent and non-financial determinant of dividend policies.

Adoption of coral propagation and out-planting via the tourism industry to advance site stewardship on the northern Great Barrier Reef

Coral propagation via nurseries and out-planting practices has increased worldwide in the last decade to improve stakeholder-led stewardship aimed at retaining or rehabilitating local reef site health. Until 2017/18, stewardship activities by the tourism industry on the Great Barrier Reef (GBR) have been restricted to operations such as corallivore control and environmentally responsible operations. However, back-to-back bleaching events in 2016/17 catalysed implementation of coral propagation at “high-value” tourism sites, with the goal to overcome conventional cost-efficiency limitations associated with growing and re-planting (out-planting) coral via a novel tourism-research partnership model, “Coral Nurture Program” (CNP) in Far North Queensland. Staged implementation across partners (Phase 1 – “development” via 1 operator; Phase 2 – “adoption” via 4 further operators) resulted in establishment of 72 coral nurseries stocked with >4500 coral fragments from >36 species and out-planting of 21,020 coral fragments of >29 species using a rapid deployment device (Coralclip®). Key elements to the success of CNP were identified through regular partner meetings, and included utilising complimentary expertise, resources and knowledge essential to the continued improvement of best practice and standard operating procedures from both researchers and operators. Here, we specifically examine activity of the CNP from its inception (February 2018) until December 2020, to compare and evaluate how collective propogation by multiple tourism operators coupled with research validation can collaboratively enhance site stewardship at scale across GBR high-value tourism sites. Similarities are drawn between our CNP model and other stewardship-based management models, including adherence to a “code of operation” that ensures trust and equitability across partners. Novel aspects driving CNP success include the flexibility in adoption of CNP workflows to suit individual business preferences (e.g.conducting activity during normal day to day tourism operations versus tourism downturns (e.g. COVID-19)), and use of research to guide objective improvements in site (operator)-specific effectiveness of out-planting and nursery success. In doing so, we use CNP to identify how our tourism-research coral propagation approach could aid stewardship-based management of other reefs where economies are reliant on tourism.

RANCANG BANGUN TRANSAKSI RENTAL MOBIL DENGAN TEKNOLOGI WEB PADA ALKO RENT CAR

In this modern era, the world of science and technology is growing rapidly. Along with this, the flow of information is also growing and the need for quality information is increasing. CV. ALKO Rent Car is an individual business engaged in services, especially transportation services.The previous rental process only used a borrowing system through advertisements in print media and only by word of mouth. This is of course a bit detrimental to the company, because if there are customers from outside the city who will use the car rental service, they cannot know the types of cars that will be used and the price of the car rental. By using a transaction system with web technology, it ishoped that the company can increase the number of customers and not only from the city of Semarang. In addition, the admin section will not experience difficulties when writing reports or customer data collection, because customer data collection can be done in an easier way by entering the customer member, the admin section will find out whether the customer has used the car rental service or not.With web technologies such as HTML, CSS, PHP and MySQL databases as well as utilizing the internet network, it is hoped that it can solve problems related to customer reach.This study uses the Borg and Gall (1987) model from 10 steps to 6 steps. The expert system validation test shows the final value of the calculation is 2.5, concluding that it is very feasible to use. User Validation on CV. ALKO Rent Car Semarang obtained a value of 3.0 stating that the system is feasible to use and good.

Environmental innovation across SMEs in Europe

This paper focuses on the relation between business innovation modes and environmental innovation. Over time firms have recognized the importance of prioritizing innovation to gain competitive advantages in open markets. Yet, in more recent times with the more recent international agreements on environmental sustainability (rounds in Doha in 2004; Copenhagen in 2009; Paris in 2016; and Glasgow in 2021), innovation needs to be guided through new boundaries and requirements that individual businesses and the business system as a whole face. One of these boundaries is nature and its resources which require significant protection as part of the international priority agenda on climate change agreed by most countries with the 2016 Paris Agreement on the Environment and recently confirmed with COP26. As firms are found to adopt alternative archetypical strategies of innovation, some science-driven (STI innovation mode) and others practice-driven (DUI innovation mode), we investigate whether any of these strategic modes is beneficial in relation to the capacity of the firms to produce eco-innovations, and which one is more beneficial in relation to which type of eco-innovation (e.g. technological and non-technological innovation). This analysis is seen in relation to the size of the firms as SMEs typically rely on practice and interactive-based innovation activities (DUI mode). This may help design environment protection-orientated policies that focus on specific drivers, thus making policy action efficient and effective. The analysis is based on the Community Innovation Survey (CIS) database for European countries. Our findings support the view that both STI and DUI drivers support eco-innovation through technological nuances that work also in the specific case of SME environmental innovation.

A natural capital accounting framework to communicate the environmental credentials of individual wool-producing businesses

PurposeThis paper aims to demonstrate methods that sustainability-conscious brands can use to include their primary producers in the measurement and reporting of the environment and sustainability performance of their supply chains. It explores three questions: How can farm businesses provide information required in sustainability reporting? What are the challenges and opportunities experienced in preparing and presenting the information? What future research and policy instruments might be needed to resolve these issues.Design/methodology/approachThis study identifies and describes methods to provide the farm-level information needed for environmental performance and sustainability reporting frameworks. It demonstrates them by compiling natural capital accounts and environmental performance information for two wool producers in the grassy woodland biome of Eastern Australia; the contrasting history and management of these producers would be expected to result in different environmental performances.FindingsThe authors demonstrated an approach to NC accounting that is suitable for including primary producers in environmental performance reporting of supply chains and that can communicate whether individual producers are sustaining, improving or degrading their NC. Measurements suitable for informing farm management and for the estimation of supply chain performance can simultaneously produce information useful for aggregation to regional and national assessments.Practical implicationsThe methods used should assist sustainability-conscious supply chains to more accurately assess the environmental performance of their primary producers and to use these assessments in selective sourcing strategies to improve supply chain performance. Empirical measures of environmental performance and natural capital have the potential to enable evaluation of the effectiveness of sustainability accounting frameworks in inducing businesses to reduce their environmental impacts and improve the condition of the natural capital they depend on.Social implicationsTwo significant social implications exist for the inclusion of primary producers in the sustainability and environmental performance reporting of supply chains. Firstly, it presently takes considerable time and expense for producers to prepare this information. Governments and members of the supply chain should acknowledge the value of this information to their organisations and consider sharing some of the cost of its preparation with primary producers. Secondly, the “additionality” requirement commonly present in existing frameworks may perversely exclude already high-performing producers from being recognised. The methods proposed in this paper provide a way to resolve this.Originality/valueTo the best of the authors’ knowledge, this research is the first to describe detailed methods of collecting data for natural capital accounting and environmental performance reporting for individual farms and the first to compile the information and present it in a manner coherent with the Kering EP&L and the UN SEEA EA. The authors believe that this will make a significant contribution to the development of fair and standardised ways of measuring individual farm performance and the performance of food, beverage and apparel supply chains.

Economic Diagnostics of Territorial Development: National Dimension and Experience of EU Countries

The study is devoted to the theoretical and applied organizational bases for substantiation of indicators and indicators for assessing the competitiveness of transformation processes in the regions. The main purpose of the article is the process of conducting a competitive analysis of the effectiveness of transformation processes in the regions of Ukraine. The article tests the authors' hypothesis on certain indicators for assessing the competitiveness of transformation processes in the region, as well as using them to study the main trends in the regional operating system in dynamics, which is an important step for strategic decisions in the context of competitiveness. The dependence of the calculations on the multicriteria analysis of the competitiveness of the regions on the principle of the process approach showed that each region of Ukraine has its competitive advantages and disadvantages, which must be taken into account when formulating regional development strategies. The results of the study can be used as an information basis for further prospective research to develop recommendations for optimizing business processes in the regions to increase their competitiveness, and the proposed methodological approaches can be used to assess the competitiveness of local operating systems, including at the local level to determine their investment attractiveness and optimize individual business processes or their components.

ADVERTISING AND PACKAGING ANALYSIS OF GUDANG GARAM CIGARETTE PURCHASES

Capital markets play as vital role in supporting a country's economy considering that the capital market has two inviolable capacities, namely monetary capacity and monetary capacity. The capital market is a gathering place for parties who have abundant financial backer with people who need reserves (organizations) by exchanging protection. The presence of capital markets plays an important role for financial backers, both individual financial backers and business elements. They can channel very large abundant assets to donate, so that business people can get additional assets to expand their business network from financial backers in the capital market. Associative research, a sort of research used to determine the association between two variables, was employed in this study. These methodologies and types of investigations are used to look at the impact of working capital management, sales growth, and liquidity on profitability in manufacturing companies. The coefficient of determination (R-Squared) is 0.693909, which equals 69 percent. This shows that the contribution of independent factors consisting of two, namely financial management and liquidity to profitability by 69%, remaining (100% - 69% = 31%) various variables have an impact and beyond variables. Working capital management has a significant impact on profitability, as measured by cash and inventory turnover. Although receivables turnover may not have a significant influence on profitability, it motivates the firm to enhance its receivable management so that receivables can be converted into cash and used for the company's operational purposes as promptly as possible.
 Keywords : Working capital management, sales growth, liquidity, and profitability.

EFFECT OF WORKING CAPITAL MANAGEMENT, SALES GROWTH AND LIQUIDITY ON PROFITABILITY IN MANUFACTURING COMPANIES LISTED ON THE INDONESIA STOCK EXCHANGE (IDX) FOR THE PERIOD 2018-2020

Capital markets play as vital role in supporting a country's economy considering that the capital market has two inviolable capacities, namely monetary capacity and monetary capacity. The capital market is a gathering place for parties who have abundant financial backer with people who need reserves (organizations) by exchanging protection. The presence of capital markets plays an important role for financial backers, both individual financial backers and business elements. They can channel very large abundant assets to donate, so that business people can get additional assets to expand their business network from financial backers in the capital market. Associative research, a sort of research used to determine the association between two variables, was employed in this study. These methodologies and types of investigations are used to look at the impact of working capital management, sales growth, and liquidity on profitability in manufacturing companies. The coefficient of determination (R-Squared) is 0.693909, which equals 69 percent. This shows that the contribution of independent factors consisting of two, namely financial management and liquidity to profitability by 69%, remaining (100% - 69% = 31%) various variables have an impact and beyond variables. Working capital management has a significant impact on profitability, as measured by cash and inventory turnover. Although receivables turnover may not have a significant influence on profitability, it motivates the firm to enhance its receivable management so that receivables can be converted into cash and used for the company's operational purposes as promptly as possible.
 Keywords : Working capital management, sales growth, liquidity, and profitability.