Individual Attitudes Research Articles

Is teasing meant to be mean or nice? Retrospective reports of adolescent social experiences and teasing attitudes

AbstractPeer teasing has contradictory conceptualizations, including teasing that is playful, and teasing that is akin to bullying. In addition to individuals potentially having different conceptualizations of teasing, and despite the inherently social nature of teasing, little is known about the social correlates of teasing attitudes. The current study aimed to examine multifaceted teasing attitudes (i.e., aggressive, affectionate, or romantic interest teasing), and to assess how past social experiences (victimization, popularity, social satisfaction/self‐concept) relate to teasing attitudes. Young adults (N = 437, 17–25 years old, 65% female) reported on multifaceted teasing attitudes on a Teasing Attitudes Scale developed for this study. Participants also reported retrospectively on adolescent social experiences. Findings validated the Teasing Attitudes Scale, showing that young adults have distinct attitudes toward teasing as aggressive, affectionate, and indicating romantic interest. Participants who reported victimization by bullying, lower popularity (girls only), social satisfaction, and social self‐concept were more likely to view teasing as aggressive. Participants who had been victims of non‐bullying aggression viewed teasing as affectionate, and those with high social satisfaction and self‐concept viewed teasing as for romantic interest purposes. Implications for understanding the complexities of teasing and its associations with individual attitudes and adolescent social experiences will be discussed.

Uncovering the Reasons Behind Abstain Voters' Stances in the 2024 Indonesian Presidential Election: Social Media X Study Cases

The Indonesian Government expects the participation of all Indonesian people in holding General Elections. However, according to the 2019 Political Statistics by BPS, there were 34.75 million people who did not exercise their right to vote or were abstain voters (golput) in the 2019 Election. This research aims to analyze individual attitudes towards abstaining voters using stance analysis and topic modelling. From 9,045 collected tweets, subsequent manual annotation revealed 2,566 pro stances, 5,264 neutral stances, and 1,215 contra stances. The classification models utilized are Random Forest, Decision Tree, Logistic Regression, Support Vector Machine, K-Nearest Neighbor, and Gradient Boosting. The classification outcomes will be analyzed by comparing the accuracy, precision, recall, and F1-score results based on their algorithms and n-grams. The results obtained from the stance analysis show that Random Forest achieved the highest accuracy and precision scores, with values of 84% and 83%, respectively. The discussion topic among those supporting golput due to low trust in the presidential and vice-presidential candidates. Other topics mentioned public feels dissatisfied with the pairs of candidates.

Who supports the New Left? Evidence from Croatia

ABSTRACT After decades of leftist quiescence in Croatia, new social movements have created viable political alternatives. This paper analyses the New Left's electoral support using 2021 survey data. The findings show greater support from younger, urban, and culturally liberal individuals, who do not favour increased state market intervention. While some New Left factions support neoliberal policies, this stance must be viewed in the context of high corruption in Croatia, as New Left voters care about socio-economic inequality. These findings align with recent qualitative studies, suggesting further research into the links between corruption, individual attitudes, and support for the New Left.

The Use of Digital Health by South Asian Communities: A Scoping Review.

South Asian individuals experience a higher burden of chronic diseases and limited access to health care services compared with their Caucasian peers. Digital health interventions can enhance the delivery of health care, minimize health inequities, and consequently improve health status among minority ethnic groups. However, it is unclear how South Asian people view and perceive the use of digital health technologies to support their health needs. Thus, the aim of this review is to identify South Asian individuals' experiences and attitudes of digital health and explore the barriers and facilitators affecting their use of digital health services.

Does Trust Lead to the Adoption of a Productive Climate Attitude? Relationship Between Trust, Corruption, and Climate Attitude in Developing Regions.

This study examines the relationship between institutional trust from an individual and societal perspective and perceived corruption and climate attitudes of individuals in Latin America. To this end, multilevel modeling was used to test whether the attitudes of individuals from 285 regions of Latin America are influenced by these constructs. Based on the results, it was found that in contrast to studies in developed countries, where institutional trust is positively associated with pro-climate attitudes, in Latin America institutional trust acts as an inhibiting factor and is inversely related to climate attitudes. Furthermore, the perception of corruption in public institutions was also identified as a factor inhibiting collective action to combat climate change. Moderation analysis revealed that individuals' level of education significantly influences this relationship, with a notable difference in climate attitudes between individuals with low and high levels of trust, especially among those with less education. These findings highlight the importance of taking regional specificities into account when examining the relationship between institutional trust, perceptions of corruption, and climate attitudes, and underscore the need for public policies that promote transparency and accountability of institutions to foster effective collective action on climate change.

Relationship Between Individual Innovativeness Levels and Attitudes Toward Artificial Intelligence Among Nursing and Midwifery Students.

The aim of this study is to explore the connection between individual innovativeness levels and attitudes toward artificial intelligence among nursing and midwifery students. Data were collected from 500 nursing and midwifery students studying at a university in Türkiye. The data gathered between November and December 2023 involved a Personal Information Form, the Individual Innovation Scale, and the General Attitudes toward Artificial Intelligence Scale. Data analysis used descriptive statistics, independent-samples t test, analysis of variance, Bonferroni test, and logistic regression models. Students' average Individual Innovativeness Scale score was 59.47 ± 7.23. Consequently, it was determined that students' individual innovativeness levels were inadequate, placing them in the questioning group. Students demonstrated positive attitudes toward artificial intelligence, with General Attitudes toward Artificial Intelligence Scale-positive scores at a good level (42.67 ± 7.10) and negative attitudes at an average level (24.08 ± 5.81). A significant, positive relationship was found between Individual Innovation Scale and General Attitudes toward Artificial Intelligence Scale total scores (P < .001). The individual innovation level of students proved to be a significant predictor of attitudes toward artificial intelligence (P < .001). Students' individual innovativeness levels positively influence their attitudes toward artificial intelligence. However, it was identified that students' individual innovativeness levels are not sufficient and require improvement.

Factors Affecting Consumers' Online Purchasing Attitudes Towards Ads Guided by Artificial Intelligence

The aim of this study is to try to explain the factors that are thought to affect consumers' attitudes towards online advertisements guided by artificial intelligence. In this context, by utilizing the TAM model, innovation value, trust and perceived risk variables were added to the research model developed to explain the attitudes of individuals towards online advertisements guided by artificial intelligence. Although it is observed that the trust and perceived risk factors added to the model do not have a significant effect on AI-directed ads, it is thought that the non-significance of the two proposed hypotheses may be due to the data set. Because the literature in which the research model was developed shows that the perceived risk factor has a negative effect on attitudes. In this current study, it was observed that perceived risk had a negative effect on attitudes (R²=-0.038, p≤ ,106) but the hypothesis test was not significant. Similarly, although it was observed that trust had a positive effect on attitudes (R²=0.050, p≤ ,117), the hypothesis test was not significant. On the other hand, perceived usefulness (R²=-0,407 p≤ ,05), perceived ease of use (R²=-0,507, p≤ ,05), perceived novelty (R²=-0,186, p≤ ,05) positively affect attitudes towards AI-directed advertisements.

Knowledge and Attitude Toward Sciatica Pain and Treatment Methods Among the Population of Qassim in Saudi Arabia: A Cross-Sectional Study.

Background: Sciatica, a pain radiating along the sciatic nerve, can cause significant suffering and functional limitations. Understanding individual populations' knowledge and attitudes about sciatica pain is crucial for designing targeted interventions and enhancing healthcare delivery, especially in Saudi Arabia. This study aimed to evaluate the knowledge and attitude towardsciatica pain and treatment methods among the population of Al-Qassim in Saudi Arabia. Methods and materials:This online cross-sectional study was conducted in the Al-Qassim region, Saudi Arabia, using a self-administered questionnaire. The data was analyzed using SPSS software, with numeric data presented as mean ± SD and categorical variables as frequencies and percentages. Correlation analyses included the Chi-squared test and one-way ANOVA. Results: The study received 398 responses, from mostly female (n=305, 76.6%)and Saudi adults aged under 30 (n=248, 62.3%). Most participants sought treatment for sciatica pain from a specialist doctor (n=28, 56.0%) or a general doctor (n=10, 20.0%). Physical therapy was the most common self-treatment method (n=11, 32.4%), followed by painkillers and muscle relaxants (n=10, 29.4%). Knowledge and attitude towardsciatica were generally low (mean score: 3.54 ± 2.61 out of 9), with only 70 (17.6%) showing good knowledge. Most respondents recognized practices like spinal imaging, surgery as a last resort, and exercise/sitting habits as impacting sciatica outcomes. Traditional therapies like massage, cupping, acupuncture, and cautery were considered beneficial. Educational level significantly impacted knowledge scores, with higher mean scores among postgraduate education holders and bachelor's degree holders (mean scores: 4.06 ± 2.48 and 3.98 ± 2.53, respectively). Age, gender, occupation, nationality, and region showed no significant differences in mean knowledge scores. Attitude scores were similar across sociodemographic spectra, with younger respondents having slightly more positive attitudes. Conclusion: The study showed poor knowledge, influenced by education levels, and neutral attitudes about sciatica among residents of Al-Qassim. Therefore, educational programs and engagement of healthcare stakeholders are recommended to raise awareness and improve knowledge and attitudes.

Precautionary risk-reduction and saving decisions: Two sides of the same coin?

We provide new results about the comparative static effects of income risk and interest rate risk on optimal risk-reduction and saving decisions. We combine arguments from the risk apportionment literature with monotone comparative statics. Risk reduction and saving are Edgeworth-Pareto substitutes for (mixed) risk averters and Edgeworth-Pareto complements for (mixed) risk lovers. For changes in income risk, risk reduction and saving are Nth-degree risk complements for risk lovers. For changes in interest rate risk, risk reduction and saving are Nth-degree risk substitutes for risk averters. The individual's risk attitude and the source of risk thus co-determine the effects of risk changes on optimal. We also discuss several extensions including multiple loss states, higher-order risk reduction, stochastic dominance, non-separable utility, and inflation risk.

Perceptions of structural and provider-based substance use stigma interventions among primary care professionals

BackgroundStigma enacted in primary care settings remains a barrier to care for people who use drugs (PWUD). Little is known about the acceptability of potential stigma interventions to target structural drivers of stigma affecting the organizational- or provider-level. MethodsIn-depth interview data were collected from 21 individuals working in Michigan primary care facilities. Participants included clinical (e.g., physicians, nurses) and non-clinical (e.g., administrators, receptionists) staff. Interviews explored perceptions of stigma toward PWUD and the acceptability of interventions to mitigate such stigma. Thematic analysis was used to identify stigma themes. ResultsParticipants largely reported substance-use stigma as a matter of individual attitudes or knowledge limitations and described such stigma as rarely occurring during interpersonal interactions. Participants were still acutely aware of upstream societal and organizational factors creating structural barriers to care and/or worsening outcomes among PWUD, but seldom labeled these as stigma. Some provider and structural stigma reduction interventions were enthusiastically supported because they address participant ideas of substance-use stigma drivers (e.g., lack of knowledge) or provide resources that could improve care quality or provide resources for PWUD. Conversely, participants opposed some potential stigma interventions, e.g., less-frequent urine drug testing and increasing clinical visit time, deemed infeasible because of outside forces like insurers or regulators. ConclusionsAlthough most participants conceptualized substance-use stigma as an individual or interpersonal process best addressed with training, their awareness of social determinants of health seemed to fuel an openness to some structural interventions to reduce organizational and provider stigma toward PWUD in primary care settings.

When the Dark Employee Takes an Irrational Turn: Exploring the Intersection of Dark Personality Traits and Work-Related Beliefs

An individual’s disposition towards work is influenced by various factors, including cognitive perception of reality. The attitudes individuals hold towards work are not always based on rational thinking and are also influenced by personality traits. Current research findings suggest that personality traits predict irrational beliefs, which in turn lead to different forms of maladjustment. These personality traits, commonly referred to as the Dark Triad, encompass Machiavellianism, narcissism, and psychopathy. These traits exhibit several shared characteristics with workaholism, a condition associated with irrational beliefs pertaining to work performance. This study aimed to explore the associations between irrational beliefs regarding work and the aversive personality traits. The results indicated a positive correlation between Machiavellianism and work-related irrational beliefs, particularly in relation to failure and control. Narcissism exhibited a positive association with co-workers’ approval. Psychopathy demonstrated a significant positive correlation with control and a negative correlation with performance demands. Regression models were employed to explain the variance in work-related irrational beliefs, ranging from 5.4 to 8.3%. This research builds upon previous studies that have examined workaholism, irrational beliefs, and personality traits, mostly Big Five. By linking the Dark Triad to specific irrational beliefs about work, this research contributes to a deeper understanding of how detrimental personality traits can influence workplace dynamics and individual work attitudes, extending beyond the broader categories typically studied under the Big Five personality traits. This insight is valuable for developing targeted interventions to address and mitigate the impact of these traits in professional settings.

Influence of Rurality When Accessing Emergency Healthcare During Exacerbation of Asthma

Background: Asthma is a significant contributor of respiratory illness throughout Australia, taking a toll on all genders and age groups. The rural healthcare workforce is currently undersupplied, and this worsens with the degree of rurality posing disadvantages in healthcare access. Lower asthma-related mortality rates in metropolitan cities than other areas of Australia indicate a need to explore the extent of the impact that residing rurally has on access to emergency healthcare for asthma-related emergencies. Methods: A scoping review of literature was conducted utilising the steps articulated in Peters et al. (2020)methodological approach. The databases: Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature (CINAHL), Emcare, Medline and PubMed were searched using key words. After screening 20 articles were included. Results: Four main themes emerged including the impact of access to resources; individual behaviours and attitudes; education and health literacy; and rural clinician adherence to guidelines. Conclusion: Several challenges are associated with living in rural areas which may impact patients ability to access emergency healthcare during an asthma-related emergency. Further research is recommended to determine the extent to which these challenges influence access to emergency healthcare and explore strategies to break down these barriers to ensure equitable emergency healthcare.

The Relationship between the Adaptive Sport of Blind Football related to Volunteer Experiences and the Explicit/Implicit Attitudes of Non-disabled Individuals towards People with Disabilities

The Relationship between the Adaptive Sport of Blind Football related to Volunteer Experiences and the Explicit/Implicit Attitudes of Non-disabled Individuals towards People with Disabilities

A theoretical framework for identifying sociocultural factors that influence nurses' compliance with early warning systems for acute clinical deterioration: A cross-sectional survey

BackgroundSystematic adoption of early warning systems in healthcare settings is dependent on the optimal and reliable application by the user. Psychosocial issues and hospital culture influence clinicians' patient safety behaviours. Objective(i) To examine the sociocultural factors that influence nurses' EWS compliance behaviours, using a theory driven behavioural model and (ii) to propose a conceptual model of sociocultural factors for EWS compliance behaviour. DesignA cross-sectional survey. SettingNurses employed in public hospitals across Queensland, Australia. ParticipantsUsing convenience and snowball sampling techniques eligible nurses accessed a dedicated web site and survey containing closed and open-ended questions. 291 nurses from 60 hospitals completed the survey. MethodsQuantitative data were analysed using ANOVA or t-tests to test differences in means. A series of path models based on the theory were conducted to develop a new model. Directed or theory driven content analysis informed qualitative data analysis. ResultsNurses report high levels of previous compliance behaviour and strong intentions to continue complying in the future (M=4.7; SD 0.48). Individual compliance attitudes (β 0.29, p<.05), perceived value of escalation (β 0.24, p<.05) and perceived ease or difficulty complying with documentation (β −0.31, p<.05) were statistically significant, predicting 24% of variation in compliance behaviour. Positive personal charting beliefs (β 0.14, p<.05) and subjective norms both explain higher behavioural intent indirectly through personal attitudes. High ratings of peer charting beliefs indirectly explain attitudes through subjective norms (β 0.20, p<.05). Perceptions of control over one's clinical actions (β −0.24, p<.05) and early warning system training (β −0.17, p<.05) directly contributed to fewer difficulties complying with documentation requirements. Prior difficulties when escalating care (β −0.31, p<.05) directly influenced the perceived value of escalating. ConclusionsThe developed theory-based conceptual model identified sociocultural variables that inform compliance behaviour (documenting and escalation protocols). The model highlights areas of clinical judgement, education, interprofessional trust, workplace norms and cultural factors that directly or indirectly influence nurses' intention to comply with EWS protocols. Extending our understanding of the sociocultural and system wide factors that hamper nurses' use of EWSs and professional accountability has the potential to improve the compliance behaviour of staff and subsequently enhance the safety climate attitudes of hospitals. Tweetable abstractA newly developed model reports nurse's personal attitudes, peer influence, perceived difficulties encountered documenting and escalation beliefs all predict early warning system compliance behaviour.

Individual Attitudes and Settlement Perspectives of Refugees in Greece: The Case of Samos Island

Expanding refugee influxes have involved a rising number of European countries in recent years. In this context, our study investigates attitudes of international protection seekers regarding their prospects of staying permanently in a transit country such as Greece. This research was based on primary statistical data collected through the dissemination of structured questionnaires from a sample of refugees from the Closed Controlled Facility of Samos island, Eastern Greece, one of the most attended gates allowing access to Europe from Turkey and the Middle East. Descriptive and non-parametric statistics and results from a logistic regression contributed to the examination of factors that simultaneously determine the will of the refugees to stay in Greece instead of moving to another country. The main reasons they want to stay in Greece are primarily for employment opportunities and a better quality of life. They aspire to learn Greek to integrate better into the local society, actively seeking this skill from their initial arrival. However, their social integration into the local host community cannot be achieved effectively at the current time due to the absence of appropriate strategies at the local/regional levels. The need for employment (expressed by attempts to find work), the quality of life (access to public and private services), the country of origin, marital status and, finally, the sense of safety based on the existence (or, conversely, lack) of xenophobic and racist incidents are the main reasons that simultaneously determine their decision to stay permanently in Greece.

INFLUENCE OF CHANGING PORTRAYALS OF WOMEN IN HINDI CINEMA ON YOUTH’S PROGRESSIVE GENDER ATTITUDES

This research paper examines the impact of evolving portrayals of women in Hindi cinema on the progressive gender attitudes of contemporary youth. In recent decades, Hindi cinema has increasingly shifted from portraying women primarily in conventional and submissive positions to presenting them in more forward-thinking and active roles. The objective of this study is to examine the impact of these alterations in cinematic portrayals on the perceptions and attitudes of young individuals towards gender equality. Through the use of a mixed-methods methodology including quantitative surveys and qualitative interviews, this study examines the relationship between film depictions and changes in gender attitudes among young people. Empirical evidence suggests that favourable depictions of women in contemporary Hindi film are linked to more progressive gender perspectives among young people, underscoring the capacity of media to influence society standards and behaviours.

Sportmanship As One Of The Character Buildings For Football Athletes

Sportsmanship is an individual's attitude and behavior in sports in respecting rules, officials, social conventions, and respect for opponents carried out with a high commitment to sports. The aim of this research is to determine the attitude of sportsmanship as a form of character for football athletes. This research design uses literary research methods. The steps taken to review the literature are by exploring previous research related to sportsmanship to continue or criticize. The initial stage in the form of ideas or theories related to professionalism will be collected and grouped based on predetermined subthemes, after that separating data that supports the subtheme and separating information that is not directly related to the subtheme. Then the data analysis continues and it is narrated in detail according to the needs of this research. The data sources in this research are based on documentation and indexed WEB journals in the form of scientific research journals, dissertations, theses, research reports, textbooks, papers, seminars, official writings that discuss sportsmanship in character building in football athletes. The results of this research prove that one of the elements that supports sportsmanship in forming the character of football athletes is a sports environment that is created and aimed at developing the athlete's character, which is supported by coaches, parents, spectators, administrators, and the athletes themselves. The fundamental element of sportsmanship comes from the internalization of sportsmanship that has been instilled from an early age until the athlete is an adult.

Assessment of Construction Practitioners’ Knowledge Sharing Attitude in Construction Projects in Nigeria

Individuals such as construction practitioners (CPs) are the focal point of knowledge sharing (KS). KS plays a cardinal role in knowledge management (KM). It is recognised as one of the most crucial aspect of KM which leads to better performance of organisations and construction projects. Literature has shown that KS success is largely driven by individual level variables such as attitude. Studies on KS largely neglect the individual level variables, e.g. perception, motivation and attitude. Hence, there is a lack of knowledge on the influence of the determinants of attitude on construction practitioners’ (CPs’) KS attitude. Therefore, this study aimed at assessing the influence of the determinants of attitude on CPs' KS attitude in construction projects with a view to improving knowledge sharing among CPs. The determinants of KS attitude and their components were identified from literature and were used to conduct a survey to assess the CPs' KS attitude. Quantitative method was adopted for this research and the data were collected using structured questionnaire administered to 174 Construction practitioners using Stratified Random Sampling. Data were analysed using Structural Equation Modelling. The study identified six determinants of KS attitude with four independent (perceiver, target, intensity and persistence) and two dependents (cognitive and affective). It was found out that the CPs perceiver, target, intensity and persistence as determinants of KS has influence on KS attitude. The study also found a high significant influence between measures of CPs’ motivation (intensity &amp; persistence) KS attitude compared to measures of their perception (perceiver &amp; target) and the strongest influence is between CPs intensity and their cognitive. The study concludes that CP’s as the perceivers and KS as what is been perceived (target) do not affect CPs knowledge sharing attitude, instead intensity and persistence (motivation) does. This study recommends that CPs should be educated about their perception of KS. The study recommends that construction practitioners level of motivation should be increased because motivation is what derives them to share knowledge rather than perception.

WOMEN EMPOWERMENT THROUGH SELF-HELP GROUPS (SHGS) IN MEWAT DISTRICT OF HARYANA STATE

Women's empowerment has been visible in recent years as a focal topic in determining their status. To connect SHGs with banks, NABARD started a project in 1991 under which 500 support groups were linked with banks. Empowerment is a process of creating awareness among women through knowledge, education, and skills. While the savings made by women improve their economic status, they can also enhance their decision-making process. The objective of the analysis is intended to replicate the social impact of the self-help group of women to investigate the changes in the SHGs social clause, to assess the influence of the SHGs on the social status of individuals and to differentiate the attitude of individuals from the SHGs and their social impact. Microcredit plays an important role in promoting socio-economic development. The objective of SHG is to ensure health as well as to empower women financially.

Electric vehicle public charging choices: a qualitative investigation

ABSTRACT Understanding how potential and existing electric vehicle users choose public charging is critical for the development of public-charging infrastructure. This study employs a qualitative approach guided by stated choice tasks to examine the decision-making processes regarding public charging. Through 20 interviews of existing and potential EV users in the UK, thematic analysis of responses pointed towards three areas: the choice context, attribute non-attendance and payment method. Participants sought detailed information about the circumstances under which they had to charge their vehicles. Attribute non-attendance meant that some participants paid more attention to specific attributes than others (e.g. location, price). Responses around the payment method pointed towards differences in relation to personal attitudes. This evidence suggests that charging choices are context-dependent, choices may be guided by specific attributes and individual attitudes play a role in these choices. These are also important considerations when designing a large-scale survey involving choice experiments and public charging.