Elderly Individuals Research Articles

Impact of marginalization on characteristics and healthcare utilization among people with substance use disorder in Ontario, Canada, before and during the COVID-19 pandemic: A cross-sectional study.

To describe and compare the characteristics of people with SUD and their use of healthcare services in two ways: 1) across varying levels of marginalization and 2) before and during the pandemic. We conducted a population-based cross-sectional study using administrative data from Ontario, Canada. We included individuals age 16+ with a recorded diagnosis of SUD between June 2018-2019 (pre-pandemic) and June 2021-2022 (during-pandemic). Baseline sociodemographic and clinical characteristics and use of healthcare services were enumerated across the five quintiles of the Ontario Marginalization Index. 259,497 pre-pandemic and 276,459 during-pandemic people with SUD were identified. Over 40% belonged to the two highest marginalization quintiles (Q4/Q5). Most had an outpatient visit with similar percentages across quintiles, however the number of visits increased with increasing marginalization (pre-pandemic: mean 8.5 visits in Q1 vs 13.0 visits in Q5; during-pandemic: mean 9.5 in Q1 vs 13.4 in Q5). There was no consistent pattern in percent of people who sought alcohol-related outpatient care, however more marginalized people sought drug-related outpatient care (pre-pandemic: 19.1% in Q1 vs 31.7% in Q5; during-pandemic: 18.7% in Q1 vs 32.5% in Q5). Almost half of people with SUD had an emergency department (ED) visit, of which more belonged to higher marginalization quintiles (pre-pandemic: 43.5% in Q1 vs 49.8% in Q5; during-pandemic: 41.4% in Q1 vs 49.3% in Q5). SUD prevalence and most health service utilization remained similar from pre- to during-pandemic. Increasing marginalization was associated with increased use of healthcare among people with SUD. Future research should aim to further explore the complex relationship between marginalization and substance use.

Enhanced recovery after surgery (ERAS) improves outcomes in elderly patients undergoing short-level lumbar fusion surgery: a retrospective study of 333 cases

BackgroundDegenerative lumbar disease significantly impairs the quality of life in elderly individuals, with short-segment lumbar degenerative disease being particularly prevalent. When conservative treatment proves ineffective, surgical intervention becomes the optimal choice for managing lumbar disease. The implementation of Enhanced Recovery After Surgery (ERAS) in spinal surgery has been progressively refined, leading to greater patient benefits. However, age and the associated decline in physiological function remain critical factors influencing surgical decision-making. Currently, there is a paucity of research focused on elderly patients undergoing lumbar fusion surgery to substantiate that advanced age does not diminish the benefits derived from ERAS in this demographic.MethodsThis is a retrospective cohort study of prospectively collected data. Patients who underwent short-segment (1 or 2 segments) transforaminal lumbar interbody fusion (TLIF) under the care of the same surgical team at our institution were recruited, and divided into no-ERAS-elder, ERAS-elder, and ERAS-younger groups. Subsequently, time to physiological function recovery and other outcomes were compared.ResultsThe outcomes of the ERAS-elder group (n = 113) and the no-ERAS-elder group (n = 120) were compared. The overall physiological function recovery was significantly faster (6.71 ± 2.6 days vs. 8.6 ± 2.67 days, p = 0.01) in the ERAS-elder group. Next, the outcomes of the ERAS-elder group (n = 113) were compared with those of the ERAS-younger group (n = 100), and no significant difference in total physiological function recovery was found between the two groups (6.71 ± 2.6 days vs. 6.14 ± 1.63 days, p = 0.252).ConclusionsThis study shows that the implementation of the ERAS program can effectively shorten the recovery time of physiological function in elderly patients after short-segment lumbar surgery, reduce the incidence of some complications, alleviate pain, and significantly shorten the length of hospital stay. ERAS enables elderly patients to achieve outcomes comparable to those of younger patients.

Perceptions of Senior Citizens Regarding the Social Media Impact on Relationship between Parents and Teenagers: A Sociological Case Study in Dera Ghazi Khan

The utilization of social media can have both advantageous and detrimental effects on families, regardless of whether they are in their household or traveling. Elderly individuals in households often observe the impact of social media on their interactions with adults, experiencing a combination of concern and fascination. They express apprehension about the potential harm to family connections caused by the various risks linked with teenagers' use of social media, including cyberbullying, harassment, and fraud. The study aims to understand the sociological implications of social media on family dynamics with objective of, (i) to find out the socioeconomic characteristics of the study participants; (ii) to explore the main cause the social media platforms impact on the relationship between parents and teenagers; (iii) to explore the negative consequences of social media sites on the activities of teenagers; and (iv) how to overcome the negative effect of social media. For this study, a sample of 160 study participants (senior citizens) selected through multistage sampling technique. At first stage 1 Tehsil will be selected randomly, at second stage 4 union councils selected randomly from each tehsil, at third stage 2 villages selected from each union council randomly, at fourth stage 20 study participants selected from each village through convenient sampling technique. Majority more than eighty percent (80.7%) of the teenagers due to excessive usage of social media apps make them aggressive. Majority more than eighty-two percent (82.5%) of the teenagers face depression due social loneliness. Majority more than ninety-one percent (91.9%) of the senior citizens’ availability of internet making them addictive of social media app. Majority more than ninety-two percent (92.5%) of the teenagers after the use of social media app they feel headache, back pain and eyesight problems. Majority more than seventy-one percent (71.9%) of the senior citizens said that usage of social media apps teenagers faced mood swings. Strain relationship between parent’s teenagers was associated with teenager isolation. The time for parents was associated with the feeling of pleasant with social media apps. Habitual of social media app usage was associated with depression in teenagers.

Analysis of the Relationship between Symptoms, Clinical Diagnosis, and Findings of CT-Scan Images to Pictures of Vertebrobasilar Artery Insufficiency

Vertebrobasilar artery insufficiency (VBI) occurs when the blood flow to the posterior circulation of the brain, supplied by the vertebral arteries, becomes inadequate. Frequently, VBI is detected accidentally through CT-Scan in patients who do not show symptoms directly related to this condition. This study highlights the importance of comprehensive evaluation and early screening to improve VBI management. The main objective of this research is to analyze the relationship between clinical symptoms, clinical diagnosis, and CT-Scan findings to enhance diagnostic accuracy and develop more effective treatment strategies. A cross-sectional design was used in this study, with samples obtained from the medical records of patients diagnosed with Vertebrobasilar Artery Insufficiency at Bethesda Hospital Yogyakarta between January and April 2023. The data were analyzed using the chi-square test and processed with SPSS software. The patient population was dominated by elderly individuals (73%) and males (60.5%), although these differences were not statistically significant.The findings suggest that VBI symptoms vary based on age, with older patients more likely to exhibit stroke and hemiparesis, while younger patients typically experience headaches and vertigo. Screening for risk factors like cholesterol and blood sugar levels is crucial for patients over 45, whereas younger patients may require additional tests to assess cardiometabolic or hypercoagulation risks. Early detection through age-appropriate screening is vital for preventing serious complications and improving patient outcomes. These findings imply that systematic screening can help identify undiagnosed VBI cases, allowing for timely and more effective medical intervention.

Development of Self-Help Lifting Pads for Elderly People with Difficulty in Sitting Up

As individuals age, physiological changes can make it increasingly difficult to sit up unassisted. This study aimed to develop ergonomic self-help lifting pads to aid elderly individuals. The first phase involved constructing the pads and a needs assessment with elderly participants and caregivers to survey the physical dimensions and requirements for the design. The second phase focused on cost, engineering, and usage efficiency. Cost efficiency was analyzed using descriptive statistics, engineering efficiency was assessed through testing seat cushion, force reduction, and electrical safety, and usage efficiency was evaluated with participants aged 40 to 50 years. Results from the first phase indicated that the pads should be at least 53.15 cm wide and 153 cm long, with a need for relaxation and affordability. In the second phase, prototype pads were developed according to these specifications. A cost analysis showed that while the manual pad was more expensive than comparable products, the other variants were more cost-effective. Engineering tests confirmed that the cushions met ASTM D3574 standards and that the electrical components conformed to IEC 60335 standards. Usage efficiency ratings were the highest for the massage system pad. Participant feedback indicated longer pads, more convenient controls, and increased cushion comfort, guiding the development of the second version.

Exploring the Impact of an Interactive Electronic Pegboard on Manual Dexterity and Cognitive Skills of Patients With Stroke: Preliminary Analysis.

As individuals age, the incidence and mortality rates of cerebrovascular accidents significantly rise, leading to fine motor impairments and cognitive deficits that impact daily life. In modern occupational therapy, assessing manual dexterity and cognitive functions typically involves observation of patients interacting with physical objects. However, this pen-and-paper method is not only time-consuming, relying heavily on therapist involvement, but also often inaccurate. Digital assessment methods, therefore, have the potential to increase the accuracy of diagnosis, as well as decrease the workload of health care professionals. This study examined the feasibility of an interactive electronic pegboard for the assessment and rehabilitation of patients with stroke. We explored the pegboard's clinical applicability by examining the relationship among stages, timing, and difficulty settings, as well as their alignment with patient capabilities. In total, 10 participants used a prototype of the pegboard for functional and task assessments; questionnaire interviews were conducted simultaneously to collect user feedback. Patients with stroke consistently required more time to complete tasks than expected, significantly deviating from the initial time frames. Additionally, the participants exhibited a slight reduction in performance levels in both manual dexterity and cognitive abilities. Insights from questionnaire responses revealed that the majority of participants found the prototype interface easy and enjoyable to use, with good functionality. This preliminary investigation supports the efficacy of interactive electronic pegboards for the rehabilitation of the hand functions of patients with stroke, as well as training their attentional and cognitive abilities. This digital technology could potentially alleviate the burden of health care workers, positioning it as a valuable and intelligent precision health care tool.

Exploring Individual Factors Associated with the Prevalence of Cybercrime Victimization Among Students at Egerton University, Kenya

In the modern digital epoch, identifying the factors linked to cybercrime victimization is crucial, particularly among the youth, who are often more exposed to such risks. This study examined the role of individual attributes, namely gender, age, and academic level, in influencing university students’ vulnerability to seven distinct cybercrimes. Originating from Egerton University’s primary campus in Njoro sub-county, Nakuru County, Kenya, the research harnessed structured questionnaires to collect quantitative data. Participants’ ages varied from 18 to over 26 years. The gender distribution comprised 57.2% males and 42.8% females. Regarding academic engagement, 4.5% were diploma students, a majority of 92.6% were undergraduate students, and a smaller 2.9% were master’s students. Notably, our analyses indicated that while gender did not significantly influence cybercrime victimization, age, and academic level emerged as influential factors. This paper further explores these findings, highlighting their implications in the broader cybersecurity awareness and education framework.

The Healing Environment Approach in Elderly-Friendly Resort Design Based on Nvivo Analysis

The aging process in the elderly results in physical, psychological, and social declines that can lead to various health issues. Many elderly individuals engage in travel activities, such as visiting new places or spending time abroad, as a means of psychological satisfaction and self-actualization, improving their overall quality of life. However, a significant concern is whether resort areas provide adequate comfort and safety for elderly tourists, as many destinations are not elderly-friendly. This research aims to explore the concept of healing, the specific needs of the elderly in tourism for comfort and security, and how to design an ideal resort for the elderly. This research employs a mixed-methods approach, using both quantitative and qualitative data. Quantitative data were processed using SPSS/SmartPLS, while qualitative data were analyzed using NVivo. The research's findings highlight the importance of a "healing environment" in resort design for the elderly, with considerations for accessibility, psychological well-being, and integration with nature. The results provide insights into how a resort can be designed to meet the physical and emotional needs of elderly tourists. The research's implications suggest that applying the "healing environment" approach can significantly enhance the safety, comfort, and overall experience for elderly visitors in tourism settings.

Qualitative Analysis of Responses in Estimating Older Adults Cognitive Functioning in Spontaneous Speech: Comparison of Questions Asked by AI Agents and Humans.

Artificial Intelligence (AI) technology is gaining attention for its potential in cognitive function assessment and intervention. AI robots and agents can offer continuous dialogue with the elderly, helping to prevent social isolation and support cognitive health. Speech-based evaluation methods are promising as they reduce the burden on elderly participants. AI agents could replace human questioners, offering efficient and consistent assessments. However, existing research lacks sufficient comparisons of elderly speech content when interacting with AI versus human partners, and detailed analyses of factors like cognitive function levels and dialogue partner effects on speech elements such as proper nouns and fillers. This study investigates how elderly individuals' cognitive functions influence their communication patterns with both human and AI conversational partners. A total of 34 older people (12 men and 22 women) living in the community were selected from a silver human resource centre and day service centre in Tokyo. Cognitive function was assessed using the Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE), and participants engaged in semi-structured daily conversations with both human and AI partners. The study examined the frequency of fillers, proper nouns, and "listen back" in conversations with AI and humans. Results showed that participants used more fillers in human conversations, especially those with lower cognitive function. In contrast, proper nouns were used more in AI conversations, particularly by those with higher cognitive function. Participants also asked for explanations more often in AI conversations, especially those with lower cognitive function. These findings highlight differences in conversation patterns based on cognitive function and the conversation partner being either AI or human. These results suggest that there are differences in conversation patterns depending on the cognitive function of the participants and whether the conversation partner is a human or an AI. This study aims to provide new insights into the effective use of AI agents in dialogue with the elderly, contributing to the improvement of elderly welfare.

Analysis of the risk factors for contralateral refracture after hip fracture surgery in elderly individuals: a retrospective study

BackgroundThe risk factors for contralateral hip refracture after primary hip fracture are not fully understood; therefore, this study compared the clinical characteristics of patients with first and second hip fractures and explored and analyzed the risk factors for contralateral refracture after hip fracture in elderly individuals to provide a reference for the clinical prevention of postoperative refracture of hip fracture in elderly individuals.MethodsA retrospective study was conducted on 458 elderly patients with hip fractures who underwent surgical treatment and were discharged from our hospital from March 2016 to March 2019. The clinical data of the patients were analyzed retrospectively. Patients were divided into a case group (postoperative refracture) and a control group (no postoperative refracture) based on whether they experienced refracture within five years after surgery. The clinical data of the two groups were compared and analyzed via univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses and receiver operating characteristic (ROC) regression analysis to identify the risk factors for refractures after hip fracture surgery in elderly patients.ResultsSixty-one patients experienced refracture, with an incidence rate of 13.3%. Age ≥ 80.5 years, female sex, poor knee joint function, FRAX score ≥ 15.5, anemia, visual impairment, osteoporosis, and Alzheimer’s disease (AD) were identified as risk factors for refracture after hip fracture surgery in elderly individuals (P < 0.05).ConclusionElderly patients with hip fractures are susceptible to refracture after surgery because of factors such as advanced age, female sex, high FRAX score, poor knee joint function, anemia, osteoporosis, visual impairment, and AD. Targeted interventions should be implemented based on the above risk factors.

Invasive Pneumococcal Diseases in People over 65 in Veneto Region Surveillance

Background: Elderly individuals over 65, along with children under 5, are the most affected by invasive pneumococcal diseases (IPDs). Monitoring vaccination coverage and conducting surveillance are essential for guiding evidence-based prevention campaigns and public health measures. Methods: Since 2007, the Veneto Region has relied on three sources for surveillance of invasive bacterial infections, contributing to an increase in reported IPD cases. This study analyzed notifications related to individuals aged ≥65 years from 2007 to 2023. Results: A total of 1527 cases of IPDs in elderly individuals were reported between 2007 and 2023. The notification rate significantly increased from 5.61 to 14.63 per 100,000 inhabitants, despite underreporting during the COVID-19 pandemic. Cases associated with sepsis increased from 3.89 to 9.58 per 100,000, while notifications of meningitis and case fatality rates remained stable at 1.5 per 100,000 and 11.8%, respectively. Serotyping was not performed in 52% of the notifications. The most common serotypes were 3 (21.6%), 8 (11.1%), and 19A (5.0%), with fluctuations over time. There was a significant decline in serotypes covered by PCV7 and PCV13 and an increase in non-vaccine serotypes. Conclusions: The regional surveillance system allows for an increasingly comprehensive profile of the epidemiological landscape of IPDs in Veneto. However, the surveillance of pneumococcal infections still presents challenges. The currently available data are likely to be underestimated, mainly referring to the most severe cases, and the serotyping necessary to identify the etiological agent is still not often performed.

Exploring the Effectiveness of Technology-Assisted Interventions for Promoting Independence in Elderly Patients: A Systematic Review.

The aging global population presents significant challenges for healthcare systems. Technology-assisted interventions have emerged as promising tools to enhance independence and well-being among elderly individuals. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of technology-assisted interventions in promoting independence among elderly patients and identify key barriers and facilitators to their implementation. A systematic review was conducted following PRISMA guidelines. Searches were performed in PubMed, IEEE Xplore, ACM Digital Library, Cochrane Library, and Scopus. Studies evaluating technology-assisted interventions for promoting independence in elderly patients were included. Data were synthesized through narrative and thematic analysis. Fourteen studies met inclusion criteria. Technology-assisted interventions demonstrated positive impacts on physical and cognitive functioning, health management, quality of life, and technological engagement among elderly patients. Improvements were observed in areas such as mobility, chronic disease management, mental health, and daily living activities. High usability and adherence rates were reported for well-designed interventions. However, challenges in user-centered design, personalization, and integration with existing healthcare systems were identified. Technology-assisted interventions show promise in promoting independence among elderly patients. Future research should focus on addressing identified challenges and conducting larger, long-term studies to confirm effectiveness and sustainability.

Improvements in upper extremity isometric muscle strength, dexterity, and self-care independence during the sub-acute phase of stroke recovery: an observational study on the effects of intensive comprehensive rehabilitation.

Stroke often impairs upper extremity motor function, with recovery in the sub-acute phase being crucial for regaining independence. This study examines changes in isometric muscle strength, dexterity, and self-care independence during this period, and evaluates the effects of a comprehensive intensive rehabilitation (COMIRESTROKE). Individuals in sub-acute stroke recovery and age- and sex-matched controls were assessed for pre- and post-rehabilitation differences in primary outcomes (grip/pinch strength, Nine Hole Peg Test [NHPT], Action Research Arm Test [ARAT]). COMIRESTROKE's effects on primary and secondary outcomes (National Institute of Health Stroke Scale [NIHSS], Modified Rankin Scale [MRS], Functional Independence Measure [FIM]) were evaluated. Outcomes were analyzed for dominant and non-dominant limbs, both regardless of impairment and with a focus on impaired limbs. Fifty-two individuals with stroke (NIHSS 7.51 ± 5.71, age 70.25 ± 12.66 years, 21.36 ± 12.06 days post-stroke) and forty-six controls participated. At baseline, individuals with stroke showed significantly lower strength (dominant grip, key pinch, tip-tip pinch, p adj < 0.05), higher NHPT scores (p adj < 0.05), and lower ARAT scores (p adj < 0.001). COMIRESTROKE led to improvements in dominant key pinch, non-dominant tip-tip pinch, NHPT, and both dominant and non-dominant ARAT (p adj < 0.05). Notably, non-dominant key pinch improved significantly when considering only impaired hands. Pre- and post-test differences between groups were significant only for ARAT (both limbs), even after adjustment (p adj < 0.05). All secondary outcomes (NIHSS, MRS, FIM) showed significant improvement post-COMIRESTROKE (p adj < 0.001). Individuals with stroke exhibit reduced muscle strength and dexterity, impairing independence. However, comprehensive intensive rehabilitation significantly improves these functions. Data are available from the corresponding author upon request and are part of a sub-study of NCT05323916.

In utero and childhood exposure to the great Chinese famine and risk of aging in adulthood

Background Early-life exposure to famine may influence the occurrence of chronic diseases and aging in midlife among those exposed. This study aims to explore the relationship between exposure to the Chinese Great Famine and aging in middle-aged individuals. Methods Participants born in 1963–1965 (unexposed), 1959–1961 (in utero exposure), and 1955–1957 (childhood exposure) from the Kailuan Study were included. Their biological age at 2010, 2014, and 2018 was investigated, and age acceleration (biological age minus actual age) was calculated to assess aging. Logistic regression analysis was employed to describe the relationship between famine exposure and the aging risk. Subgroup and sensitivity analysis were conducted to explore differences and stability in this relationship among different groups. Results A total of 17,543 participants were included in this study. Among them, 12,762 (72.7%) were male, and 4,781 (27.3%) were female, with 2,543 participants experiencing aging events. Compared to unexposed participants, those exposed during childhood and in utero exhibited a 1.69-fold (OR = 1.69, 95%CI: 1.53–1.87) and 1.22-fold (OR = 1.22, 95%CI: 1.08–1.37) increased risk of aging. Subgroup analysis revealed an interaction with income (P for interaction = 0.008), and additional interaction analysis suggested that increasing income could partially mitigate the detrimental effects of early-life famine exposure. Furthermore, experiencing famine in severely affected regions exacerbated the risk of aging (OR = 1.41, 95%CI: 1.21–1.63). Conclusion Exposure to famine in utero or during childhood may elevate the risk of midlife aging among exposed individuals, and these relationships are influenced by the severity of famine exposure. Increasing income may also help mitigate these effects.Trial registration: Kailuan study, ChiCTRTNRC11001489. Registered July 19, 2015 Retrospectively registered, https//www.chictr.org.cn/showprojEN.html?proj=8050&u_atoken=af46a0dee8d73f320bb5459ab7bbcfa9&u_asig=1a0c381017255295896468605e00cf .

Nanotechnology-based approaches for targeted drug delivery for the treatment of respiratory tract infections

Background: Nanotechnology has emerged as a promising field for the diagnosis, monitoring, and treatment of respiratory tract infections (RTIs). By leveraging the unique properties of nanoscale delivery systems, nanotechnology can significantly enhance the selectivity and efficacy of antimicrobials, thereby reducing off-target effects. Objective: This review explores the development and application of targeted nanosystems in combating viral, bacterial, and fungal RTIs. Nanotechnology-based systems, including biological and non-biological nanoparticles, offer innovative solutions for overcoming antimicrobial resistance, improving drug bioavailability, and minimizing systemic side effects. RTIs are a leading cause of morbidity and mortality globally, particularly affecting vulnerable populations such as children, the elderly, and immunocompromised individuals. Traditional drug delivery methods face numerous challenges, such as rapid clearance, poor tissue penetration, and drug degradation. Nanoparticle-based delivery systems address these issues by enhancing tissue penetration, providing sustained drug release, and enabling targeted delivery to infection sites. These systems include liposomal delivery, polymeric nanoparticles, dendrimers, and metal-based nanoparticles, each offering unique advantages in treating RTIs. Nanotechnology also plays a crucial role in vaccine development by offering new strategies to enhance immune responses and improve antigen delivery. Furthermore, the review discusses the clinical translation and regulatory considerations for nanotechnology-based drug delivery, emphasizing the need for rigorous testing and quality control to ensure safety and efficacy. Conclusion: Nanotechnology offers promising advancements in the treatment, and prevention of RTIs by enhancing drug delivery and efficacy. By addressing challenges such as antimicrobial resistance and poor tissue penetration, nanotechnology-based systems have the potential to significantly improve patient outcomes.

The risk of chronic kidney disease or proteinuria with long or short sleep duration: a systematic review and meta-analysis of cohort studies.

Irregular sleep duration has been linked with systemic diseases as well as chronic kidney disease (CKD). However, most of the evidence is low-quality and from cross-sectional data. We hereby present a meta-analysis of cohort studies examining the longitudinal association between short and long sleep with the risk of CKD or proteinuria. Databases of Embase, PubMed, CENTRAL, Web of Science, and Scopus were searched up to 5th April 2024. The risk of CKD/proteinuria was assessed with short or long sleep duration. Nine studies were included. Both short and long sleep duration were associated with a mild increase in the risk of CKD/proteinuria. Based on different cutoffs for short sleep, we noted that sleep of ≤ 7h was not associated with a significantly increased risk of CKD/proteinuria. A mild significant risk was noted in the subgroup of ≤ 6h while a significant association was noted for sleep ≤ 5h. For longer sleep duration, individuals with ≥ 8h of sleep had an increased risk of CKD/proteinuria. However, the results were non-significant for individuals with ≥ 9h of sleep. Non-significant results were noted for separate analyses on male, female, high body mass index, and elderly (≥ 60years) individuals. Both short and long sleep durations are associated with a significant increase in the risk of CKD/proteinuria in the adult population.

Use of the international classification of functioning, disability and health in a group of older persons with osteoarticular disorders

Objective: to describe the main structural and functional impairments, activity limitations, and social participation restrictions in elderly individuals with myoarticular dysfunctions using the International Classification of Functioning, Disability, and Health (ICF). Methods: a descriptive, cross-sectional, and retrospective study based on the analysis of clinical and functional data of elderly individuals with osteomyoarticular dysfunctions. A questionnaire including components of Functionality and Disability (ICF, 2004), mobility and stability (Timed Up and Go), lower limb muscle strength (Sit-To-Stand Test), and pain (visual analog scale) was used. Results: a total of 11 elderly individuals (70±1.4 years) with at least two comorbidities (100%) were included, with the majority reporting episodes of falls (54.5%). Pain was the primary complaint in "Body functions," reported by all participants. In "Body structures," the lower limbs (45.4%) and upper limbs (18.1%) had the highest prevalence of complaints. In "Activities and Participation," the most frequently mentioned items were performing housework tasks (31.8%), moving around (31.8%), and recreation and leisure (27.3%). Conclusion: among the ICF components, pain sensation was the most common finding in elderly individuals, especially affecting the lower limbs. Regarding activity limitations and social participation restrictions, performing housework tasks, moving around, and recreation/leisure were prevalent.

Satisfaction with Life Among Elderly Participants in Active Maturity Groups: A Comparative Study with Institutionalized and Community Elderly Individuals

Objective: To compare levels of life satisfaction among three distinct groups of elderly individuals: those residing within the community, those in institutional care, and those engaged in an active aging program. Additionally, to explore the factors associated with this measure of well-being within each group. Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted from September 2022 to May 2023. Participants aged 60 years or older were recruited from three groups: community-dwelling individuals, those in institutional settings, and participants in an active aging program. Data collection included sociodemographic variables, self-rated general health status, duration of sedentary behavior, levels of intrinsic religiosity, feelings of hope, and degrees of social isolation. The primary outcome assessed was life satisfaction. Results: The study included 305 elderly individuals: 115 (37.7%) from the active aging program, 119 (39.0%) from the community, and 71 (23.3%) institutionalized individuals. Institutionalized participants were older, engaged in longer durations of sedentary behavior, had lower educational attainment, and reported poorer health perceptions. Multiple linear regression analysis revealed that hope, social isolation, and self-rated health were significantly associated with life satisfaction. Conclusion: The findings highlighted the importance of hope, social support, and self-rated health as primary determinants of life satisfaction among the elderly. Contrary to the initial hypothesis, group affiliation (community, active aging program, or institutionalized) did not emerge as a significant factor, suggesting the need for personalized, person-centered approaches to optimize elderly well-being.

Relationship between big five personality and health literacy in elderly patients with chronic diseases: the mediating roles of family communication and self-efficacy

The significance of health literacy for elderly individuals with chronic illnesses lies in managing and delaying disease development, which is affected by personal and environmental factors. Family communication can provide an emotional support environment; self-efficacy is an important factor of subjective initiative and personality. A relatively persistent thinking and behavior pattern can affect the environment, subjective initiative, and individual health outcomes. This study aims to explore the effects of the Big Five personality traits on the health literacy of elderly individuals with chronic illnesses and to hypothesize that family communication and self-efficacy mediate the Big Five personalities and health literacy. A cross-sectional study of 2251 elderly individuals with chronic diseases was conducted through nationwide random quota sampling. The structural equation model was used to explore the mediating role of family communication and self-efficacy between the Big Five personality and health literacy. Family communication played a simple mediating role in the influence of extraversion, agreeableness, conscientiousness, and neuroticism on health literacy. Self-efficacy played a simple mediating role in the influence of the Big Five personalities on health literacy. Self-efficacy and family communication played a chain mediating role between extraversion, agreeableness, conscientiousness, neuroticism, and health literacy. Nurses can enhance the health literacy of elderly individuals with chronic illnesses with extraversion, agreeableness, conscientiousness, and neuroticism through family communication and self-efficacy while promoting the health literacy of those with openness through self-efficacy.

Traumatic brain injury (TBI): Is there anything we can do? A review

Introduction Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is considered a global health crisis. It results in injury to the brain from an external impact leading to severe disability, with higher incidence statistics recently observed in young adults and elderly individuals. Purpose The review aims to analyze current research findings explaining the prevalence, incidence, and demographics of such injuries stressing the need for enhanced prevention and management techniques. The pathophysiology involves a complex cascade of biochemical and cellular events, which results in necrotic-apoptotic neuronal cell death. Method The review synthesizes current research on TBI, highlighting epidemiological data, advanced diagnostics, and effective rehabilitation strategies like physical and cognitive therapy. Findings Traumatic Brain Injury is an important public health issue with high morbidity and mortality rates causing extreme damage to a person, such as comas, catatonic states for various years, or lifelong injury or demolition. Early diagnostic imaging techniques include CT, MRI, advanced neuroimaging methods, and blood-based biomarkers. In the acute setting, initial management is directed toward stabilizing and preventing secondary injuries and early mobilization. The goals of rehabilitation are to promote the highest level of functional independence and physical function, cognitive functions, and social integration. Conclusion This review highlights that the use of new rehabilitation technologies, such as VR-based and robot-assisted therapies, might lead to improved recovery. Long-term supportive care combined with community integration is mandatory for enhancing quality of life. A systematic multidisciplinary team approach and family support are needed for traumatic brain injury survivors.