Extraction Of Indium Research Articles

Extraction of cobalt, iron, indium and zinc from sea water by means of the trifluoroacetylacetone-toluene system

Iron, indium, cobalt and zinc may be completely and rapidly extracted in a single extraction with an equal volume of toluene-trifluoroacetylacetone (0.1 M) for Fe and In, and toluene-trifluoroacetylacetone (0.1 M)-isobutylamine (0.4 M) for Co and Zn. A 90% extraction or indium is obtained with an aqueous/organic volume ratio of 20, and a 88.5% extraction for iron with a volume ratio of 40. There is a deviation of the iron and indium extraction curves from seawater compared with the theoretical trivalent metal curves; this is attributed to the high concentration of halogen ions in seawater, which makes seawater a superior medium for solvent extraction.

The Behavior of Indium(III) Complexes in Several Distribution Systems. II. The Extraction of Indium(III) Halide and Thiocyanate Complexes into 4-Methyl-2-Pentanone, 4-Methyl-2-Pentanol, or Nitrobenzene

Abstract The solvent extraction of indium(III) from a bromide, iodide, or thiocyanate solution into 4-methyl-2-pentanone(MIBK), 4-methyl-2-pentanol(hexol), or nitrobenzene was determined by using a 114mIn tracer. The extraction was, in general, most effective with MIBK and poorest with nitrobenzene, except from iodide solutions. The extraction with a certain solvent was always better from iodide solutions than from bromide solutions. The extraction from thiocyanate solutions was better than that from iodide solutions in some cases, but it was poorer in other cases, and it was better than that from bromide solutions except with nitrobenzene. Furthermore, it was found that the distribution ratio, determined as a function of the ligand concentration, was always poorer when the aqueous phase contained only the sodium salt of these ligands than when it was 4m Na(X, ClO4) (where X denotes the ligand anion). The extractions from 4m Na(X, C1O4) were analyzed by using the stability constants for the indium complexes with these ligands in the aqueous phase, and the extraction equilibria were determined. From these results, it was concluded that these polar solvents extract not only the uncharged complex, InX3, but also the cationic and/or anionic indium complexes as ion-pairs, with the oppositely charged ions in the background salt, and that, in some cases, the solvent extracts only charged indium species. Thus, the difference in the distribution ratio in the presence and in the absence of the background sodium perchlorate was concluded to be caused not only by the change in the activities due to the change in the total salt concentration, but also by the extraction of ion-pairs of charged indium(III) species, which should be very much enhanced by the presence of the bulk perchlorate.

Solvent extraction and spectrophotometric determination of indium (III) with Pyrocatechol Violet

インジウム(III)-ピロカテコールバイオレット(PV)のキレートは,セチルピリジニウムクロライド(CPC)の存在のもとに,1-ブタノールによく抽出されるので,これを微量のインジウム(III)の光度定量に応用した.抽出キレートは600mμ付近に吸収の極大をもち,抽出相の吸光度は水相のpHを6.2～8.0にしたとき最大かつ一定値となる.さらにPV,CPCの濃度など基礎的諸条件を求めた.その結果,インジウムが0.6～9.2μg/20mlの範囲で有機相の吸光度との間によい直線関係が得られた.抽出されたキレートの組成は,インジウム(III):PV:CPCが1:2:2であり,そのモル吸光係数は600mμにおいて約72,000である.吸光度0.001に対する感度は0.0016μg/cm2である.

Extraction of indium with capric acid

Partition of indium was carried out at 25°C between water and benzene containing capric acid, the total concentration of indium and that of capric acid being 5 × 10 −3 M and 0·25–1·25 M respectively. Monomeric, trimeric and hexameric indium caprates are responsible for the extraction. The compositions of these species are In R 33 HR, (In R 3 HR) 3 and (In R 2(OH)) 6 and the corresponding extraction equilibria are written as: In 3++ 3(HR) 2,0 ⇌ K ex(monomer) InR 33HR 0+ 3H + 3In 3++ 6(HR) 2,0 ⇌ K ex(monomer) InR 33HR 3,0+ 9H + 6In 3++ 6(HR) 2,0 ⇌ K ex(monomer) InR 2( OH) 6,0+ 18H + where the subscript o refers to the organic phase. The following extraction constants were obtained: log K ex(monomer) = −7·34±0·05, log K ex(trimer) = −18·6 ± 0·2 and log K ex(hexamer) = −36·1±0·2. Trimerization and hexamerization in the organic phase can be formulated as: 3InR 3+3(HR) ⇌ K trim (InR 3HR) 3+ 3(HR) 2 6InR 3+3(HR)+6 H 2O ⇌ K hexam (InR 2))OH 6+ 12(HR) 2 with the equilibrium constants of log K trim = 3·4 ± 0·4 and log K hexam = 7·9 ± 0·5 respectively.

The extraction of indium from aqueous halide and thiocyanate media by solutions of liquid anion exchangers in organic solvents

The distribution of indium(III) at tracer levels between aqueous solutions containing chloride, bromide, iodide and thiocyanate ions and solutions of the corresponding tetra- n-hexylammonium salts in 1,2-dichloroethane has been studied and the composition of the extracted ion-pairs is discussed. The effect of the cations H +, Li + and Na + on extractions from chloride media is reported, together with the results of changing the organic solvent when indium is extracted from hydrochloric acid by solutions of tri- n-hexylamine hydrochloride.

Metallextraktion mit aliphatischen ketonen

The extractability of a series of elements from hydrochloric acid solutions with ethyl methyl ketone, methyl propyl ketone and ethyl butyl ketone was investigated. Quantitative extraction of molybdenum(VI), iron(III), gold(III), gallium(III), indium(III), thallium(III) and arsenic(III) was obtained. Some separatio

Determination of indium and tin by activation analysis using replacement substoichiometry

A new method for the determination of indium by activation analysis has been developed. It is based on the replacement of indium from indium dithizonate (in carbon tetrachloride) by a substoichiometric amount of aqueous mercury(II) solution. Preliminary steps are the extraction of indium from alkaline cyanide solution with an excess of dithizone solution and washing the extract with buffer solution. The time necessary for the separation is 10–20 min. With this method indium can be determined by using either short ( 116mIn, t 1 2 = 54 min) or long-lived radioisotopes ( 114mIn, t 1 2 = 50 d). As by the reaction 112Sn (n, γ ) 113Sn (119d) → 113In (104 min), indium-113m is formed, which has a different γ-spectrum from that of indium-114m, the determination of both indium and tin is possible. The proposed method has been applied to the determination of indium and tin in granite and gallium.

Mixed-metal hydroxycarboxylic acid complexes. Chromium(III) inhibition of the solvent extraction of indium(III)

Mixed-metal hydroxycarboxylic acid complexes. Chromium(III) inhibition of the solvent extraction of indium(III)

Solvent Extraction of Indium from Sulfuric Acid Solution by Long Chain Primary Amine

種々の溶媒に溶かした第一級アルキルアミン(Primene JM-T)によるインジウム(III)の抽出条件を検討し,さらにインジウム(III)と鉄(III),アルミニウム(III),亜鉛(II)との分離について検討を行なった。インジウム(III)は0.5N以下の希薄な硫酸溶液から定量的に抽出され,その抽出率は硫酸濃度の増加とともに急激に減少する。溶媒としてはクロロホルム,四塩化炭素がもっともすぐれている。鉄(III)はインジウム(III)と同様に抽出されるが,L-アスコルビン酸あるいはヒドロキシルアミン硫酸塩を用いて鉄(II)に還元するとまったく抽出されない。アルミニウム(III),亜鉛(II)はともに硫酸溶液から抽出されない。これらの結果をもとにインジウム(III)を鉄(III),アルミニウム(III),亜鉛(II)から定量的に分離することが可能である。

The solvent extraction of indium(III) with carboxylic acids

The extractions of l0 -5–10 -7 M indium, from aqueous 0.1 M sodium perchlorate solutions into various organic media containing different concentrations of monocarboxylic acids and into pure monocarboxylic acids have been studied. Both saturated and unsaturated acids have been employed; the number of carbons in the acids was l–18. Detailed studies of one of the better systems, hexanoic acid in chloroform, have been carried out, the system has been described with a general overall equation, and identifications of the major species have been proposed.

Formation of mixed complexes in the extraction of indium with 1-(2-pyridylazo)-2-naphthol

A detailed study has been made of the extraction of indium into chloroform by 1-(2-pyridylazo)-2-naphthol (PAN). The rate of extraction is maximal if the PAN is added to the aqueous phase and is not added as its chloroform solution. The ratio of indium to PAN is 1:1 and the cationic complex can be extracted only if a suitable anion is present, such as acetate or chloride.

Solvent extraction and separation of gallium(III), indium(III), and thallium(III) with tributylphosphate

A systematic study has been made of the solvent extraction behaviour of milligram amounts of gallium(III), indium(III), and thallium(III) with TBP from hydrochloric acid, and of thallium(III) from nitric acid, sulphuric acid and buffer solutions of different pH. The effect of the metal ion concentration, acid concentration, reagent concentration, salting-out agent, and diverse ions have been critically examined. A scheme for separation of gallium(III), indium(III), and thallium(III) from each other and for their determination is proposed.

Co-ordination compounds of indium. Part III. Indium(III) nitrate species

Indium(III) nitrate crystallises from aqueous nitric acid as In(NO3)3,3H2O, from which both anionic and cationic complexes have been obtained. No extraction of indium from aqueous nitric acid was detected with either methyldioctylamine or tri-n-butyl phosphate. The thermal decomposition of In(NO3)3,3H2O is a two-step process, finally yielding In2O3.

The Extraction of Gallium and Indium with Methyl Isobutylketone

ガリウムおよびインジウムについて,各種酸性溶液からメチルイソプチルケトンによる抽出の基礎実験を行なった。ガリウム(II)またはインジウム(III)の10mgを含む塩酸溶液または他の酸を添加した混酸溶液にメチルイソブチルケトンを加えて抽出し,水溶液層中に残ったガリウムまたはイソジウムをそれぞれオキシン法で光度定量して抽出率を求めた。ガリウム(II)は塩酸溶液の濃度6～8Nで抽出を行なえば100%の抽出率が得られる。また塩酸に硝酸,硫醗または過塩素酸をおのおの適当の割合で添加した混酸を用いると,比較的塩酸の濃度が低くても高い抽出率が得られ,とくに過塩素酸の添加は抽出率を高める。イソジウム(II)は,塩酸の濃度が8N付近で抽出すれば95.6%の抽出率を示す。また硫酸を適当な割合で添加した混酸を用いると99.0%の抽出率を示すが,硝酸および過塩素酸の存在は,抽出率を低下させる傾向がある。

Liquid-liquid extraction of indium and gallium from potassium iodide-sulfuric acid solutions with high molecular weight amines and the separation of the metals from each other

高分子量アミンによるインジウムのハロゲン化水素酸溶液からの抽出率は,塩酸<臭化水素酸<ヨウ化水素酸(不安定のためヨウ化カリウム-硫酸を使用)の順に増大するのに対して,ガリウムの抽出率は,それと逆の傾向となることが,著者らの実験により示された.そこで,ヨウ化カリウム-硫酸系から高分子量アミンでインジウムとガリウムをそれぞれ定量的に分離するたこめの実験条件について検討してみたこ.Amberlite LA-1キシレン溶液を用いてインジウムを抽出する場合,アミンのヨウ化物のほうが遊離アミンよりも抽出率が高く,また硫酸濃度はあまり抽出率に影響がないが,アミン濃度とヨウ化カリウム濃度はインジウム量の増加とともに増す必要がある.なお,第2アミンよりも第3アミン(たことえば,トリ-n-オクチルアミンなど)を使用すると,いっそうインジウムの抽出率が高く,しかもガリウムのそれは低いので好結果が期待される.インジウムとガリウムの合成試料および実際試料について実験したところよい結果が得られた.

Radiochemical Evaluation of Solvent Extraction of Indium as the Bromide at High Concentrations

Extractions of In in concentrations of 0.1 to 0.7 M from 4.5 N HBr were made with 2-pentanone and diethyl ether. A single extraction with 2-pentanone gave the highest extraction efficiency at 0.3 M In over the range of 0.3 to 0.6 M. At all conoentrations 2-pentanone was a better extraction solvent than diethyl ether. (M.C.G.)

Spectrophotometric determination of microgram quantities of indium in uranium and thorium metals and their salts

A method based on dithizone extraction and determination of indium in the range of 0 1 to l0 p p,m in reactor gracde uranium and thorium samples is described Sodium thiosulphatc is uscd as a, complexing agent for removing interference by lead and bismuth

Untersuchungen zur extraktiven trennung von gallium und indium mit verschiedenen lösungsmitteln

The influence of the organic solvent on the indium-gallium separation from iodinecontaining aqueous solutions has been investigated. The known extraction of indium with ether can be considerably improved by using higher ketones. The extraction with cyclohexanone is especially effective. Even at very small iodide concentrations and low acidity the separation factor is greater than 10 4. The alkaline earths, aluminium and iron can be separated from indium in a single extraction by the same procedure. Indium is extracted by cyclohexanone as the tetraiodo-indate, (InI 4) −.

The polarographic determination of indium in zinc-base alloys : General introduction. the application of the linear sweep cathode ray polarograph

The problems relating to the polarographic determination of trace amounts of indium in zinc and zinc-base alloys, especially mazak, are discussed and literature relating to the extraction and polarography of indium is briefly summarised. A method for the determination of indium using the linear-sweep cathode ray polarograph is presented and certain aspects are discussed.

479. The extraction of indium from hydrobromic acid into mixed organic solvents

479. The extraction of indium from hydrobromic acid into mixed organic solvents