Indispensable Characteristics Research Articles

Evaluación de la Seguridad de Certificados Digitales en las Plataformas Financieras de Ecuador

This article presents a diagnosis of the application of digital certificates in the virtual banking services of Ecuador. The importance of this topic is based on the increasing attacks on electronic services of financial platforms in the region and the world, due to the exploitation of vulnerabilities discovered by cybercriminals in the weak application of cipher suites. The objective of the research is to show the level of security of these online banking portals (individuals), in the applicability of SSL/TLS protocols, with their respective cipher suites on the server side. Eighteen financial entities were analyzed using the online tool SSL Server Test by Qualys SSL Labs. It was found that 20% of the analyzed banking entities show weaknesses in the applicability of digital certificates, which could lead to cyberattacks on these virtual platforms during the client/server communication process over the internet. Confidentiality, integrity, and availability of data are indispensable characteristics of information security that a user should receive in the virtual banking service. Additionally, this work reviews the recommendations for the use of digital certificates according to the regulations issued by the IETF through the respective RFCs.

Investigating indispensable characteristics of Boehmeria nivea and Agave sisalana fiber–reinforced epoxy hybrid composites for particle board applications

Investigating indispensable characteristics of Boehmeria nivea and Agave sisalana fiber–reinforced epoxy hybrid composites for particle board applications

Polymeric Binder Design for Sustainable Lithium-Ion Battery Chemistry.

The design of binders plays a pivotal role in achieving enduring high power in lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) and extending their overall lifespan. This review underscores the indispensable characteristics that a binder must possess when utilized in LIBs, considering factors such as electrochemical, thermal, and dispersion stability, compatibility with electrolytes, solubility in solvents, mechanical properties, and conductivity. In the case of anode materials, binders with robust mechanical properties and elasticity are imperative to uphold electrode integrity, particularly in materials subjected to substantial volume changes. For cathode materials, the selection of a binder hinges on the crystal structure of the cathode material. Other vital considerations in binder design encompass cost effectiveness, adhesion, processability, and environmental friendliness. Incorporating low-cost, eco-friendly, and biodegradable polymers can significantly contribute to sustainable battery development. This review serves as an invaluable resource for comprehending the prerequisites of binder design in high-performance LIBs and offers insights into binder selection for diverse electrode materials. The findings and principles articulated in this review can be extrapolated to other advanced battery systems, charting a course for developing next-generation batteries characterized by enhanced performance and sustainability.

Applications of conjunctive complex fuzzy subgroups to Sylow theory

<abstract><p>Sylow's theorems are fundamental theorems in classical group theory that are of paramount importance. The extension of these theorems into diverse fuzzy contexts emerges as a compelling area of exploration. This study introduces the novel concept of the conjunctive complex fuzzy conjugate element within the conjunctive complex fuzzy subgroup of a group, elucidating numerous crucial properties of this concept. Additionally, it propounds the notion of the conjunctive complex fuzzy <italic>p</italic>-subgroup within the conjunctive complex fuzzy subgroup (CCFSG) and delineates various indispensable characteristics associated with this construct. Additionally, the paper formulates the conjunctive complex fuzzy version of the Cauchy theorem for finite groups. Lastly, it defines the concept of the conjunctive complex fuzzy Sylow <italic>p</italic>-subgroup for a finite group and conducts a generalization of Sylow's theorems within a conjunctive complex fuzzy environment.</p></abstract>

Thermal atomic layer deposition of ternary Ge-S-Se alloy for advanced ovonic threshold switch selectors in three-dimensional cross-point memory array

Two-terminal ovonic threshold switch (OTS) selectors based on chalcogenide alloys have attracted significant attention as alternatives to conventional silicon-based transistors. These selectors offer outstanding features that enable the mass production of three-dimensional cross-point arrays for advanced memory technologies. In this study, we developed a thermal atomic layer deposition (ALD) process for ternary Ge-S-Se alloys. By utilizing ALD super-cycles of Ge-Se and Ge-S, a broad range of film compositions can be achieved. We investigated the electrical characteristics and film properties of the deposited films, with a focus on their smooth surfaces and excellent conformality, which are indispensable characteristics for future vertical cross-point structures. By incorporating S into the Ge-Se film via an ALD super-cycle, we achieved a significant reduction in off-current of Ge0.50S0.15Se0.35 to approximately 35 nA. Additionally, the thermal stability of Ge0.50S0.15Se0.35 film is enhanced up to 420 ℃ due to the higher bandgap and shorter bonding length of S, exhibiting a cyclic endurance of more than 5 × 107. This research not only provides insight into the control of the film composition to improve and modify device characteristics but also constructs a foundation of ALD-based OTS research on ternary Ge-S-Se for a future X-point memory application.

Структурно-полевой подход к синтаксической фразеологии русского языка. Часть 2

The paper deals with the problems of the structural field approach to the study of linguistic phenomena. The foundations for building a field theory in the grammatical structure of language were laid by V. G. Admoni in his works on the theoretical grammar of German. Effectively, the same approach can be applied to any language phenomena as it has a number of advantages over classifications involving the distribution of objects in the systems of level hierarchy. This paper demonstrates the advantages of the structural field approach and possibilities. The author’s aim is to study the field of syntactic phraseological phenomena (phraseme constructions), identifying its core, centre, periphery, and adjacent fields, as well as describing the advantages of this method of studying linguistic phenomena. Phraseme constructions belong to the linguistic system and occupy an important place in the grammar of constructions. They are constantly reproduced and filled in speech with concrete vocabulary, stable syntactic models retrieved from memory not elementally, but entirely, and having idiomatic character (the meaning of the filled model cannot be deduced if one does not know the structure of the model and its meaning even before any filling). The properties, namely: polyelementality, reproducibility, stable syntactic structure, idiomaticity and fillability in speech, are indispensable characteristics of the phenomenon described herein: deprived of at least one of them, a phraseological construction ceases to be one. However, phraseme constructions have a larger, typical set of characteristics. In this paper, they are considered from the perspective of an increase and decrease in these characteristics, which allows us to study phraseological constructions as a field whose structure is determined by multiple axes. The structural field approach frees scholars from the need to make clear distinctions between linguistic phenomena with similar functionality on different levels if they have several, divergent typical, basic features of its concrete application through the example of the field of syntactic phraseology.

Структурно-полевой подход к синтаксической фразеологии русского языка. Часть I

The paper deals with the problems of the structural-field approach to the study of linguistic phenomena. The foundations for building a field theory in the grammatical structure of language were laid by V. G. Admoni in his works on the theoretical grammar of German. Effectively, the same approach can be applied to any language phenomenon as it has a number of advantages over classifications involving the distribution of objects in systems of level hierarchy. The paper demonstrates the advantages and possibilities of the structural-field approach. It aims at studying the field of syntactic phraseological phenomena (phraseme constructions), identifying its core, centre, periphery, and adjacent fields. Phraseme constructions belong to the linguistic system and occupy an important place in construction grammar. They are constantly reproduced in spoken language and filled in with concrete vocabulary. They are stable syntactic models of idiomatic character that are retrieved from memory as whole entities rather than by separate units (the meaning of a filled model cannot be deduced without prior knowledge of its structure and its semantics per se). The properties, namely polyelementality, reproducibility, stable syntactic structure, idiomaticity, fillability in speech, are indispensable characteristics of the phenomenon described herein: deprived of at least one of them, a construction ceases to be a phraseme. However, phraseme constructions have a larger, typical set of characteristics. In this paper, they are viewed from the perspective of an increase and decrease of these characteristics, making the study of phraseological constructions as a field whose structure is determined by multiple axes possible. The structural-field approach waives the need to make clear distinctions between linguistic phenomena with similar functionality at different levels. The use of the field approach and its methodological advantages are explained through the example of the field of syntactic phraseology.

Research on the business model of Financing of Capitalized Carbon Quota based on blockchain intelligent integrated energy management and control system

The carbon emission trading in China is mainly managed by a centralized system, with too much administrative intervention and a lack transparent trading information. This has led to the inactivity of the carbon trading market. To innovate the carbon market in China and help small and medium-sized carbon reduction enterprises to achieve the “dual carbon” target, the essay firstly launches a research on the intelligent integrated energy control system (including data uploaded to blockchain, data capitalization and carbon pool bank) based on the low-concentration gas treatment project of Shizuishan abandoned coalmine. The system solves the problems of non-transparent data utilization of abandoned coalmine gas and launches the full life circle carbon trace management mechanism for carbon emission and trading. Secondly, based on the energy control system, the Financing of Capitalized Carbon Quota by Blockchain (FCCQB) business model has been proposed for the first time in China to solve the problem of financing difficulties, lack of financing channels and inadequate policy support for small and medium-sized carbon reduction enterprises. The carbon trading market has achieved interconnectivity and high efficiency by the traceable and indispensable characteristics of blockchain. Besides, the FCCQB business model can be promoted in various industrial parks and enterprise gathering areas across the country.

Insight aerodynamic analysis on small‐scale wind turbines airfoils for low Reynolds number applications

AbstractThe selection of low Reynolds number airfoils for the application of small wind turbine rotor that results in greater rotor performance to the given operating condition is monotonous process. The 16 low Reynolds number airfoils specially developed for small‐scale wind turbine applications were shortlisted to determine the optimum set of airfoils for designing the 3 bladed and 2.25 m radius rotor with the tip speed ratio of 7. Numerical studies were conducted using subsonic airfoil design and analysis solver XFOIL. The aforesaid analysis was done for the Reynolds number of 49,637, 72,801, 115,820, 132,366, and 169,869, which are calculated from the velocity triangle for the subsequent free stream wind speed of 3, 4, 5, 6, and 7 m/s that represents the urban wind condition of India. The indispensable characteristics to improve the performance of wind turbines such as maximum lift to drag ratio, insensitivity to optimum angle of attack over a range of Reynolds numbers and linear transition locations are present in SD7037, E193, SD7032, A18, E387, SD7062, E193MOD, S1210, and S1223 airfoils. Detailed investigation on the aerodynamic characteristics and the effect of laminar separation bubble (LSB) on each airfoils would be helpful to identify the airfoils which needed to be studied for the further improvement of performances through grooving and gurney flaps.

On the Cybernetics of Crowdsourcing Innovation: A Process Model

For small and medium-sized enterprises and large enterprises alike, crowdsourcing innovation has become an important element of a product’s whole life cycle. It is the open call process of soliciting consumers to harvest and evaluate ideas or other intellectual assets. The previous proposed taxonomic framework for charactering this process is mainly for general crowdsourcing process and summarized by empirical study. The purpose of this paper is to propose a conceptual model for crowdsourcing innovation from a cybernetic and knowledge management perspective by normative research. The authors performed a normative study and deduced five systemic characteristics from the general laws of control system that guarantee ongoing efficiency for the innovation process. The normative research results provide two key contributions. Firstly, general control laws deduce five indispensable characteristics, and they reveal the intrinsic mechanism of crowdsourcing innovation: the knowledge flow controls, which are also the connotation of open innovation. Secondly, the authors have analyzed a five-characteristics system model and tested the model in several classical cases to show the design tricks of cases. This study provides a new conceptual framework that integrates the theory of open innovation and cybernetics to provide a new view of crowdsourcing innovation process design. In practice, this framework guides managers through the design criteria needed to implement a success crowdsourcing process.

Biodentine® y su uso en dentición temporal. Revisión de la literatura

La biocompatibilidad y bioactividad se han convertido en características casi imprescindibles en cualquier material de uso dental. De manera reciente disponemos del Biodentine®. Se trata de un cemento con altas propiedades físico-mecánicas que comenzó a ser comercializado en el 2009 y fue especialmente diseñado como sustituto dentinario. Para la odontopediatría, esta búsqueda de nuevos materiales eficaces, resistentes y biocompatibles es especialmente importante en algunos tratamientos como la pulpotomía en los que los fármacos clásicamente utilizados, como el formocresol, han sido apartados del uso clínico por su potencial tóxico. Debido, por un lado, a un mayor uso del Biodentine® en la clínica dental, especialmente en el tratamiento odontopediátrico, y por otro, a la mayor producción científica al respecto, se ha creído conveniente realizar esta revisión de la literatura con el objetivo de recoger de manera sistematizada el conocimiento actualizado sobre este material y su empleo en odontopediatría.

Study of the supercapacitive activity of a Eu-MOF as an electrode material

High surface area and redox activity are indispensable characteristics for a material to be considered as an electrode material in pseudocapacitors.

Groundwater Exploration in Aaba Residential Area of Akure, Nigeria

Groundwater plays a fundamental role in human life. Despite its indispensable characteristics, it is unfortunate that groundwater is often associated with low yield. The expanding demand for water and the cost involved in drilling boreholes therefore require the application and the proper use of groundwater investigation techniques to locate high yielding aquifers. A geophysical investigation involving an electrical resistivity method using a Schlumberger electrode array was conducted around Aaba residential area, a basement terrain of southwestern Nigeria. Sixteen Vertical Electrical Sounding (VES) stations were applied across the study area using a maximum current electrode separation of 100 m. The geoelectrical imaging from this study revealed that the lithologies are divided into topsoil, lateritic soil, Sandy clay/ clayey sand/ clay/ weathered rock and the bedrock. Subsurface geoelectrical maps (overburden thickness, weathered layer isothickness, weathered layer isoresistivity, bedrock relief, bedrock resistivity and correlations from geoelectric sections) were used to generate information about the groundwater potential of the study area. It was inferred that the eastern (VESs 1, 2, 8, 10 and 11) and the southwestern (VESs 13 and 14) regions are associated with high groundwater yield. Boreholes can be drilled to an average depth of 22.0 m (72.6 ft) on these axes. The groundwater potential of the northern (VES 5), central (VES 9), and southern (VES 12) parts of the study area were inferred to be of medium potential. The borehole drilling along these axes can be extended to the depth of 30.0 m (99.0 ft), with medium groundwater yield. However, the northeastern (VES 3 and VES 4) and the western (VESs 6, 7, 15, and 16) zones are characterized by low groundwater potential. This present study has been able to detect the drillable zones and depths for optimum groundwater yield in a crystalline terrain of Aaba residential area, Akure using VES. The resistivity sounding is efficient in characterization of aquifers for groundwater exploration.

In Vitro Characterization of Lactic Acid Bacteria Isolated from Bovine Milk as Potential Probiotic Strains to Prevent Bovine Mastitis.

Bovine mastitis causes economic losses on dairy farms worldwide. Lactic acid bacteria (LAB) in animal health are an alternative tool to avoid antibiotic therapy on the prevention of bovine mastitis. In previous studies, 12 LAB isolated from bovine milk were selected taking into account some of the following characteristics: hydrophobicity, auto aggregative capability, inhibition of indicator pathogens, hydrogen peroxide, and capsular polysaccharide production. These LAB were considered because of their beneficial properties. In this work, we also analyzed the antimicrobial activity and the co-aggregation against mastitis causing bacteria, auto-inhibition, adhesion to bovine teat canal epithelial cells (BTCEC), and growth kinetic curves for the 12 LAB. Two of them, Lactococcus lactis subsp. lactis CRL 1655 and Lactobacillus perolens CRL 1724, were selected because they had an interesting pattern of adhesion to BTEC, the inhibition of pathogens and the co-aggregation with the 100% of the assayed pathogens. They showed a predictable difference in the PFGE genomic pattern bands. The kinetic growth of these two strains was similar between them and with the rest of the assayed LAB. The strains selected in the present study showed indispensable characteristics for their inclusion in a probiotic formulation to be used at dry-off period for the prevention of bovine mastitis.

全球伦理与国际话语权 / Global Ethics and International Discourse Power

Global ethics is based on the accumulation and integration of ethnical awareness, social norms, and related traditions which are shared by different societies, interrelated through the universally-accepted values and morals of global society which apply in international affairs. The equal and open interaction of international actors, along with the common engagement of the construction of global ethics, are the rational basis for the existence and evolution of the so-called “human community”. Global ethics also provides the basis for legitimacy and boundaries for discourse competition among international actors, offers feasibility and probability to their respective discourse practices, and allows the dodging of the “fatigue of community” caused by sustained conflicts. The content of global ethics is mainly composed of three indispensable characteristics: the ethic of responsibility, the ethic of justice, and the ethic of dialogue. Finally, the appeals of the power of discourse is inseparable from the cultivation and promotion of those ethical orientations.

Doni gerarchici e carismatici: il primato della comunione nel cammino storico-spirituale del Movimento dei Focolari alla luce della Lettera Iuvenescit Ecclesia

In the light of the criteria of ecclesiality indicated by the Letter Iuvenescit Ecclesia for the discernment of new movements and communities, the essay goes through the historical events of one of the most well-known and widerspread ecclesial realities of our times: the Focolare Movement (or Work of Mary). Dwelling upon the period in which it was being studied by the Holy See, one can understand how the charism of Chiara Lubich made its way in a difficult and arduous manner. From the documents – of high spiritual value – what emerges clearly are two indispensable characteristics of an authentically ecclesial reality: the unconditional adhesion to the cross and the strong communion with the Church.

A Brief Take on the Australian Novel

A Brief Take on the Australian Novel

Performance analysis of modified tent map interleaver in IDMA systems

Abstract In the last years, Interleave Division Multiple Access (IDMA) has been presented as a potential alternate of Code Division Multiple Access (CDMA) system. In IDMA systems, the interleavers are used to separate the users of the system in multiple access environments. Random interleaver is popular and basic taxonomy, which scrambles information bits of craving users with different patterns. However the indispensable characteristics of a random interleaver such as bandwidth requirement, computational complexity, and memory restraint at both transmitter and receiver end is uttermost. Further, it has also been observed that the study of role of chaos in interleaver design is very limited in literature. Hence, in this paper, a low complexity chaos based interleaver named as modified Tent map interleaver is designed for further performance improvement of IDMA system and the characteristic parameters are compared with the random interleaver. The IDMA system model uses a BPSK modulation and repetition coder with a code rate of 1/2. The system is simulated in MATLAB and results show that the better BER performance without the need of extra memory resources.

The Use of Maximum Strength Measures as a Predictor of Rapid Force Production and Strength Endurance

The ability to produce force rapidly and to maintain it is essential to sports performance. Although rapid force production and endurance are indispensable characteristics of optimal health and performance, assessing these qualities of strength is difficult because of clinician time constraints. The purpose of this study was to determine if peak force is a predictor of rate of force production and strength endurance. The results indicated peak force is a predictor of rate of force development, but not strength endurance. Clinicians should assess both maximum strength and endurance to gain a more complete picture of lower extremity strength deficits.

Atividade pastoral: alguns princípios éticos presentes no Documento de Aparecida

A atividade pastoral não pode ser concebida ao sabor de cada pastor. Existe um estatuto cujas raízes se encontram na vida do Pastor Jesus. Sua prática é sempre fonte de inspiração pastoral e modelo para todos os seus seguidores. Neste sentido alguns elementos não podem ser ignorados pelos agentes de pastoral. Dentre eles destacamos: pastoral em vista da esperança; o ser humano, fonte de inspiração pastoral: exaltação da dignidade humana; unidade e diversidade, dois eixos imprescindíveis para a pastoral madura; comunidade, espaço do crescimento humano; pastoral, expressão da alegria evangélica; o olhar amoroso de Deus para com os pobres. Estes elementos não esgotam outras características imprescindíveis, mas apontam para a renovação de uma prática pastoral, desejada pelo Documento de Aparecida.