Indirect Transitions Research Articles

Evaluation of the electronic, optical, elastic, mechanical, and vibrational properties of B2O3 using hybrid functional

In this paper, the electronic, optical, elastic, mechanical, and vibrational properties of glass B2O3 have been investigated. Simulations have been carried out including the P3121 structure. Our nonlocal empirical hybrid has accurately described the electronic band structure and band gap energy [Formula: see text] of the material. Our optical absorption plot has correctly identified the type of the glass B2O3 structure. The absorption plot also shows the interband indirect transitions from the valance O 2p1 to conduction B 2p4 orbitals. We have also included the elastic constants and phonon dispersions to test the dynamic stability of the systems. Our theoretical findings bear fundamental interests in the development of complicated amorphous nanostructures.

Temperature-dependent luminescence of intrinsic defects and excitons in nanocrystalline monoclinic Y2O3 films

This work presents a comprehensive study of the optical properties of Y2O3 film with a monoclinic structure obtained by magnetron sputtering on a silica glass substrate. The parameters of band energy structure and emission characteristics of the film were determined by absorption, transmission, and photoluminescence spectroscopy. The dispersion of refractive index was established and the values of transparency gaps for direct and indirect interband transitions were determined. Optically active intrinsic centers were identified as vacancy (F - centers) and interstitial type (Oi - centers) defects, which are characterized by distribution of radiative states over activation energy of emission quenching. Luminescence in the UV and visible spectral ranges is interpreted as triplet-singlet radiative transitions in self-trapped and bound excitons. The values of thermally activated barriers for flare up and quenching of exciton luminescence are determined, and the configuration-coordinate diagram is proposed.

Even-order harmonics in the nitrogen vacancy center in diamond from intertwined intraband and interband transitions

Different from odd-order harmonics, even-order harmonics are a result of broken inversion symmetry, where the second harmonic generation has long been used in the study of surface magnetism. Their underlying mechanisms are always intriguing. Here we reveal an unreported mechanism of even harmonics from the diamond with a nitrogen-vacancy (NV) center from the viewpoint of group theory. Two different types of interband transition channels are identified. One is the direct transitions between a valence band and a conduction band, called type-I interband transition. Type II is defined as the indirect interband transitions between two conduction bands or two valence bands. Once type-II transitions are involved only through the inversion symmetry breaking, even-order harmonics occur in the NV center in diamond. The physical origin of this new type of interband transitions is rooted in group theory, where the inversion symmetry forbids type-II transitions between two valence or conduction bands with the same irreducible representation. By contrast, the broken inversion symmetry in the NV center lifts this restriction, giving rise to even-order harmonics. Our study represents a paradigm shift in high harmonic generation.

Investigate Physical Properties and Intensity of Sun Light Transmitted through Safranin/PMMA Films

To investigate the effect of safranin additions on the optical properties of PMMA hosts, films of pure and doped polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA) with various volumes of safranin (S) dye solution (6, 12, 18, 24, 30, and 35 ml) were equipped via the solution-casting method at room temperature. For an aim of assessing the kind of transition that was established to be indirect transition, these films were described using the method of UV/VIS. It showed absorption characteristic peak at 530 nm which increased with dye concentration until 24ml after that absorbance will decrease for (30 and 36) ml. The optical energy gap of polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA) was (5.0 eV) and after doping PMMA polymer with safranin dye, the energy gap value of the PMMA films raised as the volume ratio of Safranin solution raised but for volume doping 24ml of safranin solution, the energy gap reduced. The intensity of solar radiation was measured for pure PMMA and safranin /PMMA films, for four consecutive days from 7 A.M. to 5 P.M. (17 hr.), at a rate one hour. It can be concluded that the ratio of the transmitted radiation intensity to the intensity of the sun's radiation for all films is equal for every hour and for all days.

Ecofriendly synthesis and characterization of Ni2+ codoped silica magnesium zirconium copper nanoceramics for wastewater treatment applications

This article investigates the effect of Ni2+ content on structural (XRD, XPS), morphological (TEM), and magnetic behaviors of silica magnesium zirconium copper nanoceramics calcined at 800 °C. The sol–gel route is followed for the silica magnesium zirconium copper/(0.0–0.7) Ni2+ samples preparation. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy is employed to analyze the chemical states of elements for the samples. The three representative binding energy magnitudes for O, Ni, and Cu reside at 534, 857, and 979 eV, consecutively. The saturation magnetization constricts with the elevation of Ni2+ content, while the magnetic hysteresis loop resembles the superparamagnetic attitude. The optical spectra present the possibility of direct and indirect transitions in the prepared nanoceramics. Energy gap (value and type), refractive index, and real and imaginary dielectric constant were extracted. The energy gap approaches 3.75 eV and 3.71 eV for direct and indirect transitions correspondingly with (0.7) Ni2+. The antimicrobial and the toxicity performance of all inspected nanocomposites were conducted against pathogenic microbes. The attained results evidenced that SMZC-0.7Ni possesses energetic antimicrobial potential against all targeted microbes. The investigated SMZC-0.7Ni nanocomposite functioned to eradicate frequent waterborne pathogens in wastewater at an appropriate dose (100 mg/L), demonstrating that SMZC can be utilized as a competent disinfectant in the municipal wastewater decontamination process. Inherently, SMZC-0.7Ni can be employed as an excellent nano-weapon against multiple dangerous microorganisms.

Effects of the in-plane uniaxial and biaxial strains on the structural and electronic properties of the monolayer ZrS2: A first-principles investigation

The effects of in-plane uniaxial strain along both armchair direction and zigzag direction as well as symmetrical biaxial strain on the structural and electronic properties of the monolayer ZrS2 have been investigated by using first-principles calculations. It is found that firstly different from the bulk materials, the band gap type of the monolayer ZrS2 at zero strain depends on the odd (even) nature of the selected supercell, i.e. an indirect (direct) band gap is obtained for odd (even) supercell. Second, for three strain schemes the band gap value of the monolayer ZrS2 decreases quickly with increasing compressive strain but increases firstly to the maximum value and then decreases with increasing tensile strain mainly resulted from the variation of the conduction band minimum, and the compressive strain is more effective than the tensile strain in band gap engineering. Thirdly, under biaxial strain the indirect band gap of the monolayer ZrS2 increases from 0.00 eV (metal) at -10% compressive strain to the maximum value of 1.616 eV at 6% tensile strain and then decreases. Fourth, when a uniaxial strain is applied to the monolayer ZrS2 along either armchair or zigzag direction a direct to indirect band gap transition is observed at -10% compressive strain.

Newly designed borate glass system for optical and radiation shielding applications: Multiple effects of CdS on structural, magnetic, optical, mechanical and photon shielding features

In this work, a comprehensive characterization study of borate glasses coded as BBNC given with the chemical composition (65-x)B2O3+15BaTiO3+ 20Na2O + xCdS (where x = 0, 2, 4, 6, and 8 mol%) was experimentally performed. Initially, the amorphous nature of fabricated glasses was confirmed via XRD characterization. The density of the samples was measured and it was found that it increases from 2.743 to 2.912 g/cm3. Optical features of the BBNC glasses were studied using UV–Vis–NIR and it was found that the Egopt decreased for direct and indirect permissible transition, while the Urbach's energies rose from 0.154 to 0.193 eV as the CdS concentration increased. The magnetic moment and saturation magnetization of BBNC glasses were decreased with increasing CdS addition; this is due to increasing in the antiferromagnetic phase. The small coordination of CdO with respect to B2O3 caused a decrease in the elastic modulus of the glasses with increasing CdO addition. Moreover, the attenuation degree of BBNC glasses for gamma radiation was determined by examining some important shielding parameters. The BBNC8 glass was reported to have the largest MACs among manufactured glasses. The HVL values of 10.2, 9.82, 9.44, 9.16, and 8.87 cm were found for BBNC0-8 glasses at 15 MeV, respectively. The BBNC8 glass has the thinnest HVL, lowest EBFs, and EABFs, while its Zeffs are larger than other glasses. These findings show that the addition of CdS to Sodium–Barium-Borate glasses owns positive impacts on the structural, optical, magnetic, and photon shielding competencies of the glasses.

In-situ formation of Are-MXY(M = Mo, W; (X ≠ Y) = S, Se, Te) van der Waals heterostructure

Research domain of the photocatalytic water splitting and optoelectronics have received great attention in the current era of serious energy and environmental issues, because sunlight is needed only as energy input to produce oxygen and hydrogen. In present work, the hybrid first principle calculations are used to investigate the electronic structure, optical and photocatalytic response of strained Janus MXY and Arsenene (Are) monolayers, and their Are-MXY (M ​= ​Mo, W; (X ≠ Y) ​= ​S, Se, Te) van der Waals heterostructures (vdWHs). A direct to indirect bandgap transition is effectuated in induced strained MXY monolayers, while fabricating Are-MXY vdWHs. Stabilities(thermal/dynamic) of Are-MXY vdWHs are confirmed by calculating the binding energies and ab-initio molecular dynamics (AIMD) simulations. Electronic band structure calculations shows that Are-MXY vdWHs have semiconducting bandgap nature with type-I band alignment in case of the model-I of Are-MoSSe, Are-MoSTe, Are-MoSeTe, Are-WSTe and Are-WSeTe vdWH and model-II of Are-MoSeTe and Are-WSeTe vdWHs, while model-II of Are-MoSSe, Are-MoSTe, Are-WSSe and Are-WSTe vdWH show type-II band alignment. The calculations of Bader charges and electrostatic potential shows the transfer of charge from Are to MXY monolayer at the interface of Are-MXY vdWHs. Favorable positions of valence and conduction band edges of Are-MoSSe and Are-WSSe vdWH in model-II straddle redox potentials, hence, show suitability for the splitting of water at pH ​= ​0. Furthermore, absorption spectra are also investigated to understand the optical behaviour of the systems.

Optical characteristics of TeO2-boro bismuthate thin films based only on their reflectance spectra

In the current investigation, homogenous thin films from TeO2-boro-bismuthate glasses are synthesized by the thermal evaporation process. The film reflectivity, R(λ), was measured within the 0.22−2.5μm spectral range. The complex refractive index (nˇ=n+ik) and the film thicknesses were estimated with high accuracy. The increment of TeO2 was found to increase the optical gap (Eg) values, whereas the refractive index (n) decreased. The dispersion of n was explained following the Wemple–DiDomenico model. The absorption mechanism in the explored films was found to obey the allowed indirect optical transition rule. The Eg compositional dependence is analyzed based on the Tauc's slope B0.5 and the width of the localized states, which decreased with increasing TeO2 content. The other optical parameters, such as dielectric loss, the plasma frequency, dissipation factor, as well as the optical conductivity of the films, were estimated.

Microstructure and mechanical properties of laser indirect brazed titanium/steel composite joint with a CuZn filler metal

In this study, the research on the laser welding TC4 alloy and stainless steel dissimilar metals with composite welding mechanism was investigated. Dissimilar joints of TC4 alloy and stainless steel were generated by indirect laser brazing. Moreover, in order to further explored the bonding mechanism of joints, CuZn metal was used as the filler material to study the welding process of TC4 alloy and 304 stainless steel with indirect laser brazing and transition section. The filler was extruded into metal droplets due to the metal expansion during laser welding, which increased the tightness of the joint. With the increase of heat input, the reaction between the filler and the base metals on both sides was more intense. In addition, the tensile strength reached 210 MPa (41% of stainless steel) when the laser power was 624 W.

Wavelength modulation optical spectra of Ag3AsS3 crystals in the energy gap

Absorption spectra of Ag3AsS3 single crystals in E||c and E⊥c polarizations were investigated at temperatures 10 and 300 K. The edge absorption temperature dependence was analyzed in temperature range 300 - 10 K in E⊥c and E||c polarizations. Transmission spectra in crossed polarizers for single crystal plates with different thicknesses were studied. Indirect energy intervals (Eg1ind. and Eg2ind.) for both polarizations were found out in wavelength modulation transmission spectra (ΔT/Δλ) measured at 10 K. In photoluminescence spectra at 11 K an emission maximum associated with indirect excitonic transitions was discovered. Temperature dependences of photoconductivity of Au–Ag3AsS3–Au structure were researched.

Low cost novel PEO based nano-composite for semiconductor and He–Ne lasers beam attenuation: Structural and optical properties

This paper reports the synthesis of low cost polyethylene oxide (PEO) based polymer nanocomposites (PNCs) for laser beam attenuation. The experimental investigations revealed the novel optical properties and bandgap reduction of PEO upon insertion of the Pb3O4 nanofiller. The changes in structural and optical properties of the prepared PNCs were explored using the X-ray diffraction (XRD) method and the ultraviolet–visible (UV–Vis). A broad shift of absorption is evidenced upon the addition of Pb3O4 nanofiller. The optical parameter, including absorption coefficient (α), linear refractive index (n), and dielectric loss (εi), were calculated. The optical band gap reduced significantly from 5.4 eV (neat PEO) to 1.8 eV for PEO doped with 9% Pb3O4. The direct and indirect electronic transitions in pure PEO and PEO: Pb3O4 PNCs were determined based on Tauc's model. The type of electron transition is specified with the assistance of εi spectra. The nonlinear optical parameter, including first-order susceptibility (χ1), third-order susceptibility (χ³), and nonlinear refractive index (n2), were studied. In addition, Laser beam attenuation characteristics for prepared PNCs samples were investigated using both semiconductor laser and He–Ne laser. The PEO: Pb3O4 PNCs significantly attenuated the laser power for both laser systems.

Linear/nonlinear optical properties and dispersion parameters of nanocrystalline indigo organic semiconductor films

Films of indigo dye as organic semiconductors have been prepared with different thicknesses (462–885 nm) through thermal evaporation. X-ray diffraction shows a nanocrystalline structure for the films with crystallite size 10.5 ± 0.1 nm. AFM confirms the nanocrystalline structure of the prepared films. The optical properties of the indigo films have been investigated using Swanepoel's method. These films have 2 optical energy gaps (1.67 and 2.61 eV) and Urbach's energy of 0.22 eV. The refractive index has normal behavior to decrease with increasing the wavelength following the Cauchy formula and the single oscillator model. The oscillator energy E o and dispersion energy E d are 2.75 and 4.81 eV, respectively. The lattice dielectric constant ε L is 2.89 while the static dielectric constant ε s is 2.75. The linear/nonlinear optical susceptibility and nonlinear refractive index have similar behavior to increase with increasing the photon energy. • Thermal evaporated films of indigo have a nanocrystalline structure. • Indigo films have two indirect optical transitions. • The optical properties of the indigo films are thickness independent. • The nonlinear refractive index and linear/nonlinear optical susceptibility increase with the photon energy.

Strain Tunable Electronic Band Structure and Magnetic Anisotropy of CrI3 Bilayer

Bilayer (BL) CrI3 attracts major attention among two dimensional (2D) materials due to the exhibition of unique interlayer antiferromagnetic ordering in contrast to other atomically thin films exhibiting long-range ferromagnetic ordering. It is believed that the high temperature monoclinic AB′ stacking plays the key role to induce unusual antiferromagnetic interlayer coupling in BL CrI3. The magnetic states of this system can be effectively controlled by external perturbations like magnetic field, electric field, carrier doping, strain etc. So, it is expected that strain effects can show a distinct behavior in the magnetic transition in BL CrI3. Here, we have studied the electronic and magnetic properties of BL CrI3 under in-plane biaxial and out-of-plane vertical strain from compression to stretch through density functional theory calculations. A compressive biaxial strain around −2.5 can induce a transition from AFM to FM magnetic ground state which continues upto −6 strain. Beyond this point, a second transition from FM to AFM1 state occurs. Detailed analysis of electronic structure indicates a strain induced direct to indirect band gap transition. Magnetic anisotropy energy (MAE) calculations show an out-of-plane easy axis for pristine CrI3 BL and this feature remains unchanged in the entire range of applied strain. It is also found that most of the perpendicular magnetic anisotropy contribution comes from the iodine atoms. Large MAE found in BL CrI3 may find useful applications in high density data storage devices.

First-principles study on the vertical heterostructure of the BSe and AlN monolayers

In this investigation, we employed density functional theory simulations to explore the structural, optical, mechanical, and electronic properties of the vertical heterostructure based on AlN and BSe monolayers, named AlN@BSe. Our results suggest that the AlN@BSe is mechanically stable. Compared with the pure BSe and AlN monolayer, its in-plane stiffness is greatly improved. From the absorption coefficient analysis, it is found that the AlN@BSe has a strong infrared light absorption. Furthermore, indirect-direct band gap transition can be found by adjusting interlayer distance (d). In addition, under the biaxial strain and the external electric field (E-field), the band alignment of AlN@BSe undergoes a transition from type-I to type-II, as well as direct to indirect band gap transition. The diverse electronic properties endow the AlN@BSe with high potential for novel nano-electronic applications.

Scalable high-repetition-rate sub-half-cycle terahertz pulses from spatially indirect interband transitions

Intense phase-locked terahertz (THz) pulses are the bedrock of THz lightwave electronics, where the carrier field creates a transient bias to control electrons on sub-cycle time scales. Key applications such as THz scanning tunnelling microscopy or electronic devices operating at optical clock rates call for ultimately short, almost unipolar waveforms, at megahertz (MHz) repetition rates. Here, we present a flexible and scalable scheme for the generation of strong phase-locked THz pulses based on shift currents in type-II-aligned epitaxial semiconductor heterostructures. The measured THz waveforms exhibit only 0.45 optical cycles at their centre frequency within the full width at half maximum of the intensity envelope, peak fields above 1.1 kV cm−1 and spectral components up to the mid-infrared, at a repetition rate of 4 MHz. The only positive half-cycle of this waveform exceeds all negative half-cycles by almost four times, which is unexpected from shift currents alone. Our detailed analysis reveals that local charging dynamics induces the pronounced positive THz-emission peak as electrons and holes approach charge neutrality after separation by the optical pump pulse, also enabling ultrabroadband operation. Our unipolar emitters mark a milestone for flexibly scalable, next-generation high-repetition-rate sources of intense and strongly asymmetric electric field transients.

Towards multifunctional applications of Fullerene-filled (PVA-PEG) polymeric nanocomposite films: structural, optical, and electrical properties

Via casting method, Polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) and polyethylene glycol (PEG) blend matrix (80/20 wt %) based with fullerene (C60) (i.e., (PVA–PEG)/C60) polymeric nanocomposite (PNC) films have been prepared for optoelectronic devices. The X-ray diffractometer (XRD) and Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) analysis have been used to examine the structural behavior of these PNC films. The absorption coefficient derived from Beer-Lambert’s equation was used to determine energy bandgap (E g ), and Urbach’s energy (E u ) values. The nanocomposite films bandgap was lowered to 4.05 eV for indirect transition and 4.98 eV for direct transition. Because of surface plasmon absorption, the extinction index (k) rises with a doping concentration in nanocomposite films. The connections between bandgap and refractive index (n av ) were investigated using several empirical formulas to arrive at an average value for n. The nonlinear susceptibility χ (3) increased from 1.23 × 10−12 esu to 1.82 × 10−12 esu and from 7.099 × 10−13esu to 8.87 × 10−13 for indirect and direct transition, respectively. The nonlinear refractive index (n 2) increased from 2.146 × 10−11 esu to 3.062 × 10−11 esu and from 1.306 × 10−11esu to 1.59 × 10−11 esu for indirect and direct transition, respectively. The nanocomposites’ optical limiting performance and laser beam absorption capability were examined. Doping PVA–PEG with C60 in these nanocomposites at room temperature has been studied for its impact on complex dielectric permittivity, electric modulus characteristics, and AC electrical conductivity. The dielectric properties reduced with increasing frequency and raised with rising temperature and discussed as evidence of interfacial polarization. AC conductivity levels that varied with temperature followed Arrhenius’s law. According to our findings, the newly developed polymeric nanocomposite films are well-suited for use in electrical and optoelectronic devices.

Improved Physical, thermal, and conductivity strength of ternary nanocomposite films of PVDF/PMMA/GO NPs for electrical applications

Polymer nanocomposites samples polyvinylidene fluoride/Polymethyl methacrylate (PVDF/PMMA) mixed with various concentrations of graphene oxide nanoparticles (GO NP's) were created using solution casting and ultrasonic-assisted solution casting processes. The characteristics of the manufactured polymer samples were studied using XRD, FTIR, TEM, TGA, and DSC. The AC conductivity, dielectric constant, and dielectric loss of PVDF/PMMA-GO nanocomposites were examined as a function of GO concentrations. XRD analysis demonstrates the semicrystalline PVDF/PMMA and shows that the doped PVDF/PMMA films have a lower crystallinity degree (Xc) than the pure blend. The interaction between the GO ions and the PVDF/PMMA matrices is demonstrated by significant fluctuations in the FTIR spectra. TEM revealed that the GO nanoparticles were produced in spherical and cubic shapes, with an average size of 18.6 nm. The energy gap of nanocomposite films reduced as the GO NP's concentration in the polymer mix increased, decreasing from 4.24 eV to 3.71 eV for the indirect transition. The PVDF/PMMA exhibits a single glass transition temperature (Tg) according to the DSC study, showing that the PVDF and PMMA are miscible. The melting point of the nanocomposite films increased from 244.39 °C to 251.56 °C, increasing their thermal stability. Thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) curves showed that the PVDF/PMMA polymeric matrix had increased thermal stability. Dielectric constant and loss analyses have been performed to gain a better knowledge of charge storage properties and conductivity relaxation. The highest ionic conductivity of PVDF/PMMA blended with 0.08 wt. GO NP's is ~7.23 × 10–5 S/cm. These findings are expected to have a considerable effect on a wide range of applications, such as polymer solar cells, nanoelectronics, polymer organic semiconductors, and energy storage.

A comprehensive assessment of statin discontinuation among patients who concurrently initiate statins and CYP3A4-inhibitor drugs; a multistate transition model.

The aim of this study was to describe the 1-year direct and indirect transition probabilities to premature discontinuation of statin therapy after concurrently initiating statins and CYP3A4-inhibitor drugs. A retrospective new-user cohort study design was used to identify (N = 160 828) patients who concurrently initiated CYP3A4 inhibitors (diltiazem, ketoconazole, clarithromycin, others) and CYP3A4-metabolized statins (statin DDI exposed, n = 104 774) vs. other statins (unexposed to statin DDI, n = 56 054) from the MarketScan commercial claims database (2012-2017). The statin DDI exposed and unexposed groups were matched (2:1) through propensity score matching techniques. We applied a multistate transition model to compare the 1-year transition probabilities involving four distinct states (start, adverse drug events [ADEs], discontinuation of CYP3A4-inhibitor drugs, and discontinuation of statin therapy) between those exposed to statin DDIs vs. those unexposed. Statistically significant differences were assessed by comparing the 95% confidence intervals (CIs) of probabilities. After concurrently starting stains and CYP3A, patients exposed to statin DDIs, vs. unexposed, were significantly less likely to discontinue statin therapy (71.4% [95% CI: 71.1, 71.6] vs. 73.3% [95% CI: 72.9, 73.6]) but more likely to experience an ADE (3.4% [95% CI: 3.3, 3.5] vs. 3.2% [95% CI: 3.1, 3.3]) and discontinue with CYP3A4-inhibitor therapy (21.0% [95% CI: 20.8, 21.3] vs. 19.5% [95% CI: 19.2, 19.8]). ADEs did not change these associations because those exposed to statin DDIs, vs. unexposed, were still less likely to discontinue statin therapy but more likely to discontinue CYP3A4-inhibitor therapy after experiencing an ADE. We did not observe any meaningful clinical differences in the probability of premature statin discontinuation between statin users exposed to statin DDIs and those unexposed.

Promising naphthol green B dye doped (PVOH-PEG) composite films as a multifunctional material with engineered optical band gap, tunable dielectric properties and nonlinear J–E characteristics

Polymer composite films of polyvinyl alcohol (PVOH)—polyethylene glycol (PEG)/naphthol green B dye (NGB) were prepared using the solution cast technique with different concentrations of NGB (0–25 wt. (%)). XRD emphasized the semi-crystalline nature of the base polymer blend (PVOH-PEG) which increased by NGB addition. FTIR spectra of the investigated samples confirmed the formation of hydrogen bonds between the polymer blend hydroxyl groups and the NGB molecules. Optical properties are studied within wavelengths ranged from 245 nm to 1500 nm. Multi-optical energy band gaps () were observed in (PVOH-PEG) doped with NGB dye for the allowed indirect and direct transitions and showed a decrease with the addition of NGB dye. Analysis of the refractive index offered a normal dispersion within the investigated wavelength region. The dependence of the dielectric constant loss ε″ and ac conductivity on frequency (100 Hz–1 MHz) and NGB content were investigated at room temperature (RT). The addition of NGB tends to increase of the (PVOH-PEG) blend, that serve in various semiconductor devices. The values of the frequency exponent and the charge carriers binding energy decrease in the presence of NGB dye and are interpreted by the correlated barrier hopping (CBH) model. Electric modulus formalism clarified the presence of a single relaxation peak with a relaxation time depends on the NGB wt. (%). The (current density —electric field ) characteristics were studied at RT and showed a non-ohmic behavior. The current density increased with the addition of NGB dye and the dc conduction is discussed in view of Schottky-Richardson and Poole–Frenkel theoretical models.