Indirect Services Research Articles

The role of tree domestication in green market product value chain development

Internationally, there is interest in increasing the trade in ‘green’ market products, such as organic, fair trade, reduction of deforestation and forest degradation/reduction of deforestation and forest degradation+ for reduced deforestation and mitigation of climate change, and environmental goods and services. This crucially needs to be extended to the many poor, hungry and marginalized smallholder farmers in developing countries. In this context, agroforestry tree domestication has made great progress over the last 20 years, especially in Africa with the emergence of many new tree crops for food, cosmetic and pharmaceutical industries across many agro-ecological zones. Tree domestication is important for the enhancement of economic returns as value chains from local to global become more sophisticated and demand higher quality, greater uniformity and a regular and continuous supply. Local farmers are now developing cultivars creating direct benefits from the marketing of food and non-food products in local and regional markets. This creates business and employment opportunities in local cottage industries. Likewise, through the indirect environmental and ecological services provided by trees, food security can be greatly enhanced by closing the yield gap (the difference between the potential and actual yield) of modern crop varieties. In this way, agroforestry is adding income generation to agroecological approaches which together reverse the cycle of land degradation and social deprivation and transforming the lives of poor farmers. However, these benefits do not come without some risks from the loss of genetic diversity, local rights over genetic resources and exploitation by unscrupulous entrepreneurs. Agroforestry developments are therefore focusing on better access to ‘green’ business opportunities for poor smallholder farmers in Africa by maximizing the benefits and minimizing the risks.

Providing Mental Health Services within Community Geriatric Interdisciplinary Teams: Challenges and Successes

On Lok Lifeways (On Lok), the original Program of All-inclusive Care for the Elderly (PACE) organization provides comprehensive health care for community dwelling frail seniors in San Francisco and South Bay areas, California. On Lok serves over a thousand participants who speak 30 languages. Prior to 2005, On Lok did not have an on-site mental health component and participants were referred to off-site contracted psychiatrists and psychologists for all mental health services. In 2005 On Lok introduced an on-site Mental and Behavioral Health (MBH) team. Currently the team includes a neuropsychologist, five psychotherapists and two part-time psychiatrists. In addition, a full time chaplain is assisting participants with their spiritual needs. The goal of the MBH program is to increase interdisciplinary team effectiveness in care of frail elders with mental and behavioral health issues and to improve access to mental health services for a vulnerable and diverse senior population. MBH team members are providing various direct and indirect services to On Lok participants and staff. Key responsibilities include assessment of mental and behavioral health needs for applicants or new enrollees; routine reassessment every 6 months for participants with a psychiatric diagnosis; counseling to participants and their family members; administration and interpretation of neuropsychological tests for participants with cognitive impairments; crisis intervention and management; and psychotropic medication management as requested by primary care providers. In addition, mental health clinicians conduct regular trainings for all staff regarding various mental health and spiritual issues. Implementing on-site MBH services resulted in quadrupling of the number of appointments to mental health clinicians. There was a reduction in psychiatric inpatient utilization from 12 admissions/1000 patients/year in 2004, to 3 admissions/1000 patients/year in 2005. This reduction was sustained over the past 8 years. The availability of MBH clinicians who can provide timely consultations significantly increased interdisciplinary team understanding of mental health issues and increased team confidence in dealing with difficult mental health cases in an outpatient setting. Inclusion of mental and behavioral health clinicians on geriatric interdisciplinary care teams increased the complexity of care coordination; however the integration of mental health component into comprehensive geriatric care improved the quality of care by increasing timely access to mental health services, reduced the rate of psychiatric inpatient admissions, and reduced anxiety and stress of interdisciplinary teams caring for frail elders with mental health diagnoses.

Cascading effects, network configurations and optimal transshipment volumes in liner shipping

As a consequence of the delivery of large container ships and of the drop in demand since 2008, companies are struggling with low freight rates. In addition, newly delivered container ships have been deployed on the main east–west trades, whereas medium-sized vessels have been pushed to smaller sectors through a phenomenon known as the cascading effect. This article investigates how this effect might lead liner companies to modify their services, such as including additional stops at major hubs. This article proposes a model that factors in potential changes in network configuration from direct to indirect services, and then tests the model with an empirical study of northern Europe/South American services that adds in a call at Tangier or Algeciras to the schedule. The results show that the optimal network configuration depends on vessel sizes and the transshipment volumes to be collected at the hub.

Effect of Demographic Variables on Children and Adolescent Functional Assessment Scale (CAFAS) Scores

The Michigan Wraparound Evaluat ion Program provides children/yout h wit h comprehensive prevent ion, direct services, indirect services, and access t o community -based services and support s. A t wo -level Hierarchical Linear Model was conduct ed over 11 count ies and 335 children/youth bet ween ages 6 and 18 to underst and the relat ionship bet ween Child and Adolescent Funct ional Assessment Scale (CAFA S) score at the init ial t ime of enrollment in t he Wraparound Program and t he demographic variables such as a ge, gen der, race, geographic locat ion of children/yout h. There was no significant relat ionship bet ween t he CAFAS score and demographic variables, suggest ing t hat a unified programming model may be possible across all count ies.

Psychiatric Consultant Helps Shape Care of Wide Range of Patients

Psychiatric Consultant Helps Shape Care of Wide Range of Patients

Parent Advocate Testifies at AMA on Coverage for Eating Disorders

Parent Advocate Testifies at AMA on Coverage for Eating Disorders

Water Ecosystem Services and their Value — A Case Study in Luan River Basin, North China

Under a scenario of global climate change, the water ecosystem services of Luan River basin have attracted considerable public attention. In this paper, the term of water ecosystem services is described as Green water and blue water formed from the water cycle process to provide the conditions and utility for maintaining the structure and process of forest, grassland, wetland, lake, river ecosystem. In this study, we estimated the magnitudes and economic values of the water ecosystem services in Luan River basin. The economic value of water ecosystem services in Luan River basin was estimated to be 778.32×108Yuan in 2000. The ratios of the economic values of water direct ecosystem services were 5.89%, and rest 94.11% of the all monetary value was water indirect ecosystem services. Among the water ecosystem services indicators we estimated, fruit, timber, fishery products, Fresh water supply, Hydropower and recreation were measured in the social economic system, about 59.81% of the monetary value of water ecosystem services is measured to reflect water resources ecological value.

A Cloud Service Method Based on Indirect Addressing

the cloud-based service is a new type service way to provide the users in distributed environment, but the service model troubles it popularizing. Aiming at the problem, an indirect addressing service method is proposed in the paper. It analyzed the new problems serving in cloud firstly, then comes out a recourse and service invoking model based on indirect addressing, gave out the service actors of the model in detail, studied the package method of the cloud interfaces, produce the knowledge step in the indirect addressing mode of resources distribution. The analysis proves the method with some advantages, and it proposes a new way to settle the service problem in cloud.

Ecosystem services provided by amphibians and reptiles in Neotropical ecosystems

Human welfare depends directly or indirectly on the services provided by ecosystems. Amphibians and reptiles represent a high proportion of global species diversity and include species that are widely distributed throughout the world and play a variety of roles that benefit humans. The aim of this study was to identify and describe the ecosystem services provided by amphibians and reptiles in Neotropical ecosystems to evaluate the contribution of these highly diverse groups to human welfare. We conducted a literature review of articles and books from databases and university libraries and collected data from 106 studies. Amphibians and reptiles contributed directly and indirectly to the four types of ecosystem services: provisioning, regulating, cultural, and supporting. Most available studies reported the use of direct services from reptiles and indirect services from amphibians. Although eight ecosystem services were identified, most studies focused on reptiles as seed dispersers and protein sources. Biological pest control and bioturbation were the most widely studied services obtained from amphibians. Further research are necessary to understand the ecological functions involving amphibians and reptiles and their importance in the provision of key ecosystem services for human well-being.

장애 대학생의 도서관 서비스 만족도 분석

현재 많은 장애 대학생은 교육적 불평등, 문화적 격리, 정보문맹, 광범위한 캠퍼스 활동에서의 차별에 직면하고 있다. 그러나 장애학생의 최대 장애요소는 학습에 필요한 지식정보에 대한 접근의 부재나 어려움이라 할 수 있다. 따라서 도서관은 장애학생을 차별하지 않아야 하며, 정보자원 및 서비스에 대한 동등한 접근과 이용을 보증해야 한다. 이러한 맥락에서 본 논문은 장애학생을 대상으로 설문 및 면담조사한 결과에 근거하여 대학도서관의 시설과 공간서비스, 직접적 및 간접적 서비스, 총체적 서비스에 대한 만족도와 요망사항을 분석하고 서비스 만족도 제고방안을 제시하였다.

Effects of School Counselors’ Cognitive Behavioral Consultation on Irrational and Efficacy Beliefs of Elementary School Teachers

Consultation is an indirect service frequently offered as part of comprehensive school counseling programs. This study explored the efficacy of a specific model of consultation, rational emotive-social behavior consultation (RE-SBC). Elementary school teachers participated in face-to-face and on-line consultation groups aimed at influencing irrational and efficacy beliefs. A modified posttest, quasi-experimental design was utilized. Findings suggested face-to-face RE-SB consultation is useful in directly promoting positive mental health among teachers and indirectly fostering student success. Implications and recommendations for school counselors are presented.

Tourism Resources and Ecosystem Service Value in Heilongjiang Province, Northeast China

The objective of this study is to evaluate the economic value of ecosystem services of water-based tourism resources in Heilongjiang Province and to provide theoretical support in tourism resources conservation and development planning. Based on the characteristics of water-based tourism resources, the market value approach, substitution engineering method and replacement cost method were used to evaluate the ecosystem services value of water-based tourism resources. Results showed that the total ecosystem service value was 116.95 billion Yuan in 2010, which direct services value was 46.17 billion Yuan and indirect services value was 70.78 billion Yuan. The ranking of various services was water storage>water supply>flood

Experience Sharing Service Value Co-Creation Model (ESSVC) and Its Application to Korean Language Service

In this paper, the authors propose a service value creation model based on sharing service experience. Experiences for services still remain in customers’ brain or heart after the services are finished. Their main aim is to share customers’ experiences and find suitable service by analyzing information shared after service providing. In the proposed model, the direct service field and the indirect service field are prepared. In the indirect service field, customers share their service experience by using Information Technology (Web2.0, Social Network). Suitable services can be found by analyzing information in the indirect service field. The effectiveness of this new model is demonstrated through its application to Korean language education during a 14week period.

Addressing Student Mental Health Needs by Providing Direct and Indirect Services and Building Alliances in the Community

Given that 20% of students experience mental health issues that interfere with school performance and most of these students will turn first to their school for help, school counselors need to cons...

Addressing Student Mental Health Needs by Providing Direct and Indirect Services and Building Alliances in the Community

Given that 20% of students experience mental health issues that interfere with school performance and most of these students will turn first to their school for help, school counselors need to consider how they can best serve this population. This article describes how school counselors can address the mental health needs of students by providing direct services, accessing community resources, and working with school staff and community service providers. The article provides case examples and guidelines for building alliances.

Location-Based Services for Public Policy Making: The Direct and Indirect Way to e-Participation

This article investigates the areas of e-Participation and Location-Based Services and proposes services that facilitate citizens' participation in public policy making. When using these services, citizens will be alerted to relevant policies and public policy making when they are moving from one place to another. This article enhances the body of knowledge as it proposes: (a) a Location-Based Services classification, (b) a roadmap for Location-Based Services in e-Participation, (c) a classification of concerns and challenges in this area, and (d) direct and indirect location-based services in e-Participation for public policy making. The article opens new areas for research and highlights issues of concern and challenges.

Application of third-party logistics in clinical nursing

Objective To investigate the effect of third-party logistics applied on clinical nursing. Methods Third-party logistics was introduced in the hospital and provided indirect service such as collecting and delivering patients＇ test samples, blood products, medicine and consultation notices by non-medical professionals. Results On the introduction of third-party logistics, hospital administration became more standardized, and explicitly defined responsibilities of nurses, medical orderlies and cleaners, doctors＇ and nurses＇ satisfaction on the medical orderlies was increased from 91% to 99%, and the differences were statistically significant （ U = 5.08, P 〈 0.01 ）. The server time needed for collecting test samples, medicine, consultation sheet were significantly shorter than that of before [ （ 5.30 ± 0.48 ） rain vs （ 8.30 ± 0.88 ） min, （13.00 ± 1.41）min vs （20.00 ±2.00）min, （4.10 ±0.21）min vs （7.20 ±0.32）min;t =6.69,6.39,18.09, respeetively;P 〈 0.01 ]. Conclusions The widespread introduction of third-party logistics is worthwhile for the hospital,which makes nurses more focusing on the direct patients＇ care, saves much cost for the hospital in terms of human resources, and it better ensures the timeliness and accuracy of logistics. Key words: Nursing management study; Third-party logistics; Clinical nursing; Application

‘You Don't Have to Shout’—Vocal Behaviour in Social Work Communication

In the context of an increasing trend toward indirect service user/practitioner contact, this article argues that voice quality, vocal features, and the use of paralanguage can facilitate communication and/or negatively reinforce social difference and professional hierarchies of power in social work practice. These issues will be considered with reference to a finding from a qualitative research study undertaken in New Zealand with Intake Social Workers (ISW) at the National Contact Centre of Child Youth and Family (CYF). The National Contact Centre (NCC) is a social work call centre, and the official entry point to New Zealand's statutory child protection system. The research explored how ISWs constructed their practice in a call centre environment. The study identified the importance to many ISWs of achieving a calm, respectful telephone manner towards service users. A smaller number of participants showed more in-depth appreciation of the impact of vocal behaviour on practice, drawing attention to the effect of paralanguage on relationships with callers. Strategies for the teaching of this skill set to social work students will be considered.

Incorporating indirect ecosystem services into marine protected area planning and management

Marine Protected Areas (MPAs) are recognised as being the mechanism through which marine ecosystem services may be conserved to benefit human well-being. Planning and decision-making can be supported by the quantification and valuation of ecosystem services. To inform the development and management of MPAs a ‘service-orientated’ framework has been developed to use available data to spatially map and explore the pathways between ecosystem services, processes and the ecological functioning of benthic species for indirect ecosystem service provision within a case study area. The framework demonstrates that ecosystem service delivery is functionally interlinked and ecological function cannot be clearly mapped onto individual ecosystem services. The methodology developed here enables decision-makers to understand the links between benthic species, ecological function and indirect ecosystem services. There is currently no measure to quantify how much function is required to maintain human well-being. This lack of a measure, coupled with a large amount of uncertainty surrounding the links between ecosystem function and ecosystem service provision in marine systems, demonstrates that the inclusion of percentage targets for the conservation of broad-scale habitats in MPA planning and management should be considered within a precautionary approach to maintain the delivery of indirect ecosystem services.

Effective factors on the villagers’ use of rural telecentres (case study of Hamadan province, Iran)

Fast speed of the communication integration and information transmittal has caused something called information and communication technology (ICT). Because it is the first experience of e-services through rural ICT centers in Iran, different studies and investigations are needed to identify and apply the proper applications related to the village. This study is aimed at evaluating the factors affecting the villagers’ use of rural telecentres from 2010 to 2011. This is applied study and the methodology is descriptive co relational. The main tool of the study is questionnaire. Statistical population of the study was 190686 villagers of Hamadan, Razan, and Asad Abad cities from which 230 ones were selected by proportional stratified sampling method. After data extraction, SPSS version 17 was used in the statistical analysis. Findings showed that most of the villagers’ use of rural telecentres is little (38.3%), and their use of this kind of services was mostly related to post bank (2.75), computer and administrative services (2.31) and direct and indirect internet services (2.24). The only and the most important variable affecting the villagers’ use of rural telecentres was the social –cultural factor which explained about 27% of the rural telecentres.