Indirect Injection Diesel Engine Research Articles

APPLICATION ON OXYGENATED FUEL OF MONO-ETHER GROUP IN AN IDI DIESEL ENGINE

Effect of oxygen components of fuels on exhaust emissions has been investigated by applying an indirect injection (IDI) diesel engine. This research analyzed variation and/or difference of the engine performance and exhaust emission characteristics of the IDI diesel engine by fueling the commercial diesel fuel and four different mixed ratios of oxygenated blended fuels. Effect of the exhaust gas recirculation (EGR) method was analyzed on the NOx emission characteristics. Ethylene glycol mono-n-butyl ether (EGBE) contains 27% of oxygen components in itself, and it is a kind of effective oxygenated fuel of mono-ether group. Smoke emission from the EGBE was reduced remarkably relative to the commercial diesel fuel. The EGBE can supply oxygen components sufficiently at higher diesel engine loads and speeds. It was found that a simultaneous reduction of the smoke and the NOx was achieved with the oxygenated fuel (10 vol-%) and the cooled EGR method (10%).

THE INFLUENCE OF NON-ESTERIFICATION BIODIESEL IN AN INDIRECT INJECTION DIESEL ENGINE

Biodiesel as alternative energy source of the traditional petroleum fuels has increased interest, because environmental pollution based exhaust emissions from vehicle became serious. The advantage of biodiesel produced from esterification of vegetable and animal oils can be used without the modification of existing diesel engine, but glycerin is generated by production process. In this study, the usability of non-esterification biodiesel as an alternative fuel was investigated in an indirect injection diesel engine. The non-esterification biodiesel has not generated glycerin in esterification process and reduced the 20 percent of cost because it has not used methanol in the production process. Experiments were conducted by using the 5, 10 and 20 percentage of biodiesel and 4 and 8 percentage of biodiesel with 1 and 2 percentage of WDP in baseline diesel fuel. The smoke emission of biodiesel was reduced in comparison with diesel fuel, but power, torque and brake specific energy consumption was similar to diesel fuel.

Experimental study on the performance of multi cylinder diesel engine fuelled by hydrogen/diesel blend

Nowadays, the depletion of conventional fuel and green house issues are the major crisis facing the life of human beings. Hydrogen is expected as one of the most promising renewable energy source to substitute the conventional fuel and meet the stringent emission norms. In this experimental investigation, the performance analysis was carried out on an indirect injection (IDI) diesel engine using hydrogen with diesel to form a mixture. The hydrogen was inducted through inlet manifold. Experimental tests were carried out to study the performance of the engine fuelled with the hydrogen-diesel mixture compared with those fuelled by conventional diesel fuel. The variation of brake power, diesel fuel consumption, brake thermal efficiency, equivalence ratio, brake specific energy consumption and exhaust temperature with hydrogen induction rate were studied. From the present investigation, it can be concluded that the hydrogen induction into compression ignition engine along with diesel oil helps to improve the thermal performance.

Palm Oil Methyl Ester and Its Emulsions Effect on Lubricant Performance and Engine Components Wear

The results of an experimental work carried out to evaluate the effect of palm oil methyl esters, also known as palm oil diesel (POD) and its emulsions as alternative fuel on unmodified indirect injection diesel engine's wear and lube oil performance are presented in this paper. Half throttle engine with constant 2500 rpm setting was maintained throughout the wear debris and lube oil analysis such as for a period of twenty hours for each fuel system. The sample of lube oil was collected through a one - way valve connected to the crankcase sump at the interval of four hours. When the engine warmed up, first sample has collected immediately. The same conventional lubricating oil SAE 30 was used for each fuel system. To measure wear metal debris and lubricating oil additives depletion of used lubricating oil, Multi element oil analyzer (MOA) was used. To measure the viscosity of lub oil an ISL automatic houillon viscometer (ASTM D445) has been used. Very satisfactory results have been obtained by comparing the lub oil analysis results of Ordinary Diesel and Palm Oil Diesel and their emulsions with 10 percent water by volume. In crankcase oil samples, accumulation of wear metal debris was lower with Palm Oil Diesel and emulsified fuels compare to baseline Ordinary Diesel fuel. Both Ordinary Diesel and Palm Oil Diesel emulsions with 10 per cent water by volume showed promising trends for resisting wear.

Experimental investigation of gasoline fumigation in a turbocharged IDI diesel engine

The current work examines experimentally the effects of gasoline fumigation (GF) on performance and exhaust emissions of a turbocharged indirect injection diesel engine. An elementary carburetor which main jet opening can be adjusted by a fine threaded screw was installed on the inlet pipe of the engine. Thus gasoline at desired amounts can be injected into inlet air and the engine operates mainly due to diesel principle. Results showed that effective power generally reduced and effective efficiency increased. Brake specific fuel consumption reduced and its decrement ratios are approximately at the levels of 5%. GF becomes economic for this engine and averagely 5% reduction in fuel cost was attained. NOx concentration decreased approximately at the levels of (5–10)%. Smoke index K reduced for up to (8–12)% GF and after this it began to increase. Its maximum reduction ratio was 20% for 8% GF at 2500rpm.

Experimental Study of Exhaust Configurations on the Diesel Engine Performance

The overall diesel engine performance is very much dependent upon the design and operation parameters of the inlet and exhaust system. This study was undertaken to provide knowledge for improving the diesel engine performance through modification of the exhaust middle pipe configuration. This study presents the results of an experimental study of the exhaust middle pipe on diesel engine performance in terms of torque produced, brake horsepower, Brake Mean Effective Pressure and the specific fuel consumption. Experimental study is adopted in this study based on two conditions, at 50% throttle opening and 100% throttle opening conditions. The experiment was conducted on a four stroke, four cylinders, in-line OHC and indirect injection diesel engine with different exhaust middle pipe configuration attached. The results of the physical testing shows the differences in engine performance for different exhaust middle pipe configurations especially at the engine speed greater than 2000 rpm.

Oleic Methyl Ester Investigations in an Indirect Injection Diesel Engine; Stage One: Combustion Investigations

Oleic Methyl Ester Investigations in an Indirect Injection Diesel Engine; Stage One: Combustion Investigations

Combustion of algae oil methyl ester in an indirect injection diesel engine

An experimental study has been carried to use raw Algae oil and its methyl esters in an indirect injection diesel engine. Effects of engine speed, engine load output, injection timing of the algae biofuel and engine compression ratio on the engine output torque, combustion noise (maximum pressure rise rate), maximum pressure and maximum heat release rate have been studied. Raw oil extracted from microalgae and two versions of its methyl ester (0.1 and 0.2 methyl ester versions) have been evaluated in a Ricardo E6 engine. It has been shown that the algae oil methyl ester’s properties are similar to diesel fuel and its use has been successful in running the diesel engine smoothly. However, its use reduced the engine output torque slightly and increased the combustion noise. The engine output can be increased and the combustion noise can be reduced by controlling the engine design parameters e.g. injection timing and compression ratio.

Combustion Phenomena and Emissions of an IDI Engine Fueled with Blended CPO/Diesel

This article compares the performance and emissions of an indirect-injection diesel engine using either a CPO/diesel blend or diesel fuel. The results demonstrated slight differences in engine performance and emissions when using CPO/diesel versus diesel fuel. The engine fueled by CPO/diesel produced 2.68% to 11.11% less power than the same engine powered by diesel at all engine speeds. Also, the CPO/diesel had an 8.63% to 10.22% lower thermal efficiency and 8.63% to 10.22% higher specific fuel consumption than the diesel. The emissions from the CPO/diesel were higher than those from the diesel. CO emission from the CPO/diesel was higher than that of the diesel by 26.48% to 67.55% while the NOx emissions and black smoke were not significantly different. The simulated combustion phenomena, with a newly introduced fuel library to describe CPO/diesel, showed that the CPO/diesel mode had a shorter combustion period than the diesel mode due to poorer physical and chemical properties. However, the ignition delay of CPO/diesel was not significantly different from that of diesel.

Performance and emissions of an agricultural diesel engine fuelled with different diesel and methyl ester blends

This paper shows the results of an investigation carried out to assess the application of different fuels produced by blending diesel fuel with methyl ester obtained from mixture of 75% (v/v) sunflower oil and 25% (v/v) used cooking oil on a Kubota agricultural indirect injection diesel engine, natural aspirated, and with a rated horsepower of 19.7 kW. Seven fuels, namely diesel fuel; 90:10, 80:20, 70:30, 50:50, 25:75 and 0:100 (%v/v) blends were prepared and tested for the performance of the diesel engine in accordance with the standardised OECD test code 2. The test results showed that the performance of the engine was satisfactory without a significant reduction in power output and torque with blends smaller than 50%. Fuel consumptions with biodiesel were higher than that when fuelled with diesel but differences were not very marked up to 30% blends. As the reduction of the engine thermal efficiency was less than the corresponding reduction in heating value of the different biodiesel blends, the latter resulted in a more complete combustion in comparison with diesel fuel. The oxides of nitrogen (NOx) emissions were found to be reduced as the biodiesel concentration increase, particularly with 70% and 100% blends. The emissions of carbon monoxide (CO) were lower and increased at a lower rate with the oxygen concentration of the exhaust as the biodiesel blends were equal or higher than 50%.

간접분사식 압축착화기관에서 BD 혼합율과 연료분사시기에 따른 기관성능 및 배기배출물 특성 연구

Biodiesel (BD) can be effectively used as an alternative fuel in diesel engines. However, BD may affect the performance and exhaust emissions in diesel engines because it has different physical and chemical properties from diesel fuel such as viscosity, compressibility and so on. To investigate the effect of injection timing on the characteristics of engine performance and exhaust emissions with BD in an indirect injection diesel engine, BD derived from soybean oil was applied in this study. The engine was operated at six different injection timings from TDC to BTDC and five loads at various engine speeds. Below BD 30, there`s similar trend compared with diesel fuel. But, the best injection timing was retarded compare with diesel fuel using BD 30. When the fuel injection timing was retarded, better results were showed, which may confirm by advantages of BD.

Review of the development and applications of the Wiebe function: A tribute to the contribution of Ivan Wiebe to engine research

Analytical functions approximating the burn rate in internal combustion engines are useful and cost-effective tools for engine cycle simulations. Most functions proposed to date are based on the law of normal distribution of a continuous random variable. The best known of these is the Wiebe function, which is used to predict the burn fraction and burn rate in internal combustion engines operating with different combustion systems and fuels. These include direct injection (DI) and indirect injection (IDI) diesel engines, classical spark ignition (SI) engines and gasoline direct injection (GDI) engines, engines with homogeneous charge compression ignition (HCCI) and premixed charge compression ignition (PCCI). This paper is a tribute to the lasting legacy of the Wiebe function and to the man behind it, Ivan Ivanovitch Wiebe. It includes a historical background to the development of the function in the mid 1950s in the Soviet Union, the controversy that surrounded its introduction, a description of the method used to arrive at the final formulation, and an overview of the many applications as prescriptive or predictive single-, double- and multi-function combustion models in engine research.

Compression ignition engine modifications for straight plant oil fueling in remote contexts: Modification design and short-run testing

Though many plant oils have a similar energy density to fossil diesel fuel, several properties of plant oils are considerably different from those of diesel. Engine modifications can overcome some of these differences. An engine modification kit has been designed and tested for a slow speed, stationary, indirect-injection diesel engine – the Lister-type CS 6/1, common throughout the developing world. The kit allows waste vegetable oil fueling with similar performance to that of diesel fueling. The kit’s simple yet robust design is targeted for use as a development mechanism, allowing remote farmers to use locally grown plant oils as a diesel substitute. The modification kit includes a preheating system and the tuning of the injector pressure and timing to better atomize given the unique properties of straight plant oils. The design methodology for the modifications is detailed and a suite of performance test results are described including fuel consumption, efficiency, pre-combustion chamber pressure, and various emissions. The results of the study show how a combination of preheating the high pressure fuel line, advancing the injector timing and increasing the injector valve opening pressure allows this engine to efficiently utilize plant oils as a diesel fuel substitute, potentially aiding remote rural farmers with a lower cost, sustainable fuel source – enabling important agro-processing mechanization in parts of the world that needs it most.

Experimental investigation of the Exhaust Gas Recirculation effects on irreversibility and Brake Specific Fuel Consumption of indirect injection diesel engines

An experimental study was carried out to investigate the effect of using Exhaust Gas Recirculation (EGR) on various exergy terms of an IDI diesel engine cylinder. In this paper also the effectiveness of total in-cylinder irreversibility on Brake Specific Fuel Consumption (BSFC) in a diesel engine is investigated. To serve this aim an exergy analysis is conducted on the engine cylinder which provides all the availability terms by which the evaluation of in-cylinder irreversibilities is possible. The availability terms including heat transfer, inlet and exhaust gases and work output are presented during the engine operation at different load and speeds. To clarify the effect of using EGR in each case, EGR is introduced to the cylinder at various ratios during the tests. Finally, the dependence of total in-cylinder irreversibility and engine BSFC at particular engine operating conditions is introduced and the variations are compared. The results show that using EGR mostly increases the total in-cylinder irreversibility mainly due to extension of the flame region which reduces maximum combustion temperature. Also, the results revealed that the variations of the total in-cylinder irreversibility and engine BSFC follow the same trend especially at high load conditions.

Effect of antioxidants on the oxidative stability and combustion characteristics of biodiesel fuels in an indirect-injection (IDI) diesel engine

Biodiesel fuels that consist of saturated and unsaturated long-chain fatty acid alkyl esters are an alternative diesel fuel produced from vegetable oils or animal fats. However, autoxidation of biodiesel fuels during storage is easily caused by air, reducing fuel quality by adversely affecting its properties such as kinematic viscosity and acid value. One approach to improve the resistance of biodiesel fuels to autoxidation is to mix them with antioxidants. This study investigated the effectiveness of five such antioxidants in mixtures with biodiesel fuels produced by three biodiesel manufacturers: butylated hydroxytoluene (BHT), butylated hydroxyanisole (BHA), tert-butylhydroquinone (TBHQ), propyl gallate (PrG) and α-tocopherol. An engine test was also performed to investigate the combustion characteristics of biodiesel fuel with antioxidants in an indirect-injection (IDI) diesel engine. Oxidation stability was determined using Rancimat equipment. The results showed that TBHQ, BHA, and BHT were the most effective and α-tocopherol was the least effective in increasing the oxidation stability of biodiesel. The combustion characteristics and exhaust emissions in diesel engine were not influenced by the addition of antioxidants in biodiesel fuel. This study recommends TBHQ and PrG to be used for safeguarding biodiesel fuel from the effects of autoxidation during storage.

Performance and Exhaust Emissions of an Indirect-Injection (IDI) Diesel Engine When Using Waste Cooking Oil as Fuel

A study was carried out on the influence of waste cooking oil (WCO) and its blends with D2 fuel on the performance, exhaust emissions, combustion and fuel injection processes of an indirect injected diesel engine. Tests were carried out using different fuels, under the same conditions. Exhaust emissions and engine performance were measured and compared. Combustion chamber pressure was also acquired, and the rate of heat-release curves were computed by means of a zero-dimensional one-zone combustion model. Some macro-parameters of the combustion process were obtained from the heat-release-rate curves. The injection system was separated from the engine and tested on a special test bench. The injected fuel quantity was measured, and the injection pressure and injector needle lift time history were acquired. The injection-rate curves were then computed, and some macro-parameters of the injection process were obtained and analyzed.

Effects of diesel/biodiesel blends on regulated and unregulated pollutants from a passenger vehicle operated over the European and the Athens driving cycles

This paper presents the regulated and unregulated exhaust emissions of a diesel passenger vehicle, operated with low sulphur automotive diesel and soy methyl ester blends. Emission and fuel consumption measurements were conducted under real driving conditions (Athens Driving Cycle, ADC) and compared with those of a modified New European Driving Cycle (NEDC) using a chassis dynamometer. A Euro II compliant diesel vehicle was used in this study, equipped with an indirect injection diesel engine, fuelled with diesel fuel and biodiesel blends at proportions of 5, 10, and 20% respectively. Unregulated emissions of 11 polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), 5 nitro-PAHs, 13 carbonyl compounds (CBCs) and the soluble organic fraction (SOF) of the particulate matter were measured. Qualitative hydrocarbon analysis was also performed on the SOF. Regulated emissions of NO x , CO, HC, CO 2, and PM were also measured over the two test cycles. It was established that some of the emissions measured over the (hot-start) NEDC differed from the real-world cycle. Significant differences were also observed in the vehicle's fuel consumption between the two test cycles. The addition of biodiesel reduced the regulated emissions of CO, HC and PM, while an increase in NO x was observed over the ADC. Carbonyl emissions, PAHs and nitro-PAHs were reduced with the addition of biodiesel over both driving cycles.

Combustion analysis of preheated crude sunflower oil in an IDI diesel engine

In this study, preheated crude sunflower oil (PCSO) was tested for combustion and emission properties against petroleum based diesel fuel (PBDF) in a naturally aspirated, indirect injection (IDI) engine. The cylinder gas pressure and heat release curves for PCSO at 75 °C were similar to those of PBDF. The ignition delays for the PCSO were longer and the start of injection timing was earlier than for PBDF. The difference in the average brake torque was a decrease of 1.36% for PCSO though this was statistically insignificant. The brake specific fuel consumption increased by almost 5% more or less in proportion to the difference in calorific value, so that the 1.06% increase in thermal efficiency was again statistically insignificant. The emission test results showed that the decreases in CO2 emissions and smoke opacity 2.05% and 4.66%, respectively; however, this was not statistically significant, though in line with the apparent increase in thermal efficiency. There was a significant 34% improvement in the emissions of unburnt hydrocarbons. Carbon monoxide increased by 1.77% again the result was not statistically significant given the small number of repeat tests. The use of PCSO does not have any negative effects on the engine performance and emissions in short duration engine testing.

Application of EGBE as an Additive in a Indirect Injection Diesel Engine

Application of EGBE as an Additive in a Indirect Injection Diesel Engine

Application of EGBE as an Additive in a Indirect Injection Diesel Engine

Application of EGBE as an Additive in a Indirect Injection Diesel Engine