Indirect Forms Research Articles

Informings as recruitment in nurses′ intrahospital telephone calls

We have conducted conversational analysis of intrahospital telephone calls in which a recovery room nurse notifies the wards that, having concluded their treatment, a patient is ready for transfer. The article contributes to the understanding of recruitment as the outcome of interactional methods securing involvement - assistance, cooperation or contribution - in the realisation of courses of action. It shows that: a) informings conveyed by brief factual declaratives can act as a recruitment method even in the absence of any reference to a need, want or trouble; b) informing others of a state of affairs can act as a prompt for them to take responsive action under their own responsibility; c) informings as recruitment can be part of an organisational routine and instrumental in bringing forth remote professional action. Contrary to the common assumption that indirect forms of recruitment are normatively less constraining, we suggest that factual informings are actually an effective way of prompting a co-worker to act on their responsibilities. The data are audio-recordings of telephone calls made in an acute-care hospital in the French-speaking part of Switzerland.

Need for Regulation of Pan Masala Advertisements in Television Media

Tobacco industries have resorted to brand stretching to keep their brands visible through sale of non-tobacco products like elaichi (cardamom) and paan masala, as seen in television advertisements aired during Indian premier league matches. The direct and indirect forms of advertisements of tobacco products in digital media remains unchecked. Strict ban should be enforced as these advertisements lure children and the youth into consumption of tobacco products later in life. In addition to providing tobacco cessation services to patients, oral health professionals should be aware of the marketing strategies of tobacco companies so that we can advise governing authorities to enact new laws and enforce existing laws in order to curtail tobacco consumption in our country.

Leaving without a word: Ghosting and the Dark Triad traits

Researchers have extensively explored the early and middle stages of romantic and sexual relationships for those high on the Dark Triad traits (i.e., psychopathy, Machiavellianism, and narcissism) but they have generally missed the termination stage of relationships. In this study we examined (N = 341) the role these traits play in one termination strategy, ghosting. Ghosting is when a person discontinues a relationship through silence; it is considered an indirect form of relationship termination. We found that (1) those who reported ghosting someone in the past (vs. those who did not) found ghosting to be acceptable and were more Machiavellian and psychopathic, (2) ghosting was most acceptable in the short-term (vs. long-term) context especially for those who had previously ghosted someone, and (3) those high in the Dark Triad traits rated ghosting more acceptable to terminate short-term relationships, but not long-term ones. We also found that the correlations between acceptability and ghosting short-term partners and the Dark Triad traits was localized to narcissistic men with a similar-yet-weak effect for psychopathy. Results are discussed in relation to how ghosting may be primarily committed by people who are interested in casual sex where investment is low and may be part of the fast life history strategies linked to the Dark Triad traits.

Five Priorities for Future Research on Child and Adolescent Peer Influence

Over the past 50 years, a large body of work has demonstrated that during childhood and adolescence peers are strong socialization agents influencing youth development across a wide array of behavioral domains. In this report, we highlight how this long-standing research focus on peer influence may benefit from undertaking new directions that have been largely neglected in prior work. Specifically, we propose and discuss five main issues that we believe future peer influence studies should aim to address: (1) extending the examination of peer influence to multiple potential sources of socialization beyond close friends; (2) examining peer influence effects over shorter time frames and in real time; (3) testing indirect forms of peer influence; (4) extending the conceptualization and measurement of peer influence susceptibility; and (5) examining positive and adaptive forms of peer influence. The integration of recent theoretical and methodological advances from other disciplines will enable peer influence researchers to answer these and other exciting questions to better elucidate how and when peers are more likely to influence youth development.

Study on optimization of indirect-direct evaporative chiller for producing cold water in hot and dry areas

This paper proposes the concept of “sub-wet bulb temperature” for the application of evaporative cooling technology, discusses the principle and implementation approach of the indirect-direct evaporative chiller for producing sub-wet bulb temperature cold water, and puts forward a way to describe the cooling performance of the pre-cooling section of indirect evaporative cooling through “sub-wet bulb efficiency”, using the “cooling efficiency of the water drenching filler on the air side and the water side” to show the cooling performance of the direct evaporative cooling section of the Water drenching filler, and utilizing the “unit's chilled water efficiency” to describe the cooling performance of the whole unit, and then explicit equation for predicting the unit's water supply temperature is derived out. The cooling performance of evaporative cooling chillers under different ambient air pre-cooling types was tested in Xinjiang region. The results showed that the chilled water efficiency of evaporative chillers reached a maximum value of 45.9 under the coil and vertical tube type of indirect evaporative pre-cooling form. At this time, the sub-wet bulb efficiency of the pre-cooling section of indirect evaporative cooling is 52.1%, the cooling efficiency of the water drenching filler on the air side has reached to 59.8%, and the water supply temperature of the unit is 13.7 °C, which is 2.3 °C lower than the wet bulb temperature of ambient air.

Him, her, them, or neither: Misgendering and degendering of transgender individuals

Across three studies people miscategorized transgender individuals through degendering (abstention of pronouns) and misgendering (using gender inconsistent pronouns). Participants described and evaluated an individual who either disclosed a transgender identity or did not in an interpersonal context. In Study 1 (N = 203), men were more likely to misgender a woman who identified as transgender (vs. did not) and were less likely to explicitly categorize her as a woman. In Studies 2 (N = 600) and 3 (N = 593), participants were more likely to misgender and degender transgender women and men (vs. controls). In Study 3, participants who learned a person’s pronoun were less likely to degender transgender women. However, providing pronouns did not result in significantly less misgendering overall, nor did it mitigate the degendering of transgender men. Misgendering was a stronger predictor of social connectedness and social categorization (Study 1) than explicit gender inconsistent categorizations. Misgendering is an insidious indirect form of miscategorization, more strongly predicting negative social consequences than direct explicit categorization. While listing one’s pronouns mitigates some pronoun disparities, it is not a cure-all for degendering and misgendering.

Kierunki doskonalenia systemu zarządzania kryzysowego w kontekście ochrony ludności i ratownictwa

Artykuł dotyczy kwestii ochrony ludności i ratownictwa, realizowanego w ramach systemu zarządzania kryzysowego. Stanowi on najważniejszyw Polsce mechanizm, służący monitorowaniu potencjalnych zagrożeń, przygotowaniu do skutecznej prewencji przed ich wystąpieniem oraz sprawnegoi wszechstronnego reagowania w razie wystąpienia sytuacji kryzysowej, a także kompleksowego usuwania skutków zdarzeń nadzwyczajnych. Realizacjawskazanych zadań systemu sprowadza się przede wszystkim do pośrednichi bezpośrednich form ochrony ludności i ratownictwa, jak również ograniczeniawtórnych skutków zdarzeń kryzysowych dla ludności, mienia i środowiska.Niniejsze opracowanie prezentuje funkcjonowanie systemów ochrony ludnościi ratownictwa oraz zarządzania kryzysowego w praktyce. Stanowi odniesienie doaspektów prawnych, organizacyjnych, planowania, finansowania działalności,a także stanu kadrowego i zaplecza materiałowo-technicznego, jakim one dysponują. Wskazuje braki i potrzeby, występujące w ramach działania systemów,a także określa dalsze, proponowane kierunki badań i rozwoju systemów.

Legal forms of participation of Ukrainian citizens in cross-border cooperation

The article examines the legal forms of participation of Ukrainian citizens in cross-border cooperation. It is established that the European Framework Convention on Transfrontier Co-operation between Territorial Com-munities or Authorities does not explicitly establish forms of involvement of citizens in cross-border co-oper-ation, but does not restrict them. It was found that citizens are members of local communities and they can not directly and indirectly benefit from cross-border cooperation, so their participation in such processes should not be limited.The provisions of Protocol № 3 to the European Framework Convention on Transfrontier Co-operation between Territorial Communities or Authorities concerning Euroregional Co-operation Associations of 16 November 2009 are analyzed. It is established that this protocol clearly regulates the consideration of the interests of individuals in the activities of associations of Euroregional cooperation.The activity of Euroregions formed with the participation of separate territories of Ukraine («Lower Danube», «Upper Prut», «Dniester» and «Carpathian Euroregion») is studied, clearly confirms the involvement of citizens in cross-border cooperation projects. The legal bases of involvement of citizens in the decision of important problems of territorial communities, including the account of their opinion in the course of cross-border cooperation are ana-lyzed. Among the analyzed forms, public consultations, citizens’ appeals and electronic petitions, general meetings of citizens and public budgets were highlighted.It is proposed to classify the legal forms of citizens’ participation in cross-border cooperation as follows: direct forms of participation (first of all, participation of citizens in cross-border cooperation projects, including such events as round tables, conferences, seminars, trainings, etc.); indirect forms of participation (forms of citizen participation aimed at ensuring that their views are taken into account in the process of cross-border cooperation, in particular through: public consultations, citizens’ appeals, general meetings, public budgets, public hearings, local initiatives, etc.).

The distribution of handshapes in the established lexicon of Israeli Sign Language (ISL)

Abstract Our study focuses on the perception of the iconicity of handshapes – one of the formational parameters of the sign in signed language. Seventy Hebrew speakers were asked to match handshapes to Hebrew translations of 45 signs (that varied in degree of iconicity), which are specified for one of the handshapes in Israeli Sign Language (ISL). The results show that participants reliably match handshapes to corresponding sign translations for highly iconic signs, but are less accurate for less iconic signs. This demonstrates that there is a notable degree of iconicity in the lexicon of ISL, which is recognizable even to non-signers. The ability of non-signers to detect handshape to form is explained by the fact that word meanings are understood by both deaf and hearing peoples via the mental elaboration of simple iconic sources in which handshape meanings are grounded. The results suggest that while language external iconic mapping could ease the learning of direct iconic forms, it has a more limited capacity to help hearing non-signers learn indirect and opaque forms. The full semiotic distribution of handshapes in the lexicon and their use in language remain difficult for hearing non-signers to understand and depends on more specific language and cultural knowledge.

Coupling direct voltage and granular activated carbon modified nanoscale zero valent iron for enhancing anaerobic methane production

Anaerobic digestion technology has been widely used because it has a unique advantage of producing biogas as a renewable energy source. Therefore, several methods were studied to facilitate anaerobic methane production process. Coupling direct voltage and single conductive particles was an effective method to improve anaerobic wastewater treatment efficiency and methane production. However, the enhancement method was limited in this process due to the current of direct voltage or the toxicity of nanoparticles. Therefore, the granular activated carbon loaded with nanoscale zero valent iron (GAC-NZVI) particles prepared by co-precipitation method were added to the anaerobic synthetic wastewater system with direct voltage (0.10 V) to improve the treatment efficiency in this study. GAC-NZVI particles were added into anaerobic system with 0.10 V direct voltage to enhance CH4 production process. The COD removal and total CH4 production were enhanced by 4.22 % and 10.83 % with GAC-NZVI particles. The measurement results of EPS and Fe concentration showed that GAC-NZVI particles promoted the secretion of EPS by microorganisms, which could improve the floc strength of granular sludge. The measurements of conductivity and cyclic voltammetry (CV) showed that particles accelerated the metabolism of microorganism and promoted the electron transfer process. The increasing of Methanothrix and Methanobacterium could strengthen the methanogenesis. The abundances of bacteria and archaea using indirect interspecies electron exchange form (such as H2 or formate transfer microorganisms) were decreased after adding the particles. The results indicated that anaerobic treatment efficiency could be enhanced under the combined action of direct voltage and particles.

Green urban environmental sustainability and health sport based on MapReduce fitness big data and ZigBee technology

Since the reform and opening up, China’s urbanization process has attracted worldwide attention, and the urbanization rate has been developing rapidly at an average annual rate of 1%. Urbanization has played an active role in promoting the transformation of economic structure and consumption structure, and alleviating the problem of overproduction. However, the rapid urbanization process has also exposed a series of problems, such as the emergence of urban development and social and natural ecological disharmony, urban functions and the imbalance of demand and the cultural characteristics of urban construction continue to occur. Planning is the key to determining the spatial, material and indirect spiritual form of the city. The emergence of these problems shows to some extent that urban planning is relatively short-sighted, focusing only on economic benefits, while ignoring ecological, social, and cultural and policy factors. In this article, we will analyze the current status of green city management and the significance of applying ZiBee technology by searching and researching a large number of materials related to ZigBee technology and green city management technology. It also compares the performance with the list of routing algorithms currently widely used in the ZigBee network layer. In the traditional ZBR routing algorithm, the redundancy of request messages is likely to cause flooding effects, the routing efficiency of the network is low, and the energy consumption of the network is high. • China’s urbanization rate has been developing rapidly at an average annual rate of 1%. • Urbanization has played an active role in promoting the transformation of economic structure. • Planning is the key to determining the spatial, material and indirect spiritual form of the city. • Analyze the current status of green city management and the significance of applying ZigBee technology.

Investigating direct and indirect globalization-based acculturation

Cultural globalization affects most people around the world in contemporary, modern societies. The resulting intercultural contact have been examined using the theory of globalization-based acculturation. However, little is known about possible differences and similarities in processes underlying the effects of direct (e.g., through contact with immigrants) and indirect (e.g., engagement with cultural elements through media) forms of new cultural exposure. Drawing on the contact hypothesis, social identity theory, and symbolic threat theory, we examined whether perceived intercultural threat and local and global identities would explain whether both forms of contact result in multicultural acquisition or in ethnic protection. In Study 1 (N = 402), indirect, but not direct, intercultural contact was positively associated with multicultural acquisition; and both types of intercultural contact were negatively linked with ethnic protection. Global identity significantly mediated the association of both direct and indirect intercultural contact with both multicultural acquisition and ethnic protection, whereas perceived cultural threat only significantly mediated the associations of direct intercultural contact with multicultural acquisition and ethnic protection. In Study 2 (N = 424), higher levels of ethnic protection, and lower levels of multicultural acquisition, emerged in the experimental group primed with indirect, versus direct, intercultural contact. Furthermore, intercultural threat was negatively, and global identity positively, associated with multicultural acquisition, while intercultural threat was positively, and global identity negatively, associated with ethnic protection. Results are discussed in relation to similarities and differences across direct and indirect intercultural contact, providing a nuanced understanding of contemporary intercultural contact and globalization-based acculturation among majority populations.

Late Holocene spread of pastoralism coincides with endemic megafaunal extinction on Madagascar.

Recently expanded estimates for when humans arrived on Madagascar (up to approximately 10 000 years ago) highlight questions about the causes of the island's relatively late megafaunal extinctions (approximately 2000–500 years ago). Introduced domesticated animals could have contributed to extinctions, but the arrival times and past diets of exotic animals are poorly known. To conduct the first explicit test of the potential for competition between introduced livestock and extinct endemic megafauna in southern and western Madagascar, we generated new radiocarbon and stable carbon and nitrogen isotope data from the bone collagen of introduced ungulates (zebu cattle, ovicaprids and bushpigs, n = 66) and endemic megafauna (pygmy hippopotamuses, giant tortoises and elephant birds, n = 68), and combined these data with existing data from endemic megafauna (n = 282, including giant lemurs). Radiocarbon dates confirm that introduced and endemic herbivores briefly overlapped chronologically in this region between 1000 and 800 calibrated years before present (cal BP). Moreover, stable isotope data suggest that goats, tortoises and hippos had broadly similar diets or exploited similar habitats. These data support the potential for both direct and indirect forms of competition between introduced and endemic herbivores. We argue that competition with introduced herbivores, mediated by opportunistic hunting by humans and exacerbated by environmental change, contributed to the late extinction of endemic megafauna on Madagascar.

Primary healthcare nurses' involvement in patient and community participation in the context of chronic diseases: An integrative review.

Primary healthcare nurses' potential to enable patient and community participation has been increasingly acknowledged. A conceptual understanding of their contributions within a broad range of participation processes is still lacking. The aims of this study were to develop a conceptual framework that provides information on the role of primary healthcare nurses in shaping participation processes with patients and communities in the context of chronic diseases and to identify conditions that enable or hinder the promotion of patient and community participation by nurses. An integrative review was conducted. Twenty-three articles published from 2000 to 2019 were included in the analysis: 19 retrieved from PubMed and CHINAL and 4 added through other sources. An inductive data analysis and quality appraisal of studies were conducted. The analysis reveals four areas where nurses are involved in facilitating patient and community participation: (1) sharing understanding of health problems and needs, (2) developing resources and facilitating patient education for self-management, (3) raising patients' voices as an advocate in service development and (4) supporting individual and community networks. The conditions affecting nurses' engagement in fostering participation processes are as follows: (1) care priorities and overall workload, (2) nurses' attitudes towards participation and (3) users' acceptance of nurses as partners. Future research can use the framework as a basis for empirical studies investigating nurses' involvement in pursuing patient and community participation. Interventions should focus less on indirect forms of participation, like patient education or advocacy, but should also focus on active forms of participation. Research is needed on nurses' involvement in community participation processes. This framework can be used and adapted in future research on patient and community participation in primary healthcare. It describes areas of participation and the facilitators and barriers within the broad range of activities of primary healthcare nurses.

Writing Errors in Changing the English Direct Simple Past Declarative Sentences into Indirect Speech Past Perfect Form: A Case Study on Management Level students in Colombo Campus of SLITHM

Writing Errors in Changing the English Direct Simple Past Declarative Sentences into Indirect Speech Past Perfect Form: A Case Study on Management Level students in Colombo Campus of SLITHM

A Telegram Corpus for Hate Speech, Offensive Language, and Online Harm

We provide a new text corpus from the social medium Telegram, which is rich in indirect forms of divisive speech. We scraped all messages from one channel of Donald Trump supporters, covering a large part of his presidency, from late 2016 until January 2021, including the January 6 Capitol riot. The discussion among the group members, over this long time period, includes the spread of disinformation, disparaging of out-group members, and other forms of harmful speech. To enable research into the role of harmful speech in political discourse, we added two types of annotations to the corpus: (i) automatic annotations of offensive language for all messages, and (ii) our own manual annotations of harmful language for a portion of the posts leading up to the January 2021 Capitol riot and its aftermath.

Reconstruction of social environment influences on the development of future teachers’ citizenship competencies

It is presented the results of the empirical study on the social environment influences on the development of future teachers’ citizenship competencies. It is reconstructed the structure and determined the modality of the direct, indirect, and mediated forms of the environment influence aimed at restriction, motivation, and approval of citizenship practices. It is found that the mediated forms (facilitation, encouragement, approval, support, celebration, recognition, etc.) prevail in the structure of the environment influences. These forms are not oriented toward practice correction or development. It is significantly more seldom that the environment uses the direct (restriction by norms, rules, regulations, judgments, customs), and indirect (motivation by prompting, explanation, clarification, specification, providing arguments, reinforcement) influence forms, which have much stronger development potential. There are analyzed the peculiarities of the environment influences on establishing citizenship practices relating to different groups of competencies: value, motivational, relational, cognitive, and identification ones. The direct influence forms by their orientation and modality often do not meet the criteria of the developing environment, which particularly refers to the restriction of such practices as openness; law obedience, and reporting; trust; confrontation’s and extreme judgments’ avoidance. At the same time, it is turned out to be a small segment of the motivational influences which stimulate the critical attitude to information, trust to government institutions and authorities, avoidance of confrontation, refusal from the «common good to one’s own benefits» idea, and from domination. Among those that meet the criteria of the developing environment in the best way are the influences oriented at the establishment of citizenship self-identification practices, values of solidarity, and self-organization to solve common problems. The future research will focus on the determination of the directions and means of adjustment of the environment influences in order that their character and structure may better meet the developing environment criteria

The ‘hidden’ sides of transit-induced gentrification and displacement along Waterloo Region’s LRT corridor

Displacement is generally studied using either using statistical analysis, or lived experiences. Both require different definitions, methods and conceptualisations. As cities across North America invest in higher-order transit such as light rail (LRT), there is a need for a holistic assessment of displacement. However, to date, most studies of transit-induced gentrification rely on statistics. This is problematic because this approach underestimates the scale of direct displacement and is unable to capture indirect or experiential forms. This article uses a variety of qualitative methods to present a detailed examination of displacement along one of North America’s newest LRT lines in Canada’s Waterloo Region. While official statistics indicate little evidence of displacement, field observations and direct engagement with key stakeholders and marginalised residents, renders visible four different types of displacement that are neither evident in official statistics nor central to planning and policy debates. Importantly, these forms of displacement include both spatial and non-spatial forms, which critical scholarship is increasingly conceptualising as part of the displacement and dispossession associated with contemporary gentrification. These findings suggest a need to broaden how transit-induced displacement is defined, measured and analysed, centring lived experiences of displacement within planning and policymaking.

Ülkemizde ve Dünyada COVID-19 Epidemiyolojisi

COVID 19 was seen for the first time in Wuhan, China on 31 December 2019. The epidemic spread to other countries in the Far East in a short time. The virus has started to appear in the Americas, Europe and Africa in a short period of time. The virus was then seen for the first time in Turkey on March 11. The virus has spread throughout World countries so rapidly that, the World Health Organization (WHO) announced a pandemic in March 2020. Transmission mainly occurs via close contact through respiratory droplets. Another way of transmission is indirect (secondary) form; which occurs by touching a contaminated surface and then touching person’s eyes, nose, or mouth. In this process, some groups such as elderly people, healthcare workers and people with comorbidities are more risky in terms of outbreak. In the world and our country where the number of infected people and deaths are increasing every minute, control of the virus has not been fully achieved. As of the end of December 2020, there were over 80 million cases and nearly 2 million deaths in the world due to the epidemic. COVID-19 is a serious global public health problem. Therefore, it is important to adhere to individual and social measures. In this article, the source, transmission pathways, clinical characteristics, risk groups and epidemiology of COVID-19 are examined.

The Speech Act of Threat in Various Communicative Situations

The paper attempts to identify common features characteristic of the expression of a threat in different communicative situations, as well as to describe the circumstances affecting the choice of certain language means to express threat. The direct and indirect forms of speech aggression seen as threat are studied in four spheres: political, business, everyday vernacular and mass media. We used data obtained by the method of continuous sampling from the Internet as material for the study: screenshots of personal correspondence, posts on social networks, photographs of paper media. In all these data, the speech act of the threat is recorded in writing and represents a threat-warning.