Energy consumption and carbon emissions from industrial heating processes constitute a significant and indispensable proportion of industrial production. Therefore, advancing the decarbonization of industrial production, particularly to optimize industrial heating processes, is of considerable importance in achieving global environmental sustainability. This study evaluates long-distance steam transport (LDST) and long-distance hot water transport (LDHWT) as zero-carbon supply schemes for mid-to-low temperature process heat. The heat is sourced from the existing Hainan Nuclear Power Plant using indirect heat exchange, ensuring safety for the long-distance transport medium. The schemes were applied in the Yangpu Industrial Park and comparatively analyzed based on energy efficiency and economic viability. The results indicate that both schemes exhibit comparable energy efficiencies, with LDHWT offering a slight economic advantage. However, beyond this case study, LDHWT becomes increasingly advantageous with longer transport distances and encourages factories to lower their required temperatures through technological modifications. By evaluating these schemes, this study aimed to inform future sustainable process heat decisions and contribute to reducing carbon emissions in global industrial operations.