Indirect Dialogue Research Articles

Proposed Solutions to Citizen Engagement in Virtual environments of social participation: A Systematic Review

This paper aimed to understand how the engagement of citizens in virtual environments of social participation is studied in the literature. By virtual environment of social participation I understand: an Internet platform where themes for direct or indirect dialogue between civil society and the various spheres of government are made available through the digital participation of the citizen. A systematic review identified 96 papers, which were then analysed. Proposals to engage citizens in virtual environments of social participation use one of the following approaches: gamification, games, social networks, collaborative contribution or specific and personalised information. This study is important for researchers wanting to be current with the scientific state of the art. This review will also assist the scientific community working with citizen engagement in virtual environments of social participation to build a common understanding of the challenges that must be faced, and to identify areas where research is lacking.

IVAN BAHRІANYІ AND GEORGE ORWELL: COMPARATIVE APPROACH TO BIOGRAPHICAL INSIGHT

The given article deals with the problem of comparison of literary and political works of Ivan Bahrіanyі and George Orwell, as well as with an objective to prove that these two writers make up a far from random parallel for comparison.
 On the basis of scientific works it proves that one can trace a genetic similarity in the main ideas highlighted in a number of works by these two writers. Both of them had a kind of indirect dialogue on the topics of freedom, equality and struggle against anti-humane regimes.
 The article also highlights the face that there is more to the indirect dialogue of Ivan Bahrіanyі and George Orwell than it seems. Biographical insight used for the research proves that both men faced similar struggles in their lives, their political views were really close and their interpretation of the ongoing events serves as evidence. Consequently the article brings to attention the fact that biographies of the writers might become a key for understanding their works and positions. Another fact to support the above-given idea is that both writers use their own lives and personal experience as a basis for literary interpretation; this was proved by the researches of both George Orwell and Ivan Bahrіanyі literary heritage. As a result we can research their works from the point of comparative typology in synchrony on the double grounds: the indirect dialogue about crucial human problems (mainly a solitary personal struggle against totalitarian regime) as well as usage of a similar artistic method to bring it to their audience.
 The article deals with the problem of freedom as a core problem highlighted in literary and political works of Ivan Bahrіanyі and George Orwell. It traces similarities and differences in the authors’ perception of the notion and ways it changes in various circumstances. It proves that the Ukrainian author pays more attention to the national aspect of freedom than his British counterpart does, which might be explained both by the differences in the worldviews (Ivan Bahrіanyі always defined himself as a socialistic patriot, while George Orwell often was perceived as a generalist and the citizen of the world) and by the political conditions of the nations the writers represent. In terms of personal freedom both authors claim it to be a crucial value for every person as it is closely connected with notions of dignity, self-respect, dreams realization etc. and defines the very existence of humankind.
 Generally the article emphasizes the role and place of the writers in the anti-totalitarian discourse of the XX century. It draws attention to the fact that Ivan Bahrіanyі and George Orwell devoted all their lives and literary efforts to the struggle for a free personality, who is not to be oppressed by any political regime.
 Keywords: Ivan Bahrіanyі, George Orwell, typological approach, genetic similarity, indirect dialogue, freedom, liberty, anti-totalitarian discourse, dignity, biographical approach.

ПРАГМАТИЧНІ ФУНКЦІЇ СТИЛІСТИЧНИХ ЗАСОБІВ В АВТОРСЬКІЙ ХАРАКТЕРИСТИЦІ ГОЛОВНОГО ПЕРСОНАЖА (НА МАТЕРІАЛІ РОМАНУ «СМЕРТЬ ГЕРОЯ» РІЧАРДА ОЛДІНГТОНА)

The article dwells on the peculiarities of the author’s usage of different stylistic devices. Richard Aldington uses a variety of lexical and grammatical stylistic devices in his outstanding novel «Death of a Hero». He is trying to implicitly show his readers his real attitude towards both his main character and the setting the latter operates in. The author constantly leads an indirect dialogue with his readers in order to make them understand the real course of events, but instead of addressing them directly and persuading them to take his point of view as a truly accurate one, Richard Aldington uses a whole range of creative metaphors, similes, hyperbolas, allusions, epithets, parallel constructions and other stylistic devices to convey the true meaning of what he describes. His usage of figures of speeches serves a double purpose: a stylistic one, i.e. to beautify the text and make it linguistically and literary rich, and a pragmatic one, i.e to serve as a source of additional information. The article makes an attempt to find the correlation between these two functions and to come to the conclusions concerning their role in the description of the main character.

Control and Monitoring of Power Facilities as Per LFC Standard

The article brings closer the principle of operation of the new power distribution system, LFC, being the successor of the ARCM SOWE system. The majority of the study is concentrated on the architecture of the local LFC system node authored by IASE sp. z o.o. there have been brought closer, here, the problems of automatic unit control in accordance with the plans and commands from the central LFC controller, of the system operation monitoring via the integrated SMPP module as well as the problems connected with the new technologies employed by LFC (the protocol ICCP-TASE.2 and the standard IEC60870-6, among other things). There have been also described the most important components, SRM LFC, responsible, among others, for the exchange of data with the unit automation, archiving and making available the historical data, setting and viewing of the current automatic control values transmitted by OSP. DOI: 10.12736/issn.2300-3022.2015109 1. General information, design requirements and short description of the LFC system LFC is a currently implemented, by PSE Operator SA, standard of the automatic frequency and power control system, the objective of which is the real-time operating and monitoring of the power generating units operated in the Polish electric power network, defined by the name of the centrally disposed generating units (Jednostki Wytworcze Centralnie Dysponowane (JWCD)). The LFC system is the successor of the SOWE system; it operates in a distributed environment, integrating into the available networks, JWCD, and realising the controls of the central controller of LFC (RC LFC). Each JWCD is autonomous in the LFC network and participates in the automatic power control process when it is officially admitted, by OSP, for operation in the production environment of LFC. The global system “intelligence” is wired in the central controller component, the basic task of which is to maintain the balance between the power produced and the current demand for it within KSE. RC LFC communicates with a power plant via the local node of the LFC system (WL LFC). The local node integrates various technological solutions applied on the facility site so that it is transparent for RC LFC. It conducts the direct or indirect dialogue with the unit automation, realising the controls from RC LFC and transferring back to WC SMPP the current values and the operating parameter states of JWCD. The official specification of WL LFC defines very precisely the way of conduction of the communication in the relation OSP WL LFC (the ICCP-TASE.2 protocol), but it does not impose any specific design solutions with respect to the communication of WL LFC with the automation systems of JWCD. The diversity of the technological solutions on the facility side translate directly into the complexity of the LFC local node implementation. The integration process of SRM LFC with the existing solutions is not trivial and requires the cooperation of all enterprises involved, in order to build a reliable infrastructure interconnecting each JWCD with RC LFC. The design requirements set for the local nodes have been made more precise by PSE Operator SA in two documents entitled ”Wymogi wobec JWCD na potrzeby wdrazania systemu LFC” (The requirements for JWCD for the purposes of implementation of the LFC system) and ”Procedura odbioru wezlow lokalnych systemu LFC w elektrowniach” (The procedure of acceptance of the local nodes of the LFC system). The following may be rated among the most important design goals of OSP: • high operational reliability of action of the whole system • provision of the redundancy of the hot spare type • fast switching between the master/slave modes of the SRM server instances D, Wojtanowicz et al. | Acta Energetica 1/22 (2015) | 121–127

Neither an Instrument nor a Fortress

Peter Thomas has written an important book that brings forward the full importance of Gramsci’s strategic concepts and the pertinence they have for current theoretical and political debates. Based upon this interpretation of Gramsci, this text attempts a critical reading of the contradictory stance of the Althusserian School towards his work. Using Althusser’s own ambivalence towards Gramsci as a starting-point, the main aim of this article is to reconstruct Poulantzas’s direct and indirect dialogue with Gramsci. Despite Poulantzas’s reservations and criticisms regarding aspects of Gramsci’s work, his theoretical endeavour not only is indebted to Gramsci, but also represents, despite its shortcomings and limits, one of the more original and profound theoretical attempts to come to terms with the theoretical challenges posed by Gramsci’s elaboration on hegemony, hegemonic apparatuses and the ‘integral state’.

Representational Capacity or Global Governance?: A Swiss Federal Court Addresses the Accusations against a Former Algerian General

On 25 July 2012, the Complaint Division of the Swiss Criminal Federal Court of First Instance decided that the proceedings led by the Office of the Attorney General could continue against a former Algerian minister accused of having perpetrated war crimes between 1992 and 1999. The Court first examined whether Swiss law allowed such proceedings and addressed comprehensively the issue of Swiss jurisdiction, and especially the standing of a domestic proceeding based on universality. It then discussed the question of immunities, in particular functional immunity, and its application when an international crime considered as part of jus cogens is at stake. The indirect dialogue between this decision and the International Court of Justice judgment on jurisdictional immunities of February 2012 is outlined in the article, which then elaborates on the two paradigms organizing the prosecution of international crimes, namely ‘representational capacity’ and ‘global governance’. It highlights some of the issues raised by the global governance paradigm to which the decision of the Swiss Criminal Federal Court adheres.

Subgroup Conflicts? Try the Psychodramatic “Double Triad Method”

The present article suggests the application of a psychodramatic action method for tackling subgroup conflicts in which the direct dialogue between representatives of two opposing subgroups is prepared step by step through an indirect dialogue strategy within two triads, a strategy known as the Double Triad Method (DTM). In order to achieve integration in the group as a whole, it is important that all the members of both subgroups participate actively during the entire process. The first part of the article briefly explores the theoretical background, with a special emphasis on the Phenomenological-Dialectical Personality Model (Phe-Di PModel). In the second part, the DTM procedure is systematically described through its five action stages, each accompanied with 1) a spatial representation of the consecutive actions, 2) some illustrative statements for each stage, and 3) a theoretical interpretation of the dialectically involved personality dimensions in both protagonists. The article concludes with a discussion and suggestions for more extensive applications of the DTM method, including the question of its relationships to Agazarian’s functional subgrouping, psychodrama, and sociodrama.

Workshop on electronics psychotherapy

Electronics Psychotherapy offers all kinds of psychological treatment through Internet using advantages of modern technology. Ease of communication, giving psychotherapy at home and no need for being face to face with psychotherapist are among those advantages. Psychotherapy is offered by direct or indirect dialogue through Internet with the client. A workshop showing how it takes place is applied by asking a member of a conference to play the role of a client or if possible introducing someone with a psychological problem.

Hybrid Cosmologies in Mesoamerica: A Reevaluation of theYax Cheel Cab, a Maya World Tree

During his visit to Nojpeten in 1696, Fray Andrés de Avendaño reported observing the Itzá Maya worshipping a stone column called yax cheel cab (the first tree of the world). Though claiming to recognize the yax cheel cab from depictions in pre-Hispanic Maya codices, Avendaño notes that the Itzá “want it to be understood that they give homage to it because this is the tree of whose fruit our first father Adam ate.” As no known pre-Hispanic source uses the term yax cheel cab, how are we to interpret Avendaño's report? Based on iconographic as well as primary textual sources from the Postclassic through Colonial periods written in Maya and Spanish, we document the transformation of pre-Hispanic Maya tree symbolism in response to contemporaneous European Christian myth and cosmology. We argue that, though having roots in pre-Hispanic iconography and practices millennia deep, the yax cheel cab known from the documentary record is a colonial amalgam, a world tree at the center of a hybrid cosmology emerging over the course of over a century and a half from processes of direct as well as indirect dialogue between Mayas and Europeans.

Merging different interactivity perspectives: 1.0 and 2.0 frameworks

My aim in this paper is to present an analysis of the concept of audiovisual interactivity and its evolution in relation to web 2.0 and participatory culture. A brief theoretical framework on the concept of interactivity and its evolutions in the last decades will be followed by an analysis of the traditional interactivity concept based on a closed user-medium relationship. Finally, I will further articulate my reflection on new forms of interactivity which are based on a more participatory model in which users interact among themselves and create communities within and through interactive media environments. Using Thompson’s theoretical framework (1995) on media interaction, my attempt will be to define how new participative strategies of 2.0 tv are creating not only new forms of contents and languages, but also “mediated-quasi interactions” between media producers and their audience. These environments are thus characterized by an indirect dialogue and a complex competition for media imaginary dominance. Keywords: Interactivity; Participation; Active audiences; Mediated quasi-interaction; New media literacy

O Diálogo das Religiões Mundiais em Jürgen Moltmann: Uma Teologia Não-Relativista das Religiões

This article aims to explore Jurgen Moltmann’s thought concerning the world religions dialogue. For this purpose are considered, besides his analysis of the historical western influences on inter-religious relation, the questioning that this author does about the position of the relativistic theology of religions in terms of inter-religious dialogue, as well as his suggestions regarding the conditions and characteristics of an appropriate dialogue. In this sense, there is an emphasis in the practice of the indirect dialogue, in which the interlocutors, instead of discussing subjects about themselves, they consider practical questions in order to promote life.

A Paean to the Epistemological Potency of ArtifactsMuseums, Anthropology, and Imperial Exchange. By Amiria Henare. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2005.

A Paean to the Epistemological Potency of Artifacts<i>Museums, Anthropology, and Imperial Exchange</i>. By Amiria Henare. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2005.

Robert Bresson

By Keith Reader. Manchester University Press, 2000. x+166 pp. Pb £9.99. This study of Robert Bresson is one of the twenty or so titles that now constitute the ‘French Film Directors’ series, edited by Diana Holmes and Robert Ingram since 1998. The series's self-evidently auteurist approach, whose methodological basis some may wish to question, could hardly be easier to justify than in the case of Bresson, as Keith Reader himself remarks in his introduction. For Bresson's work is one of the classic sites for exponents of the theory that cinema is an art-form created essentially by exceptional individuals, whose personal films display a formal and thematic rigour evolving towards an aesthetic absolute. Thus Reader can unashamedly adopt such an auteurist method in his examination of Bresson's fourteen films, starting with the little-known Affaires publiques (1934) and following the filmmaker's long career to his final masterpiece, L'Argent (1983), considered as the distillation of everything that the artist had achieved in the intervening fifty years. The main characteristics of Bresson's unique manner, according to Reader, are his minimalist paring down of cinema to its basic material components; his rejection of French classic cinema's psychologically motivated dramatic narratives; and, most famously, his almost exclusive employment of non-professional ‘models’ rather than trained actors, whose theatricality the filmmaker openly despised. To these three prime formal traits Reader adds two major thematic concerns that he believes can be traced throughout Bresson's entire corpus. One is the filmmaker's ambivalent and increasingly pessimistic relationship to certain strands of Catholic theology, especially Jansenism and the works of Pascal. The other is what Reader posits as an indirect dialogue between Bresson's films and the writings of Jacques Lacan. Without anywhere suggesting that Bresson is a Lacanian, or indeed that the filmmaker had any detectable interest in psychoanalysis, Reader attempts to demonstrate in his discussion that some Lacanian models and concepts can provide original interpretive insights into Bresson's films. This is the five-point agenda, then, that Reader sets out for his chronological survey of Bresson's career. In each chapter he presents very briefly the production background and public reception of the film or films in question. Then he gives a linear account of each film's narrative, interlaced with his personal readings of the work's main points of interest, as well as with references to some of Bresson's best-known critics and academic exegetes. There are also frequent allusions to Lacan, as already mentioned, alongside Roland Barthes, Jacques Derrida, Gilles Deleuze, Jean-François Lyotard, and Simone Weil. Despite these high-theory references, Reader's style is relaxed and informal, if at times slightly digressive; but overall the rigidly chronological structure and the clearly auteurist agenda succeed in keeping the discussion on track and the analysis in focus. In conclusion, then, this book will serve its main purpose as an introduction to Bresson's work for teachers and students alike.

Let's Put our (Post)Cards on the Table

This article discusses advertisement postcards that are distributed, free of charge, at special stands in public places. In addition to their primary function (they are rarely used, thus defining them as almost `non-post' cards), the postcards serve those who take them as a collector's item, a conversation piece, a sign of belonging to a particular group (being `in') and as a component in structuring cultural and social frameworks. Taking these postcards as an example, the article attempts to define the spatial, social and linguistic characteristics of the discourse of postcards. The author examines the specific nature of the discourse that develops between the creators of these postcards and their audiences. A certain indirect dialogue takes place, almost devoid of feedback, in which the medium revolves and changes its function when different receivers and diverse locations create new definitions for it. The analysis of the audience demonstrates an inclination towards a particular social group of skilful consumers, who consume the `best' advertisements as cultural products in themselves. This group is expressed by virtue of their active decision to detect and choose a specific postcard and use it in a variety of ways.

Megaphone Diplomacy in the Northern Irish Peace Process

In early 1994, British and Irish mainstream media were instrumental in facilitating an indirect dialogue between their governments and the Irish Republican movement about the terms on which Sinn Fein, the political wing of the Irish Republican Army, could be admitted into political talks. This article provides evidence of this practice (labeled “megaphone diplomacy”), shows how it works, and discusses the advantages of using such a channel during delicate negotiations. Interviews with journalists working in Northern Ireland show that the channel can work without the active awareness of journalists, but also that it is possible for journalists to strengthen the process and yet stay within the journalistic paradigm. The article concludes with an assessment of the contributions of the media dialogue to the wider peace process.

All on the Same Side: Reflections on the Dialogue Between Science and Religion

The ‘war’ between religion and science is winding down, creating new opportunities for fruitful dialogue. The foundations of indirect religion‐science dialogue, where the perspectives of the two disciplines illuminate some third subject, are not well established. A detailed comparison of the Roman Catholic bishops' dialogues and a similar program within the American Association for the Advancement of Science illustrates the variety in formalscience‐religion interactions and reveals much about the promise, achievements, and limitations of different approaches. Success depends in large part on controlling the diversity of the dialogue group, choosing topics carefully, and adopting positive and cooperative attitudes.

In Search of Lost Intimacy: Mothers and Daughters in Women's Theatre

As women writers attempt to explore their difference and define their specificity, they have come to realize the importance of renewing the primal bond between mother and daughter.' Centuries of patriarchal domination have erected barriers between women, walls of jealousy, misunderstanding, scorn, and silence which must be broken down if women are to liberate themselves, reclaim their matrilineal heritage, and create their own culture. Since the 1970s, women playwrights and theatre groups have often focussed on the difficult mother-daughter relationship in their efforts to dramatize the social and psychological situation of women, their sexuality, interrelationships, and language. By examining a group of mother-daughter plays, we will see how women theatre professionals have used the stage to spotlight this key issue in the feminist critique of patriarchy and to create distinctive forms of feminist dramatic discourse. Mother-daughter plays vary considerably, reflecting their authors' personal experience, culture, sexual orientation, and commitment to feminism. Some playwright-daughters use the stage to rebel against mothers and declare their independence. Whether they portray mothers as devouring monsters or self-sacrificing martyrs, rebellious daughters rarely have much sympathy for their mothers as fellow victims of patriarchy. For others, dramatizing mother-daughter conflicts leads to understanding, acceptance, and reconciliation. Through the act of writing, they communicate the love they feel but could not express to their mothers. For playwrights with daughters of their own, the motherdaughter play is a vehicle for coming to terms with the mixed emotions which accompany the transition from daughterhood to motherhood. For those writers committed to celebrating matrilineage, the motherdaughter play leads to mutual liberation and the renewal of bonds based on equality. While this paper will focus primarily on French women's theatre, let us briefly note the importance of mother-daughter themes for women dramatists in America. In the United States, Ursule Molinaro's one-act play Breakfast Past Noon (1968) angrily presents the mother as an interfering, hypercritical harpy who refuses to treat her forty-three year-old daughter as an adult. To emphasize the lack of true communication, Molinaro uses the unusual technique of indirect discourse in the past tense. Mother and daughter do not speak to each other, they repeat their dialogue of mutual recriminations, criticisms, and sarcasms to the audience. The indirect dialogue escalates in anger and ends in violence as the daughter shoves a lit cigarette in the mouth of her mother who defends herself by choking the daughter. The black humour of Breakfast Past Noon places it at the opposite end of the scale from Honor Moore's poetic drama, Mourning