Indirect Data Collection Research Articles

Social Media As Source Study Generation Millennials

One of the lifestyles of the younger generation, better known as the Millennial Generation, in using smartphones, is searching for information and buying and selling on the Internet. This of course includes accessing social media and using it as a source of learning material, which currently supports a lot of educational content. Social media can be integrated into Millennial Generation learning where the use of social media and learning must be planned as one. This research uses a quantitative descriptive approach, using indirect data collection techniques in the form of questionnaires that describe the variables studied and examine the relationships between variables. Based on the results of this research, at the effectiveness stage, social media is used by students more to dig up information on social media accounts such as YouTube and Tiktok . YouTube can be used as a learning tool to have a positive impact on students by increasing learning motivation, creativity and friendship between friends, so that social media can be used effectively as a learning tool. These two accounts are the accounts most followed by students. Based on the explanation of the findings above, it can be concluded that the first and second hypotheses are accepted, namely that there is a positive relationship between the Role of Social Media (X) and Effective Learning Resources (Y) in the millennial generation, namely students and high school students in Sukabumi.

Sustainability and the environmental impact of the tourism industry: An analysis of the hotel sector in Catalonia, Spain

Purpose: This research examines policies aimed at reducing the environmental impact of the hotel sector in Catalonia, Spain in 2020 and how they are communicated to stakeholders through corporate websites. It applies academic criteria to identify key aspects that are relevant to tourism.Design/Methodology: This study conducts a descriptive analysis of Catalonia's hotel sector in 2020, utilizing SABI (Iberian Balance Sheet Analysis System) data. It selects the top 48 companies in the hotel sector that are legally required to report their annual accounts in the regular format. The study then systematically evaluates their websites to assess the availability and transparency of information on environmental sustainability.Findings: Sustainable tourism, marked by non-financial indicators such as environmental impact, energy/water usage and waste generation, is a very important issue for stakeholders in the hotel industry, including governments, owners, investors, and customers. The sector's reporting methods are crucial for effectively communicating environmental policies to these parties. While many companies have implemented strategies to assess and reduce their environmental impact, there is still considerable room for improvement, particularly in communicating these efforts to the various stakeholders.Research limitations/implications: This research, while rigorous, has certain limitations that suggest directions for future studies. A primary constraint involves data reported at a group level by hotel companies, which complicates obtaining specific data for the Catalonia region, particularly for hotel groups with an international presence. Another significant limitation is the reliance on indirect data collection, based on the companies' self-reported environmental policies posted on their websites.Practical implications: By identifying and knowing the environmental policies of the hotel industry over the analyzed period, we can help the industry itself to improve the sustainability of its environmental efforts and make it more attractive to all stakeholders.Social implications: The study highlights the importance of environmental policies and the achievement of the UN Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) in the hotel industry. This industry plays an important role in achieving the UN SDGs, which offer significant benefits for business, such as access to new markets, better risk management and long-term sustainability, as well as social benefits. This is increasingly expected by both consumers and investors.Originality/Value: This study examines the commitment and information transparency of the Costa Brava hotel sector in terms of environmental sustainability, as well as its communication strategies. This is achieved primarily through the analysis of corporate websites, comparing the information and indices to those of other entities in the sector. The relevance and value of this analysis stems from the recognition that, despite the efforts made to improve the sector, further progress needs to be made in order to make it more attractive to stakeholders.

ANALISIS LAPORAN KINERJA KEUANGAN PADA PT GARUDA INDONESIA (PERSERO), TBK YANG TERDAFTAR DI BURSA EFEK INDONESIA (BEI)

This study aims to determine the financial performance based on the value of the ratio of liquidity, solvency, activity, and profitability at PT. Garuda Indonesia Tbk, in improving financial performance by calculating the liquidity ratio with the current ratio and quick ratio, while the solvency ratio is the indicator of debt to assets and debt to equity ratio, the indicators of activity ratio are total assets turnover and inventory turnover, and indicators of profitability ratios are the return on investment and the return on equity. The secondary data was obtained by indirect data collection techniques that are documentation and literature study in the form of financial reports of PT. Garuda Indonesia Tbk which is listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange (IDX) uses qualitative data analysis methods. The results of the analysis show that the liquidity ratio with the current ratio and the quick ratio in 2016-2020 does not meet industry standards. The solvency ratio in the debt to asset ratio in 2016-2020 does not meet industry standards. The activity ratio on total asset turnover in 2016-2020 meets industry standards and on inventory turnover in 20160-2020 meets industry standards. Finally, the ratio of profitability to return on investment in 2016-2020 does not meet industry standards.
 Keywords: Liquidity Ratio; Solvency; Activity; Profitability

Minimize inventory deviations in the Konimex technical warehouse through the implementation of the DMAIC concept

PT Konimex is a manufacturing company that focuses on the pharmaceutical sector and is supported by an Engineering warehouse for machine maintenance during operation. However, during its run, there were problems in the form of discrepancies between the stock stored in the warehouse and those recorded in the company’s system which had a negative impact in the form of losses for the company. Therefore, a step-by-step analysis is carried out to provide solutions that are in accompanying circumstances using the DMAIC (define-measurement-analyze-improve-control) concept. The data collection method carried out is carried out directly and produces data in the form of primary data and indirect data collection, which uses the company’s historical data and produces secondary data. Data processing using the DMAIC concept then obtained the root of the problem and improvement solutions in the form of container redesign and the application of 5S as well as the addition of warehouse personnel which is expected to reduce the company’s stock-taking discrepancies.

Reverse Social Impact of Oil Palm Plantation Expansion: A Study of Three Communities in Jambi, Indonesia

Studies on the social impacts of oil palm development have focused on various communities with distinct characteristics. Due to the rarity of comparative investigations, this study aimed to examine the impact of oil palm plantation expansion on the Suku Anak Dalam, Jambi Malay, and the Javanese transmigrant, the three communities with different socio-economic characteristics. In-depth interviews and observations were conducted to understand the communities’ interaction and dependence on forest resources. The study also conducted a household census to assess 67 Malay and 66 Javanese transmigrant families. However, a household census could not be conducted to asses 45 families of the Suku Anak Dalam due to some limitations. This necessitated indirect data collection through the community leader. The results showed that the oil palm development significantly and negatively impacts the Suku Anak Dalam more than the Malay community and the Javanese transmigrant. The Suku Anak Dalam face difficulties in meeting their basic needs because the conversion of forest areas into oil palm plantations has reduced their access to these resources. In contrast, the Malay community and the Javanese transmigrants have enjoyed various benefits, such as ownership of oil palm gardens, employment opportunities as daily laborers, and partnerships with companies through the nucleus-plasma program. Therefore, it is crucial for the government to protect the Suku Anak Dalam community from the negative impacts of oil palm plantation development activities.

The Role of Sustainable Consumption and Green Marketing in Consumers’ Purchase Decisions in the SMART Era

Purpose: Along with the growing environmental concerns, the need to make the consumption more eco-friendly has emerged. The awareness of the danger related to excessive consumerism pushed some part of the society towards more sustainable choices. The main goal of this study was to evaluate the impact of pro-ecological factors in the marketing mix on the young consumers’ purchase decisions. Design/methodology/approach: The research investigated the willingness to purchase a product described as “ecological” in a situation when its price is the same or higher (price premium) when compared to the price of other products. The quantitative research in the form of indirect data collection with the use of online survey has been carried out in the age groups of 18–24 and 25–34. Findings: The results indicate that pro-environmental factors play an important role for those consumers in their purchase decisions. However, despite the ecological concerns, price is still a crucial factor for many. Research limitations/implications: The research has been carried out in the group of young consumers; therefore, a similar questionnaire could be distributed among respondents from older age groups to gather a more extensive view of the market. Originality/value: The results confirm the importance of the “eco” factor in marketing on the Polish market. The findings regarding the purchase behaviours of Polish consumers might serve as a guidance for companies operating on the market.

Adjusting line quantum sensing to improve leaf area index measurements and estimations in forests

Rapid and reliable estimation of leaf area index (LAI), a crucial parameter in process-based models of vegetation cover response, is important in ecological studies. The Beer-Lambert law is widely used to calculate forest LAI, but data collection methods are time-consuming and calculations are often inaccurate. Our objective was to improve the accuracy of Beer-Lambert law–based LAI estimation by employing indirect data collection and location-specific light extinction coefficients (K). Canopy transmittance and LAI of two 100 m2 temperate forest stands in southwestern Germany, one managed and one protected, was estimated using line quantum sensing (LQS) at 45,000 points per stand. The Beer-Lambert law was then inverted to estimate LAI using the measured transmittance with a K of 0.53–0.54. Hemispherical reference photographs were used as independent validation data to determine ideal K values. Experimental data demonstrated that LAI values estimated using LQS with adjusted K values were more accurate than those calculated using the basic application of the Beer-Lambert law. LQS results correlated with those determined using hemispherical photography for both the managed (R² = 0.80) and protected (R² = 0.81) stands. Overall, these findings show that adjusting K values for individual forest systems improves the accuracy of LAI estimation.•The modified method is more accurate than that using fixed K ranges.•The modified method accounts for individual ecosystems, with different K values for different environments.•The method can accurately reflect the dynamic changes of forest canopy structure, allowing integration of additional environmental measurements.

Indirect inference of sensitive variables with peer network survey

Abstract Misreporting is a common source of bias in population surveys involving sensitive topics such as sexual behaviours, abortion or criminal activity. To protect their privacy due to stigmatized or illegal behaviour, respondents tend to avoid fully disclosure of personal information deemed sensitive. This attitude however may compromise the results of survey studies. To circumvent this limitation, this article proposes a novel ego-centric sampling method (ECM) based on the respondent’s peer networks to make indirect inferences on sensitive traits anonymously. Other than asking the respondents to report directly on their own behaviour, ECM takes into account the knowledge the respondents have about their social contacts in the target population. By using various scenarios and sensitive analysis on model and real populations, we show the high performance, that is low biases, that can be achieved using our method and the novel estimator. The method is also applied on a real-world survey to study traits of college students. This real-world exercise illustrates that the method is easy-to-implement, requiring few amendments to standard sampling protocols, and provides a high level of confidence on privacy among respondents. The exercise revealed that students tend to under-report their own sensitive and stigmatized traits, such as their sexual orientation. Little or no difference was observed in reporting non-sensitive traits. Altogether, our results indicate that ECM is a promising method able to encourage survey participation and reduce bias due to misreporting of sensitive traits through indirect and anonymous data collection.

Exploring Wardriving Potential in the Ecuadorian Amazon for Indirect Data Collection

Digital inclusion in the Ecuadorian amazon is known as a problem, which intensified with the pandemic. Since social distance is now the norm, we constructed a WiFi access point (WAP) scanner to map and analyze its data. We correlated it with ancillary geoinformation to observe its potential and limitations as a method for indirect data collection. Our result indicate that WAP correlate weakly but positively with nightlight, young population, accessibility to economical centres, and negatively with slope. Moreover, we differentiated vulnerability naming patters from Service Set Identifiers (SSDI) and differentiated the number of WAPs according to land cover for differentiate urban from rural areas. This output is now offering increasing applications to get updated rought estimates of internet activity and indirectly correlations to socio-economic conditions, technology practices, and opportunities for natural language processing. Therefore, we conclude that wardriving offer interesting opportunities for mapping social data but also concerns as an indirect data collection method.

PENGARUH IKLIM SEKOLAH TERHADAP KEDISIPLINAN BELAJAR PESERTA DIDIK KELAS X SMA NEGERI 7 PONTIANAK 2019/2020

AbstractAtmosphere of school climate or state of a school, related to the discipline of learning which can be influenced by the school climate. This research aims to describe the influence of school climate on the discipline of learning of class X SMA Negeri 7 Pontianak. This research method used a descriptive method with the form of influence study research. Data collection techniques in this study are indirect communication techniques and data collection tools using a questionnaire. Based on the results of data analysis, it shows for us that the climate of SMA Negeri 7 Pontianak is in a very good category, with a percentage of 85.01%. Value of the discipline of learning class X SMA Negeri 7 Pontianak in a good category with a percentage of 77.16%. There is a significant influence that is equal to 47% of the school climate of disciplinary learning in class X SMA Negeri 7 Pontianak. The higher the school climate, the higher the level of discipline of students in class X SMA Negeri 7 Pontianak in learning and vice versa, the lower the school climate, the lower the level of learning discipline of students in class X SMA Negeri 7 Pontianak in learning.Keyword : Clime, Discipline, Learning

Validation of an indirect data collection method to assess airport pavement condition

In this study the authors compare two methods for airport asphalt pavement distress data collection applied on the main runway of Amílcar Cabral international airport, located at Sal Island in Cape Verde. The two methods used for testing were traditional visual inspection (on-foot) and an indirect method using a vehicle equipped with image capture and recording, lasers and geolocation devices (in-vehicle inspection). The aim of this research is to contribute to the validation of the proposed low-cost in-vehicle pavement distress inspection system with semiautomatic data processing in order to be considered in the implementation of the pavement condition assessment component of airport pavement management systems (APMS). This is a particularly important component as from the collected distress data it is possible to assess the condition of the pavements and define intervention strategies. Validation of the indirect data collection method is evaluated by statistical comparison of the collected distress data and pavement condition index (PCI) obtained from both methods. Statistically non-significant differences between the result sets validate the proposed indirect method, however the analysis evidenced two aspects that need improvement in the proposed system, namely the quality of the captured images to identify distresses with lower severity level and inspector training for proper allocation of severity levels during image analysis. This results in significant advantages considering that the total amount of the runway pavement area is inspected. Inspection time is reduced and data collection cost can be reduced. Processing and results visualization on GIS environment allows revaluation of the dataset on the in-vehicle method. Data interpretation and measurements quality control becomes simpler and faster.

Análise da oferta de oleorresina de copaíba (Copaifera spp.) no Brasil e do dinamismo do valor da produção

O principal produto de interesse comercial produzido pelas espécies do gênero Copaifera é o oleorresina, que se constitui como um dos mais importantes óleos vegetais comercializados na região norte do Brasil. É amplamente utilizado na medicina popular, na indústria de cosméticos e farmacêutica, e sua extração é feita através de extrativismo vegetal. Entretanto, a produção é influenciada por uma série de fatores como a baixa densidade populacional da espécie, variabilidade entre os indivíduos em termos de idade, dimensões do tronco e ainda, a existência de indivíduos produtivos e não produtivos. Assim, o estudo em questão objetivou analisar a variação da quantidade de oleorresina produzida no Brasil no período de 2001 a 2017, e seu respectivo valor de produção. Para tal, foram analisadas as informações da base de dados do Instituto Brasileiro de Geografia e Estatística. Ficou evidenciado que houve uma queda acentuada na produção nacional, no entanto o Amazonas segue destacando-se como o maior fornecedor de oleorresina do país, sendo necessários maiores estudos para identificação das causas das oscilações drásticas de produção.

Analysis of Mathematic Communication Ability to be Reviewed From Student Learning Creativity In Statistical Materials

This study aims to determine the extent of mathematical communication skills of students who have high learning creativity in statistics material in Class VIII of SMP Negeri 01 Putussibau, which are categorized in high, medium, and low learning creativity. The problem in this study is "how the analysis of mathematical communication skills in terms of student learning creativity in statistics material in Class VIII SMP Negeri 01 Putussibau", where the specific problems include: How is the mathematical communication skills of students who have high, medium, and creative learning creativity low in statistical material in Class VIII of SMP Negeri 01 Putussibau ?. This study uses descriptive research methods in the form of surveys, which are studies that only describe situations and behavior by making direct observations on objects that are sources of data. The research sample was class VIII F students, amounting to 33 students. Data collection techniques in the form of indirect communication, measurement, and data collection tools in the form of questionnaires for creativity, tests, and direct interviews. Data analysis techniques include data reduction and data presentation. Based on the description of the data obtained that the analysis of mathematical communication skills in terms of student learning creativity on statistical material. Students with high ability can work on problems well and creatively using formulas or how to solve them, students with medium ability can work on problems well, but are less creative using formulas and how to solve them, and students with low ability can already work on problems quite well, but these students have not been creative in using workmanship formulas or how to find answers to the questions given.

Local Health Department Partnerships to Address Opioid Use and Overdose Prevention.

Local Health Department Partnerships to Address Opioid Use and Overdose Prevention.

Anthropogenic influences on primate antipredator behavior and implications for research and conservation.

Predation risk affects prey species' behavior, even in the absence of a direct threat, but human-induced environmental change may disturb ecologically significant predator-prey interactions. Here, we propose various ways in which knowledge of antipredator tactics, behavioral risk effects, and primate-predator interactions could assist in identifying human-caused disruption to natural systems. Using behavior to evaluate primate responses to the ongoing environmental change should be a potentially effective way to make species conservation more predictive by identifying issues before amore dramatic population declines. A key challenge here is that studies of predation on primates often use data collected via direct observations of habituated animals and human presence can deter carnivores and influence subjects' perception of risk. Hence, we also review various indirect data collection methods to evaluate their effectiveness in identifying where environmental change threatens wild species, while also minimizing observer bias.

Understanding consumer data use in new product development and the product life cycle in European food firms – An empirical study

New food products have a high chance of market failure. To improve the chances of new product success, a consumer-oriented approach to product development has been recommended. The approach emphasizes the importance of an optimal fit between consumers’ needs and the new product. To achieve this goal, food professionals generate and use various consumer data types and methods. However, very few studies address the extent to which the food industry uses consumer data in product development. This study investigated to what extent European food firms use various consumer data in different phases, i.e., new product development (NPD) and the product life cycle (PLC), and what data collection methods they employ. The current study classified consumer data into three types: consumer involvement, food trend, and environmental factor data. The results showed that more than 85% of the respondents use all three data types in NPD, while they rarely use consumer data in the PLC. Respondents most frequently use data collection methods such as focus groups, consumer surveys, and indirect data collection (e.g., internet, magazines). These methods are less effective in assuring product success and in developing new-to-the-world products. In fact, more than half of the respondents never or rarely worked on new-to-the-world projects. Increasing the use of consumer data in the PLC and adapting data collection methods to the type of the project and the phase of product development present opportunities for food firms to improve chances of new product success.

EB4CAST: An Evidence-Based Tool to Promote Dissemination and Implementation in Community-Based, Public Health Research.

eB4CAST, evidence-Based forecast C-capture, A-assemble, S-sustain, T-timelessness (eB4CAST), framework was developed from existing dissemination and implementation (D & I) constructs as a dissemination tool to promote community-based program usability and future application in targeted populations. eB4CAST captures and transforms research findings into a dissemination report that shows program need and impact to endorse program continuation and expansion. This is achieved through direct and indirect data collection of community factors and program impact that can showcase the need for program sustainability and potential for future dissemination sites. Testimonials, individual feedback, and program process and outcomes contribute to the direct data while data collected from census, county, and state databases and reports allow for indirect information to be captured and analyzed. Capturing data in the two levels allow eB4CAST to forecast program need and highlight program impact through a footprint. eB4CAST framework for dissemination tool creation is organized into four sections: Capture, Assemble, Sustainability, and Timelessness. Capture encompasses the collection of indirect and direct data related to intervention goals. Assemble is the compilation of the data into a visually appealing and easily understood media. Sustainability encourages the use of dissemination tools to provide forecast of program need and footprint of program impact back to community participants, program leaders, and key stakeholders to endorse program sustainability. Lastly, timelessness encourages cyclic movement through these constructs to continue program monitoring and data sharing to ensure timeless program evaluation and conformation to change in needs. The eB4CAST framework provides a systematic method to capture justification of program need and impact of community-based research that can be modified to fit diverse public health interventions providing a necessary D & I tool.

A ASPIRAÇÃO DO SISTEMA DE PATENTES E O CASO DOS PRODUTOS TERAPÊUTICOS PARA DOENÇAS NEGLIGENCIADAS

A presente pesquisa se propõe a investigar se o cumprimento dos deveres impostos pelo sistema jurídico de patentes está em consonância com sua aspiração de incentivar a inovação no que concerne à pesquisa e ao desenvolvimento (P&D) de produtos destinados ao combate das doenças negligenciadas. Essa investigação configura-se como um diagnóstico empírico preliminar sustentado por inferências descritivas, formuladas a partir da coleta indireta de dados e guiadas pelas regras de inferência de Epstein e King. O substrato teórico utilizado é composto pela interação entre a moralidade da aspiração e a moralidade do dever, de acordo com a perspectiva teórica de Bankowski. Desse modo, em primeiro lugar, é possível inferir que o cumprimento dos deveres impostos pelo atual modelo de exclusividade tem se mostrado insuficiente para incentivar a inovação no caso específico das doenças negligenciadas. Em segundo lugar, verifica-se que, mesmo dentro do grupo dessas enfermidades, algumas delas podem ser consideradas mais negligenciadas do que outras, podendo demandar tratamentos diferenciados, no que diz respeito à operacionalização do sistema jurídico de patentes e à elaboração de políticas públicas. Finalmente, constata-se que a pesquisa e o desenvolvimento de produtos destinados ao combate das doenças em geral são motivados por interesses diversos das demandas da saúde pública.

A Mobile App. UI/UX Design for the Gas Safety Workers

Objectives: There is always the possibility of accidents at gas work site. Therefore, we studied mobile app design forsafety of gas workers. Methods/Statistical Analysis: In this paper, we used literature investigation and analysis, expert interview, social indirect data collection. 1. Analyze the characteristics of gas field operations, workers, work site and extract need analysis of them 2. Investigate working process and incidents that can take place at the field operations 3. List the assumptions to design the mobile App. 4. Survey on preferred images in relation to gas work 5. Finalize the App. design. Findings: These are the demands for mobile App. 1. A clear arrangement of contents, 2. A design with high readability,3. A design with low death, 4. A securing of user’s accessibility, 5. An effective information transmission plan in the work section where it is impossible to operate the mobile device, 6. An activation of alarm function at the section of high working error, 7. A fast two-way transmission and receipt of safety inspection matter needed at work, 8. A selection of images and contents that can guide the situation to the worker in case of accident, 9. An alarm function for the degree of danger in an area of worker’s location. Based on these, a basic design of safety application for gas related work has been proposed, that can secure the user accessibility. And we design the new display what is focused on icons of high readability in order to move the main system to the mobile screen. Improvements/Applications: 1. Sections where frequent operational errors occur must be identified. 2. It is necessary to explore various interactive devices that can sync with the mobile App.

O roli i pozycji badacza w badaniach rzeczywistości szkoły specjalnej i integracyjnej

What the study presents is an authorial concept of one of the possible typologies of the research into special education (in special, integrated and mainstream school). The starting point of this typology is the role and rank of the researcher (actor – observer) applied in various research concepts. In the further part, this is juxtaposed with the studies based on direct and indirect data collection. The essence of the text is an analysis of trendy and infrequent types of studies in the indicated field. This analysis incidentally refers to the correctness of the conducted explorations. The study is completed with final conclusions, which comprise a short list of the neglected issues in the field of special education.